bitdirirge
/bitdirirɡe/
1. finish, complete, bring to an end
- işni bitdirirge — to finish the work
- men işimi bitdirdim — I finished my work
- tawkel işin jeŋil bitdirir — a resolute person finishes his work easily
- bu ahır gebenni bitdirirge kerekbiz — we must finish this last haystack
- üynü bitdirirge — to finish building the house
- jazğı işleni bitdirirge — to complete the spring work
2. kill, finish off, ruin — Also said of hardship or heavy work that wears a person out completely.
- işni qıyınlığı anı bitdirdi — the hardship of the work finished him off
- faşistleden ekisin bitdirdi — he killed two of the fascists
- urub bitdirirge — to beat someone to death
- bitdirib qoyarğa — to finish someone off
3. grow, raise, cultivate
- gardoş bitdirirge — to grow potatoes
- biz gardoş bitdirebiz — we grow potatoes
- nartüh bitdirdiŋ — you grew corn
- igi bitim bitdirirge — to raise a good crop
- neni bitdirseŋ, anı jıyarsa — whatever you grow, that is what you will gather
- mürzew bitdirirge — to grow grain
Conjugation
Common forms
- bitdiredihe is finishing
- bitdirdihe finished
- bitdirgendihe has finished
- bitdirirhe will finish
- bitdirlikdihe is going to finish
- bitdire edihe was finishing
- bitdirseif he finishes
- bitdir!finish!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitdiremeI am finishing | senbitdireseyou are finishing | olbitdiredihe is finishing | bizbitdirebizwe are finishing | sizbitdiresizyou all are finishing | alabitdiredilethey are finishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitdirmeymeI am not finishing | senbitdirmeyseyou are not finishing | olbitdirmeydihe is not finishing | bizbitdirmeybizwe are not finishing | sizbitdirmeysizyou all are not finishing | alabitdirmeydilethey are not finishing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitdirememi? bitdiremime?am I finishing? | senbitdiremise?are you finishing? | olbitdiremidi?is he finishing? | bizbitdirebizmi? bitdiremibiz?are we finishing? | sizbitdiremisiz?are you all finishing? | alabitdiremidile?are they finishing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbitdirmeymemi? bitdirmeymime?aren't I finishing? | senbitdirmeymise?aren't you finishing? | olbitdirmeymidi?isn't he finishing? | bizbitdirmeybizmi? bitdirmeymibiz?aren't we finishing? | sizbitdirmeymisiz?aren't you all finishing? | alabitdirmeymidile?aren't they finishing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitdiriwçenmeI usually finish | senbitdiriwçenseyou usually finish | olbitdiriwçendihe usually finishes | bizbitdiriwçenbizwe usually finish | sizbitdiriwçensizyou all usually finish | alabitdiriwçendilethey usually finish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitdirmewçenmeI usually don't finish | senbitdirmewçenseyou usually don't finish | olbitdirmewçendihe usually doesn't finish | bizbitdirmewçenbizwe usually don't finish | sizbitdirmewçensizyou all usually don't finish | alabitdirmewçendilethey usually don't finish |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitdiriwçenmemi? bitdiriwçenmime?do I usually finish? | senbitdiriwçenmise?do you usually finish? | olbitdiriwçenmidi?does he usually finish? | bizbitdiriwçenbizmi? bitdiriwçenmibiz?do we usually finish? | sizbitdiriwçenmisiz?do you all usually finish? | alabitdiriwçenmidile?do they usually finish? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbitdirmewçenmemi? bitdirmewçenmime?do I usually not finish? | senbitdirmewçenmise?do you usually not finish? | olbitdirmewçenmidi?does he usually not finish? | bizbitdirmewçenbizmi? bitdirmewçenmibiz?do we usually not finish? | sizbitdirmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not finish? | alabitdirmewçenmidile?do they usually not finish? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbitdiribdihe has finished and remains so | alabitdiribdilethey have finished and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbitdiribmidi?has he finished? | alabitdiribmidile?have they finished? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitdirib turamaI keep finishing | senbitdirib turasayou keep finishing | olbitdirib turadıhe keeps finishing | bizbitdirib turabızwe keep finishing | sizbitdirib turasızyou all keep finishing | alabitdirib turadılathey keep finishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitdirib turmaymaI don't keep finishing | senbitdirib turmaysayou don't keep finishing | olbitdirib turmaydıhe doesn't keep finishing | bizbitdirib turmaybızwe don't keep finishing | sizbitdirib turmaysızyou all don't keep finishing | alabitdirib turmaydılathey don't keep finishing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitdirib turamamı? bitdirib turamıma?do I keep finishing? | senbitdirib turamısa?do you keep finishing? | olbitdirib turamıdı?does he keep finishing? | bizbitdirib turabızmı? bitdirib turamıbız?do we keep finishing? | sizbitdirib turamısız?do you all keep finishing? | alabitdirib turamıdıla?do they keep finishing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbitdirib turmaymamı? bitdirib turmaymıma?don't I keep finishing? | senbitdirib turmaymısa?don't you keep finishing? | olbitdirib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep finishing? | bizbitdirib turmaybızmı? bitdirib turmaymıbız?don't we keep finishing? | sizbitdirib turmaymısız?don't you all keep finishing? | alabitdirib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep finishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbitdire turamaI am in the middle of finishing | senbitdire turasayou are in the middle of finishing | olbitdire turadıhe is in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire turabızwe are in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire turasızyou all are in the middle of finishing | alabitdire turadılathey are in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbitdire turmaymaI am not in the middle of finishing | senbitdire turmaysayou are not in the middle of finishing | olbitdire turmaydıhe is not in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire turmaybızwe are not in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of finishing | alabitdire turmaydılathey are not in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbitdire turamamı? bitdire turamıma?am I in the middle of finishing? | senbitdire turamısa?are you in the middle of finishing? | olbitdire turamıdı?is he in the middle of finishing? | bizbitdire turabızmı? bitdire turamıbız?are we in the middle of finishing? | sizbitdire turamısız?are you all in the middle of finishing? | alabitdire turamıdıla?are they in the middle of finishing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbitdire turmaymamı? bitdire turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of finishing? | senbitdire turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of finishing? | olbitdire turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of finishing? | bizbitdire turmaybızmı? bitdire turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of finishing? | sizbitdire turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of finishing? | alabitdire turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of finishing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdirdimI finished | senbitdirdiŋyou finished | olbitdirdihe finished | bizbitdirdikwe finished | sizbitdirdigizyou all finished | alabitdirdilethey finished |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdirmedimI didn't finish | senbitdirmediŋyou didn't finish | olbitdirmedihe didn't finish | bizbitdirmedikwe didn't finish | sizbitdirmedigizyou all didn't finish | alabitdirmedilethey didn't finish |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdirdimmi?did I finish? | senbitdirdiŋmi?did you finish? | olbitdirdimi?did he finish? | bizbitdirdikmi?did we finish? | sizbitdirdigizmi?did you all finish? | alabitdirdilemi?did they finish? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbitdirmedimmi?didn't I finish? | senbitdirmediŋmi?didn't you finish? | olbitdirmedimi?didn't he finish? | bizbitdirmedikmi?didn't we finish? | sizbitdirmedigizmi?didn't you all finish? | alabitdirmedilemi?didn't they finish? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitdirgenmeI have finished | senbitdirgenseyou have finished | olbitdirgendihe has finished | bizbitdirgenbizwe have finished | sizbitdirgensizyou all have finished | alabitdirgendilethey have finished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitdirmegenmeI haven't finished | senbitdirmegenseyou haven't finished | olbitdirmegendihe hasn't finished | bizbitdirmegenbizwe haven't finished | sizbitdirmegensizyou all haven't finished | alabitdirmegendilethey haven't finished |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitdirgenmemi? bitdirgenmime?have I finished? | senbitdirgenmise?have you finished? | olbitdirgenmidi?has he finished? | bizbitdirgenbizmi? bitdirgenmibiz?have we finished? | sizbitdirgenmisiz?have you all finished? | alabitdirgenmidile?have they finished? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbitdirmegenmemi? bitdirmegenmime?haven't I finished? | senbitdirmegenmise?haven't you finished? | olbitdirmegenmidi?hasn't he finished? | bizbitdirmegenbizmi? bitdirmegenmibiz?haven't we finished? | sizbitdirmegenmisiz?haven't you all finished? | alabitdirmegenmidile?haven't they finished? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbitdirib turdumI kept finishing | senbitdirib turduŋyou kept finishing | olbitdirib turduhe kept finishing | bizbitdirib turduqwe kept finishing | sizbitdirib turduğuzyou all kept finishing | alabitdirib turdulathey kept finishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbitdirib turmadımI didn't keep finishing | senbitdirib turmadıŋyou didn't keep finishing | olbitdirib turmadıhe didn't keep finishing | bizbitdirib turmadıqwe didn't keep finishing | sizbitdirib turmadığızyou all didn't keep finishing | alabitdirib turmadılathey didn't keep finishing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitdirirmeI will finish | senbitdirirseyou will finish | olbitdirirhe will finish | bizbitdirirbizwe will finish | sizbitdirirsizyou all will finish | alabitdirirlethey will finish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitdirmezmeI won't finish | senbitdirmezseyou won't finish | olbitdirmezhe won't finish | bizbitdirmezbizwe won't finish | sizbitdirmezsizyou all won't finish | alabitdirmezlethey won't finish |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitdirirmemi? bitdirirmime?will I finish? | senbitdirirmise?will you finish? | olbitdirirmi?will he finish? | bizbitdirirbizmi? bitdirirmibiz?will we finish? | sizbitdirirmisiz?will you all finish? | alabitdirirlemi? bitdirirmile?will they finish? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbitdirmezmemi? bitdirmezmime?won't I finish? | senbitdirmezmise?won't you finish? | olbitdirmezmi?won't he finish? | bizbitdirmezbizmi? bitdirmezmibiz?won't we finish? | sizbitdirmezmisiz?won't you all finish? | alabitdirmezlemi? bitdirmezmile?won't they finish? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbitdirlikme1bitdirrikmeI am going to finish | senbitdirlikse1bitdirrikseyou are going to finish | olbitdirlikdi1bitdirrikdihe is going to finish | bizbitdirlikbiz1bitdirrikbizwe are going to finish | sizbitdirliksiz1bitdirriksizyou all are going to finish | alabitdirlikdile1bitdirrikdilethey are going to finish |
| Definite future (future II) | menbitdirlik tülme1bitdirrik tülmeI am not going to finish | senbitdirlik tülse1bitdirrik tülseyou are not going to finish | olbitdirlik tüldü1bitdirrik tüldühe is not going to finish | bizbitdirlik tülbüz1bitdirrik tülbüzwe are not going to finish | sizbitdirlik tülsüz1bitdirrik tülsüzyou all are not going to finish | alabitdirlik tüldüle1bitdirrik tüldülethey are not going to finish |
| Definite future (future II) | menbitdirlikmemi?1 bitdirlikmime?bitdirrikmemi?am I going to finish? | senbitdirlikmise?1bitdirrikmise?are you going to finish? | olbitdirlikmidi?1bitdirrikmidi?is he going to finish? | bizbitdirlikbizmi?1 bitdirlikmibiz?bitdirrikbizmi?are we going to finish? | sizbitdirlikmisiz?1bitdirrikmisiz?are you all going to finish? | alabitdirlikmidile?1bitdirrikmidile?are they going to finish? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbitdirlik tülmüme?1bitdirrik tülmüme?aren't I going to finish? | senbitdirlik tülmüse?1bitdirrik tülmüse?aren't you going to finish? | olbitdirlik tülmüdü?1bitdirrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to finish? | bizbitdirlik tülmübüz?1bitdirrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to finish? | sizbitdirlik tülmüsüz?1bitdirrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to finish? | alabitdirlik tülmüdüle?1bitdirrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to finish? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bitdirrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbitdirgen edimbitdirgenemI had finished | senbitdirgen ediŋbitdirgeneŋyou had finished | olbitdirgen edibitdirgenedhe had finished | bizbitdirgen edikbitdirgenekwe had finished | sizbitdirgen edigizbitdirgenegizyou all had finished | alabitdirgen edilebitdirgenellethey had finished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbitdirmegen edimbitdirmegenemI hadn't finished | senbitdirmegen ediŋbitdirmegeneŋyou hadn't finished | olbitdirmegen edibitdirmegenedhe hadn't finished | bizbitdirmegen edikbitdirmegenekwe hadn't finished | sizbitdirmegen edigizbitdirmegenegizyou all hadn't finished | alabitdirmegen edilebitdirmegenellethey hadn't finished |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbitdire edimbitdiremI was finishing | senbitdire ediŋbitdireŋyou were finishing | olbitdire edibitdiredhe was finishing | bizbitdire edikbitdirekwe were finishing | sizbitdire edigizbitdiregizyou all were finishing | alabitdire edilebitdirellethey were finishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbitdirmey edimbitdirmeyemI wasn't finishing | senbitdirmey ediŋbitdirmeyeŋyou weren't finishing | olbitdirmey edibitdirmeyedhe wasn't finishing | bizbitdirmey edikbitdirmeyekwe weren't finishing | sizbitdirmey edigizbitdirmeyegizyou all weren't finishing | alabitdirmey edilebitdirmeyellethey weren't finishing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbitdiriwçen edimbitdiriwçenemI used to finish | senbitdiriwçen ediŋbitdiriwçeneŋyou used to finish | olbitdiriwçen edibitdiriwçenedhe used to finish | bizbitdiriwçen edikbitdiriwçenekwe used to finish | sizbitdiriwçen edigizbitdiriwçenegizyou all used to finish | alabitdiriwçen edilebitdiriwçenellethey used to finish |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbitdirmewçen edimbitdirmewçenemI didn't use to finish | senbitdirmewçen ediŋbitdirmewçeneŋyou didn't use to finish | olbitdirmewçen edibitdirmewçenedhe didn't use to finish | bizbitdirmewçen edikbitdirmewçenekwe didn't use to finish | sizbitdirmewçen edigizbitdirmewçenegizyou all didn't use to finish | alabitdirmewçen edilebitdirmewçenellethey didn't use to finish |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbitdirib edihe had finished and remained so | alabitdirib edilethey had finished and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbitdirib tül edihe hadn't finished | alabitdirib tül edilethey hadn't finished | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbitdirib tura edimbitdirib turaemI had kept finishing | senbitdirib tura ediŋbitdirib turaeŋyou had kept finishing | olbitdirib tura edibitdirib turaedhe had kept finishing | bizbitdirib tura edikbitdirib turaekwe had kept finishing | sizbitdirib tura edigizbitdirib turaegizyou all had kept finishing | alabitdirib tura edilebitdirib turaellethey had kept finishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbitdirib turmay edimbitdirib turmayemI hadn't kept finishing | senbitdirib turmay ediŋbitdirib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept finishing | olbitdirib turmay edibitdirib turmayedhe hadn't kept finishing | bizbitdirib turmay edikbitdirib turmayekwe hadn't kept finishing | sizbitdirib turmay edigizbitdirib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept finishing | alabitdirib turmay edilebitdirib turmayellethey hadn't kept finishing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbitdire tura edimbitdire turaemI was in the middle of finishing | senbitdire tura ediŋbitdire turaeŋyou were in the middle of finishing | olbitdire tura edibitdire turaedhe was in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire tura edikbitdire turaekwe were in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire tura edigizbitdire turaegizyou all were in the middle of finishing | alabitdire tura edilebitdire turaellethey were in the middle of finishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbitdire turmay edimbitdire turmayemI wasn't in the middle of finishing | senbitdire turmay ediŋbitdire turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of finishing | olbitdire turmay edibitdire turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire turmay edikbitdire turmayekwe weren't in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire turmay edigizbitdire turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of finishing | alabitdire turmay edilebitdire turmayellethey weren't in the middle of finishing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbitdirir edimbitdirir emI would finish | senbitdirir ediŋbitdirir eŋyou would finish | olbitdirir edibitdirir edhe would finish | bizbitdirir edikbitdirir ekwe would finish | sizbitdirir edigizbitdirir egizyou all would finish | alabitdirir edilebitdirir ellethey would finish |
| Conditional result (would) | menbitdirmez edimbitdirmez emI wouldn't finish | senbitdirmez ediŋbitdirmez eŋyou wouldn't finish | olbitdirmez edibitdirmez edhe wouldn't finish | bizbitdirmez edikbitdirmez ekwe wouldn't finish | sizbitdirmez edigizbitdirmez egizyou all wouldn't finish | alabitdirmez edilebitdirmez ellethey wouldn't finish |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbitdirlik edim2bitdirlik embitdirrik edimI would have finished | senbitdirlik ediŋ2bitdirlik eŋbitdirrik ediŋyou would have finished | olbitdirlik edi2bitdirlik edbitdirrik edihe would have finished | bizbitdirlik edik2bitdirlik ekbitdirrik edikwe would have finished | sizbitdirlik edigiz2bitdirlik egizbitdirrik edigizyou all would have finished | alabitdirlik edile2bitdirlik ellebitdirrik edilethey would have finished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbitdirlik tül edim2bitdirlik tül embitdirrik tül edimI wouldn't have finished | senbitdirlik tül ediŋ2bitdirlik tül eŋbitdirrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have finished | olbitdirlik tül edi2bitdirlik tül edbitdirrik tül edihe wouldn't have finished | bizbitdirlik tül edik2bitdirlik tül ekbitdirrik tül edikwe wouldn't have finished | sizbitdirlik tül edigiz2bitdirlik tül egizbitdirrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have finished | alabitdirlik tül edile2bitdirlik tül ellebitdirrik tül edilethey wouldn't have finished |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bitdirrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbitdirsemif I finish | senbitdirseŋif you finish | olbitdirseif he finishes | bizbitdirsekif we finish | sizbitdirsegizif you all finish | alabitdirseleif they finish |
| Conditional | menbitdirmesemif I don't finish | senbitdirmeseŋif you don't finish | olbitdirmeseif he doesn't finish | bizbitdirmesekif we don't finish | sizbitdirmesegizif you all don't finish | alabitdirmeseleif they don't finish |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbitdire esemif I am finishing | senbitdire eseŋif you are finishing | olbitdire eseif he is finishing | bizbitdire esekif we are finishing | sizbitdire esegizif you all are finishing | alabitdire eseleif they are finishing |
| Conditional, present real | menbitdirmey esemif I am not finishing | senbitdirmey eseŋif you are not finishing | olbitdirmey eseif he is not finishing | bizbitdirmey esekif we are not finishing | sizbitdirmey esegizif you all are not finishing | alabitdirmey eseleif they are not finishing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbitdirsem edibitdirsem edif only I finished | senbitdirseŋ edibitdirseŋ edif only you finished | olbitdirse edibitdirsedif only he finished | bizbitdirsek edibitdirsek edif only we finished | sizbitdirsegiz edibitdirsegiz edif only you all finished | alabitdirsele edibitdirseledif only they finished |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbitdirmesem edibitdirmesem edif only I didn't finish | senbitdirmeseŋ edibitdirmeseŋ edif only you didn't finish | olbitdirmese edibitdirmesedif only he didn't finish | bizbitdirmesek edibitdirmesek edif only we didn't finish | sizbitdirmesegiz edibitdirmesegiz edif only you all didn't finish | alabitdirmesele edibitdirmeseledif only they didn't finish |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbitdirib tursamif I carry on finishing | senbitdirib tursaŋif you carry on finishing | olbitdirib tursaif he carries on finishing | bizbitdirib tursaqif we carry on finishing | sizbitdirib tursağızif you all carry on finishing | alabitdirib tursalaif they carry on finishing |
| Durative conditional | menbitdirib turmasamif I don't carry on finishing | senbitdirib turmasaŋif you don't carry on finishing | olbitdirib turmasaif he doesn't carry on finishing | bizbitdirib turmasaqif we don't carry on finishing | sizbitdirib turmasağızif you all don't carry on finishing | alabitdirib turmasalaif they don't carry on finishing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbitdirib tura esemif I have kept finishing | senbitdirib tura eseŋif you have kept finishing | olbitdirib tura eseif he has kept finishing | bizbitdirib tura esekif we have kept finishing | sizbitdirib tura esegizif you all have kept finishing | alabitdirib tura eseleif they have kept finishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbitdirib turmay esemif I haven't kept finishing | senbitdirib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept finishing | olbitdirib turmay eseif he hasn't kept finishing | bizbitdirib turmay esekif we haven't kept finishing | sizbitdirib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept finishing | alabitdirib turmay eseleif they haven't kept finishing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbitdire tursamif I keep finishing | senbitdire tursaŋif you keep finishing | olbitdire tursaif he keeps finishing | bizbitdire tursaqif we keep finishing | sizbitdire tursağızif you all keep finishing | alabitdire tursalaif they keep finishing |
| Progressive conditional | menbitdirmey tursamif I keep on not finishing | senbitdirmey tursaŋif you keep on not finishing | olbitdirmey tursaif he keeps on not finishing | bizbitdirmey tursaqif we keep on not finishing | sizbitdirmey tursağızif you all keep on not finishing | alabitdirmey tursalaif they keep on not finishing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbitdire tura esemif I am in the middle of finishing | senbitdire tura eseŋif you are in the middle of finishing | olbitdire tura eseif he is in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire tura esekif we are in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire tura esegizif you all are in the middle of finishing | alabitdire tura eseleif they are in the middle of finishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbitdirmey tura esemif I keep on not finishing | senbitdirmey tura eseŋif you keep on not finishing | olbitdirmey tura eseif he keeps on not finishing | bizbitdirmey tura esekif we keep on not finishing | sizbitdirmey tura esegizif you all keep on not finishing | alabitdirmey tura eseleif they keep on not finishing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbitdirdim esemif I finished | senbitdirdiŋ eseŋif you finished | olbitdirdi eseif he finished | bizbitdirdik esekif we finished | sizbitdirdigiz esegizif you all finished | alabitdirdile eseleif they finished |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menbitdirmedim esemif I didn't finish | senbitdirmediŋ eseŋif you didn't finish | olbitdirmedi eseif he didn't finish | bizbitdirmedik esekif we didn't finish | sizbitdirmedigiz esegizif you all didn't finish | alabitdirmedile eseleif they didn't finish |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbitdirgen esemif I did finish (indeed) | senbitdirgen eseŋif you did finish (indeed) | olbitdirgen eseif he did finish (indeed) | bizbitdirgen esekif we did finish (indeed) | sizbitdirgen esegizif you all did finish (indeed) | alabitdirgen eseleif they did finish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbitdirmegen esemif I didn't finish (indeed) | senbitdirmegen eseŋif you didn't finish (indeed) | olbitdirmegen eseif he didn't finish (indeed) | bizbitdirmegen esekif we didn't finish (indeed) | sizbitdirmegen esegizif you all didn't finish (indeed) | alabitdirmegen eseleif they didn't finish (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbitdirgen bolsamif I had finished | senbitdirgen bolsaŋif you had finished | olbitdirgen bolsaif he had finished | bizbitdirgen bolsaqif we had finished | sizbitdirgen bolsağızif you all had finished | alabitdirgen bolsalaif they had finished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbitdirmegen bolsamif I hadn't finished | senbitdirmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't finished | olbitdirmegen bolsaif he hadn't finished | bizbitdirmegen bolsaqif we hadn't finished | sizbitdirmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't finished | alabitdirmegen bolsalaif they hadn't finished |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbitdirgen bolsam edibitdirgen bolsam edif only I had finished | senbitdirgen bolsaŋ edibitdirgen bolsaŋ edif only you had finished | olbitdirgen bolsa edibitdirgen bolsaedif only he had finished | bizbitdirgen bolsaq edibitdirgen bolsaq edif only we had finished | sizbitdirgen bolsağız edibitdirgen bolsağız edif only you all had finished | alabitdirgen bolsala edibitdirgen bolsalaedif only they had finished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbitdirmegen bolsam edibitdirmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't finished | senbitdirmegen bolsaŋ edibitdirmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't finished | olbitdirmegen bolsa edibitdirmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't finished | bizbitdirmegen bolsaq edibitdirmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't finished | sizbitdirmegen bolsağız edibitdirmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't finished | alabitdirmegen bolsala edibitdirmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't finished |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbitdirir esemif I will finish | senbitdirir eseŋif you will finish | olbitdirir eseif he will finish | bizbitdirir esekif we will finish | sizbitdirir esegizif you all will finish | alabitdirir eseleif they will finish |
| Conditional, aorist | menbitdirmez esemif I won't finish | senbitdirmez eseŋif you won't finish | olbitdirmez eseif he won't finish | bizbitdirmez esekif we won't finish | sizbitdirmez esegizif you all won't finish | alabitdirmez eseleif they won't finish |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbitdirlik esem4bitdirrik esemif I am going to finish | senbitdirlik eseŋ4bitdirrik eseŋif you are going to finish | olbitdirlik ese4bitdirrik eseif he is going to finish | bizbitdirlik esek4bitdirrik esekif we are going to finish | sizbitdirlik esegiz4bitdirrik esegizif you all are going to finish | alabitdirlik esele4bitdirrik eseleif they are going to finish |
| Conditional, future | menbitdirlik tül esem4bitdirrik tül esemif I am not going to finish | senbitdirlik tül eseŋ4bitdirrik tül eseŋif you are not going to finish | olbitdirlik tül ese4bitdirrik tül eseif he is not going to finish | bizbitdirlik tül esek4bitdirrik tül esekif we are not going to finish | sizbitdirlik tül esegiz4bitdirrik tül esegizif you all are not going to finish | alabitdirlik tül esele4bitdirrik tül eseleif they are not going to finish |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbitdirlik bolsam5bitdirrik bolsamif I were going to finish | senbitdirlik bolsaŋ5bitdirrik bolsaŋif you were going to finish | olbitdirlik bolsa5bitdirrik bolsaif he were going to finish | bizbitdirlik bolsaq5bitdirrik bolsaqif we were going to finish | sizbitdirlik bolsağız5bitdirrik bolsağızif you all were going to finish | alabitdirlik bolsala5bitdirrik bolsalaif they were going to finish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbitdirmezlik bolsamif I were not going to finish | senbitdirmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to finish | olbitdirmezlik bolsaif he were not going to finish | bizbitdirmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to finish | sizbitdirmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to finish | alabitdirmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to finish |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bitdirdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bitdirrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bitdirrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbitdire bolurmaI must be finishing | senbitdire bolursayou must be finishing | olbitdire bolurhe must be finishing | bizbitdire bolurbuzwe must be finishing | sizbitdire bolursuzyou all must be finishing | alabitdire bolurlathey must be finishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbitdirmey bolurmaI must not be finishing | senbitdirmey bolursayou must not be finishing | olbitdirmey bolurhe must not be finishing | bizbitdirmey bolurbuzwe must not be finishing | sizbitdirmey bolursuzyou all must not be finishing | alabitdirmey bolurlathey must not be finishing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbitdire tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of finishing | senbitdire tura bolursayou must be in the middle of finishing | olbitdire tura bolurhe must be in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of finishing | alabitdire tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of finishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbitdirmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not finishing | senbitdirmey tura bolursayou must keep on not finishing | olbitdirmey tura bolurhe must keep on not finishing | bizbitdirmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not finishing | sizbitdirmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not finishing | alabitdirmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not finishing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbitdirgen bolurmaI must have finished | senbitdirgen bolursayou must have finished | olbitdirgen bolurhe must have finished | bizbitdirgen bolurbuzwe must have finished | sizbitdirgen bolursuzyou all must have finished | alabitdirgen bolurlathey must have finished |
| Inference (must have) | menbitdirmegen bolurmaI must not have finished | senbitdirmegen bolursayou must not have finished | olbitdirmegen bolurhe must not have finished | bizbitdirmegen bolurbuzwe must not have finished | sizbitdirmegen bolursuzyou all must not have finished | alabitdirmegen bolurlathey must not have finished |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbitdirlik bolurma6bitdirrik bolurmaI must be going to finish | senbitdirlik bolursa6bitdirrik bolursayou must be going to finish | olbitdirlik bolur6bitdirrik bolurhe must be going to finish | bizbitdirlik bolurbuz6bitdirrik bolurbuzwe must be going to finish | sizbitdirlik bolursuz6bitdirrik bolursuzyou all must be going to finish | alabitdirlik bolurla6bitdirrik bolurlathey must be going to finish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbitdirmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to finish | senbitdirmezlik bolursayou must not be going to finish | olbitdirmezlik bolurhe must not be going to finish | bizbitdirmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to finish | sizbitdirmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to finish | alabitdirmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to finish |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so bitdirrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbitdireyimlet me finish | senbitdir!finish! | olbitdirsinlet him finish | bizbitdireyiklet's finish | sizbitdirigiz!finish, you all! | alabitdirsinlelet them finish |
| Commands & suggestions | menbitdirmeyimlet me not finish | senbitdirme!don't finish! | olbitdirmesinlet him not finish | bizbitdirmeyiklet's not finish | sizbitdirmegiz!don't finish, you all! | alabitdirmesinlelet them not finish |
| Commands & suggestions | menbitdireyimmi?shall I finish? | olbitdirsinmi?should he finish? | bizbitdireyikmi?shall we finish? | alabitdirsinlemi?should they finish? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbitdirmeyimmi?shall I not finish? | olbitdirmesinmi?should he not finish? | bizbitdirmeyikmi?shall we not finish? | alabitdirmesinlemi?should they not finish? | ||
| Requests | senbitdirçi7bitdirçinplease finish | olbitdirsinçido let him finish | sizbitdirçigizplease finish (plural/polite) | alabitdirsinleçido let them finish | ||
| Requests | senbitdirmeçi7bitdirmeçinplease don't finish | olbitdirmesinçido let him not finish | sizbitdirmeçigizplease don't finish (plural/polite) | alabitdirmesinleçido let them not finish | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbitdirginbitdirgimay you finish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbitdirmeginbitdirmegimay you not finish | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbitdirgey edim bitdirge edimwould that I finished | senbitdirgey ediŋ bitdirge ediŋwould that you finished | olbitdirgey edi bitdirge ediwould that he finished | bizbitdirgey edik bitdirge edikwould that we finished | sizbitdirgey edigiz bitdirge edigizwould that you all finished | alabitdirgey edile bitdirge edilewould that they finished |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbitdirmegey edim bitdirmege edimwould that I did not finish | senbitdirmegey ediŋ bitdirmege ediŋwould that you did not finish | olbitdirmegey edi bitdirmege ediwould that he did not finish | bizbitdirmegey edik bitdirmege edikwould that we did not finish | sizbitdirmegey edigiz bitdirmege edigizwould that you all did not finish | alabitdirmegey edile bitdirmege edilewould that they did not finish |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitdirmege qoyayımbitdirme qoyayımlet me allow someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoy!bitdirme qoy!let someone finish! | olbitdirmege qoysunbitdirme qoysunlet him allow someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoyayıqbitdirme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoyuğuz!bitdirme qoyuğuz!let someone finish, you all! | alabitdirmege qoysunlabitdirme qoysunlalet them allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitdirmege qoymayımbitdirme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoyma!bitdirme qoyma!don't let someone finish! | olbitdirmege qoymasınbitdirme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoymayıqbitdirme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoymağız!bitdirme qoymağız!don't let someone finish, you all! | alabitdirmege qoymasınlabitdirme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitdirmege qoyayımmı?bitdirme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoysunmu?bitdirme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoyayıqmı?bitdirme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoysunlamı?bitdirme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to finish? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbitdirmege qoymayımmı?bitdirme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoymasınmı?bitdirme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoymayıqmı?bitdirme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoymasınlamı?bitdirme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to finish? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbitdirmege qoyamabitdirme qoyamaI allow someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoyasabitdirme qoyasayou allow someone to finish | olbitdirmege qoyadıbitdirme qoyadıhe allows someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoyabızbitdirme qoyabızwe allow someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoyasızbitdirme qoyasızyou all allow someone to finish | alabitdirmege qoyadılabitdirme qoyadılathey allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitdirmege qoymaymabitdirme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoymaysabitdirme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to finish | olbitdirmege qoymaydıbitdirme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoymaybızbitdirme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoymaysızbitdirme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to finish | alabitdirmege qoymaydılabitdirme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitdirmege qoyamamı?bitdirme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to finish? | senbitdirmege qoyamısa?bitdirme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoyamıdı?bitdirme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoyabızmı?bitdirme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to finish? | sizbitdirmege qoyamısız?bitdirme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoyamıdıla?bitdirme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbitdirmege qoymaymamı?bitdirme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to finish? | senbitdirmege qoymaymısa?bitdirme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoymaymıdı?bitdirme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoymaybızmı?bitdirme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to finish? | sizbitdirmege qoymaymısız?bitdirme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoymaymıdıla?bitdirme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitdirmege qoydumbitdirme qoydumI allowed someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoyduŋbitdirme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to finish | olbitdirmege qoydubitdirme qoyduhe allowed someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoyduqbitdirme qoyduqwe allowed someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoyduğuzbitdirme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to finish | alabitdirmege qoydulabitdirme qoydulathey allowed someone to finish |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitdirmege qoymadımbitdirme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to finish | senbitdirmege qoymadıŋbitdirme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to finish | olbitdirmege qoymadıbitdirme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to finish | bizbitdirmege qoymadıqbitdirme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to finish | sizbitdirmege qoymadığızbitdirme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to finish | alabitdirmege qoymadılabitdirme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to finish |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitdirmege qoydummu?bitdirme qoydummu?did I allow someone to finish? | senbitdirmege qoyduŋmu?bitdirme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoydumu?bitdirme qoydumu?did he allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoyduqmu?bitdirme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to finish? | sizbitdirmege qoyduğuzmu?bitdirme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoydulamı?bitdirme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to finish? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbitdirmege qoymadımmı?bitdirme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to finish? | senbitdirmege qoymadıŋmı?bitdirme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to finish? | olbitdirmege qoymadımı?bitdirme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to finish? | bizbitdirmege qoymadıqmı?bitdirme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to finish? | sizbitdirmege qoymadığızmı?bitdirme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to finish? | alabitdirmege qoymadılamı?bitdirme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to finish? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbitdiralamaI can finish | senbitdiralasayou can finish | olbitdiraladıhe can finish | bizbitdiralabızwe can finish | sizbitdiralasızyou all can finish | alabitdiraladılathey can finish |
| Ability — present | menbitdiralmaymaI can't finish | senbitdiralmaysayou can't finish | olbitdiralmaydıhe can't finish | bizbitdiralmaybızwe can't finish | sizbitdiralmaysızyou all can't finish | alabitdiralmaydılathey can't finish |
| Ability — present | menbitdiralamamı? bitdiralamıma?can I finish? | senbitdiralamısa?can you finish? | olbitdiralamıdı?can he finish? | bizbitdiralabızmı? bitdiralamıbız?can we finish? | sizbitdiralamısız?can you all finish? | alabitdiralamıdıla?can they finish? |
| Ability — present | menbitdiralmaymamı? bitdiralmaymıma?can't I finish? | senbitdiralmaymısa?can't you finish? | olbitdiralmaymıdı?can't he finish? | bizbitdiralmaybızmı? bitdiralmaymıbız?can't we finish? | sizbitdiralmaymısız?can't you all finish? | alabitdiralmaymıdıla?can't they finish? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbitdiralsamif I can finish | senbitdiralsaŋif you can finish | olbitdiralsaif he can finish | bizbitdiralsaqif we can finish | sizbitdiralsağızif you all can finish | alabitdiralsalaif they can finish |
| Ability — if I can… | menbitdiralmasamif I can't finish | senbitdiralmasaŋif you can't finish | olbitdiralmasaif he can't finish | bizbitdiralmasaqif we can't finish | sizbitdiralmasağızif you all can't finish | alabitdiralmasalaif they can't finish |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbitdiraldımI was able to finish | senbitdiraldıŋyou were able to finish | olbitdiraldıhe was able to finish | bizbitdiraldıqwe were able to finish | sizbitdiraldığızyou all were able to finish | alabitdiraldılathey were able to finish |
| Ability — simple past | menbitdiralmadımI could not finish | senbitdiralmadıŋyou could not finish | olbitdiralmadıhe could not finish | bizbitdiralmadıqwe could not finish | sizbitdiralmadığızyou all could not finish | alabitdiralmadılathey could not finish |
| Ability — simple past | menbitdiraldımmı?was I able to finish? | senbitdiraldıŋmı?were you able to finish? | olbitdiraldımı?was he able to finish? | bizbitdiraldıqmı?were we able to finish? | sizbitdiraldığızmı?were you all able to finish? | alabitdiraldılamı?were they able to finish? |
| Ability — simple past | menbitdiralmadımmı?couldn't I finish? | senbitdiralmadıŋmı?couldn't you finish? | olbitdiralmadımı?couldn't he finish? | bizbitdiralmadıqmı?couldn't we finish? | sizbitdiralmadığızmı?couldn't you all finish? | alabitdiralmadılamı?couldn't they finish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitdiralğanmaI have been able to finish | senbitdiralğansayou have been able to finish | olbitdiralğandıhe has been able to finish | bizbitdiralğanbızwe have been able to finish | sizbitdiralğansızyou all have been able to finish | alabitdiralğandılathey have been able to finish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitdiralmağanmaI haven't been able to finish | senbitdiralmağansayou haven't been able to finish | olbitdiralmağandıhe hasn't been able to finish | bizbitdiralmağanbızwe haven't been able to finish | sizbitdiralmağansızyou all haven't been able to finish | alabitdiralmağandılathey haven't been able to finish |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitdiralğanmamı? bitdiralğanmıma?have I been able to finish? | senbitdiralğanmısa?have you been able to finish? | olbitdiralğanmıdı?has he been able to finish? | bizbitdiralğanbızmı? bitdiralğanmıbız?have we been able to finish? | sizbitdiralğanmısız?have you all been able to finish? | alabitdiralğanmıdıla?have they been able to finish? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbitdiralmağanmamı? bitdiralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to finish? | senbitdiralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to finish? | olbitdiralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to finish? | bizbitdiralmağanbızmı? bitdiralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to finish? | sizbitdiralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to finish? | alabitdiralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to finish? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbitdiralğan edimbitdiralğanemI had been able to finish | senbitdiralğan ediŋbitdiralğaneŋyou had been able to finish | olbitdiralğan edibitdiralğanedhe had been able to finish | bizbitdiralğan edikbitdiralğanekwe had been able to finish | sizbitdiralğan edigizbitdiralğanegizyou all had been able to finish | alabitdiralğan edilebitdiralğanellethey had been able to finish |
| Ability — past perfect | menbitdiralmağan edimbitdiralmağanemI hadn't been able to finish | senbitdiralmağan ediŋbitdiralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to finish | olbitdiralmağan edibitdiralmağanedhe hadn't been able to finish | bizbitdiralmağan edikbitdiralmağanekwe hadn't been able to finish | sizbitdiralmağan edigizbitdiralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to finish | alabitdiralmağan edilebitdiralmağanellethey hadn't been able to finish |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbitdirala edimbitdiralaemI could finish | senbitdirala ediŋbitdiralaeŋyou could finish | olbitdirala edibitdiralaedhe could finish | bizbitdirala edikbitdiralaekwe could finish | sizbitdirala edigizbitdiralaegizyou all could finish | alabitdirala edilebitdiralaellethey could finish |
| Ability — past background | menbitdiralmay edimbitdiralmayemI could not finish | senbitdiralmay ediŋbitdiralmayeŋyou could not finish | olbitdiralmay edibitdiralmayedhe could not finish | bizbitdiralmay edikbitdiralmayekwe could not finish | sizbitdiralmay edigizbitdiralmayegizyou all could not finish | alabitdiralmay edilebitdiralmayellethey could not finish |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbitdiralırmaI will be able to finish | senbitdiralırsayou will be able to finish | olbitdiralırhe will be able to finish | bizbitdiralırbızwe will be able to finish | sizbitdiralırsızyou all will be able to finish | alabitdiralırlathey will be able to finish |
| Ability — future I | menbitdiralmazmaI won't be able to finish | senbitdiralmazsayou won't be able to finish | olbitdiralmazhe won't be able to finish | bizbitdiralmazbızwe won't be able to finish | sizbitdiralmazsızyou all won't be able to finish | alabitdiralmazlathey won't be able to finish |
| Ability — future I | menbitdiralırmamı? bitdiralırmıma?will I be able to finish? | senbitdiralırmısa?will you be able to finish? | olbitdiralırmı?will he be able to finish? | bizbitdiralırbızmı? bitdiralırmıbız?will we be able to finish? | sizbitdiralırmısız?will you all be able to finish? | alabitdiralırlamı? bitdiralırmıla?will they be able to finish? |
| Ability — future I | menbitdiralmazmamı? bitdiralmazmıma?won't I be able to finish? | senbitdiralmazmısa?won't you be able to finish? | olbitdiralmazmı?won't he be able to finish? | bizbitdiralmazbızmı? bitdiralmazmıbız?won't we be able to finish? | sizbitdiralmazmısız?won't you all be able to finish? | alabitdiralmazlamı? bitdiralmazmıla?won't they be able to finish? |
| Ability — future II | menbitdirallıqmaI am going to be able to finish | senbitdirallıqsayou are going to be able to finish | olbitdirallıqdıhe is going to be able to finish | bizbitdirallıqbızwe are going to be able to finish | sizbitdirallıqsızyou all are going to be able to finish | alabitdirallıqdılathey are going to be able to finish |
| Ability — future II | menbitdirallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to finish | senbitdirallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to finish | olbitdirallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to finish | bizbitdirallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to finish | sizbitdirallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to finish | alabitdirallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to finish |
| Ability — future II | menbitdirallıqmamı? bitdirallıqmıma?am I going to be able to finish? | senbitdirallıqmısa?are you going to be able to finish? | olbitdirallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to finish? | bizbitdirallıqbızmı? bitdirallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to finish? | sizbitdirallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to finish? | alabitdirallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to finish? |
| Ability — future II | menbitdirallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to finish? | senbitdirallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to finish? | olbitdirallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to finish? | bizbitdirallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to finish? | sizbitdirallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to finish? | alabitdirallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to finish? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbitdiralır edimbitdiralır emI would be able to finish | senbitdiralır ediŋbitdiralır eŋyou would be able to finish | olbitdiralır edibitdiralır edhe would be able to finish | bizbitdiralır edikbitdiralır ekwe would be able to finish | sizbitdiralır edigizbitdiralır egizyou all would be able to finish | alabitdiralır edilebitdiralır ellethey would be able to finish |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbitdiralmaz edimbitdiralmaz emI wouldn't be able to finish | senbitdiralmaz ediŋbitdiralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to finish | olbitdiralmaz edibitdiralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to finish | bizbitdiralmaz edikbitdiralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to finish | sizbitdiralmaz edigizbitdiralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to finish | alabitdiralmaz edilebitdiralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to finish |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbitdiralğınbitdiralğımay you be able to finish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbitdiralmağınbitdiralmağımay you not be able to finish | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbitdirirge izleymeI want to finish | senbitdirirge izleyseyou want to finish | olbitdirirge izleydihe wants to finish | bizbitdirirge izleybizwe want to finish | sizbitdirirge izleysizyou all want to finish | alabitdirirge izleydilethey want to finish |
| want to | menbitdirirge izlemeymeI do not want to finish | senbitdirirge izlemeyseyou do not want to finish | olbitdirirge izlemeydihe does not want to finish | bizbitdirirge izlemeybizwe do not want to finish | sizbitdirirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to finish | alabitdirirge izlemeydilethey do not want to finish |
| would like to | menbitdirirge süemeI would like to finish | senbitdirirge süeseyou would like to finish | olbitdirirge süedihe would like to finish | bizbitdirirge süebizwe would like to finish | sizbitdirirge süesizyou all would like to finish | alabitdirirge süedilethey would like to finish |
| would like to | menbitdirirge süymeymeI would not like to finish | senbitdirirge süymeyseyou would not like to finish | olbitdirirge süymeydihe would not like to finish | bizbitdirirge süymeybizwe would not like to finish | sizbitdirirge süymeysizyou all would not like to finish | alabitdirirge süymeydilethey would not like to finish |
| hope to | menbitdirirge umutlanamaI hope to finish | senbitdirirge umutlanasayou hope to finish | olbitdirirge umutlanadıhe hopes to finish | bizbitdirirge umutlanabızwe hope to finish | sizbitdirirge umutlanasızyou all hope to finish | alabitdirirge umutlanadılathey hope to finish |
| hope to | menbitdirirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to finish | senbitdirirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to finish | olbitdirirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to finish | bizbitdirirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to finish | sizbitdirirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to finish | alabitdirirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to finish |
| be about to | menbitdirirge deb turamaI am about to finish | senbitdirirge deb turasayou are about to finish | olbitdirirge deb turadıhe is about to finish | bizbitdirirge deb turabızwe are about to finish | sizbitdirirge deb turasızyou all are about to finish | alabitdirirge deb turadılathey are about to finish |
| be about to | menbitdirirge deb turmaymaI am not about to finish | senbitdirirge deb turmaysayou are not about to finish | olbitdirirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to finish | bizbitdirirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to finish | sizbitdirirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to finish | alabitdirirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to finish |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbitdirirge kerekmeI need to finish | senbitdirirge kerekseyou need to finish | olbitdirirge kerekdihe needs to finish | bizbitdirirge kerekbizwe need to finish | sizbitdirirge kereksizyou all need to finish | alabitdirirge kerekdilethey need to finish |
| need to | menbitdirirge kerek tülmeI do not need to finish | senbitdirirge kerek tülseyou do not need to finish | olbitdirirge kerek tüldühe does not need to finish | bizbitdirirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to finish | sizbitdirirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to finish | alabitdirirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to finish |
| have to | menmenŋe bitdirirge tüşediI have to finish | sensenŋe bitdirirge tüşediyou have to finish | olaŋa bitdirirge tüşedihe has to finish | bizbizge bitdirirge tüşediwe have to finish | sizsizge bitdirirge tüşediyou all have to finish | alaalağa bitdirirge tüşedithey have to finish |
| have to | menmenŋe bitdirirge tüşmeydiI do not have to finish | sensenŋe bitdirirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to finish | olaŋa bitdirirge tüşmeydihe does not have to finish | bizbizge bitdirirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to finish | sizsizge bitdirirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to finish | alaalağa bitdirirge tüşmeydithey do not have to finish |
| be obliged to | menbitdirirge borçlumaI am obliged to finish | senbitdirirge borçlusayou are obliged to finish | olbitdirirge borçluduhe is obliged to finish | bizbitdirirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to finish | sizbitdirirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to finish | alabitdirirge borçludulathey are obliged to finish |
| be obliged to | menbitdirirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to finish | senbitdirirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to finish | olbitdirirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to finish | bizbitdirirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to finish | sizbitdirirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to finish | alabitdirirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to finish |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbitdirirge madarım bardıI have a way to finish | senbitdirirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to finish | olbitdirirge madarı bardıhe has a way to finish | bizbitdirirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to finish | sizbitdirirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to finish | alabitdirirge madarları bardıthey have a way to finish |
| have a way to | menbitdirirge madarım joqduI have no way to finish | senbitdirirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to finish | olbitdirirge madarı joqduhe has no way to finish | bizbitdirirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to finish | sizbitdirirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to finish | alabitdirirge madarları joqduthey have no way to finish |
| be free to | menbitdirirge erkinligim bardıI am free to finish | senbitdirirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to finish | olbitdirirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to finish | bizbitdirirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to finish | sizbitdirirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to finish | alabitdirirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to finish |
| be free to | menbitdirirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to finish | senbitdirirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to finish | olbitdirirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to finish | bizbitdirirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to finish | sizbitdirirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to finish | alabitdirirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to finish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for me to finish | sensenŋe bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for you to finish | olaŋa bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for him to finish | bizbizge bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for us to finish | sizsizge bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to finish | alaalağa bitdirirge bolluqduit is possible for them to finish |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to finish | sensenŋe bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to finish | olaŋa bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to finish | bizbizge bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to finish | sizsizge bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to finish | alaalağa bitdirirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to finish |
| be ready to | menbitdirirge hazırmaI am ready to finish | senbitdirirge hazırsayou are ready to finish | olbitdirirge hazırdıhe is ready to finish | bizbitdirirge hazırbızwe are ready to finish | sizbitdirirge hazırsızyou all are ready to finish | alabitdirirge hazırdılathey are ready to finish |
| be ready to | menbitdirirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to finish | senbitdirirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to finish | olbitdirirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to finish | bizbitdirirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to finish | sizbitdirirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to finish | alabitdirirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to finish |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbitdirirge küreşemeI am trying to finish | senbitdirirge küreşeseyou are trying to finish | olbitdirirge küreşedihe is trying to finish | bizbitdirirge küreşebizwe are trying to finish | sizbitdirirge küreşesizyou all are trying to finish | alabitdirirge küreşedilethey are trying to finish |
| try to | menbitdirirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to finish | senbitdirirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to finish | olbitdirirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to finish | bizbitdirirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to finish | sizbitdirirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to finish | alabitdirirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to finish |
| agree to | menbitdirirge unaymaI agree to finish | senbitdirirge unaysayou agree to finish | olbitdirirge unaydıhe agrees to finish | bizbitdirirge unaybızwe agree to finish | sizbitdirirge unaysızyou all agree to finish | alabitdirirge unaydılathey agree to finish |
| agree to | menbitdirirge unamaymaI refuse to finish | senbitdirirge unamaysayou refuse to finish | olbitdirirge unamaydıhe refuses to finish | bizbitdirirge unamaybızwe refuse to finish | sizbitdirirge unamaysızyou all refuse to finish | alabitdirirge unamaydılathey refuse to finish |
| hurry to | menbitdirirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to finish | senbitdirirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to finish | olbitdirirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to finish | bizbitdirirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to finish | sizbitdirirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to finish | alabitdirirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to finish |
| hurry to | menbitdirirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to finish | senbitdirirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to finish | olbitdirirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to finish | bizbitdirirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to finish | sizbitdirirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to finish | alabitdirirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to finish |
| be afraid to | menbitdirirge qorqamaI am afraid to finish | senbitdirirge qorqasayou are afraid to finish | olbitdirirge qorqadıhe is afraid to finish | bizbitdirirge qorqabızwe are afraid to finish | sizbitdirirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to finish | alabitdirirge qorqadılathey are afraid to finish |
| be afraid to | menbitdirirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to finish | senbitdirirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to finish | olbitdirirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to finish | bizbitdirirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to finish | sizbitdirirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to finish | alabitdirirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to finish |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbitdire bolmazmaI can't be finishing | senbitdire bolmazsayou can't be finishing | olbitdire bolmazhe can't be finishing | bizbitdire bolmazbızwe can't be finishing | sizbitdire bolmazsızyou all can't be finishing | alabitdire bolmazlathey can't be finishing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbitdirmey bolmazmaI must be finishing (emphatic) | senbitdirmey bolmazsayou must be finishing (emphatic) | olbitdirmey bolmazhe must be finishing (emphatic) | bizbitdirmey bolmazbızwe must be finishing (emphatic) | sizbitdirmey bolmazsızyou all must be finishing (emphatic) | alabitdirmey bolmazlathey must be finishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbitdire turmasamif I don't keep finishing | senbitdire turmasaŋif you don't keep finishing | olbitdire turmasaif he doesn't keep finishing | bizbitdire turmasaqif we don't keep finishing | sizbitdire turmasağızif you all don't keep finishing | alabitdire turmasalaif they don't keep finishing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbitdire tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of finishing | senbitdire tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of finishing | olbitdire tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of finishing | bizbitdire tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of finishing | sizbitdire tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of finishing | alabitdire tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of finishing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbitdirmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | senbitdirmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | olbitdirmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | bizbitdirmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | sizbitdirmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not finishing (emphatic) | alabitdirmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not finishing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbitdirmey turamaI keep on not finishing | senbitdirmey turasayou keep on not finishing | olbitdirmey turadıhe keeps on not finishing | bizbitdirmey turabızwe keep on not finishing | sizbitdirmey turasızyou all keep on not finishing | alabitdirmey turadılathey keep on not finishing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbitdirmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not finishing | senbitdirmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not finishing | olbitdirmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not finishing | bizbitdirmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not finishing | sizbitdirmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not finishing | alabitdirmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not finishing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbitdirmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not finishing? | senbitdirmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not finishing? | olbitdirmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not finishing? | bizbitdirmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not finishing? | sizbitdirmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not finishing? | alabitdirmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not finishing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbitdirgen bolmazmaI can't have finished | senbitdirgen bolmazsayou can't have finished | olbitdirgen bolmazhe can't have finished | bizbitdirgen bolmazbızwe can't have finished | sizbitdirgen bolmazsızyou all can't have finished | alabitdirgen bolmazlathey can't have finished |
| Inference — double negation | menbitdirmegen bolmazmaI must have finished (emphatic) | senbitdirmegen bolmazsayou must have finished (emphatic) | olbitdirmegen bolmazhe must have finished (emphatic) | bizbitdirmegen bolmazbızwe must have finished (emphatic) | sizbitdirmegen bolmazsızyou all must have finished (emphatic) | alabitdirmegen bolmazlathey must have finished (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbitdirgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had finished | senbitdirgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had finished | olbitdirgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had finished | bizbitdirgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had finished | sizbitdirgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had finished | alabitdirgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had finished |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbitdirmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't finished | senbitdirmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't finished | olbitdirmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't finished | bizbitdirmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't finished | sizbitdirmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't finished | alabitdirmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't finished |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbitdirlik bolmazmaI can't be going to finish | senbitdirlik bolmazsayou can't be going to finish | olbitdirlik bolmazhe can't be going to finish | bizbitdirlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to finish | sizbitdirlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to finish | alabitdirlik bolmazlathey can't be going to finish |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbitdirmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to finish (emphatic) | senbitdirmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to finish (emphatic) | olbitdirmezlik bolmazhe must be going to finish (emphatic) | bizbitdirmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to finish (emphatic) | sizbitdirmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to finish (emphatic) | alabitdirmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to finish (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbitdirlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to finish | senbitdirlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to finish | olbitdirlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to finish | bizbitdirlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to finish | sizbitdirlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to finish | alabitdirlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to finish |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbitdirmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to finish | senbitdirmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to finish | olbitdirmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to finish | bizbitdirmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to finish | sizbitdirmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to finish | alabitdirmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to finish |