bilerge
/bilerɡe/
1. sharpen, whet, hone
- bıçaqnı bilerge — to sharpen the knife
- qamanı bilerge — to hone the dagger
- bilew bla bilerge — to sharpen on a whetstone
- qayraq bla bilerge — to sharpen on a hone
- bileb jiti eterge — to make sharp by whetting
- bıçaqnı biledim — I sharpened the knife
- atam qamanı bilerge başladı — my father began to sharpen the dagger
- usta baltanı bilew bla bileydi — the craftsman sharpens the axe on a whetstone
- menŋe bu bıçaqnı bilerge kerekdi — I need to sharpen this knife
2. set someone on, egg on, stir someone up against another, incite — The person who is stirred up stands in the accusative and the one they are set against takes the dative.
- birin birine bileb uruşdururğa — to set them on one another and make them fight
- birin birine bilerge — to set them on one another
- haman bileb tururğa — to keep egging on all the time
- adamlanı bir birine bileydi — he sets people against one another
- anı menŋe bilerge küreşgendile — they have tried to stir him up against me
- honşunu honşuğa bilerge jaramaydı — it is not right to set one neighbor against another
- jaşnı bilerge — to egg the lad on
Expressions
- tiş bilerge — hold a grudge; seethe with anger; gird for a fight
- tişlerin bilerge — bear a grudge
Conjugation
Common forms
- bileydihe is sharpening
- biledihe sharpened
- bilegendihe has sharpened
- bilerhe will sharpen
- bilerikdihe is going to sharpen
- biley edihe was sharpening
- bileseif he sharpens
- bile!sharpen!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbileymeI am sharpening | senbileyseyou are sharpening | olbileydihe is sharpening | bizbileybizwe are sharpening | sizbileysizyou all are sharpening | alabileydilethey are sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbilemeymeI am not sharpening | senbilemeyseyou are not sharpening | olbilemeydihe is not sharpening | bizbilemeybizwe are not sharpening | sizbilemeysizyou all are not sharpening | alabilemeydilethey are not sharpening |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbileymemi? bileymime?am I sharpening? | senbileymise?are you sharpening? | olbileymidi?is he sharpening? | bizbileybizmi? bileymibiz?are we sharpening? | sizbileymisiz?are you all sharpening? | alabileymidile?are they sharpening? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbilemeymemi? bilemeymime?aren't I sharpening? | senbilemeymise?aren't you sharpening? | olbilemeymidi?isn't he sharpening? | bizbilemeybizmi? bilemeymibiz?aren't we sharpening? | sizbilemeymisiz?aren't you all sharpening? | alabilemeymidile?aren't they sharpening? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbilewçenmeI usually sharpen | senbilewçenseyou usually sharpen | olbilewçendihe usually sharpens | bizbilewçenbizwe usually sharpen | sizbilewçensizyou all usually sharpen | alabilewçendilethey usually sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbilemewçenmeI usually don't sharpen | senbilemewçenseyou usually don't sharpen | olbilemewçendihe usually doesn't sharpen | bizbilemewçenbizwe usually don't sharpen | sizbilemewçensizyou all usually don't sharpen | alabilemewçendilethey usually don't sharpen |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbilewçenmemi? bilewçenmime?do I usually sharpen? | senbilewçenmise?do you usually sharpen? | olbilewçenmidi?does he usually sharpen? | bizbilewçenbizmi? bilewçenmibiz?do we usually sharpen? | sizbilewçenmisiz?do you all usually sharpen? | alabilewçenmidile?do they usually sharpen? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbilemewçenmemi? bilemewçenmime?do I usually not sharpen? | senbilemewçenmise?do you usually not sharpen? | olbilemewçenmidi?does he usually not sharpen? | bizbilemewçenbizmi? bilemewçenmibiz?do we usually not sharpen? | sizbilemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not sharpen? | alabilemewçenmidile?do they usually not sharpen? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbilebdihe has sharpened and remains so | alabilebdilethey have sharpened and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbilebmidi?has he sharpened? | alabilebmidile?have they sharpened? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbileb turamaI keep sharpening | senbileb turasayou keep sharpening | olbileb turadıhe keeps sharpening | bizbileb turabızwe keep sharpening | sizbileb turasızyou all keep sharpening | alabileb turadılathey keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbileb turmaymaI don't keep sharpening | senbileb turmaysayou don't keep sharpening | olbileb turmaydıhe doesn't keep sharpening | bizbileb turmaybızwe don't keep sharpening | sizbileb turmaysızyou all don't keep sharpening | alabileb turmaydılathey don't keep sharpening |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbileb turamamı? bileb turamıma?do I keep sharpening? | senbileb turamısa?do you keep sharpening? | olbileb turamıdı?does he keep sharpening? | bizbileb turabızmı? bileb turamıbız?do we keep sharpening? | sizbileb turamısız?do you all keep sharpening? | alabileb turamıdıla?do they keep sharpening? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbileb turmaymamı? bileb turmaymıma?don't I keep sharpening? | senbileb turmaymısa?don't you keep sharpening? | olbileb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sharpening? | bizbileb turmaybızmı? bileb turmaymıbız?don't we keep sharpening? | sizbileb turmaymısız?don't you all keep sharpening? | alabileb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbiley turamaI am in the middle of sharpening | senbiley turasayou are in the middle of sharpening | olbiley turadıhe is in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley turabızwe are in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley turasızyou all are in the middle of sharpening | alabiley turadılathey are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbiley turmaymaI am not in the middle of sharpening | senbiley turmaysayou are not in the middle of sharpening | olbiley turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sharpening | alabiley turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbiley turamamı? biley turamıma?am I in the middle of sharpening? | senbiley turamısa?are you in the middle of sharpening? | olbiley turamıdı?is he in the middle of sharpening? | bizbiley turabızmı? biley turamıbız?are we in the middle of sharpening? | sizbiley turamısız?are you all in the middle of sharpening? | alabiley turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbiley turmaymamı? biley turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sharpening? | senbiley turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sharpening? | olbiley turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sharpening? | bizbiley turmaybızmı? biley turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sharpening? | sizbiley turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sharpening? | alabiley turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sharpening? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbiledimI sharpened | senbilediŋyou sharpened | olbiledihe sharpened | bizbiledikwe sharpened | sizbiledigizyou all sharpened | alabiledilethey sharpened |
| Simple past (definite) | menbilemedimI didn't sharpen | senbilemediŋyou didn't sharpen | olbilemedihe didn't sharpen | bizbilemedikwe didn't sharpen | sizbilemedigizyou all didn't sharpen | alabilemedilethey didn't sharpen |
| Simple past (definite) | menbiledimmi?did I sharpen? | senbilediŋmi?did you sharpen? | olbiledimi?did he sharpen? | bizbiledikmi?did we sharpen? | sizbiledigizmi?did you all sharpen? | alabiledilemi?did they sharpen? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbilemedimmi?didn't I sharpen? | senbilemediŋmi?didn't you sharpen? | olbilemedimi?didn't he sharpen? | bizbilemedikmi?didn't we sharpen? | sizbilemedigizmi?didn't you all sharpen? | alabilemedilemi?didn't they sharpen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbilegenmeI have sharpened | senbilegenseyou have sharpened | olbilegendihe has sharpened | bizbilegenbizwe have sharpened | sizbilegensizyou all have sharpened | alabilegendilethey have sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbilemegenmeI haven't sharpened | senbilemegenseyou haven't sharpened | olbilemegendihe hasn't sharpened | bizbilemegenbizwe haven't sharpened | sizbilemegensizyou all haven't sharpened | alabilemegendilethey haven't sharpened |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbilegenmemi? bilegenmime?have I sharpened? | senbilegenmise?have you sharpened? | olbilegenmidi?has he sharpened? | bizbilegenbizmi? bilegenmibiz?have we sharpened? | sizbilegenmisiz?have you all sharpened? | alabilegenmidile?have they sharpened? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbilemegenmemi? bilemegenmime?haven't I sharpened? | senbilemegenmise?haven't you sharpened? | olbilemegenmidi?hasn't he sharpened? | bizbilemegenbizmi? bilemegenmibiz?haven't we sharpened? | sizbilemegenmisiz?haven't you all sharpened? | alabilemegenmidile?haven't they sharpened? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbileb turdumI kept sharpening | senbileb turduŋyou kept sharpening | olbileb turduhe kept sharpening | bizbileb turduqwe kept sharpening | sizbileb turduğuzyou all kept sharpening | alabileb turdulathey kept sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbileb turmadımI didn't keep sharpening | senbileb turmadıŋyou didn't keep sharpening | olbileb turmadıhe didn't keep sharpening | bizbileb turmadıqwe didn't keep sharpening | sizbileb turmadığızyou all didn't keep sharpening | alabileb turmadılathey didn't keep sharpening |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbilermeI will sharpen | senbilerseyou will sharpen | olbilerhe will sharpen | bizbilerbizwe will sharpen | sizbilersizyou all will sharpen | alabilerlethey will sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbilemezmeI won't sharpen | senbilemezseyou won't sharpen | olbilemezhe won't sharpen | bizbilemezbizwe won't sharpen | sizbilemezsizyou all won't sharpen | alabilemezlethey won't sharpen |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbilermemi? bilermime?will I sharpen? | senbilermise?will you sharpen? | olbilermi?will he sharpen? | bizbilerbizmi? bilermibiz?will we sharpen? | sizbilermisiz?will you all sharpen? | alabilerlemi? bilermile?will they sharpen? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbilemezmemi? bilemezmime?won't I sharpen? | senbilemezmise?won't you sharpen? | olbilemezmi?won't he sharpen? | bizbilemezbizmi? bilemezmibiz?won't we sharpen? | sizbilemezmisiz?won't you all sharpen? | alabilemezlemi? bilemezmile?won't they sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbilerikmeI am going to sharpen | senbilerikseyou are going to sharpen | olbilerikdihe is going to sharpen | bizbilerikbizwe are going to sharpen | sizbileriksizyou all are going to sharpen | alabilerikdilethey are going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menbilerik tülmeI am not going to sharpen | senbilerik tülseyou are not going to sharpen | olbilerik tüldühe is not going to sharpen | bizbilerik tülbüzwe are not going to sharpen | sizbilerik tülsüzyou all are not going to sharpen | alabilerik tüldülethey are not going to sharpen |
| Definite future (future II) | menbilerikmemi? bilerikmime?am I going to sharpen? | senbilerikmise?are you going to sharpen? | olbilerikmidi?is he going to sharpen? | bizbilerikbizmi? bilerikmibiz?are we going to sharpen? | sizbilerikmisiz?are you all going to sharpen? | alabilerikmidile?are they going to sharpen? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbilerik tülmüme?aren't I going to sharpen? | senbilerik tülmüse?aren't you going to sharpen? | olbilerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to sharpen? | bizbilerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to sharpen? | sizbilerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to sharpen? | alabilerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to sharpen? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbilegen edimbilegenemI had sharpened | senbilegen ediŋbilegeneŋyou had sharpened | olbilegen edibilegenedhe had sharpened | bizbilegen edikbilegenekwe had sharpened | sizbilegen edigizbilegenegizyou all had sharpened | alabilegen edilebilegenellethey had sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbilemegen edimbilemegenemI hadn't sharpened | senbilemegen ediŋbilemegeneŋyou hadn't sharpened | olbilemegen edibilemegenedhe hadn't sharpened | bizbilemegen edikbilemegenekwe hadn't sharpened | sizbilemegen edigizbilemegenegizyou all hadn't sharpened | alabilemegen edilebilemegenellethey hadn't sharpened |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbiley edimbileyemI was sharpening | senbiley ediŋbileyeŋyou were sharpening | olbiley edibileyedhe was sharpening | bizbiley edikbileyekwe were sharpening | sizbiley edigizbileyegizyou all were sharpening | alabiley edilebileyellethey were sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbilemey edimbilemeyemI wasn't sharpening | senbilemey ediŋbilemeyeŋyou weren't sharpening | olbilemey edibilemeyedhe wasn't sharpening | bizbilemey edikbilemeyekwe weren't sharpening | sizbilemey edigizbilemeyegizyou all weren't sharpening | alabilemey edilebilemeyellethey weren't sharpening |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbilewçen edimbilewçenemI used to sharpen | senbilewçen ediŋbilewçeneŋyou used to sharpen | olbilewçen edibilewçenedhe used to sharpen | bizbilewçen edikbilewçenekwe used to sharpen | sizbilewçen edigizbilewçenegizyou all used to sharpen | alabilewçen edilebilewçenellethey used to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbilemewçen edimbilemewçenemI didn't use to sharpen | senbilemewçen ediŋbilemewçeneŋyou didn't use to sharpen | olbilemewçen edibilemewçenedhe didn't use to sharpen | bizbilemewçen edikbilemewçenekwe didn't use to sharpen | sizbilemewçen edigizbilemewçenegizyou all didn't use to sharpen | alabilemewçen edilebilemewçenellethey didn't use to sharpen |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbileb edihe had sharpened and remained so | alabileb edilethey had sharpened and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbileb tül edihe hadn't sharpened | alabileb tül edilethey hadn't sharpened | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbileb tura edimbileb turaemI had kept sharpening | senbileb tura ediŋbileb turaeŋyou had kept sharpening | olbileb tura edibileb turaedhe had kept sharpening | bizbileb tura edikbileb turaekwe had kept sharpening | sizbileb tura edigizbileb turaegizyou all had kept sharpening | alabileb tura edilebileb turaellethey had kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbileb turmay edimbileb turmayemI hadn't kept sharpening | senbileb turmay ediŋbileb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sharpening | olbileb turmay edibileb turmayedhe hadn't kept sharpening | bizbileb turmay edikbileb turmayekwe hadn't kept sharpening | sizbileb turmay edigizbileb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sharpening | alabileb turmay edilebileb turmayellethey hadn't kept sharpening |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbiley tura edimbiley turaemI was in the middle of sharpening | senbiley tura ediŋbiley turaeŋyou were in the middle of sharpening | olbiley tura edibiley turaedhe was in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley tura edikbiley turaekwe were in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley tura edigizbiley turaegizyou all were in the middle of sharpening | alabiley tura edilebiley turaellethey were in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbiley turmay edimbiley turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sharpening | senbiley turmay ediŋbiley turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sharpening | olbiley turmay edibiley turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley turmay edikbiley turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley turmay edigizbiley turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sharpening | alabiley turmay edilebiley turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sharpening |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbiler edimbiler emI would sharpen | senbiler ediŋbiler eŋyou would sharpen | olbiler edibiler edhe would sharpen | bizbiler edikbiler ekwe would sharpen | sizbiler edigizbiler egizyou all would sharpen | alabiler edilebiler ellethey would sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | menbilemez edimbilemez emI wouldn't sharpen | senbilemez ediŋbilemez eŋyou wouldn't sharpen | olbilemez edibilemez edhe wouldn't sharpen | bizbilemez edikbilemez ekwe wouldn't sharpen | sizbilemez edigizbilemez egizyou all wouldn't sharpen | alabilemez edilebilemez ellethey wouldn't sharpen |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbilerik edimbilerik emI would have sharpened | senbilerik ediŋbilerik eŋyou would have sharpened | olbilerik edibilerik edhe would have sharpened | bizbilerik edikbilerik ekwe would have sharpened | sizbilerik edigizbilerik egizyou all would have sharpened | alabilerik edilebilerik ellethey would have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbilerik tül edimbilerik tül emI wouldn't have sharpened | senbilerik tül ediŋbilerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have sharpened | olbilerik tül edibilerik tül edhe wouldn't have sharpened | bizbilerik tül edikbilerik tül ekwe wouldn't have sharpened | sizbilerik tül edigizbilerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have sharpened | alabilerik tül edilebilerik tül ellethey wouldn't have sharpened |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbilesemif I sharpen | senbileseŋif you sharpen | olbileseif he sharpens | bizbilesekif we sharpen | sizbilesegizif you all sharpen | alabileseleif they sharpen |
| Conditional | menbilemesemif I don't sharpen | senbilemeseŋif you don't sharpen | olbilemeseif he doesn't sharpen | bizbilemesekif we don't sharpen | sizbilemesegizif you all don't sharpen | alabilemeseleif they don't sharpen |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbiley esemif I am sharpening | senbiley eseŋif you are sharpening | olbiley eseif he is sharpening | bizbiley esekif we are sharpening | sizbiley esegizif you all are sharpening | alabiley eseleif they are sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | menbilemey esemif I am not sharpening | senbilemey eseŋif you are not sharpening | olbilemey eseif he is not sharpening | bizbilemey esekif we are not sharpening | sizbilemey esegizif you all are not sharpening | alabilemey eseleif they are not sharpening |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbilesem edibilesem edif only I sharpened | senbileseŋ edibileseŋ edif only you sharpened | olbilese edibilesedif only he sharpened | bizbilesek edibilesek edif only we sharpened | sizbilesegiz edibilesegiz edif only you all sharpened | alabilesele edibileseledif only they sharpened |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbilemesem edibilemesem edif only I didn't sharpen | senbilemeseŋ edibilemeseŋ edif only you didn't sharpen | olbilemese edibilemesedif only he didn't sharpen | bizbilemesek edibilemesek edif only we didn't sharpen | sizbilemesegiz edibilemesegiz edif only you all didn't sharpen | alabilemesele edibilemeseledif only they didn't sharpen |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbileb tursamif I carry on sharpening | senbileb tursaŋif you carry on sharpening | olbileb tursaif he carries on sharpening | bizbileb tursaqif we carry on sharpening | sizbileb tursağızif you all carry on sharpening | alabileb tursalaif they carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | menbileb turmasamif I don't carry on sharpening | senbileb turmasaŋif you don't carry on sharpening | olbileb turmasaif he doesn't carry on sharpening | bizbileb turmasaqif we don't carry on sharpening | sizbileb turmasağızif you all don't carry on sharpening | alabileb turmasalaif they don't carry on sharpening |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbileb tura esemif I have kept sharpening | senbileb tura eseŋif you have kept sharpening | olbileb tura eseif he has kept sharpening | bizbileb tura esekif we have kept sharpening | sizbileb tura esegizif you all have kept sharpening | alabileb tura eseleif they have kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbileb turmay esemif I haven't kept sharpening | senbileb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sharpening | olbileb turmay eseif he hasn't kept sharpening | bizbileb turmay esekif we haven't kept sharpening | sizbileb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sharpening | alabileb turmay eseleif they haven't kept sharpening |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbiley tursamif I keep sharpening | senbiley tursaŋif you keep sharpening | olbiley tursaif he keeps sharpening | bizbiley tursaqif we keep sharpening | sizbiley tursağızif you all keep sharpening | alabiley tursalaif they keep sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | menbilemey tursamif I keep on not sharpening | senbilemey tursaŋif you keep on not sharpening | olbilemey tursaif he keeps on not sharpening | bizbilemey tursaqif we keep on not sharpening | sizbilemey tursağızif you all keep on not sharpening | alabilemey tursalaif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbiley tura esemif I am in the middle of sharpening | senbiley tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sharpening | olbiley tura eseif he is in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley tura esekif we are in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sharpening | alabiley tura eseleif they are in the middle of sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbilemey tura esemif I keep on not sharpening | senbilemey tura eseŋif you keep on not sharpening | olbilemey tura eseif he keeps on not sharpening | bizbilemey tura esekif we keep on not sharpening | sizbilemey tura esegizif you all keep on not sharpening | alabilemey tura eseleif they keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbiledim esemif I sharpened | senbilediŋ eseŋif you sharpened | olbiledi eseif he sharpened | bizbiledik esekif we sharpened | sizbiledigiz esegizif you all sharpened | alabiledile eseleif they sharpened |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbilemedim esemif I didn't sharpen | senbilemediŋ eseŋif you didn't sharpen | olbilemedi eseif he didn't sharpen | bizbilemedik esekif we didn't sharpen | sizbilemedigiz esegizif you all didn't sharpen | alabilemedile eseleif they didn't sharpen |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbilegen esemif I did sharpen (indeed) | senbilegen eseŋif you did sharpen (indeed) | olbilegen eseif he did sharpen (indeed) | bizbilegen esekif we did sharpen (indeed) | sizbilegen esegizif you all did sharpen (indeed) | alabilegen eseleif they did sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbilemegen esemif I didn't sharpen (indeed) | senbilemegen eseŋif you didn't sharpen (indeed) | olbilemegen eseif he didn't sharpen (indeed) | bizbilemegen esekif we didn't sharpen (indeed) | sizbilemegen esegizif you all didn't sharpen (indeed) | alabilemegen eseleif they didn't sharpen (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbilegen bolsamif I had sharpened | senbilegen bolsaŋif you had sharpened | olbilegen bolsaif he had sharpened | bizbilegen bolsaqif we had sharpened | sizbilegen bolsağızif you all had sharpened | alabilegen bolsalaif they had sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbilemegen bolsamif I hadn't sharpened | senbilemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't sharpened | olbilemegen bolsaif he hadn't sharpened | bizbilemegen bolsaqif we hadn't sharpened | sizbilemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't sharpened | alabilemegen bolsalaif they hadn't sharpened |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbilegen bolsam edibilegen bolsam edif only I had sharpened | senbilegen bolsaŋ edibilegen bolsaŋ edif only you had sharpened | olbilegen bolsa edibilegen bolsaedif only he had sharpened | bizbilegen bolsaq edibilegen bolsaq edif only we had sharpened | sizbilegen bolsağız edibilegen bolsağız edif only you all had sharpened | alabilegen bolsala edibilegen bolsalaedif only they had sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbilemegen bolsam edibilemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't sharpened | senbilemegen bolsaŋ edibilemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sharpened | olbilemegen bolsa edibilemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't sharpened | bizbilemegen bolsaq edibilemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't sharpened | sizbilemegen bolsağız edibilemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sharpened | alabilemegen bolsala edibilemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't sharpened |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbiler esemif I will sharpen | senbiler eseŋif you will sharpen | olbiler eseif he will sharpen | bizbiler esekif we will sharpen | sizbiler esegizif you all will sharpen | alabiler eseleif they will sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | menbilemez esemif I won't sharpen | senbilemez eseŋif you won't sharpen | olbilemez eseif he won't sharpen | bizbilemez esekif we won't sharpen | sizbilemez esegizif you all won't sharpen | alabilemez eseleif they won't sharpen |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbilerik esemif I am going to sharpen | senbilerik eseŋif you are going to sharpen | olbilerik eseif he is going to sharpen | bizbilerik esekif we are going to sharpen | sizbilerik esegizif you all are going to sharpen | alabilerik eseleif they are going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | menbilerik tül esemif I am not going to sharpen | senbilerik tül eseŋif you are not going to sharpen | olbilerik tül eseif he is not going to sharpen | bizbilerik tül esekif we are not going to sharpen | sizbilerik tül esegizif you all are not going to sharpen | alabilerik tül eseleif they are not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbilerik bolsamif I were going to sharpen | senbilerik bolsaŋif you were going to sharpen | olbilerik bolsaif he were going to sharpen | bizbilerik bolsaqif we were going to sharpen | sizbilerik bolsağızif you all were going to sharpen | alabilerik bolsalaif they were going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbilemezlik bolsamif I were not going to sharpen | senbilemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to sharpen | olbilemezlik bolsaif he were not going to sharpen | bizbilemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to sharpen | sizbilemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to sharpen | alabilemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to sharpen |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bilediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbiley bolurmaI must be sharpening | senbiley bolursayou must be sharpening | olbiley bolurhe must be sharpening | bizbiley bolurbuzwe must be sharpening | sizbiley bolursuzyou all must be sharpening | alabiley bolurlathey must be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbilemey bolurmaI must not be sharpening | senbilemey bolursayou must not be sharpening | olbilemey bolurhe must not be sharpening | bizbilemey bolurbuzwe must not be sharpening | sizbilemey bolursuzyou all must not be sharpening | alabilemey bolurlathey must not be sharpening |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbiley tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sharpening | senbiley tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sharpening | olbiley tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sharpening | alabiley tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbilemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not sharpening | senbilemey tura bolursayou must keep on not sharpening | olbilemey tura bolurhe must keep on not sharpening | bizbilemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sharpening | sizbilemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sharpening | alabilemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not sharpening |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbilegen bolurmaI must have sharpened | senbilegen bolursayou must have sharpened | olbilegen bolurhe must have sharpened | bizbilegen bolurbuzwe must have sharpened | sizbilegen bolursuzyou all must have sharpened | alabilegen bolurlathey must have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | menbilemegen bolurmaI must not have sharpened | senbilemegen bolursayou must not have sharpened | olbilemegen bolurhe must not have sharpened | bizbilemegen bolurbuzwe must not have sharpened | sizbilemegen bolursuzyou all must not have sharpened | alabilemegen bolurlathey must not have sharpened |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbilerik bolurmaI must be going to sharpen | senbilerik bolursayou must be going to sharpen | olbilerik bolurhe must be going to sharpen | bizbilerik bolurbuzwe must be going to sharpen | sizbilerik bolursuzyou all must be going to sharpen | alabilerik bolurlathey must be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbilemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to sharpen | senbilemezlik bolursayou must not be going to sharpen | olbilemezlik bolurhe must not be going to sharpen | bizbilemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to sharpen | sizbilemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to sharpen | alabilemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbileyimlet me sharpen | senbile!sharpen! | olbilesinlet him sharpen | bizbileyiklet's sharpen | sizbilegiz!sharpen, you all! | alabilesinlelet them sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menbilemeyimlet me not sharpen | senbileme!don't sharpen! | olbilemesinlet him not sharpen | bizbilemeyiklet's not sharpen | sizbilemegiz!don't sharpen, you all! | alabilemesinlelet them not sharpen |
| Commands & suggestions | menbileyimmi?shall I sharpen? | olbilesinmi?should he sharpen? | bizbileyikmi?shall we sharpen? | alabilesinlemi?should they sharpen? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbilemeyimmi?shall I not sharpen? | olbilemesinmi?should he not sharpen? | bizbilemeyikmi?shall we not sharpen? | alabilemesinlemi?should they not sharpen? | ||
| Requests | senbileçi2bileçinplease sharpen | olbilesinçido let him sharpen | sizbileçigizplease sharpen (plural/polite) | alabilesinleçido let them sharpen | ||
| Requests | senbilemeçi2bilemeçinplease don't sharpen | olbilemesinçido let him not sharpen | sizbilemeçigizplease don't sharpen (plural/polite) | alabilemesinleçido let them not sharpen | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbileginbilegimay you sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbilemeginbilemegimay you not sharpen | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbilegey edim bilege edimwould that I sharpened | senbilegey ediŋ bilege ediŋwould that you sharpened | olbilegey edi bilege ediwould that he sharpened | bizbilegey edik bilege edikwould that we sharpened | sizbilegey edigiz bilege edigizwould that you all sharpened | alabilegey edile bilege edilewould that they sharpened |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbilemegey edim bilemege edimwould that I did not sharpen | senbilemegey ediŋ bilemege ediŋwould that you did not sharpen | olbilemegey edi bilemege ediwould that he did not sharpen | bizbilemegey edik bilemege edikwould that we did not sharpen | sizbilemegey edigiz bilemege edigizwould that you all did not sharpen | alabilemegey edile bilemege edilewould that they did not sharpen |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbilemege qoyayımbileme qoyayımlet me allow someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoy!bileme qoy!let someone sharpen! | olbilemege qoysunbileme qoysunlet him allow someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoyayıqbileme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoyuğuz!bileme qoyuğuz!let someone sharpen, you all! | alabilemege qoysunlabileme qoysunlalet them allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbilemege qoymayımbileme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoyma!bileme qoyma!don't let someone sharpen! | olbilemege qoymasınbileme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoymayıqbileme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoymağız!bileme qoymağız!don't let someone sharpen, you all! | alabilemege qoymasınlabileme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbilemege qoyayımmı?bileme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoysunmu?bileme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoyayıqmı?bileme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoysunlamı?bileme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbilemege qoymayımmı?bileme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoymasınmı?bileme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoymayıqmı?bileme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoymasınlamı?bileme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to sharpen? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbilemege qoyamabileme qoyamaI allow someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoyasabileme qoyasayou allow someone to sharpen | olbilemege qoyadıbileme qoyadıhe allows someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoyabızbileme qoyabızwe allow someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoyasızbileme qoyasızyou all allow someone to sharpen | alabilemege qoyadılabileme qoyadılathey allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menbilemege qoymaymabileme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoymaysabileme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to sharpen | olbilemege qoymaydıbileme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoymaybızbileme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoymaysızbileme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to sharpen | alabilemege qoymaydılabileme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (present) | menbilemege qoyamamı?bileme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to sharpen? | senbilemege qoyamısa?bileme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoyamıdı?bileme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoyabızmı?bileme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to sharpen? | sizbilemege qoyamısız?bileme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoyamıdıla?bileme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbilemege qoymaymamı?bileme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to sharpen? | senbilemege qoymaymısa?bileme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoymaymıdı?bileme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoymaybızmı?bileme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizbilemege qoymaymısız?bileme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoymaymıdıla?bileme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbilemege qoydumbileme qoydumI allowed someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoyduŋbileme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to sharpen | olbilemege qoydubileme qoyduhe allowed someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoyduqbileme qoyduqwe allowed someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoyduğuzbileme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to sharpen | alabilemege qoydulabileme qoydulathey allowed someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menbilemege qoymadımbileme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to sharpen | senbilemege qoymadıŋbileme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to sharpen | olbilemege qoymadıbileme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to sharpen | bizbilemege qoymadıqbileme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to sharpen | sizbilemege qoymadığızbileme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to sharpen | alabilemege qoymadılabileme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to sharpen |
| Let someone… (past) | menbilemege qoydummu?bileme qoydummu?did I allow someone to sharpen? | senbilemege qoyduŋmu?bileme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoydumu?bileme qoydumu?did he allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoyduqmu?bileme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to sharpen? | sizbilemege qoyduğuzmu?bileme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoydulamı?bileme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to sharpen? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbilemege qoymadımmı?bileme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to sharpen? | senbilemege qoymadıŋmı?bileme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to sharpen? | olbilemege qoymadımı?bileme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to sharpen? | bizbilemege qoymadıqmı?bileme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to sharpen? | sizbilemege qoymadığızmı?bileme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to sharpen? | alabilemege qoymadılamı?bileme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to sharpen? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbileyalamaI can sharpen | senbileyalasayou can sharpen | olbileyaladıhe can sharpen | bizbileyalabızwe can sharpen | sizbileyalasızyou all can sharpen | alabileyaladılathey can sharpen |
| Ability — present | menbileyalmaymaI can't sharpen | senbileyalmaysayou can't sharpen | olbileyalmaydıhe can't sharpen | bizbileyalmaybızwe can't sharpen | sizbileyalmaysızyou all can't sharpen | alabileyalmaydılathey can't sharpen |
| Ability — present | menbileyalamamı? bileyalamıma?can I sharpen? | senbileyalamısa?can you sharpen? | olbileyalamıdı?can he sharpen? | bizbileyalabızmı? bileyalamıbız?can we sharpen? | sizbileyalamısız?can you all sharpen? | alabileyalamıdıla?can they sharpen? |
| Ability — present | menbileyalmaymamı? bileyalmaymıma?can't I sharpen? | senbileyalmaymısa?can't you sharpen? | olbileyalmaymıdı?can't he sharpen? | bizbileyalmaybızmı? bileyalmaymıbız?can't we sharpen? | sizbileyalmaymısız?can't you all sharpen? | alabileyalmaymıdıla?can't they sharpen? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbileyalsamif I can sharpen | senbileyalsaŋif you can sharpen | olbileyalsaif he can sharpen | bizbileyalsaqif we can sharpen | sizbileyalsağızif you all can sharpen | alabileyalsalaif they can sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | menbileyalmasamif I can't sharpen | senbileyalmasaŋif you can't sharpen | olbileyalmasaif he can't sharpen | bizbileyalmasaqif we can't sharpen | sizbileyalmasağızif you all can't sharpen | alabileyalmasalaif they can't sharpen |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbileyaldımI was able to sharpen | senbileyaldıŋyou were able to sharpen | olbileyaldıhe was able to sharpen | bizbileyaldıqwe were able to sharpen | sizbileyaldığızyou all were able to sharpen | alabileyaldılathey were able to sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menbileyalmadımI could not sharpen | senbileyalmadıŋyou could not sharpen | olbileyalmadıhe could not sharpen | bizbileyalmadıqwe could not sharpen | sizbileyalmadığızyou all could not sharpen | alabileyalmadılathey could not sharpen |
| Ability — simple past | menbileyaldımmı?was I able to sharpen? | senbileyaldıŋmı?were you able to sharpen? | olbileyaldımı?was he able to sharpen? | bizbileyaldıqmı?were we able to sharpen? | sizbileyaldığızmı?were you all able to sharpen? | alabileyaldılamı?were they able to sharpen? |
| Ability — simple past | menbileyalmadımmı?couldn't I sharpen? | senbileyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you sharpen? | olbileyalmadımı?couldn't he sharpen? | bizbileyalmadıqmı?couldn't we sharpen? | sizbileyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all sharpen? | alabileyalmadılamı?couldn't they sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbileyalğanmaI have been able to sharpen | senbileyalğansayou have been able to sharpen | olbileyalğandıhe has been able to sharpen | bizbileyalğanbızwe have been able to sharpen | sizbileyalğansızyou all have been able to sharpen | alabileyalğandılathey have been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbileyalmağanmaI haven't been able to sharpen | senbileyalmağansayou haven't been able to sharpen | olbileyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to sharpen | bizbileyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to sharpen | sizbileyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to sharpen | alabileyalmağandılathey haven't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbileyalğanmamı? bileyalğanmıma?have I been able to sharpen? | senbileyalğanmısa?have you been able to sharpen? | olbileyalğanmıdı?has he been able to sharpen? | bizbileyalğanbızmı? bileyalğanmıbız?have we been able to sharpen? | sizbileyalğanmısız?have you all been able to sharpen? | alabileyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbileyalmağanmamı? bileyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to sharpen? | senbileyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to sharpen? | olbileyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to sharpen? | bizbileyalmağanbızmı? bileyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to sharpen? | sizbileyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to sharpen? | alabileyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to sharpen? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbileyalğan edimbileyalğanemI had been able to sharpen | senbileyalğan ediŋbileyalğaneŋyou had been able to sharpen | olbileyalğan edibileyalğanedhe had been able to sharpen | bizbileyalğan edikbileyalğanekwe had been able to sharpen | sizbileyalğan edigizbileyalğanegizyou all had been able to sharpen | alabileyalğan edilebileyalğanellethey had been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | menbileyalmağan edimbileyalmağanemI hadn't been able to sharpen | senbileyalmağan ediŋbileyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to sharpen | olbileyalmağan edibileyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to sharpen | bizbileyalmağan edikbileyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to sharpen | sizbileyalmağan edigizbileyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to sharpen | alabileyalmağan edilebileyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to sharpen |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbileyala edimbileyalaemI could sharpen | senbileyala ediŋbileyalaeŋyou could sharpen | olbileyala edibileyalaedhe could sharpen | bizbileyala edikbileyalaekwe could sharpen | sizbileyala edigizbileyalaegizyou all could sharpen | alabileyala edilebileyalaellethey could sharpen |
| Ability — past background | menbileyalmay edimbileyalmayemI could not sharpen | senbileyalmay ediŋbileyalmayeŋyou could not sharpen | olbileyalmay edibileyalmayedhe could not sharpen | bizbileyalmay edikbileyalmayekwe could not sharpen | sizbileyalmay edigizbileyalmayegizyou all could not sharpen | alabileyalmay edilebileyalmayellethey could not sharpen |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbileyalırmaI will be able to sharpen | senbileyalırsayou will be able to sharpen | olbileyalırhe will be able to sharpen | bizbileyalırbızwe will be able to sharpen | sizbileyalırsızyou all will be able to sharpen | alabileyalırlathey will be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menbileyalmazmaI won't be able to sharpen | senbileyalmazsayou won't be able to sharpen | olbileyalmazhe won't be able to sharpen | bizbileyalmazbızwe won't be able to sharpen | sizbileyalmazsızyou all won't be able to sharpen | alabileyalmazlathey won't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future I | menbileyalırmamı? bileyalırmıma?will I be able to sharpen? | senbileyalırmısa?will you be able to sharpen? | olbileyalırmı?will he be able to sharpen? | bizbileyalırbızmı? bileyalırmıbız?will we be able to sharpen? | sizbileyalırmısız?will you all be able to sharpen? | alabileyalırlamı? bileyalırmıla?will they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future I | menbileyalmazmamı? bileyalmazmıma?won't I be able to sharpen? | senbileyalmazmısa?won't you be able to sharpen? | olbileyalmazmı?won't he be able to sharpen? | bizbileyalmazbızmı? bileyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to sharpen? | sizbileyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to sharpen? | alabileyalmazlamı? bileyalmazmıla?won't they be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menbileyallıqmaI am going to be able to sharpen | senbileyallıqsayou are going to be able to sharpen | olbileyallıqdıhe is going to be able to sharpen | bizbileyallıqbızwe are going to be able to sharpen | sizbileyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to sharpen | alabileyallıqdılathey are going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menbileyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to sharpen | senbileyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to sharpen | olbileyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to sharpen | bizbileyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to sharpen | sizbileyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to sharpen | alabileyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to sharpen |
| Ability — future II | menbileyallıqmamı? bileyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to sharpen? | senbileyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to sharpen? | olbileyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to sharpen? | bizbileyallıqbızmı? bileyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to sharpen? | sizbileyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to sharpen? | alabileyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — future II | menbileyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to sharpen? | senbileyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to sharpen? | olbileyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to sharpen? | bizbileyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to sharpen? | sizbileyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to sharpen? | alabileyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to sharpen? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbileyalır edimbileyalır emI would be able to sharpen | senbileyalır ediŋbileyalır eŋyou would be able to sharpen | olbileyalır edibileyalır edhe would be able to sharpen | bizbileyalır edikbileyalır ekwe would be able to sharpen | sizbileyalır edigizbileyalır egizyou all would be able to sharpen | alabileyalır edilebileyalır ellethey would be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbileyalmaz edimbileyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to sharpen | senbileyalmaz ediŋbileyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to sharpen | olbileyalmaz edibileyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to sharpen | bizbileyalmaz edikbileyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to sharpen | sizbileyalmaz edigizbileyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to sharpen | alabileyalmaz edilebileyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to sharpen |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbileyalğınbileyalğımay you be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbileyalmağınbileyalmağımay you not be able to sharpen | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbilerge izleymeI want to sharpen | senbilerge izleyseyou want to sharpen | olbilerge izleydihe wants to sharpen | bizbilerge izleybizwe want to sharpen | sizbilerge izleysizyou all want to sharpen | alabilerge izleydilethey want to sharpen |
| want to | menbilerge izlemeymeI do not want to sharpen | senbilerge izlemeyseyou do not want to sharpen | olbilerge izlemeydihe does not want to sharpen | bizbilerge izlemeybizwe do not want to sharpen | sizbilerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to sharpen | alabilerge izlemeydilethey do not want to sharpen |
| would like to | menbilerge süemeI would like to sharpen | senbilerge süeseyou would like to sharpen | olbilerge süedihe would like to sharpen | bizbilerge süebizwe would like to sharpen | sizbilerge süesizyou all would like to sharpen | alabilerge süedilethey would like to sharpen |
| would like to | menbilerge süymeymeI would not like to sharpen | senbilerge süymeyseyou would not like to sharpen | olbilerge süymeydihe would not like to sharpen | bizbilerge süymeybizwe would not like to sharpen | sizbilerge süymeysizyou all would not like to sharpen | alabilerge süymeydilethey would not like to sharpen |
| hope to | menbilerge umutlanamaI hope to sharpen | senbilerge umutlanasayou hope to sharpen | olbilerge umutlanadıhe hopes to sharpen | bizbilerge umutlanabızwe hope to sharpen | sizbilerge umutlanasızyou all hope to sharpen | alabilerge umutlanadılathey hope to sharpen |
| hope to | menbilerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to sharpen | senbilerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to sharpen | olbilerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to sharpen | bizbilerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to sharpen | sizbilerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to sharpen | alabilerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to sharpen |
| be about to | menbilerge deb turamaI am about to sharpen | senbilerge deb turasayou are about to sharpen | olbilerge deb turadıhe is about to sharpen | bizbilerge deb turabızwe are about to sharpen | sizbilerge deb turasızyou all are about to sharpen | alabilerge deb turadılathey are about to sharpen |
| be about to | menbilerge deb turmaymaI am not about to sharpen | senbilerge deb turmaysayou are not about to sharpen | olbilerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to sharpen | bizbilerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to sharpen | sizbilerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to sharpen | alabilerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to sharpen |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbilerge kerekmeI need to sharpen | senbilerge kerekseyou need to sharpen | olbilerge kerekdihe needs to sharpen | bizbilerge kerekbizwe need to sharpen | sizbilerge kereksizyou all need to sharpen | alabilerge kerekdilethey need to sharpen |
| need to | menbilerge kerek tülmeI do not need to sharpen | senbilerge kerek tülseyou do not need to sharpen | olbilerge kerek tüldühe does not need to sharpen | bizbilerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to sharpen | sizbilerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to sharpen | alabilerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe bilerge tüşediI have to sharpen | sensenŋe bilerge tüşediyou have to sharpen | olaŋa bilerge tüşedihe has to sharpen | bizbizge bilerge tüşediwe have to sharpen | sizsizge bilerge tüşediyou all have to sharpen | alaalağa bilerge tüşedithey have to sharpen |
| have to | menmenŋe bilerge tüşmeydiI do not have to sharpen | sensenŋe bilerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to sharpen | olaŋa bilerge tüşmeydihe does not have to sharpen | bizbizge bilerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to sharpen | sizsizge bilerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to sharpen | alaalağa bilerge tüşmeydithey do not have to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menbilerge borçlumaI am obliged to sharpen | senbilerge borçlusayou are obliged to sharpen | olbilerge borçluduhe is obliged to sharpen | bizbilerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to sharpen | sizbilerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to sharpen | alabilerge borçludulathey are obliged to sharpen |
| be obliged to | menbilerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to sharpen | senbilerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to sharpen | olbilerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to sharpen | bizbilerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to sharpen | sizbilerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to sharpen | alabilerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to sharpen |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbilerge madarım bardıI have a way to sharpen | senbilerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to sharpen | olbilerge madarı bardıhe has a way to sharpen | bizbilerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to sharpen | sizbilerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to sharpen | alabilerge madarları bardıthey have a way to sharpen |
| have a way to | menbilerge madarım joqduI have no way to sharpen | senbilerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to sharpen | olbilerge madarı joqduhe has no way to sharpen | bizbilerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to sharpen | sizbilerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to sharpen | alabilerge madarları joqduthey have no way to sharpen |
| be free to | menbilerge erkinligim bardıI am free to sharpen | senbilerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to sharpen | olbilerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to sharpen | bizbilerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to sharpen | sizbilerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to sharpen | alabilerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to sharpen |
| be free to | menbilerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to sharpen | senbilerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to sharpen | olbilerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to sharpen | bizbilerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to sharpen | sizbilerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to sharpen | alabilerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bilerge bolluqduit is possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe bilerge bolluqduit is possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa bilerge bolluqduit is possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge bilerge bolluqduit is possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge bilerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa bilerge bolluqduit is possible for them to sharpen |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to sharpen | sensenŋe bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to sharpen | olaŋa bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to sharpen | bizbizge bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to sharpen | sizsizge bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to sharpen | alaalağa bilerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to sharpen |
| be ready to | menbilerge hazırmaI am ready to sharpen | senbilerge hazırsayou are ready to sharpen | olbilerge hazırdıhe is ready to sharpen | bizbilerge hazırbızwe are ready to sharpen | sizbilerge hazırsızyou all are ready to sharpen | alabilerge hazırdılathey are ready to sharpen |
| be ready to | menbilerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to sharpen | senbilerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to sharpen | olbilerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to sharpen | bizbilerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to sharpen | sizbilerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to sharpen | alabilerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to sharpen |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbilerge küreşemeI am trying to sharpen | senbilerge küreşeseyou are trying to sharpen | olbilerge küreşedihe is trying to sharpen | bizbilerge küreşebizwe are trying to sharpen | sizbilerge küreşesizyou all are trying to sharpen | alabilerge küreşedilethey are trying to sharpen |
| try to | menbilerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to sharpen | senbilerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to sharpen | olbilerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to sharpen | bizbilerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to sharpen | sizbilerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to sharpen | alabilerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to sharpen |
| agree to | menbilerge unaymaI agree to sharpen | senbilerge unaysayou agree to sharpen | olbilerge unaydıhe agrees to sharpen | bizbilerge unaybızwe agree to sharpen | sizbilerge unaysızyou all agree to sharpen | alabilerge unaydılathey agree to sharpen |
| agree to | menbilerge unamaymaI refuse to sharpen | senbilerge unamaysayou refuse to sharpen | olbilerge unamaydıhe refuses to sharpen | bizbilerge unamaybızwe refuse to sharpen | sizbilerge unamaysızyou all refuse to sharpen | alabilerge unamaydılathey refuse to sharpen |
| hurry to | menbilerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to sharpen | senbilerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to sharpen | olbilerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to sharpen | bizbilerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to sharpen | sizbilerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to sharpen | alabilerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to sharpen |
| hurry to | menbilerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to sharpen | senbilerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to sharpen | olbilerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to sharpen | bizbilerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to sharpen | sizbilerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to sharpen | alabilerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menbilerge qorqamaI am afraid to sharpen | senbilerge qorqasayou are afraid to sharpen | olbilerge qorqadıhe is afraid to sharpen | bizbilerge qorqabızwe are afraid to sharpen | sizbilerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to sharpen | alabilerge qorqadılathey are afraid to sharpen |
| be afraid to | menbilerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to sharpen | senbilerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to sharpen | olbilerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to sharpen | bizbilerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to sharpen | sizbilerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to sharpen | alabilerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to sharpen |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbiley bolmazmaI can't be sharpening | senbiley bolmazsayou can't be sharpening | olbiley bolmazhe can't be sharpening | bizbiley bolmazbızwe can't be sharpening | sizbiley bolmazsızyou all can't be sharpening | alabiley bolmazlathey can't be sharpening |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbilemey bolmazmaI must be sharpening (emphatic) | senbilemey bolmazsayou must be sharpening (emphatic) | olbilemey bolmazhe must be sharpening (emphatic) | bizbilemey bolmazbızwe must be sharpening (emphatic) | sizbilemey bolmazsızyou all must be sharpening (emphatic) | alabilemey bolmazlathey must be sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbiley turmasamif I don't keep sharpening | senbiley turmasaŋif you don't keep sharpening | olbiley turmasaif he doesn't keep sharpening | bizbiley turmasaqif we don't keep sharpening | sizbiley turmasağızif you all don't keep sharpening | alabiley turmasalaif they don't keep sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbiley tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sharpening | senbiley tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sharpening | olbiley tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sharpening | bizbiley tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sharpening | sizbiley tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sharpening | alabiley tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sharpening |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbilemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | senbilemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | olbilemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | bizbilemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | sizbilemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) | alabilemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sharpening (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbilemey turamaI keep on not sharpening | senbilemey turasayou keep on not sharpening | olbilemey turadıhe keeps on not sharpening | bizbilemey turabızwe keep on not sharpening | sizbilemey turasızyou all keep on not sharpening | alabilemey turadılathey keep on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menbilemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not sharpening | senbilemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not sharpening | olbilemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sharpening | bizbilemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sharpening | sizbilemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sharpening | alabilemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sharpening |
| Progressive — double negation | menbilemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sharpening? | senbilemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sharpening? | olbilemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sharpening? | bizbilemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sharpening? | sizbilemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sharpening? | alabilemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sharpening? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbilegen bolmazmaI can't have sharpened | senbilegen bolmazsayou can't have sharpened | olbilegen bolmazhe can't have sharpened | bizbilegen bolmazbızwe can't have sharpened | sizbilegen bolmazsızyou all can't have sharpened | alabilegen bolmazlathey can't have sharpened |
| Inference — double negation | menbilemegen bolmazmaI must have sharpened (emphatic) | senbilemegen bolmazsayou must have sharpened (emphatic) | olbilemegen bolmazhe must have sharpened (emphatic) | bizbilemegen bolmazbızwe must have sharpened (emphatic) | sizbilemegen bolmazsızyou all must have sharpened (emphatic) | alabilemegen bolmazlathey must have sharpened (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbilegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had sharpened | senbilegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sharpened | olbilegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had sharpened | bizbilegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sharpened | sizbilegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sharpened | alabilegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sharpened |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbilemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sharpened | senbilemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sharpened | olbilemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sharpened | bizbilemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sharpened | sizbilemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sharpened | alabilemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sharpened |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbilerik bolmazmaI can't be going to sharpen | senbilerik bolmazsayou can't be going to sharpen | olbilerik bolmazhe can't be going to sharpen | bizbilerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to sharpen | sizbilerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to sharpen | alabilerik bolmazlathey can't be going to sharpen |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbilemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | senbilemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | olbilemezlik bolmazhe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | bizbilemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | sizbilemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to sharpen (emphatic) | alabilemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to sharpen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbilerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to sharpen | senbilerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to sharpen | olbilerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to sharpen | bizbilerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to sharpen | sizbilerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to sharpen | alabilerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to sharpen |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbilemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to sharpen | senbilemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to sharpen | olbilemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to sharpen | bizbilemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to sharpen | sizbilemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to sharpen | alabilemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to sharpen |