qayqarğa
/qajqarʁa/
turn upside down, tip over, knock over, overturn one source
- ayaqnı qayqadı — he knocked the bowl over
- sabiy çelekni qayqadı — the child turned the bucket upside down
- jel arbanı qayqadı — the wind turned the cart over
- qazannı qayqama — do not tip the pot over
Conjugation
Common forms
- qayqadıhe is turning upside down
- qayqdıhe turned upside down
- qayqğandıhe has turned upside down
- qayqarhe will turn upside down
- qayqarıqdıhe is going to turn upside down
- qayqa edihe was turning upside down
- qayqsaif he turns upside down
- qayq!turn upside down!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayqamaI am turning upside down | senqayqasayou are turning upside down | olqayqadıhe is turning upside down | bizqayqabızwe are turning upside down | sizqayqasızyou all are turning upside down | alaqayqadılathey are turning upside down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayqmaymaI am not turning upside down | senqayqmaysayou are not turning upside down | olqayqmaydıhe is not turning upside down | bizqayqmaybızwe are not turning upside down | sizqayqmaysızyou all are not turning upside down | alaqayqmaydılathey are not turning upside down |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayqamamı? qayqamıma?am I turning upside down? | senqayqamısa?are you turning upside down? | olqayqamıdı?is he turning upside down? | bizqayqabızmı? qayqamıbız?are we turning upside down? | sizqayqamısız?are you all turning upside down? | alaqayqamıdıla?are they turning upside down? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqayqmaymamı? qayqmaymıma?aren't I turning upside down? | senqayqmaymısa?aren't you turning upside down? | olqayqmaymıdı?isn't he turning upside down? | bizqayqmaybızmı? qayqmaymıbız?aren't we turning upside down? | sizqayqmaymısız?aren't you all turning upside down? | alaqayqmaymıdıla?aren't they turning upside down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayqıwçanmaI usually turn upside down | senqayqıwçansayou usually turn upside down | olqayqıwçandıhe usually turns upside down | bizqayqıwçanbızwe usually turn upside down | sizqayqıwçansızyou all usually turn upside down | alaqayqıwçandılathey usually turn upside down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayqmawçanmaI usually don't turn upside down | senqayqmawçansayou usually don't turn upside down | olqayqmawçandıhe usually doesn't turn upside down | bizqayqmawçanbızwe usually don't turn upside down | sizqayqmawçansızyou all usually don't turn upside down | alaqayqmawçandılathey usually don't turn upside down |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayqıwçanmamı? qayqıwçanmıma?do I usually turn upside down? | senqayqıwçanmısa?do you usually turn upside down? | olqayqıwçanmıdı?does he usually turn upside down? | bizqayqıwçanbızmı? qayqıwçanmıbız?do we usually turn upside down? | sizqayqıwçanmısız?do you all usually turn upside down? | alaqayqıwçanmıdıla?do they usually turn upside down? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqayqmawçanmamı? qayqmawçanmıma?do I usually not turn upside down? | senqayqmawçanmısa?do you usually not turn upside down? | olqayqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not turn upside down? | bizqayqmawçanbızmı? qayqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not turn upside down? | sizqayqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not turn upside down? | alaqayqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not turn upside down? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqayqıbdıhe has turned upside down and remains so | alaqayqıbdılathey have turned upside down and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqayqıbmıdı?has he turned upside down? | alaqayqıbmıdıla?have they turned upside down? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayqıb turamaI keep turning upside down | senqayqıb turasayou keep turning upside down | olqayqıb turadıhe keeps turning upside down | bizqayqıb turabızwe keep turning upside down | sizqayqıb turasızyou all keep turning upside down | alaqayqıb turadılathey keep turning upside down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayqıb turmaymaI don't keep turning upside down | senqayqıb turmaysayou don't keep turning upside down | olqayqıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep turning upside down | bizqayqıb turmaybızwe don't keep turning upside down | sizqayqıb turmaysızyou all don't keep turning upside down | alaqayqıb turmaydılathey don't keep turning upside down |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayqıb turamamı? qayqıb turamıma?do I keep turning upside down? | senqayqıb turamısa?do you keep turning upside down? | olqayqıb turamıdı?does he keep turning upside down? | bizqayqıb turabızmı? qayqıb turamıbız?do we keep turning upside down? | sizqayqıb turamısız?do you all keep turning upside down? | alaqayqıb turamıdıla?do they keep turning upside down? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqayqıb turmaymamı? qayqıb turmaymıma?don't I keep turning upside down? | senqayqıb turmaymısa?don't you keep turning upside down? | olqayqıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep turning upside down? | bizqayqıb turmaybızmı? qayqıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep turning upside down? | sizqayqıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep turning upside down? | alaqayqıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep turning upside down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqayqa turamaI am in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa turasayou are in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa turadıhe is in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa turabızwe are in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa turasızyou all are in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa turadılathey are in the middle of turning upside down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqayqa turmaymaI am not in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa turmaysayou are not in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of turning upside down |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqayqa turamamı? qayqa turamıma?am I in the middle of turning upside down? | senqayqa turamısa?are you in the middle of turning upside down? | olqayqa turamıdı?is he in the middle of turning upside down? | bizqayqa turabızmı? qayqa turamıbız?are we in the middle of turning upside down? | sizqayqa turamısız?are you all in the middle of turning upside down? | alaqayqa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of turning upside down? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqayqa turmaymamı? qayqa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of turning upside down? | senqayqa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of turning upside down? | olqayqa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of turning upside down? | bizqayqa turmaybızmı? qayqa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of turning upside down? | sizqayqa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of turning upside down? | alaqayqa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of turning upside down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqayqdımI turned upside down | senqayqdıŋyou turned upside down | olqayqdıhe turned upside down | bizqayqdıqwe turned upside down | sizqayqdığızyou all turned upside down | alaqayqdılathey turned upside down |
| Simple past (definite) | menqayqmadımI didn't turn upside down | senqayqmadıŋyou didn't turn upside down | olqayqmadıhe didn't turn upside down | bizqayqmadıqwe didn't turn upside down | sizqayqmadığızyou all didn't turn upside down | alaqayqmadılathey didn't turn upside down |
| Simple past (definite) | menqayqdımmı?did I turn upside down? | senqayqdıŋmı?did you turn upside down? | olqayqdımı?did he turn upside down? | bizqayqdıqmı?did we turn upside down? | sizqayqdığızmı?did you all turn upside down? | alaqayqdılamı?did they turn upside down? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqayqmadımmı?didn't I turn upside down? | senqayqmadıŋmı?didn't you turn upside down? | olqayqmadımı?didn't he turn upside down? | bizqayqmadıqmı?didn't we turn upside down? | sizqayqmadığızmı?didn't you all turn upside down? | alaqayqmadılamı?didn't they turn upside down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayqğanmaI have turned upside down | senqayqğansayou have turned upside down | olqayqğandıhe has turned upside down | bizqayqğanbızwe have turned upside down | sizqayqğansızyou all have turned upside down | alaqayqğandılathey have turned upside down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayqmağanmaI haven't turned upside down | senqayqmağansayou haven't turned upside down | olqayqmağandıhe hasn't turned upside down | bizqayqmağanbızwe haven't turned upside down | sizqayqmağansızyou all haven't turned upside down | alaqayqmağandılathey haven't turned upside down |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayqğanmamı? qayqğanmıma?have I turned upside down? | senqayqğanmısa?have you turned upside down? | olqayqğanmıdı?has he turned upside down? | bizqayqğanbızmı? qayqğanmıbız?have we turned upside down? | sizqayqğanmısız?have you all turned upside down? | alaqayqğanmıdıla?have they turned upside down? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqayqmağanmamı? qayqmağanmıma?haven't I turned upside down? | senqayqmağanmısa?haven't you turned upside down? | olqayqmağanmıdı?hasn't he turned upside down? | bizqayqmağanbızmı? qayqmağanmıbız?haven't we turned upside down? | sizqayqmağanmısız?haven't you all turned upside down? | alaqayqmağanmıdıla?haven't they turned upside down? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqayqıb turdumI kept turning upside down | senqayqıb turduŋyou kept turning upside down | olqayqıb turduhe kept turning upside down | bizqayqıb turduqwe kept turning upside down | sizqayqıb turduğuzyou all kept turning upside down | alaqayqıb turdulathey kept turning upside down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqayqıb turmadımI didn't keep turning upside down | senqayqıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep turning upside down | olqayqıb turmadıhe didn't keep turning upside down | bizqayqıb turmadıqwe didn't keep turning upside down | sizqayqıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep turning upside down | alaqayqıb turmadılathey didn't keep turning upside down |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayqarmaI will turn upside down | senqayqarsayou will turn upside down | olqayqarhe will turn upside down | bizqayqarbızwe will turn upside down | sizqayqarsızyou all will turn upside down | alaqayqarlathey will turn upside down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayqmazmaI won't turn upside down | senqayqmazsayou won't turn upside down | olqayqmazhe won't turn upside down | bizqayqmazbızwe won't turn upside down | sizqayqmazsızyou all won't turn upside down | alaqayqmazlathey won't turn upside down |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayqarmamı? qayqarmıma?will I turn upside down? | senqayqarmısa?will you turn upside down? | olqayqarmı?will he turn upside down? | bizqayqarbızmı? qayqarmıbız?will we turn upside down? | sizqayqarmısız?will you all turn upside down? | alaqayqarlamı? qayqarmıla?will they turn upside down? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqayqmazmamı? qayqmazmıma?won't I turn upside down? | senqayqmazmısa?won't you turn upside down? | olqayqmazmı?won't he turn upside down? | bizqayqmazbızmı? qayqmazmıbız?won't we turn upside down? | sizqayqmazmısız?won't you all turn upside down? | alaqayqmazlamı? qayqmazmıla?won't they turn upside down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayqarıqmaI am going to turn upside down | senqayqarıqsayou are going to turn upside down | olqayqarıqdıhe is going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıqbızwe are going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıqsızyou all are going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıqdılathey are going to turn upside down |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayqarıq tülmeI am not going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq tülseyou are not going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq tüldühe is not going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq tülbüzwe are not going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq tüldülethey are not going to turn upside down |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayqarıqmamı? qayqarıqmıma?am I going to turn upside down? | senqayqarıqmısa?are you going to turn upside down? | olqayqarıqmıdı?is he going to turn upside down? | bizqayqarıqbızmı? qayqarıqmıbız?are we going to turn upside down? | sizqayqarıqmısız?are you all going to turn upside down? | alaqayqarıqmıdıla?are they going to turn upside down? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqayqarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to turn upside down? | senqayqarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to turn upside down? | olqayqarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to turn upside down? | bizqayqarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to turn upside down? | sizqayqarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to turn upside down? | alaqayqarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to turn upside down? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqayqğan edimqayqğanemI had turned upside down | senqayqğan ediŋqayqğaneŋyou had turned upside down | olqayqğan ediqayqğanedhe had turned upside down | bizqayqğan edikqayqğanekwe had turned upside down | sizqayqğan edigizqayqğanegizyou all had turned upside down | alaqayqğan edileqayqğanellethey had turned upside down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqayqmağan edimqayqmağanemI hadn't turned upside down | senqayqmağan ediŋqayqmağaneŋyou hadn't turned upside down | olqayqmağan ediqayqmağanedhe hadn't turned upside down | bizqayqmağan edikqayqmağanekwe hadn't turned upside down | sizqayqmağan edigizqayqmağanegizyou all hadn't turned upside down | alaqayqmağan edileqayqmağanellethey hadn't turned upside down |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqayqa edimqayqaemI was turning upside down | senqayqa ediŋqayqaeŋyou were turning upside down | olqayqa ediqayqaedhe was turning upside down | bizqayqa edikqayqaekwe were turning upside down | sizqayqa edigizqayqaegizyou all were turning upside down | alaqayqa edileqayqaellethey were turning upside down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqayqmay edimqayqmayemI wasn't turning upside down | senqayqmay ediŋqayqmayeŋyou weren't turning upside down | olqayqmay ediqayqmayedhe wasn't turning upside down | bizqayqmay edikqayqmayekwe weren't turning upside down | sizqayqmay edigizqayqmayegizyou all weren't turning upside down | alaqayqmay edileqayqmayellethey weren't turning upside down |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqayqıwçan edimqayqıwçanemI used to turn upside down | senqayqıwçan ediŋqayqıwçaneŋyou used to turn upside down | olqayqıwçan ediqayqıwçanedhe used to turn upside down | bizqayqıwçan edikqayqıwçanekwe used to turn upside down | sizqayqıwçan edigizqayqıwçanegizyou all used to turn upside down | alaqayqıwçan edileqayqıwçanellethey used to turn upside down |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqayqmawçan edimqayqmawçanemI didn't use to turn upside down | senqayqmawçan ediŋqayqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to turn upside down | olqayqmawçan ediqayqmawçanedhe didn't use to turn upside down | bizqayqmawçan edikqayqmawçanekwe didn't use to turn upside down | sizqayqmawçan edigizqayqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to turn upside down | alaqayqmawçan edileqayqmawçanellethey didn't use to turn upside down |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqayqıb edihe had turned upside down and remained so | alaqayqıb edilethey had turned upside down and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqayqıb tül edihe hadn't turned upside down | alaqayqıb tül edilethey hadn't turned upside down | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqayqıb tura edimqayqıb turaemI had kept turning upside down | senqayqıb tura ediŋqayqıb turaeŋyou had kept turning upside down | olqayqıb tura ediqayqıb turaedhe had kept turning upside down | bizqayqıb tura edikqayqıb turaekwe had kept turning upside down | sizqayqıb tura edigizqayqıb turaegizyou all had kept turning upside down | alaqayqıb tura edileqayqıb turaellethey had kept turning upside down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqayqıb turmay edimqayqıb turmayemI hadn't kept turning upside down | senqayqıb turmay ediŋqayqıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept turning upside down | olqayqıb turmay ediqayqıb turmayedhe hadn't kept turning upside down | bizqayqıb turmay edikqayqıb turmayekwe hadn't kept turning upside down | sizqayqıb turmay edigizqayqıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept turning upside down | alaqayqıb turmay edileqayqıb turmayellethey hadn't kept turning upside down |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqayqa tura edimqayqa turaemI was in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa tura ediŋqayqa turaeŋyou were in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa tura ediqayqa turaedhe was in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa tura edikqayqa turaekwe were in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa tura edigizqayqa turaegizyou all were in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa tura edileqayqa turaellethey were in the middle of turning upside down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqayqa turmay edimqayqa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa turmay ediŋqayqa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa turmay ediqayqa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa turmay edikqayqa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa turmay edigizqayqa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa turmay edileqayqa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of turning upside down |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqayqar edimqayqar emI would turn upside down | senqayqar ediŋqayqar eŋyou would turn upside down | olqayqar ediqayqar edhe would turn upside down | bizqayqar edikqayqar ekwe would turn upside down | sizqayqar edigizqayqar egizyou all would turn upside down | alaqayqar edileqayqar ellethey would turn upside down |
| Conditional result (would) | menqayqmaz edimqayqmaz emI wouldn't turn upside down | senqayqmaz ediŋqayqmaz eŋyou wouldn't turn upside down | olqayqmaz ediqayqmaz edhe wouldn't turn upside down | bizqayqmaz edikqayqmaz ekwe wouldn't turn upside down | sizqayqmaz edigizqayqmaz egizyou all wouldn't turn upside down | alaqayqmaz edileqayqmaz ellethey wouldn't turn upside down |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqayqarıq edimqayqarıq emI would have turned upside down | senqayqarıq ediŋqayqarıq eŋyou would have turned upside down | olqayqarıq ediqayqarıq edhe would have turned upside down | bizqayqarıq edikqayqarıq ekwe would have turned upside down | sizqayqarıq edigizqayqarıq egizyou all would have turned upside down | alaqayqarıq edileqayqarıq ellethey would have turned upside down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqayqarıq tül edimqayqarıq tül emI wouldn't have turned upside down | senqayqarıq tül ediŋqayqarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have turned upside down | olqayqarıq tül ediqayqarıq tül edhe wouldn't have turned upside down | bizqayqarıq tül edikqayqarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have turned upside down | sizqayqarıq tül edigizqayqarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have turned upside down | alaqayqarıq tül edileqayqarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have turned upside down |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqayqsamif I turn upside down | senqayqsaŋif you turn upside down | olqayqsaif he turns upside down | bizqayqsaqif we turn upside down | sizqayqsağızif you all turn upside down | alaqayqsalaif they turn upside down |
| Conditional | menqayqmasamif I don't turn upside down | senqayqmasaŋif you don't turn upside down | olqayqmasaif he doesn't turn upside down | bizqayqmasaqif we don't turn upside down | sizqayqmasağızif you all don't turn upside down | alaqayqmasalaif they don't turn upside down |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqayqa esemif I am turning upside down | senqayqa eseŋif you are turning upside down | olqayqa eseif he is turning upside down | bizqayqa esekif we are turning upside down | sizqayqa esegizif you all are turning upside down | alaqayqa eseleif they are turning upside down |
| Conditional, present real | menqayqmay esemif I am not turning upside down | senqayqmay eseŋif you are not turning upside down | olqayqmay eseif he is not turning upside down | bizqayqmay esekif we are not turning upside down | sizqayqmay esegizif you all are not turning upside down | alaqayqmay eseleif they are not turning upside down |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqayqsam ediqayqsam edif only I turned upside down | senqayqsaŋ ediqayqsaŋ edif only you turned upside down | olqayqsa ediqayqsaedif only he turned upside down | bizqayqsaq ediqayqsaq edif only we turned upside down | sizqayqsağız ediqayqsağız edif only you all turned upside down | alaqayqsala ediqayqsalaedif only they turned upside down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqayqmasam ediqayqmasam edif only I didn't turn upside down | senqayqmasaŋ ediqayqmasaŋ edif only you didn't turn upside down | olqayqmasa ediqayqmasaedif only he didn't turn upside down | bizqayqmasaq ediqayqmasaq edif only we didn't turn upside down | sizqayqmasağız ediqayqmasağız edif only you all didn't turn upside down | alaqayqmasala ediqayqmasalaedif only they didn't turn upside down |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqayqıb tursamif I carry on turning upside down | senqayqıb tursaŋif you carry on turning upside down | olqayqıb tursaif he carries on turning upside down | bizqayqıb tursaqif we carry on turning upside down | sizqayqıb tursağızif you all carry on turning upside down | alaqayqıb tursalaif they carry on turning upside down |
| Durative conditional | menqayqıb turmasamif I don't carry on turning upside down | senqayqıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on turning upside down | olqayqıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on turning upside down | bizqayqıb turmasaqif we don't carry on turning upside down | sizqayqıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on turning upside down | alaqayqıb turmasalaif they don't carry on turning upside down |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqayqıb tura esemif I have kept turning upside down | senqayqıb tura eseŋif you have kept turning upside down | olqayqıb tura eseif he has kept turning upside down | bizqayqıb tura esekif we have kept turning upside down | sizqayqıb tura esegizif you all have kept turning upside down | alaqayqıb tura eseleif they have kept turning upside down |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqayqıb turmay esemif I haven't kept turning upside down | senqayqıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept turning upside down | olqayqıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept turning upside down | bizqayqıb turmay esekif we haven't kept turning upside down | sizqayqıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept turning upside down | alaqayqıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept turning upside down |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqayqa tursamif I keep turning upside down | senqayqa tursaŋif you keep turning upside down | olqayqa tursaif he keeps turning upside down | bizqayqa tursaqif we keep turning upside down | sizqayqa tursağızif you all keep turning upside down | alaqayqa tursalaif they keep turning upside down |
| Progressive conditional | menqayqmay tursamif I keep on not turning upside down | senqayqmay tursaŋif you keep on not turning upside down | olqayqmay tursaif he keeps on not turning upside down | bizqayqmay tursaqif we keep on not turning upside down | sizqayqmay tursağızif you all keep on not turning upside down | alaqayqmay tursalaif they keep on not turning upside down |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqayqa tura esemif I am in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa tura eseif he is in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa tura esekif we are in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa tura eseleif they are in the middle of turning upside down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqayqmay tura esemif I keep on not turning upside down | senqayqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not turning upside down | olqayqmay tura eseif he keeps on not turning upside down | bizqayqmay tura esekif we keep on not turning upside down | sizqayqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not turning upside down | alaqayqmay tura eseleif they keep on not turning upside down |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqayqdım esemif I turned upside down | senqayqdıŋ eseŋif you turned upside down | olqayqdı eseif he turned upside down | bizqayqdıq esekif we turned upside down | sizqayqdığız esegizif you all turned upside down | alaqayqdıla eseleif they turned upside down |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqayqmadım esemif I didn't turn upside down | senqayqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't turn upside down | olqayqmadı eseif he didn't turn upside down | bizqayqmadıq esekif we didn't turn upside down | sizqayqmadığız esegizif you all didn't turn upside down | alaqayqmadıla eseleif they didn't turn upside down |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqayqğan esemif I did turn upside down (indeed) | senqayqğan eseŋif you did turn upside down (indeed) | olqayqğan eseif he did turn upside down (indeed) | bizqayqğan esekif we did turn upside down (indeed) | sizqayqğan esegizif you all did turn upside down (indeed) | alaqayqğan eseleif they did turn upside down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqayqmağan esemif I didn't turn upside down (indeed) | senqayqmağan eseŋif you didn't turn upside down (indeed) | olqayqmağan eseif he didn't turn upside down (indeed) | bizqayqmağan esekif we didn't turn upside down (indeed) | sizqayqmağan esegizif you all didn't turn upside down (indeed) | alaqayqmağan eseleif they didn't turn upside down (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqayqğan bolsamif I had turned upside down | senqayqğan bolsaŋif you had turned upside down | olqayqğan bolsaif he had turned upside down | bizqayqğan bolsaqif we had turned upside down | sizqayqğan bolsağızif you all had turned upside down | alaqayqğan bolsalaif they had turned upside down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqayqmağan bolsamif I hadn't turned upside down | senqayqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't turned upside down | olqayqmağan bolsaif he hadn't turned upside down | bizqayqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't turned upside down | sizqayqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't turned upside down | alaqayqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't turned upside down |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqayqğan bolsam ediqayqğan bolsam edif only I had turned upside down | senqayqğan bolsaŋ ediqayqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had turned upside down | olqayqğan bolsa ediqayqğan bolsaedif only he had turned upside down | bizqayqğan bolsaq ediqayqğan bolsaq edif only we had turned upside down | sizqayqğan bolsağız ediqayqğan bolsağız edif only you all had turned upside down | alaqayqğan bolsala ediqayqğan bolsalaedif only they had turned upside down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqayqmağan bolsam ediqayqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't turned upside down | senqayqmağan bolsaŋ ediqayqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't turned upside down | olqayqmağan bolsa ediqayqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't turned upside down | bizqayqmağan bolsaq ediqayqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't turned upside down | sizqayqmağan bolsağız ediqayqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't turned upside down | alaqayqmağan bolsala ediqayqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't turned upside down |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqayqar esemif I will turn upside down | senqayqar eseŋif you will turn upside down | olqayqar eseif he will turn upside down | bizqayqar esekif we will turn upside down | sizqayqar esegizif you all will turn upside down | alaqayqar eseleif they will turn upside down |
| Conditional, aorist | menqayqmaz esemif I won't turn upside down | senqayqmaz eseŋif you won't turn upside down | olqayqmaz eseif he won't turn upside down | bizqayqmaz esekif we won't turn upside down | sizqayqmaz esegizif you all won't turn upside down | alaqayqmaz eseleif they won't turn upside down |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqayqarıq esemif I am going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq eseŋif you are going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq eseif he is going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq esekif we are going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq esegizif you all are going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq eseleif they are going to turn upside down |
| Conditional, future | menqayqarıq tül esemif I am not going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq tül eseif he is not going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq tül esekif we are not going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq tül eseleif they are not going to turn upside down |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqayqarıq bolsamif I were going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq bolsaŋif you were going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq bolsaif he were going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq bolsaqif we were going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq bolsağızif you all were going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq bolsalaif they were going to turn upside down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqayqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to turn upside down | senqayqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to turn upside down | olqayqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to turn upside down | bizqayqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to turn upside down | sizqayqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to turn upside down | alaqayqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to turn upside down |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qayqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqayqa bolurmaI must be turning upside down | senqayqa bolursayou must be turning upside down | olqayqa bolurhe must be turning upside down | bizqayqa bolurbuzwe must be turning upside down | sizqayqa bolursuzyou all must be turning upside down | alaqayqa bolurlathey must be turning upside down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqayqmay bolurmaI must not be turning upside down | senqayqmay bolursayou must not be turning upside down | olqayqmay bolurhe must not be turning upside down | bizqayqmay bolurbuzwe must not be turning upside down | sizqayqmay bolursuzyou all must not be turning upside down | alaqayqmay bolurlathey must not be turning upside down |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqayqa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of turning upside down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqayqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not turning upside down | senqayqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not turning upside down | olqayqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not turning upside down | bizqayqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not turning upside down | sizqayqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not turning upside down | alaqayqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not turning upside down |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqayqğan bolurmaI must have turned upside down | senqayqğan bolursayou must have turned upside down | olqayqğan bolurhe must have turned upside down | bizqayqğan bolurbuzwe must have turned upside down | sizqayqğan bolursuzyou all must have turned upside down | alaqayqğan bolurlathey must have turned upside down |
| Inference (must have) | menqayqmağan bolurmaI must not have turned upside down | senqayqmağan bolursayou must not have turned upside down | olqayqmağan bolurhe must not have turned upside down | bizqayqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have turned upside down | sizqayqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have turned upside down | alaqayqmağan bolurlathey must not have turned upside down |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqayqarıq bolurmaI must be going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq bolursayou must be going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq bolurhe must be going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq bolurlathey must be going to turn upside down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqayqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to turn upside down | senqayqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to turn upside down | olqayqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to turn upside down | bizqayqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to turn upside down | sizqayqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to turn upside down | alaqayqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to turn upside down |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqayqayımlet me turn upside down | senqayq!turn upside down! | olqayqsınlet him turn upside down | bizqayqayıqlet's turn upside down | sizqayqığız!turn upside down, you all! | alaqayqsınlalet them turn upside down |
| Commands & suggestions | menqayqmayımlet me not turn upside down | senqayqma!don't turn upside down! | olqayqmasınlet him not turn upside down | bizqayqmayıqlet's not turn upside down | sizqayqmağız!don't turn upside down, you all! | alaqayqmasınlalet them not turn upside down |
| Commands & suggestions | menqayqayımmı?shall I turn upside down? | olqayqsınmı?should he turn upside down? | bizqayqayıqmı?shall we turn upside down? | alaqayqsınlamı?should they turn upside down? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqayqmayımmı?shall I not turn upside down? | olqayqmasınmı?should he not turn upside down? | bizqayqmayıqmı?shall we not turn upside down? | alaqayqmasınlamı?should they not turn upside down? | ||
| Requests | senqayqçı2qayqçınplease turn upside down | olqayqsınçıdo let him turn upside down | sizqayqçığızplease turn upside down (plural/polite) | alaqayqsınlaçıdo let them turn upside down | ||
| Requests | senqayqmaçı2qayqmaçınplease don't turn upside down | olqayqmasınçıdo let him not turn upside down | sizqayqmaçığızplease don't turn upside down (plural/polite) | alaqayqmasınlaçıdo let them not turn upside down | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqayqğınqayqğımay you turn upside down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqayqmağınqayqmağımay you not turn upside down | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqayqğay edim qayqğa edimwould that I turned upside down | senqayqğay ediŋ qayqğa ediŋwould that you turned upside down | olqayqğay edi qayqğa ediwould that he turned upside down | bizqayqğay edik qayqğa edikwould that we turned upside down | sizqayqğay edigiz qayqğa edigizwould that you all turned upside down | alaqayqğay edile qayqğa edilewould that they turned upside down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqayqmağay edim qayqmağa edimwould that I did not turn upside down | senqayqmağay ediŋ qayqmağa ediŋwould that you did not turn upside down | olqayqmağay edi qayqmağa ediwould that he did not turn upside down | bizqayqmağay edik qayqmağa edikwould that we did not turn upside down | sizqayqmağay edigiz qayqmağa edigizwould that you all did not turn upside down | alaqayqmağay edile qayqmağa edilewould that they did not turn upside down |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqayqmağa qoyayımqayqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoy!qayqma qoy!let someone turn upside down! | olqayqmağa qoysunqayqma qoysunlet him allow someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoyayıqqayqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoyuğuz!qayqma qoyuğuz!let someone turn upside down, you all! | alaqayqmağa qoysunlaqayqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqayqmağa qoymayımqayqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoyma!qayqma qoyma!don't let someone turn upside down! | olqayqmağa qoymasınqayqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoymayıqqayqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoymağız!qayqma qoymağız!don't let someone turn upside down, you all! | alaqayqmağa qoymasınlaqayqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqayqmağa qoyayımmı?qayqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoysunmu?qayqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoyayıqmı?qayqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoysunlamı?qayqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to turn upside down? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqayqmağa qoymayımmı?qayqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoymasınmı?qayqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoymayıqmı?qayqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoymasınlamı?qayqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to turn upside down? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqayqmağa qoyamaqayqma qoyamaI allow someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoyasaqayqma qoyasayou allow someone to turn upside down | olqayqmağa qoyadıqayqma qoyadıhe allows someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoyabızqayqma qoyabızwe allow someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoyasızqayqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to turn upside down | alaqayqmağa qoyadılaqayqma qoyadılathey allow someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (present) | menqayqmağa qoymaymaqayqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoymaysaqayqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to turn upside down | olqayqmağa qoymaydıqayqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoymaybızqayqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoymaysızqayqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to turn upside down | alaqayqmağa qoymaydılaqayqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (present) | menqayqmağa qoyamamı?qayqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to turn upside down? | senqayqmağa qoyamısa?qayqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoyamıdı?qayqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoyabızmı?qayqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to turn upside down? | sizqayqmağa qoyamısız?qayqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoyamıdıla?qayqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to turn upside down? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqayqmağa qoymaymamı?qayqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to turn upside down? | senqayqmağa qoymaymısa?qayqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoymaymıdı?qayqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoymaybızmı?qayqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to turn upside down? | sizqayqmağa qoymaymısız?qayqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoymaymıdıla?qayqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to turn upside down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqayqmağa qoydumqayqma qoydumI allowed someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoyduŋqayqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to turn upside down | olqayqmağa qoyduqayqma qoyduhe allowed someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoyduqqayqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoyduğuzqayqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to turn upside down | alaqayqmağa qoydulaqayqma qoydulathey allowed someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (past) | menqayqmağa qoymadımqayqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to turn upside down | senqayqmağa qoymadıŋqayqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to turn upside down | olqayqmağa qoymadıqayqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to turn upside down | bizqayqmağa qoymadıqqayqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to turn upside down | sizqayqmağa qoymadığızqayqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to turn upside down | alaqayqmağa qoymadılaqayqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to turn upside down |
| Let someone… (past) | menqayqmağa qoydummu?qayqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to turn upside down? | senqayqmağa qoyduŋmu?qayqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoydumu?qayqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoyduqmu?qayqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to turn upside down? | sizqayqmağa qoyduğuzmu?qayqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoydulamı?qayqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to turn upside down? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqayqmağa qoymadımmı?qayqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to turn upside down? | senqayqmağa qoymadıŋmı?qayqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to turn upside down? | olqayqmağa qoymadımı?qayqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to turn upside down? | bizqayqmağa qoymadıqmı?qayqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to turn upside down? | sizqayqmağa qoymadığızmı?qayqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to turn upside down? | alaqayqmağa qoymadılamı?qayqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to turn upside down? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qayqalırğa be able to turn upside down · qayqalmazğa be unable to turn upside down
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqayqalamaI can turn upside down | senqayqalasayou can turn upside down | olqayqaladıhe can turn upside down | bizqayqalabızwe can turn upside down | sizqayqalasızyou all can turn upside down | alaqayqaladılathey can turn upside down |
| Ability — present | menqayqalmaymaI can't turn upside down | senqayqalmaysayou can't turn upside down | olqayqalmaydıhe can't turn upside down | bizqayqalmaybızwe can't turn upside down | sizqayqalmaysızyou all can't turn upside down | alaqayqalmaydılathey can't turn upside down |
| Ability — present | menqayqalamamı? qayqalamıma?can I turn upside down? | senqayqalamısa?can you turn upside down? | olqayqalamıdı?can he turn upside down? | bizqayqalabızmı? qayqalamıbız?can we turn upside down? | sizqayqalamısız?can you all turn upside down? | alaqayqalamıdıla?can they turn upside down? |
| Ability — present | menqayqalmaymamı? qayqalmaymıma?can't I turn upside down? | senqayqalmaymısa?can't you turn upside down? | olqayqalmaymıdı?can't he turn upside down? | bizqayqalmaybızmı? qayqalmaymıbız?can't we turn upside down? | sizqayqalmaymısız?can't you all turn upside down? | alaqayqalmaymıdıla?can't they turn upside down? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqayqalsamif I can turn upside down | senqayqalsaŋif you can turn upside down | olqayqalsaif he can turn upside down | bizqayqalsaqif we can turn upside down | sizqayqalsağızif you all can turn upside down | alaqayqalsalaif they can turn upside down |
| Ability — if I can… | menqayqalmasamif I can't turn upside down | senqayqalmasaŋif you can't turn upside down | olqayqalmasaif he can't turn upside down | bizqayqalmasaqif we can't turn upside down | sizqayqalmasağızif you all can't turn upside down | alaqayqalmasalaif they can't turn upside down |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqayqaldımI was able to turn upside down | senqayqaldıŋyou were able to turn upside down | olqayqaldıhe was able to turn upside down | bizqayqaldıqwe were able to turn upside down | sizqayqaldığızyou all were able to turn upside down | alaqayqaldılathey were able to turn upside down |
| Ability — simple past | menqayqalmadımI could not turn upside down | senqayqalmadıŋyou could not turn upside down | olqayqalmadıhe could not turn upside down | bizqayqalmadıqwe could not turn upside down | sizqayqalmadığızyou all could not turn upside down | alaqayqalmadılathey could not turn upside down |
| Ability — simple past | menqayqaldımmı?was I able to turn upside down? | senqayqaldıŋmı?were you able to turn upside down? | olqayqaldımı?was he able to turn upside down? | bizqayqaldıqmı?were we able to turn upside down? | sizqayqaldığızmı?were you all able to turn upside down? | alaqayqaldılamı?were they able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — simple past | menqayqalmadımmı?couldn't I turn upside down? | senqayqalmadıŋmı?couldn't you turn upside down? | olqayqalmadımı?couldn't he turn upside down? | bizqayqalmadıqmı?couldn't we turn upside down? | sizqayqalmadığızmı?couldn't you all turn upside down? | alaqayqalmadılamı?couldn't they turn upside down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayqalğanmaI have been able to turn upside down | senqayqalğansayou have been able to turn upside down | olqayqalğandıhe has been able to turn upside down | bizqayqalğanbızwe have been able to turn upside down | sizqayqalğansızyou all have been able to turn upside down | alaqayqalğandılathey have been able to turn upside down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayqalmağanmaI haven't been able to turn upside down | senqayqalmağansayou haven't been able to turn upside down | olqayqalmağandıhe hasn't been able to turn upside down | bizqayqalmağanbızwe haven't been able to turn upside down | sizqayqalmağansızyou all haven't been able to turn upside down | alaqayqalmağandılathey haven't been able to turn upside down |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayqalğanmamı? qayqalğanmıma?have I been able to turn upside down? | senqayqalğanmısa?have you been able to turn upside down? | olqayqalğanmıdı?has he been able to turn upside down? | bizqayqalğanbızmı? qayqalğanmıbız?have we been able to turn upside down? | sizqayqalğanmısız?have you all been able to turn upside down? | alaqayqalğanmıdıla?have they been able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqayqalmağanmamı? qayqalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to turn upside down? | senqayqalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to turn upside down? | olqayqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to turn upside down? | bizqayqalmağanbızmı? qayqalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to turn upside down? | sizqayqalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to turn upside down? | alaqayqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqayqalğan edimqayqalğanemI had been able to turn upside down | senqayqalğan ediŋqayqalğaneŋyou had been able to turn upside down | olqayqalğan ediqayqalğanedhe had been able to turn upside down | bizqayqalğan edikqayqalğanekwe had been able to turn upside down | sizqayqalğan edigizqayqalğanegizyou all had been able to turn upside down | alaqayqalğan edileqayqalğanellethey had been able to turn upside down |
| Ability — past perfect | menqayqalmağan edimqayqalmağanemI hadn't been able to turn upside down | senqayqalmağan ediŋqayqalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to turn upside down | olqayqalmağan ediqayqalmağanedhe hadn't been able to turn upside down | bizqayqalmağan edikqayqalmağanekwe hadn't been able to turn upside down | sizqayqalmağan edigizqayqalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to turn upside down | alaqayqalmağan edileqayqalmağanellethey hadn't been able to turn upside down |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqayqala edimqayqalaemI could turn upside down | senqayqala ediŋqayqalaeŋyou could turn upside down | olqayqala ediqayqalaedhe could turn upside down | bizqayqala edikqayqalaekwe could turn upside down | sizqayqala edigizqayqalaegizyou all could turn upside down | alaqayqala edileqayqalaellethey could turn upside down |
| Ability — past background | menqayqalmay edimqayqalmayemI could not turn upside down | senqayqalmay ediŋqayqalmayeŋyou could not turn upside down | olqayqalmay ediqayqalmayedhe could not turn upside down | bizqayqalmay edikqayqalmayekwe could not turn upside down | sizqayqalmay edigizqayqalmayegizyou all could not turn upside down | alaqayqalmay edileqayqalmayellethey could not turn upside down |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqayqalırmaI will be able to turn upside down | senqayqalırsayou will be able to turn upside down | olqayqalırhe will be able to turn upside down | bizqayqalırbızwe will be able to turn upside down | sizqayqalırsızyou all will be able to turn upside down | alaqayqalırlathey will be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — future I | menqayqalmazmaI won't be able to turn upside down | senqayqalmazsayou won't be able to turn upside down | olqayqalmazhe won't be able to turn upside down | bizqayqalmazbızwe won't be able to turn upside down | sizqayqalmazsızyou all won't be able to turn upside down | alaqayqalmazlathey won't be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — future I | menqayqalırmamı? qayqalırmıma?will I be able to turn upside down? | senqayqalırmısa?will you be able to turn upside down? | olqayqalırmı?will he be able to turn upside down? | bizqayqalırbızmı? qayqalırmıbız?will we be able to turn upside down? | sizqayqalırmısız?will you all be able to turn upside down? | alaqayqalırlamı? qayqalırmıla?will they be able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — future I | menqayqalmazmamı? qayqalmazmıma?won't I be able to turn upside down? | senqayqalmazmısa?won't you be able to turn upside down? | olqayqalmazmı?won't he be able to turn upside down? | bizqayqalmazbızmı? qayqalmazmıbız?won't we be able to turn upside down? | sizqayqalmazmısız?won't you all be able to turn upside down? | alaqayqalmazlamı? qayqalmazmıla?won't they be able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — future II | menqayqallıqmaI am going to be able to turn upside down | senqayqallıqsayou are going to be able to turn upside down | olqayqallıqdıhe is going to be able to turn upside down | bizqayqallıqbızwe are going to be able to turn upside down | sizqayqallıqsızyou all are going to be able to turn upside down | alaqayqallıqdılathey are going to be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — future II | menqayqallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to turn upside down | senqayqallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to turn upside down | olqayqallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to turn upside down | bizqayqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to turn upside down | sizqayqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to turn upside down | alaqayqallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — future II | menqayqallıqmamı? qayqallıqmıma?am I going to be able to turn upside down? | senqayqallıqmısa?are you going to be able to turn upside down? | olqayqallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to turn upside down? | bizqayqallıqbızmı? qayqallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to turn upside down? | sizqayqallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to turn upside down? | alaqayqallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — future II | menqayqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to turn upside down? | senqayqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to turn upside down? | olqayqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to turn upside down? | bizqayqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to turn upside down? | sizqayqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to turn upside down? | alaqayqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to turn upside down? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqayqalır edimqayqalır emI would be able to turn upside down | senqayqalır ediŋqayqalır eŋyou would be able to turn upside down | olqayqalır ediqayqalır edhe would be able to turn upside down | bizqayqalır edikqayqalır ekwe would be able to turn upside down | sizqayqalır edigizqayqalır egizyou all would be able to turn upside down | alaqayqalır edileqayqalır ellethey would be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqayqalmaz edimqayqalmaz emI wouldn't be able to turn upside down | senqayqalmaz ediŋqayqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to turn upside down | olqayqalmaz ediqayqalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to turn upside down | bizqayqalmaz edikqayqalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to turn upside down | sizqayqalmaz edigizqayqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to turn upside down | alaqayqalmaz edileqayqalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to turn upside down |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqayqalğınqayqalğımay you be able to turn upside down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqayqalmağınqayqalmağımay you not be able to turn upside down | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqayqarğa izleymeI want to turn upside down | senqayqarğa izleyseyou want to turn upside down | olqayqarğa izleydihe wants to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa izleybizwe want to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa izleysizyou all want to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa izleydilethey want to turn upside down |
| want to | menqayqarğa izlemeymeI do not want to turn upside down | senqayqarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to turn upside down | olqayqarğa izlemeydihe does not want to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to turn upside down |
| would like to | menqayqarğa süemeI would like to turn upside down | senqayqarğa süeseyou would like to turn upside down | olqayqarğa süedihe would like to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa süebizwe would like to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa süesizyou all would like to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa süedilethey would like to turn upside down |
| would like to | menqayqarğa süymeymeI would not like to turn upside down | senqayqarğa süymeyseyou would not like to turn upside down | olqayqarğa süymeydihe would not like to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa süymeybizwe would not like to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa süymeydilethey would not like to turn upside down |
| hope to | menqayqarğa umutlanamaI hope to turn upside down | senqayqarğa umutlanasayou hope to turn upside down | olqayqarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa umutlanabızwe hope to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa umutlanadılathey hope to turn upside down |
| hope to | menqayqarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to turn upside down | senqayqarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to turn upside down | olqayqarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to turn upside down |
| be about to | menqayqarğa deb turamaI am about to turn upside down | senqayqarğa deb turasayou are about to turn upside down | olqayqarğa deb turadıhe is about to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa deb turabızwe are about to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa deb turasızyou all are about to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa deb turadılathey are about to turn upside down |
| be about to | menqayqarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to turn upside down | senqayqarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to turn upside down | olqayqarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to turn upside down |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqayqarğa kerekmeI need to turn upside down | senqayqarğa kerekseyou need to turn upside down | olqayqarğa kerekdihe needs to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa kerekbizwe need to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa kereksizyou all need to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa kerekdilethey need to turn upside down |
| need to | menqayqarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to turn upside down | senqayqarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to turn upside down | olqayqarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to turn upside down |
| have to | menmenŋe qayqarğa tüşediI have to turn upside down | sensenŋe qayqarğa tüşediyou have to turn upside down | olaŋa qayqarğa tüşedihe has to turn upside down | bizbizge qayqarğa tüşediwe have to turn upside down | sizsizge qayqarğa tüşediyou all have to turn upside down | alaalağa qayqarğa tüşedithey have to turn upside down |
| have to | menmenŋe qayqarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to turn upside down | sensenŋe qayqarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to turn upside down | olaŋa qayqarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to turn upside down | bizbizge qayqarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to turn upside down | sizsizge qayqarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to turn upside down | alaalağa qayqarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to turn upside down |
| be obliged to | menqayqarğa borçlumaI am obliged to turn upside down | senqayqarğa borçlusayou are obliged to turn upside down | olqayqarğa borçluduhe is obliged to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa borçludulathey are obliged to turn upside down |
| be obliged to | menqayqarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to turn upside down | senqayqarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to turn upside down | olqayqarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to turn upside down |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqayqarğa madarım bardıI have a way to turn upside down | senqayqarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to turn upside down | olqayqarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to turn upside down |
| have a way to | menqayqarğa madarım joqduI have no way to turn upside down | senqayqarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to turn upside down | olqayqarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to turn upside down |
| be free to | menqayqarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to turn upside down | senqayqarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to turn upside down | olqayqarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to turn upside down |
| be free to | menqayqarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to turn upside down | senqayqarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to turn upside down | olqayqarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to turn upside down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to turn upside down | sensenŋe qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to turn upside down | olaŋa qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to turn upside down | bizbizge qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to turn upside down | sizsizge qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to turn upside down | alaalağa qayqarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to turn upside down |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to turn upside down | sensenŋe qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to turn upside down | olaŋa qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to turn upside down | bizbizge qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to turn upside down | sizsizge qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to turn upside down | alaalağa qayqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to turn upside down |
| be ready to | menqayqarğa hazırmaI am ready to turn upside down | senqayqarğa hazırsayou are ready to turn upside down | olqayqarğa hazırdıhe is ready to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa hazırbızwe are ready to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa hazırdılathey are ready to turn upside down |
| be ready to | menqayqarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to turn upside down | senqayqarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to turn upside down | olqayqarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to turn upside down |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqayqarğa küreşemeI am trying to turn upside down | senqayqarğa küreşeseyou are trying to turn upside down | olqayqarğa küreşedihe is trying to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa küreşebizwe are trying to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa küreşedilethey are trying to turn upside down |
| try to | menqayqarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to turn upside down | senqayqarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to turn upside down | olqayqarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to turn upside down |
| agree to | menqayqarğa unaymaI agree to turn upside down | senqayqarğa unaysayou agree to turn upside down | olqayqarğa unaydıhe agrees to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa unaybızwe agree to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa unaysızyou all agree to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa unaydılathey agree to turn upside down |
| agree to | menqayqarğa unamaymaI refuse to turn upside down | senqayqarğa unamaysayou refuse to turn upside down | olqayqarğa unamaydıhe refuses to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa unamaybızwe refuse to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa unamaydılathey refuse to turn upside down |
| hurry to | menqayqarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to turn upside down | senqayqarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to turn upside down | olqayqarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to turn upside down |
| hurry to | menqayqarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to turn upside down | senqayqarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to turn upside down | olqayqarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to turn upside down |
| be afraid to | menqayqarğa qorqamaI am afraid to turn upside down | senqayqarğa qorqasayou are afraid to turn upside down | olqayqarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to turn upside down |
| be afraid to | menqayqarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to turn upside down | senqayqarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to turn upside down | olqayqarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to turn upside down | bizqayqarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to turn upside down | sizqayqarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to turn upside down | alaqayqarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to turn upside down |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqayqa bolmazmaI can't be turning upside down | senqayqa bolmazsayou can't be turning upside down | olqayqa bolmazhe can't be turning upside down | bizqayqa bolmazbızwe can't be turning upside down | sizqayqa bolmazsızyou all can't be turning upside down | alaqayqa bolmazlathey can't be turning upside down |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqayqmay bolmazmaI must be turning upside down (emphatic) | senqayqmay bolmazsayou must be turning upside down (emphatic) | olqayqmay bolmazhe must be turning upside down (emphatic) | bizqayqmay bolmazbızwe must be turning upside down (emphatic) | sizqayqmay bolmazsızyou all must be turning upside down (emphatic) | alaqayqmay bolmazlathey must be turning upside down (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqayqa turmasamif I don't keep turning upside down | senqayqa turmasaŋif you don't keep turning upside down | olqayqa turmasaif he doesn't keep turning upside down | bizqayqa turmasaqif we don't keep turning upside down | sizqayqa turmasağızif you all don't keep turning upside down | alaqayqa turmasalaif they don't keep turning upside down |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqayqa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of turning upside down | senqayqa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of turning upside down | olqayqa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of turning upside down | bizqayqa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of turning upside down | sizqayqa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of turning upside down | alaqayqa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of turning upside down |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqayqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) | senqayqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) | olqayqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) | bizqayqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) | sizqayqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) | alaqayqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not turning upside down (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqayqmay turamaI keep on not turning upside down | senqayqmay turasayou keep on not turning upside down | olqayqmay turadıhe keeps on not turning upside down | bizqayqmay turabızwe keep on not turning upside down | sizqayqmay turasızyou all keep on not turning upside down | alaqayqmay turadılathey keep on not turning upside down |
| Progressive — double negation | menqayqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not turning upside down | senqayqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not turning upside down | olqayqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not turning upside down | bizqayqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not turning upside down | sizqayqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not turning upside down | alaqayqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not turning upside down |
| Progressive — double negation | menqayqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not turning upside down? | senqayqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not turning upside down? | olqayqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not turning upside down? | bizqayqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not turning upside down? | sizqayqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not turning upside down? | alaqayqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not turning upside down? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqayqğan bolmazmaI can't have turned upside down | senqayqğan bolmazsayou can't have turned upside down | olqayqğan bolmazhe can't have turned upside down | bizqayqğan bolmazbızwe can't have turned upside down | sizqayqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have turned upside down | alaqayqğan bolmazlathey can't have turned upside down |
| Inference — double negation | menqayqmağan bolmazmaI must have turned upside down (emphatic) | senqayqmağan bolmazsayou must have turned upside down (emphatic) | olqayqmağan bolmazhe must have turned upside down (emphatic) | bizqayqmağan bolmazbızwe must have turned upside down (emphatic) | sizqayqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have turned upside down (emphatic) | alaqayqmağan bolmazlathey must have turned upside down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqayqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had turned upside down | senqayqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had turned upside down | olqayqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had turned upside down | bizqayqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had turned upside down | sizqayqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had turned upside down | alaqayqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had turned upside down |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqayqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't turned upside down | senqayqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't turned upside down | olqayqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't turned upside down | bizqayqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't turned upside down | sizqayqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't turned upside down | alaqayqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't turned upside down |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqayqarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq bolmazhe can't be going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to turn upside down |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqayqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) | senqayqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) | olqayqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) | bizqayqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) | sizqayqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) | alaqayqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to turn upside down (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqayqarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to turn upside down | senqayqarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to turn upside down | olqayqarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to turn upside down | bizqayqarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to turn upside down | sizqayqarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to turn upside down | alaqayqarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to turn upside down |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqayqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to turn upside down | senqayqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to turn upside down | olqayqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to turn upside down | bizqayqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to turn upside down | sizqayqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to turn upside down | alaqayqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to turn upside down |