aşarğa
/aʃarʁa/
1. to eat
- biz et aşaybız — we eat meat
- ne aşaysa? — what are you eating?
- aşarğa süeme — I like to eat
- et aşarğa — to eat meat
- igi aşarğa — to eat well
- biz aşağanbız — we have eaten
2. to maul, to prey on, to tear at — of wolves and birds of prey
- aşamasa da börünü awuzu qan — even if it has not taken prey, the wolf's mouth is bloody
- aşasa da börü — if it has taken prey, it is a wolf
- börü qoynu aşağandı — the wolf has killed the sheep
- börüle mallanı aşaydıla — wolves prey on livestock
3. to gnaw, to crack, to nibble
- çöplew aşarğa — to crack sunflower seeds
- etin aşarğa — to nag someone constantly
- çöplew aşaydıla — they are cracking sunflower seeds
- it süekni aşaydı — the dog is gnawing the bone
4. to chafe, to rub sore
- ayağımı çuruq aşağandı — the boot has rubbed my foot sore
- çuruq ayağımı aşaydı — the boot is chafing my foot
- atnı boynun aşağandı — it has rubbed the horse's neck sore
5. to eat away, to corrode, to wash away — of worms, moths, or water
- terekni qurt aşağandı — worms have eaten away the tree
- küe aşağandı — the moth has eaten it
- alayın suw aşağandı — the river has washed that place away
6. to appropriate, to embezzle, to squander — of money or property belonging to someone else
- sen meni haqımı aşarğa küreşese — you are trying to take my pay for yourself
- elni aşab tururğa — to fleece the whole village
- ol kaznanı açhasın aşağandı — he squandered the treasury's money
- birewnü qıyının aşarğa — to appropriate someone else's labor
Expressions
- aşağan da ölür, aşamağan da ölür — tasteless food
- aşağanı içine jaraşmazğa — have no peace
- az aşadıŋ ese da, köb jaşa — may you live long
- bir birin baylab aşarğa — eat helping after helping
Conjugation
Common forms
- aşaydıhe is eating
- aşadıhe ate
- aşağandıhe has eaten
- aşarhe will eat
- aşarıqdıhe is going to eat
- aşay edihe was eating
- aşasaif he eats
- aşa!eat!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaşaymaI am eating | senaşaysayou are eating | olaşaydıhe is eating | bizaşaybızwe are eating | sizaşaysızyou all are eating | alaaşaydılathey are eating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaşamaymaI am not eating | senaşamaysayou are not eating | olaşamaydıhe is not eating | bizaşamaybızwe are not eating | sizaşamaysızyou all are not eating | alaaşamaydılathey are not eating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaşaymamı? aşaymıma?am I eating? | senaşaymısa?are you eating? | olaşaymıdı?is he eating? | bizaşaybızmı? aşaymıbız?are we eating? | sizaşaymısız?are you all eating? | alaaşaymıdıla?are they eating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menaşamaymamı? aşamaymıma?aren't I eating? | senaşamaymısa?aren't you eating? | olaşamaymıdı?isn't he eating? | bizaşamaybızmı? aşamaymıbız?aren't we eating? | sizaşamaymısız?aren't you all eating? | alaaşamaymıdıla?aren't they eating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaşawçanmaI usually eat | senaşawçansayou usually eat | olaşawçandıhe usually eats | bizaşawçanbızwe usually eat | sizaşawçansızyou all usually eat | alaaşawçandılathey usually eat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaşawçan tülmeI don't usually eat | senaşawçan tülseyou don't usually eat | olaşawçan tüldühe doesn't usually eat | bizaşawçan tülbüzwe don't usually eat | sizaşawçan tülsüzyou all don't usually eat | alaaşawçan tüldülethey don't usually eat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaşawçanmamı? aşawçanmıma?do I usually eat? | senaşawçanmısa?do you usually eat? | olaşawçanmıdı?does he usually eat? | bizaşawçanbızmı? aşawçanmıbız?do we usually eat? | sizaşawçanmısız?do you all usually eat? | alaaşawçanmıdıla?do they usually eat? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menaşawçan tülmüme?don't I usually eat? | senaşawçan tülmüse?don't you usually eat? | olaşawçan tülmüdü?doesn't he usually eat? | bizaşawçan tülmübüz?don't we usually eat? | sizaşawçan tülmüsüz?don't you all usually eat? | alaaşawçan tülmüdüle?don't they usually eat? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaşabdıhe has eaten and remains so | alaaşabdılathey have eaten and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olaşabmıdı?has he eaten? | alaaşabmıdıla?have they eaten? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaşay turamaI am in the middle of eating | senaşay turasayou are in the middle of eating | olaşay turadıhe is in the middle of eating | bizaşay turabızwe are in the middle of eating | sizaşay turasızyou all are in the middle of eating | alaaşay turadılathey are in the middle of eating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaşay turmaymaI am not in the middle of eating | senaşay turmaysayou are not in the middle of eating | olaşay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of eating | bizaşay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of eating | sizaşay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of eating | alaaşay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of eating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaşay turamamı? aşay turamıma?am I in the middle of eating? | senaşay turamısa?are you in the middle of eating? | olaşay turamıdı?is he in the middle of eating? | bizaşay turabızmı? aşay turamıbız?are we in the middle of eating? | sizaşay turamısız?are you all in the middle of eating? | alaaşay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of eating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menaşay turmaymamı? aşay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of eating? | senaşay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of eating? | olaşay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of eating? | bizaşay turmaybızmı? aşay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of eating? | sizaşay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of eating? | alaaşay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of eating? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaşadımI ate | senaşadıŋyou ate | olaşadıhe ate | bizaşadıqwe ate | sizaşadığızyou all ate | alaaşadılathey ate |
| Simple past (definite) | menaşamadımI didn't eat | senaşamadıŋyou didn't eat | olaşamadıhe didn't eat | bizaşamadıqwe didn't eat | sizaşamadığızyou all didn't eat | alaaşamadılathey didn't eat |
| Simple past (definite) | menaşadımmı?did I eat? | senaşadıŋmı?did you eat? | olaşadımı?did he eat? | bizaşadıqmı?did we eat? | sizaşadığızmı?did you all eat? | alaaşadılamı?did they eat? |
| Simple past (definite) | menaşamadımmı?didn't I eat? | senaşamadıŋmı?didn't you eat? | olaşamadımı?didn't he eat? | bizaşamadıqmı?didn't we eat? | sizaşamadığızmı?didn't you all eat? | alaaşamadılamı?didn't they eat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaşağanmaI have eaten | senaşağansayou have eaten | olaşağandıhe has eaten | bizaşağanbızwe have eaten | sizaşağansızyou all have eaten | alaaşağandılathey have eaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaşamağanmaI haven't eaten | senaşamağansayou haven't eaten | olaşamağandıhe hasn't eaten | bizaşamağanbızwe haven't eaten | sizaşamağansızyou all haven't eaten | alaaşamağandılathey haven't eaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaşağanmamı? aşağanmıma?have I eaten? | senaşağanmısa?have you eaten? | olaşağanmıdı?has he eaten? | bizaşağanbızmı? aşağanmıbız?have we eaten? | sizaşağanmısız?have you all eaten? | alaaşağanmıdıla?have they eaten? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menaşamağanmamı? aşamağanmıma?haven't I eaten? | senaşamağanmısa?haven't you eaten? | olaşamağanmıdı?hasn't he eaten? | bizaşamağanbızmı? aşamağanmıbız?haven't we eaten? | sizaşamağanmısız?haven't you all eaten? | alaaşamağanmıdıla?haven't they eaten? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaşarmaI will eat | senaşarsayou will eat | olaşarhe will eat | bizaşarbızwe will eat | sizaşarsızyou all will eat | alaaşarlathey will eat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaşamazmaI won't eat | senaşamazsayou won't eat | olaşamazhe won't eat | bizaşamazbızwe won't eat | sizaşamazsızyou all won't eat | alaaşamazlathey won't eat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaşarmamı? aşarmıma?will I eat? | senaşarmısa?will you eat? | olaşarmı?will he eat? | bizaşarbızmı? aşarmıbız?will we eat? | sizaşarmısız?will you all eat? | alaaşarlamı? aşarmıla?will they eat? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menaşamazmamı? aşamazmıma?won't I eat? | senaşamazmısa?won't you eat? | olaşamazmı?won't he eat? | bizaşamazbızmı? aşamazmıbız?won't we eat? | sizaşamazmısız?won't you all eat? | alaaşamazlamı? aşamazmıla?won't they eat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaşarıqmaI am going to eat | senaşarıqsayou are going to eat | olaşarıqdıhe is going to eat | bizaşarıqbızwe are going to eat | sizaşarıqsızyou all are going to eat | alaaşarıqdılathey are going to eat |
| Definite future (future II) | menaşarıq tülmeI am not going to eat | senaşarıq tülseyou are not going to eat | olaşarıq tüldühe is not going to eat | bizaşarıq tülbüzwe are not going to eat | sizaşarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to eat | alaaşarıq tüldülethey are not going to eat |
| Definite future (future II) | menaşarıqmamı? aşarıqmıma?am I going to eat? | senaşarıqmısa?are you going to eat? | olaşarıqmıdı?is he going to eat? | bizaşarıqbızmı? aşarıqmıbız?are we going to eat? | sizaşarıqmısız?are you all going to eat? | alaaşarıqmıdıla?are they going to eat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menaşarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to eat? | senaşarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to eat? | olaşarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to eat? | bizaşarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to eat? | sizaşarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to eat? | alaaşarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to eat? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaşağan edimaşağanemI had eaten | senaşağan ediŋaşağaneŋyou had eaten | olaşağan ediaşağanedhe had eaten | bizaşağan edikaşağanekwe had eaten | sizaşağan edigizaşağanegizyou all had eaten | alaaşağan edileaşağanellethey had eaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menaşamağan edimaşamağanemI hadn't eaten | senaşamağan ediŋaşamağaneŋyou hadn't eaten | olaşamağan ediaşamağanedhe hadn't eaten | bizaşamağan edikaşamağanekwe hadn't eaten | sizaşamağan edigizaşamağanegizyou all hadn't eaten | alaaşamağan edileaşamağanellethey hadn't eaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaşay edimaşayemI was eating | senaşay ediŋaşayeŋyou were eating | olaşay ediaşayedhe was eating | bizaşay edikaşayekwe were eating | sizaşay edigizaşayegizyou all were eating | alaaşay edileaşayellethey were eating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menaşamay edimaşamayemI wasn't eating | senaşamay ediŋaşamayeŋyou weren't eating | olaşamay ediaşamayedhe wasn't eating | bizaşamay edikaşamayekwe weren't eating | sizaşamay edigizaşamayegizyou all weren't eating | alaaşamay edileaşamayellethey weren't eating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menaşawçan edimaşawçanemI used to eat | senaşawçan ediŋaşawçaneŋyou used to eat | olaşawçan ediaşawçanedhe used to eat | bizaşawçan edikaşawçanekwe used to eat | sizaşawçan edigizaşawçanegizyou all used to eat | alaaşawçan edileaşawçanellethey used to eat |
| Habitual past (used to) | menaşawçan tül edimaşawçan tül emI didn't use to eat | senaşawçan tül ediŋaşawçan tül eŋyou didn't use to eat | olaşawçan tül ediaşawçan tül edhe didn't use to eat | bizaşawçan tül edikaşawçan tül ekwe didn't use to eat | sizaşawçan tül edigizaşawçan tül egizyou all didn't use to eat | alaaşawçan tül edileaşawçan tül ellethey didn't use to eat |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaşab edihe had eaten and remained so | alaaşab edilethey had eaten and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olaşab tül edihe hadn't eaten | alaaşab tül edilethey hadn't eaten | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaşay tura edimaşay turaemI was in the middle of eating | senaşay tura ediŋaşay turaeŋyou were in the middle of eating | olaşay tura ediaşay turaedhe was in the middle of eating | bizaşay tura edikaşay turaekwe were in the middle of eating | sizaşay tura edigizaşay turaegizyou all were in the middle of eating | alaaşay tura edileaşay turaellethey were in the middle of eating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menaşay turmay edimaşay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of eating | senaşay turmay ediŋaşay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of eating | olaşay turmay ediaşay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of eating | bizaşay turmay edikaşay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of eating | sizaşay turmay edigizaşay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of eating | alaaşay turmay edileaşay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of eating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menaşar edimaşar emI would eat | senaşar ediŋaşar eŋyou would eat | olaşar ediaşar edhe would eat | bizaşar edikaşar ekwe would eat | sizaşar edigizaşar egizyou all would eat | alaaşar edileaşar ellethey would eat |
| Conditional result (would) | menaşamaz edimaşamaz emI wouldn't eat | senaşamaz ediŋaşamaz eŋyou wouldn't eat | olaşamaz ediaşamaz edhe wouldn't eat | bizaşamaz edikaşamaz ekwe wouldn't eat | sizaşamaz edigizaşamaz egizyou all wouldn't eat | alaaşamaz edileaşamaz ellethey wouldn't eat |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaşarıq edimaşarıq emI would have eaten | senaşarıq ediŋaşarıq eŋyou would have eaten | olaşarıq ediaşarıq edhe would have eaten | bizaşarıq edikaşarıq ekwe would have eaten | sizaşarıq edigizaşarıq egizyou all would have eaten | alaaşarıq edileaşarıq ellethey would have eaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menaşarıq tül edimaşarıq tül emI wouldn't have eaten | senaşarıq tül ediŋaşarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have eaten | olaşarıq tül ediaşarıq tül edhe wouldn't have eaten | bizaşarıq tül edikaşarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have eaten | sizaşarıq tül edigizaşarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have eaten | alaaşarıq tül edileaşarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have eaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menaşasamif I eat | senaşasaŋif you eat | olaşasaif he eats | bizaşasaqif we eat | sizaşasağızif you all eat | alaaşasalaif they eat |
| Conditional | menaşamasamif I don't eat | senaşamasaŋif you don't eat | olaşamasaif he doesn't eat | bizaşamasaqif we don't eat | sizaşamasağızif you all don't eat | alaaşamasalaif they don't eat |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menaşay esemif I am eating | senaşay eseŋif you are eating | olaşay eseif he is eating | bizaşay esekif we are eating | sizaşay esegizif you all are eating | alaaşay eseleif they are eating |
| Conditional, present real | menaşamay esemif I am not eating | senaşamay eseŋif you are not eating | olaşamay eseif he is not eating | bizaşamay esekif we are not eating | sizaşamay esegizif you all are not eating | alaaşamay eseleif they are not eating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaşasam ediaşasam edif only I ate | senaşasaŋ ediaşasaŋ edif only you ate | olaşasa ediaşasaedif only he ate | bizaşasaq ediaşasaq edif only we ate | sizaşasağız ediaşasağız edif only you all ate | alaaşasala ediaşasalaedif only they ate |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menaşamasam ediaşamasam edif only I didn't eat | senaşamasaŋ ediaşamasaŋ edif only you didn't eat | olaşamasa ediaşamasaedif only he didn't eat | bizaşamasaq ediaşamasaq edif only we didn't eat | sizaşamasağız ediaşamasağız edif only you all didn't eat | alaaşamasala ediaşamasalaedif only they didn't eat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menaşay tursamif I keep eating | senaşay tursaŋif you keep eating | olaşay tursaif he keeps eating | bizaşay tursaqif we keep eating | sizaşay tursağızif you all keep eating | alaaşay tursalaif they keep eating |
| Progressive conditional | menaşamay tursamif I keep on not eating | senaşamay tursaŋif you keep on not eating | olaşamay tursaif he keeps on not eating | bizaşamay tursaqif we keep on not eating | sizaşamay tursağızif you all keep on not eating | alaaşamay tursalaif they keep on not eating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaşay tura esemif I am in the middle of eating | senaşay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of eating | olaşay tura eseif he is in the middle of eating | bizaşay tura esekif we are in the middle of eating | sizaşay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of eating | alaaşay tura eseleif they are in the middle of eating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menaşamay tura esemif I keep on not eating | senaşamay tura eseŋif you keep on not eating | olaşamay tura eseif he keeps on not eating | bizaşamay tura esekif we keep on not eating | sizaşamay tura esegizif you all keep on not eating | alaaşamay tura eseleif they keep on not eating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaşadım esemif I ate | senaşadıŋ eseŋif you ate | olaşadı eseif he ate | bizaşadıq esekif we ate | sizaşadığız esegizif you all ate | alaaşadıla eseleif they ate |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menaşamadım esemif I didn't eat | senaşamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't eat | olaşamadı eseif he didn't eat | bizaşamadıq esekif we didn't eat | sizaşamadığız esegizif you all didn't eat | alaaşamadıla eseleif they didn't eat |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menaşağan esemif I did eat (indeed) | senaşağan eseŋif you did eat (indeed) | olaşağan eseif he did eat (indeed) | bizaşağan esekif we did eat (indeed) | sizaşağan esegizif you all did eat (indeed) | alaaşağan eseleif they did eat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menaşamağan esemif I didn't eat (indeed) | senaşamağan eseŋif you didn't eat (indeed) | olaşamağan eseif he didn't eat (indeed) | bizaşamağan esekif we didn't eat (indeed) | sizaşamağan esegizif you all didn't eat (indeed) | alaaşamağan eseleif they didn't eat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaşağan bolsamif I had eaten | senaşağan bolsaŋif you had eaten | olaşağan bolsaif he had eaten | bizaşağan bolsaqif we had eaten | sizaşağan bolsağızif you all had eaten | alaaşağan bolsalaif they had eaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menaşamağan bolsamif I hadn't eaten | senaşamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't eaten | olaşamağan bolsaif he hadn't eaten | bizaşamağan bolsaqif we hadn't eaten | sizaşamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't eaten | alaaşamağan bolsalaif they hadn't eaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaşağan bolsam ediaşağan bolsam edif only I had eaten | senaşağan bolsaŋ ediaşağan bolsaŋ edif only you had eaten | olaşağan bolsa ediaşağan bolsaedif only he had eaten | bizaşağan bolsaq ediaşağan bolsaq edif only we had eaten | sizaşağan bolsağız ediaşağan bolsağız edif only you all had eaten | alaaşağan bolsala ediaşağan bolsalaedif only they had eaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menaşamağan bolsam ediaşamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't eaten | senaşamağan bolsaŋ ediaşamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't eaten | olaşamağan bolsa ediaşamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't eaten | bizaşamağan bolsaq ediaşamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't eaten | sizaşamağan bolsağız ediaşamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't eaten | alaaşamağan bolsala ediaşamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't eaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menaşar esemif I will eat | senaşar eseŋif you will eat | olaşar eseif he will eat | bizaşar esekif we will eat | sizaşar esegizif you all will eat | alaaşar eseleif they will eat |
| Conditional, aorist | menaşamaz esemif I won't eat | senaşamaz eseŋif you won't eat | olaşamaz eseif he won't eat | bizaşamaz esekif we won't eat | sizaşamaz esegizif you all won't eat | alaaşamaz eseleif they won't eat |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menaşarıq esemif I am going to eat | senaşarıq eseŋif you are going to eat | olaşarıq eseif he is going to eat | bizaşarıq esekif we are going to eat | sizaşarıq esegizif you all are going to eat | alaaşarıq eseleif they are going to eat |
| Conditional, future | menaşarıq tül esemif I am not going to eat | senaşarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to eat | olaşarıq tül eseif he is not going to eat | bizaşarıq tül esekif we are not going to eat | sizaşarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to eat | alaaşarıq tül eseleif they are not going to eat |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaşarıq bolsamif I were going to eat | senaşarıq bolsaŋif you were going to eat | olaşarıq bolsaif he were going to eat | bizaşarıq bolsaqif we were going to eat | sizaşarıq bolsağızif you all were going to eat | alaaşarıq bolsalaif they were going to eat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menaşamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to eat | senaşamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to eat | olaşamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to eat | bizaşamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to eat | sizaşamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to eat | alaaşamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to eat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso aşadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaşay bolurmaI must be eating | senaşay bolursayou must be eating | olaşay bolurhe must be eating | bizaşay bolurbuzwe must be eating | sizaşay bolursuzyou all must be eating | alaaşay bolurlathey must be eating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menaşamay bolurmaI must not be eating | senaşamay bolursayou must not be eating | olaşamay bolurhe must not be eating | bizaşamay bolurbuzwe must not be eating | sizaşamay bolursuzyou all must not be eating | alaaşamay bolurlathey must not be eating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaşay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of eating | senaşay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of eating | olaşay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of eating | bizaşay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of eating | sizaşay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of eating | alaaşay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of eating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menaşamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not eating | senaşamay tura bolursayou must keep on not eating | olaşamay tura bolurhe must keep on not eating | bizaşamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not eating | sizaşamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not eating | alaaşamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not eating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menaşağan bolurmaI must have eaten | senaşağan bolursayou must have eaten | olaşağan bolurhe must have eaten | bizaşağan bolurbuzwe must have eaten | sizaşağan bolursuzyou all must have eaten | alaaşağan bolurlathey must have eaten |
| Inference (must have) | menaşamağan bolurmaI must not have eaten | senaşamağan bolursayou must not have eaten | olaşamağan bolurhe must not have eaten | bizaşamağan bolurbuzwe must not have eaten | sizaşamağan bolursuzyou all must not have eaten | alaaşamağan bolurlathey must not have eaten |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaşarıq bolurmaI must be going to eat | senaşarıq bolursayou must be going to eat | olaşarıq bolurhe must be going to eat | bizaşarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to eat | sizaşarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to eat | alaaşarıq bolurlathey must be going to eat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menaşamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to eat | senaşamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to eat | olaşamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to eat | bizaşamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to eat | sizaşamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to eat | alaaşamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to eat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menaşayımlet me eat | senaşa!eat! | olaşasınlet him eat | bizaşayıqlet's eat | sizaşağız!eat, you all! | alaaşasınlalet them eat |
| Commands & suggestions | menaşamayımlet me not eat | senaşama!don't eat! | olaşamasınlet him not eat | bizaşamayıqlet's not eat | sizaşamağız!don't eat, you all! | alaaşamasınlalet them not eat |
| Commands & suggestions | menaşayımmı?shall I eat? | olaşasınmı?should he eat? | bizaşayıqmı?shall we eat? | alaaşasınlamı?should they eat? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menaşamayımmı?shall I not eat? | olaşamasınmı?should he not eat? | bizaşamayıqmı?shall we not eat? | alaaşamasınlamı?should they not eat? | ||
| Requests | senaşaçı2aşaçınplease eat | olaşasınçıdo let him eat | sizaşaçığızplease eat (plural/polite) | alaaşasınlaçıdo let them eat | ||
| Requests | senaşamaçı2aşamaçınplease don't eat | olaşamasınçıdo let him not eat | sizaşamaçığızplease don't eat (plural/polite) | alaaşamasınlaçıdo let them not eat | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaşağınaşağımay you eat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senaşamağınaşamağımay you not eat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaşağay edim aşağa edimwould that I ate | senaşağay ediŋ aşağa ediŋwould that you ate | olaşağay edi aşağa ediwould that he ate | bizaşağay edik aşağa edikwould that we ate | sizaşağay edigiz aşağa edigizwould that you all ate | alaaşağay edile aşağa edilewould that they ate |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menaşamağay edim aşamağa edimwould that I did not eat | senaşamağay ediŋ aşamağa ediŋwould that you did not eat | olaşamağay edi aşamağa ediwould that he did not eat | bizaşamağay edik aşamağa edikwould that we did not eat | sizaşamağay edigiz aşamağa edigizwould that you all did not eat | alaaşamağay edile aşamağa edilewould that they did not eat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaşamağa qoyayımaşama qoyayımlet me allow someone to eat | senaşamağa qoy!aşama qoy!let someone eat! | olaşamağa qoysunaşama qoysunlet him allow someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoyayıqaşama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoyuğuz!aşama qoyuğuz!let someone eat, you all! | alaaşamağa qoysunlaaşama qoysunlalet them allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaşamağa qoymayımaşama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to eat | senaşamağa qoyma!aşama qoyma!don't let someone eat! | olaşamağa qoymasınaşama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoymayıqaşama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoymağız!aşama qoymağız!don't let someone eat, you all! | alaaşamağa qoymasınlaaşama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menaşamağa qoyayımmı?aşama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoysunmu?aşama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoyayıqmı?aşama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoysunlamı?aşama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to eat? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menaşamağa qoymayımmı?aşama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoymasınmı?aşama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoymayıqmı?aşama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoymasınlamı?aşama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to eat? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menaşamağa qoyamaaşama qoyamaI allow someone to eat | senaşamağa qoyasaaşama qoyasayou allow someone to eat | olaşamağa qoyadıaşama qoyadıhe allows someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoyabızaşama qoyabızwe allow someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoyasızaşama qoyasızyou all allow someone to eat | alaaşamağa qoyadılaaşama qoyadılathey allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (present) | menaşamağa qoymaymaaşama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to eat | senaşamağa qoymaysaaşama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to eat | olaşamağa qoymaydıaşama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoymaybızaşama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoymaysızaşama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to eat | alaaşamağa qoymaydılaaşama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (present) | menaşamağa qoyamamı?aşama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to eat? | senaşamağa qoyamısa?aşama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoyamıdı?aşama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoyabızmı?aşama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to eat? | sizaşamağa qoyamısız?aşama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoyamıdıla?aşama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (present) | menaşamağa qoymaymamı?aşama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to eat? | senaşamağa qoymaymısa?aşama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoymaymıdı?aşama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoymaybızmı?aşama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to eat? | sizaşamağa qoymaymısız?aşama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoymaymıdıla?aşama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaşamağa qoydumaşama qoydumI allowed someone to eat | senaşamağa qoyduŋaşama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to eat | olaşamağa qoyduaşama qoyduhe allowed someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoyduqaşama qoyduqwe allowed someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoyduğuzaşama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to eat | alaaşamağa qoydulaaşama qoydulathey allowed someone to eat |
| Let someone… (past) | menaşamağa qoymadımaşama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to eat | senaşamağa qoymadıŋaşama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to eat | olaşamağa qoymadıaşama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to eat | bizaşamağa qoymadıqaşama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to eat | sizaşamağa qoymadığızaşama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to eat | alaaşamağa qoymadılaaşama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (past) | menaşamağa qoydummu?aşama qoydummu?did I allow someone to eat? | senaşamağa qoyduŋmu?aşama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoydumu?aşama qoydumu?did he allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoyduqmu?aşama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to eat? | sizaşamağa qoyduğuzmu?aşama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoydulamı?aşama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menaşamağa qoymadımmı?aşama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to eat? | senaşamağa qoymadıŋmı?aşama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to eat? | olaşamağa qoymadımı?aşama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to eat? | bizaşamağa qoymadıqmı?aşama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to eat? | sizaşamağa qoymadığızmı?aşama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to eat? | alaaşamağa qoymadılamı?aşama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to eat? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menaşayalamaI can eat | senaşayalasayou can eat | olaşayaladıhe can eat | bizaşayalabızwe can eat | sizaşayalasızyou all can eat | alaaşayaladılathey can eat |
| Ability — present | menaşayalmaymaI can't eat | senaşayalmaysayou can't eat | olaşayalmaydıhe can't eat | bizaşayalmaybızwe can't eat | sizaşayalmaysızyou all can't eat | alaaşayalmaydılathey can't eat |
| Ability — present | menaşayalamamı? aşayalamıma?can I eat? | senaşayalamısa?can you eat? | olaşayalamıdı?can he eat? | bizaşayalabızmı? aşayalamıbız?can we eat? | sizaşayalamısız?can you all eat? | alaaşayalamıdıla?can they eat? |
| Ability — present | menaşayalmaymamı? aşayalmaymıma?can't I eat? | senaşayalmaymısa?can't you eat? | olaşayalmaymıdı?can't he eat? | bizaşayalmaybızmı? aşayalmaymıbız?can't we eat? | sizaşayalmaymısız?can't you all eat? | alaaşayalmaymıdıla?can't they eat? |
| Ability — if I can… | menaşayalsamif I can eat | senaşayalsaŋif you can eat | olaşayalsaif he can eat | bizaşayalsaqif we can eat | sizaşayalsağızif you all can eat | alaaşayalsalaif they can eat |
| Ability — if I can… | menaşayalmasamif I can't eat | senaşayalmasaŋif you can't eat | olaşayalmasaif he can't eat | bizaşayalmasaqif we can't eat | sizaşayalmasağızif you all can't eat | alaaşayalmasalaif they can't eat |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menaşayaldımI was able to eat | senaşayaldıŋyou were able to eat | olaşayaldıhe was able to eat | bizaşayaldıqwe were able to eat | sizaşayaldığızyou all were able to eat | alaaşayaldılathey were able to eat |
| Ability — simple past | menaşayalmadımI could not eat | senaşayalmadıŋyou could not eat | olaşayalmadıhe could not eat | bizaşayalmadıqwe could not eat | sizaşayalmadığızyou all could not eat | alaaşayalmadılathey could not eat |
| Ability — simple past | menaşayaldımmı?was I able to eat? | senaşayaldıŋmı?were you able to eat? | olaşayaldımı?was he able to eat? | bizaşayaldıqmı?were we able to eat? | sizaşayaldığızmı?were you all able to eat? | alaaşayaldılamı?were they able to eat? |
| Ability — simple past | menaşayalmadımmı?couldn't I eat? | senaşayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you eat? | olaşayalmadımı?couldn't he eat? | bizaşayalmadıqmı?couldn't we eat? | sizaşayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all eat? | alaaşayalmadılamı?couldn't they eat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaşayalğanmaI have been able to eat | senaşayalğansayou have been able to eat | olaşayalğandıhe has been able to eat | bizaşayalğanbızwe have been able to eat | sizaşayalğansızyou all have been able to eat | alaaşayalğandılathey have been able to eat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaşayalmağanmaI haven't been able to eat | senaşayalmağansayou haven't been able to eat | olaşayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to eat | bizaşayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to eat | sizaşayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to eat | alaaşayalmağandılathey haven't been able to eat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaşayalğanmamı? aşayalğanmıma?have I been able to eat? | senaşayalğanmısa?have you been able to eat? | olaşayalğanmıdı?has he been able to eat? | bizaşayalğanbızmı? aşayalğanmıbız?have we been able to eat? | sizaşayalğanmısız?have you all been able to eat? | alaaşayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to eat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menaşayalmağanmamı? aşayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to eat? | senaşayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to eat? | olaşayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to eat? | bizaşayalmağanbızmı? aşayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to eat? | sizaşayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to eat? | alaaşayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to eat? |
| Ability — past perfect | menaşayalğan edimaşayalğanemI had been able to eat | senaşayalğan ediŋaşayalğaneŋyou had been able to eat | olaşayalğan ediaşayalğanedhe had been able to eat | bizaşayalğan edikaşayalğanekwe had been able to eat | sizaşayalğan edigizaşayalğanegizyou all had been able to eat | alaaşayalğan edileaşayalğanellethey had been able to eat |
| Ability — past perfect | menaşayalmağan edimaşayalmağanemI hadn't been able to eat | senaşayalmağan ediŋaşayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to eat | olaşayalmağan ediaşayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to eat | bizaşayalmağan edikaşayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to eat | sizaşayalmağan edigizaşayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to eat | alaaşayalmağan edileaşayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to eat |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menaşayala edimaşayalaemI could eat | senaşayala ediŋaşayalaeŋyou could eat | olaşayala ediaşayalaedhe could eat | bizaşayala edikaşayalaekwe could eat | sizaşayala edigizaşayalaegizyou all could eat | alaaşayala edileaşayalaellethey could eat |
| Ability — past background | menaşayalmay edimaşayalmayemI could not eat | senaşayalmay ediŋaşayalmayeŋyou could not eat | olaşayalmay ediaşayalmayedhe could not eat | bizaşayalmay edikaşayalmayekwe could not eat | sizaşayalmay edigizaşayalmayegizyou all could not eat | alaaşayalmay edileaşayalmayellethey could not eat |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menaşayalırmaI will be able to eat | senaşayalırsayou will be able to eat | olaşayalırhe will be able to eat | bizaşayalırbızwe will be able to eat | sizaşayalırsızyou all will be able to eat | alaaşayalırlathey will be able to eat |
| Ability — future I | menaşayalmazmaI won't be able to eat | senaşayalmazsayou won't be able to eat | olaşayalmazhe won't be able to eat | bizaşayalmazbızwe won't be able to eat | sizaşayalmazsızyou all won't be able to eat | alaaşayalmazlathey won't be able to eat |
| Ability — future I | menaşayalırmamı? aşayalırmıma?will I be able to eat? | senaşayalırmısa?will you be able to eat? | olaşayalırmı?will he be able to eat? | bizaşayalırbızmı? aşayalırmıbız?will we be able to eat? | sizaşayalırmısız?will you all be able to eat? | alaaşayalırlamı? aşayalırmıla?will they be able to eat? |
| Ability — future I | menaşayalmazmamı? aşayalmazmıma?won't I be able to eat? | senaşayalmazmısa?won't you be able to eat? | olaşayalmazmı?won't he be able to eat? | bizaşayalmazbızmı? aşayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to eat? | sizaşayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to eat? | alaaşayalmazlamı? aşayalmazmıla?won't they be able to eat? |
| Ability — future II | menaşayallıqmaI am going to be able to eat | senaşayallıqsayou are going to be able to eat | olaşayallıqdıhe is going to be able to eat | bizaşayallıqbızwe are going to be able to eat | sizaşayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to eat | alaaşayallıqdılathey are going to be able to eat |
| Ability — future II | menaşayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to eat | senaşayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to eat | olaşayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to eat | bizaşayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to eat | sizaşayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to eat | alaaşayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to eat |
| Ability — future II | menaşayallıqmamı? aşayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to eat? | senaşayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to eat? | olaşayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to eat? | bizaşayallıqbızmı? aşayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to eat? | sizaşayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to eat? | alaaşayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to eat? |
| Ability — future II | menaşayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to eat? | senaşayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to eat? | olaşayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to eat? | bizaşayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to eat? | sizaşayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to eat? | alaaşayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to eat? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaşayalır edimaşayalır emI would be able to eat | senaşayalır ediŋaşayalır eŋyou would be able to eat | olaşayalır ediaşayalır edhe would be able to eat | bizaşayalır edikaşayalır ekwe would be able to eat | sizaşayalır edigizaşayalır egizyou all would be able to eat | alaaşayalır edileaşayalır ellethey would be able to eat |
| Ability — would be able to… | menaşayalmaz edimaşayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to eat | senaşayalmaz ediŋaşayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to eat | olaşayalmaz ediaşayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to eat | bizaşayalmaz edikaşayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to eat | sizaşayalmaz edigizaşayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to eat | alaaşayalmaz edileaşayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to eat |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaşayalğınaşayalğımay you be able to eat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senaşayalmağınaşayalmağımay you not be able to eat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menaşarğa izleymeI want to eat | senaşarğa izleyseyou want to eat | olaşarğa izleydihe wants to eat | bizaşarğa izleybizwe want to eat | sizaşarğa izleysizyou all want to eat | alaaşarğa izleydilethey want to eat |
| want to | menaşarğa izlemeymeI do not want to eat | senaşarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to eat | olaşarğa izlemeydihe does not want to eat | bizaşarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to eat | sizaşarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to eat | alaaşarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to eat |
| would like to | menaşarğa süemeI would like to eat | senaşarğa süeseyou would like to eat | olaşarğa süedihe would like to eat | bizaşarğa süebizwe would like to eat | sizaşarğa süesizyou all would like to eat | alaaşarğa süedilethey would like to eat |
| would like to | menaşarğa süymeymeI would not like to eat | senaşarğa süymeyseyou would not like to eat | olaşarğa süymeydihe would not like to eat | bizaşarğa süymeybizwe would not like to eat | sizaşarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to eat | alaaşarğa süymeydilethey would not like to eat |
| hope to | menaşarğa umutlanamaI hope to eat | senaşarğa umutlanasayou hope to eat | olaşarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to eat | bizaşarğa umutlanabızwe hope to eat | sizaşarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to eat | alaaşarğa umutlanadılathey hope to eat |
| hope to | menaşarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to eat | senaşarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to eat | olaşarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to eat | bizaşarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to eat | sizaşarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to eat | alaaşarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to eat |
| be about to | menaşarğa deb turamaI am about to eat | senaşarğa deb turasayou are about to eat | olaşarğa deb turadıhe is about to eat | bizaşarğa deb turabızwe are about to eat | sizaşarğa deb turasızyou all are about to eat | alaaşarğa deb turadılathey are about to eat |
| be about to | menaşarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to eat | senaşarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to eat | olaşarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to eat | bizaşarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to eat | sizaşarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to eat | alaaşarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to eat |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menaşarğa kerekmeI need to eat | senaşarğa kerekseyou need to eat | olaşarğa kerekdihe needs to eat | bizaşarğa kerekbizwe need to eat | sizaşarğa kereksizyou all need to eat | alaaşarğa kerekdilethey need to eat |
| need to | menaşarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to eat | senaşarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to eat | olaşarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to eat | bizaşarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to eat | sizaşarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to eat | alaaşarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to eat |
| have to | menmenŋe aşarğa tüşediI have to eat | sensenŋe aşarğa tüşediyou have to eat | olaŋa aşarğa tüşedihe has to eat | bizbizge aşarğa tüşediwe have to eat | sizsizge aşarğa tüşediyou all have to eat | alaalağa aşarğa tüşedithey have to eat |
| have to | menmenŋe aşarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to eat | sensenŋe aşarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to eat | olaŋa aşarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to eat | bizbizge aşarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to eat | sizsizge aşarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to eat | alaalağa aşarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to eat |
| be obliged to | menaşarğa borçlumaI am obliged to eat | senaşarğa borçlusayou are obliged to eat | olaşarğa borçluduhe is obliged to eat | bizaşarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to eat | sizaşarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to eat | alaaşarğa borçludulathey are obliged to eat |
| be obliged to | menaşarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to eat | senaşarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to eat | olaşarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to eat | bizaşarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to eat | sizaşarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to eat | alaaşarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to eat |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menaşarğa madarım bardıI have a way to eat | senaşarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to eat | olaşarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to eat | bizaşarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to eat | sizaşarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to eat | alaaşarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to eat |
| have a way to | menaşarğa madarım joqduI have no way to eat | senaşarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to eat | olaşarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to eat | bizaşarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to eat | sizaşarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to eat | alaaşarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to eat |
| be free to | menaşarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to eat | senaşarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to eat | olaşarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to eat | bizaşarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to eat | sizaşarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to eat | alaaşarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to eat |
| be free to | menaşarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to eat | senaşarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to eat | olaşarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to eat | bizaşarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to eat | sizaşarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to eat | alaaşarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to eat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to eat | sensenŋe aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to eat | olaŋa aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to eat | bizbizge aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to eat | sizsizge aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to eat | alaalağa aşarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to eat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to eat | sensenŋe aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to eat | olaŋa aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to eat | bizbizge aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to eat | sizsizge aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to eat | alaalağa aşarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to eat |
| be ready to | menaşarğa hazırmaI am ready to eat | senaşarğa hazırsayou are ready to eat | olaşarğa hazırdıhe is ready to eat | bizaşarğa hazırbızwe are ready to eat | sizaşarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to eat | alaaşarğa hazırdılathey are ready to eat |
| be ready to | menaşarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to eat | senaşarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to eat | olaşarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to eat | bizaşarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to eat | sizaşarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to eat | alaaşarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to eat |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menaşarğa küreşemeI am trying to eat | senaşarğa küreşeseyou are trying to eat | olaşarğa küreşedihe is trying to eat | bizaşarğa küreşebizwe are trying to eat | sizaşarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to eat | alaaşarğa küreşedilethey are trying to eat |
| try to | menaşarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to eat | senaşarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to eat | olaşarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to eat | bizaşarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to eat | sizaşarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to eat | alaaşarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to eat |
| agree to | menaşarğa unaymaI agree to eat | senaşarğa unaysayou agree to eat | olaşarğa unaydıhe agrees to eat | bizaşarğa unaybızwe agree to eat | sizaşarğa unaysızyou all agree to eat | alaaşarğa unaydılathey agree to eat |
| agree to | menaşarğa unamaymaI refuse to eat | senaşarğa unamaysayou refuse to eat | olaşarğa unamaydıhe refuses to eat | bizaşarğa unamaybızwe refuse to eat | sizaşarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to eat | alaaşarğa unamaydılathey refuse to eat |
| hurry to | menaşarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to eat | senaşarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to eat | olaşarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to eat | bizaşarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to eat | sizaşarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to eat | alaaşarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to eat |
| hurry to | menaşarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to eat | senaşarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to eat | olaşarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to eat | bizaşarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to eat | sizaşarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to eat | alaaşarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to eat |
| be afraid to | menaşarğa qorqamaI am afraid to eat | senaşarğa qorqasayou are afraid to eat | olaşarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to eat | bizaşarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to eat | sizaşarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to eat | alaaşarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to eat |
| be afraid to | menaşarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to eat | senaşarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to eat | olaşarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to eat | bizaşarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to eat | sizaşarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to eat | alaaşarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to eat |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menaşay bolmazmaI can't be eating | senaşay bolmazsayou can't be eating | olaşay bolmazhe can't be eating | bizaşay bolmazbızwe can't be eating | sizaşay bolmazsızyou all can't be eating | alaaşay bolmazlathey can't be eating |
| Inference, present — double negation | menaşamay bolmazmaI must be eating (emphatic) | senaşamay bolmazsayou must be eating (emphatic) | olaşamay bolmazhe must be eating (emphatic) | bizaşamay bolmazbızwe must be eating (emphatic) | sizaşamay bolmazsızyou all must be eating (emphatic) | alaaşamay bolmazlathey must be eating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menaşay turmasamif I don't keep eating | senaşay turmasaŋif you don't keep eating | olaşay turmasaif he doesn't keep eating | bizaşay turmasaqif we don't keep eating | sizaşay turmasağızif you all don't keep eating | alaaşay turmasalaif they don't keep eating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menaşay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of eating | senaşay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of eating | olaşay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of eating | bizaşay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of eating | sizaşay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of eating | alaaşay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of eating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menaşamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not eating (emphatic) | senaşamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not eating (emphatic) | olaşamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not eating (emphatic) | bizaşamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not eating (emphatic) | sizaşamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not eating (emphatic) | alaaşamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not eating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menaşamay turamaI keep on not eating | senaşamay turasayou keep on not eating | olaşamay turadıhe keeps on not eating | bizaşamay turabızwe keep on not eating | sizaşamay turasızyou all keep on not eating | alaaşamay turadılathey keep on not eating |
| Progressive — double negation | menaşamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not eating | senaşamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not eating | olaşamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not eating | bizaşamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not eating | sizaşamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not eating | alaaşamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not eating |
| Progressive — double negation | menaşamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not eating? | senaşamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not eating? | olaşamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not eating? | bizaşamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not eating? | sizaşamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not eating? | alaaşamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not eating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menaşağan bolmazmaI can't have eaten | senaşağan bolmazsayou can't have eaten | olaşağan bolmazhe can't have eaten | bizaşağan bolmazbızwe can't have eaten | sizaşağan bolmazsızyou all can't have eaten | alaaşağan bolmazlathey can't have eaten |
| Inference — double negation | menaşamağan bolmazmaI must have eaten (emphatic) | senaşamağan bolmazsayou must have eaten (emphatic) | olaşamağan bolmazhe must have eaten (emphatic) | bizaşamağan bolmazbızwe must have eaten (emphatic) | sizaşamağan bolmazsızyou all must have eaten (emphatic) | alaaşamağan bolmazlathey must have eaten (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menaşağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had eaten | senaşağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had eaten | olaşağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had eaten | bizaşağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had eaten | sizaşağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had eaten | alaaşağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had eaten |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menaşamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't eaten | senaşamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't eaten | olaşamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't eaten | bizaşamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't eaten | sizaşamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't eaten | alaaşamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't eaten |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menaşarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to eat | senaşarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to eat | olaşarıq bolmazhe can't be going to eat | bizaşarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to eat | sizaşarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to eat | alaaşarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to eat |
| Inference, future — double negation | menaşamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to eat (emphatic) | senaşamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to eat (emphatic) | olaşamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to eat (emphatic) | bizaşamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to eat (emphatic) | sizaşamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to eat (emphatic) | alaaşamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to eat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menaşarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to eat | senaşarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to eat | olaşarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to eat | bizaşarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to eat | sizaşarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to eat | alaaşarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to eat |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menaşamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to eat | senaşamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to eat | olaşamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to eat | bizaşamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to eat | sizaşamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to eat | alaaşamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to eat |