jeerge
/dʒeerɡe/
eat — Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it archaic. It survives in folklore and proverbs, for example balalı tawuq qurt jeymez "a hen with chicks gets no worm". one source
- balalı tawuq qurt jeymez — a hen with chicks does not eat a worm
- börü qozunu jeymez — the wolf will not eat the lamb
Expressions
- mejege bere barsaŋ, jee barır — greed only grows
Conjugation
Common forms
- jeyedihe is eating
- jeydihe ate
- jeygendihe has eaten
- jeyerhe will eat
- jeyerikdihe is going to eat
- jeye edihe was eating
- jeyseif he eats
- jey!eat!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjeyemeI am eating | senjeyeseyou are eating | oljeyedihe is eating | bizjeyebizwe are eating | sizjeyesizyou all are eating | alajeyedilethey are eating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjeymeymeI am not eating | senjeymeyseyou are not eating | oljeymeydihe is not eating | bizjeymeybizwe are not eating | sizjeymeysizyou all are not eating | alajeymeydilethey are not eating |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjeyememi? jeyemime?am I eating? | senjeyemise?are you eating? | oljeyemidi?is he eating? | bizjeyebizmi? jeyemibiz?are we eating? | sizjeyemisiz?are you all eating? | alajeyemidile?are they eating? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjeymeymemi? jeymeymime?aren't I eating? | senjeymeymise?aren't you eating? | oljeymeymidi?isn't he eating? | bizjeymeybizmi? jeymeymibiz?aren't we eating? | sizjeymeymisiz?aren't you all eating? | alajeymeymidile?aren't they eating? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjeyiwçenmeI usually eat | senjeyiwçenseyou usually eat | oljeyiwçendihe usually eats | bizjeyiwçenbizwe usually eat | sizjeyiwçensizyou all usually eat | alajeyiwçendilethey usually eat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjeymewçenmeI usually don't eat | senjeymewçenseyou usually don't eat | oljeymewçendihe usually doesn't eat | bizjeymewçenbizwe usually don't eat | sizjeymewçensizyou all usually don't eat | alajeymewçendilethey usually don't eat |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjeyiwçenmemi? jeyiwçenmime?do I usually eat? | senjeyiwçenmise?do you usually eat? | oljeyiwçenmidi?does he usually eat? | bizjeyiwçenbizmi? jeyiwçenmibiz?do we usually eat? | sizjeyiwçenmisiz?do you all usually eat? | alajeyiwçenmidile?do they usually eat? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjeymewçenmemi? jeymewçenmime?do I usually not eat? | senjeymewçenmise?do you usually not eat? | oljeymewçenmidi?does he usually not eat? | bizjeymewçenbizmi? jeymewçenmibiz?do we usually not eat? | sizjeymewçenmisiz?do you all usually not eat? | alajeymewçenmidile?do they usually not eat? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljeyibdihe has eaten and remains so | alajeyibdilethey have eaten and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljeyibmidi?has he eaten? | alajeyibmidile?have they eaten? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjeyib turamaI keep eating | senjeyib turasayou keep eating | oljeyib turadıhe keeps eating | bizjeyib turabızwe keep eating | sizjeyib turasızyou all keep eating | alajeyib turadılathey keep eating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjeyib turmaymaI don't keep eating | senjeyib turmaysayou don't keep eating | oljeyib turmaydıhe doesn't keep eating | bizjeyib turmaybızwe don't keep eating | sizjeyib turmaysızyou all don't keep eating | alajeyib turmaydılathey don't keep eating |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjeyib turamamı? jeyib turamıma?do I keep eating? | senjeyib turamısa?do you keep eating? | oljeyib turamıdı?does he keep eating? | bizjeyib turabızmı? jeyib turamıbız?do we keep eating? | sizjeyib turamısız?do you all keep eating? | alajeyib turamıdıla?do they keep eating? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjeyib turmaymamı? jeyib turmaymıma?don't I keep eating? | senjeyib turmaymısa?don't you keep eating? | oljeyib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep eating? | bizjeyib turmaybızmı? jeyib turmaymıbız?don't we keep eating? | sizjeyib turmaymısız?don't you all keep eating? | alajeyib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep eating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjeye turamaI am in the middle of eating | senjeye turasayou are in the middle of eating | oljeye turadıhe is in the middle of eating | bizjeye turabızwe are in the middle of eating | sizjeye turasızyou all are in the middle of eating | alajeye turadılathey are in the middle of eating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjeye turmaymaI am not in the middle of eating | senjeye turmaysayou are not in the middle of eating | oljeye turmaydıhe is not in the middle of eating | bizjeye turmaybızwe are not in the middle of eating | sizjeye turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of eating | alajeye turmaydılathey are not in the middle of eating |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjeye turamamı? jeye turamıma?am I in the middle of eating? | senjeye turamısa?are you in the middle of eating? | oljeye turamıdı?is he in the middle of eating? | bizjeye turabızmı? jeye turamıbız?are we in the middle of eating? | sizjeye turamısız?are you all in the middle of eating? | alajeye turamıdıla?are they in the middle of eating? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjeye turmaymamı? jeye turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of eating? | senjeye turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of eating? | oljeye turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of eating? | bizjeye turmaybızmı? jeye turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of eating? | sizjeye turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of eating? | alajeye turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of eating? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjeydimI ate | senjeydiŋyou ate | oljeydihe ate | bizjeydikwe ate | sizjeydigizyou all ate | alajeydilethey ate |
| Simple past (definite) | menjeymedimI didn't eat | senjeymediŋyou didn't eat | oljeymedihe didn't eat | bizjeymedikwe didn't eat | sizjeymedigizyou all didn't eat | alajeymedilethey didn't eat |
| Simple past (definite) | menjeydimmi?did I eat? | senjeydiŋmi?did you eat? | oljeydimi?did he eat? | bizjeydikmi?did we eat? | sizjeydigizmi?did you all eat? | alajeydilemi?did they eat? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjeymedimmi?didn't I eat? | senjeymediŋmi?didn't you eat? | oljeymedimi?didn't he eat? | bizjeymedikmi?didn't we eat? | sizjeymedigizmi?didn't you all eat? | alajeymedilemi?didn't they eat? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjeygenmeI have eaten | senjeygenseyou have eaten | oljeygendihe has eaten | bizjeygenbizwe have eaten | sizjeygensizyou all have eaten | alajeygendilethey have eaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjeymegenmeI haven't eaten | senjeymegenseyou haven't eaten | oljeymegendihe hasn't eaten | bizjeymegenbizwe haven't eaten | sizjeymegensizyou all haven't eaten | alajeymegendilethey haven't eaten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjeygenmemi? jeygenmime?have I eaten? | senjeygenmise?have you eaten? | oljeygenmidi?has he eaten? | bizjeygenbizmi? jeygenmibiz?have we eaten? | sizjeygenmisiz?have you all eaten? | alajeygenmidile?have they eaten? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjeymegenmemi? jeymegenmime?haven't I eaten? | senjeymegenmise?haven't you eaten? | oljeymegenmidi?hasn't he eaten? | bizjeymegenbizmi? jeymegenmibiz?haven't we eaten? | sizjeymegenmisiz?haven't you all eaten? | alajeymegenmidile?haven't they eaten? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjeyib turdumI kept eating | senjeyib turduŋyou kept eating | oljeyib turduhe kept eating | bizjeyib turduqwe kept eating | sizjeyib turduğuzyou all kept eating | alajeyib turdulathey kept eating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjeyib turmadımI didn't keep eating | senjeyib turmadıŋyou didn't keep eating | oljeyib turmadıhe didn't keep eating | bizjeyib turmadıqwe didn't keep eating | sizjeyib turmadığızyou all didn't keep eating | alajeyib turmadılathey didn't keep eating |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjeyermeI will eat | senjeyerseyou will eat | oljeyerhe will eat | bizjeyerbizwe will eat | sizjeyersizyou all will eat | alajeyerlethey will eat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjeymezmeI won't eat | senjeymezseyou won't eat | oljeymezhe won't eat | bizjeymezbizwe won't eat | sizjeymezsizyou all won't eat | alajeymezlethey won't eat |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjeyermemi? jeyermime?will I eat? | senjeyermise?will you eat? | oljeyermi?will he eat? | bizjeyerbizmi? jeyermibiz?will we eat? | sizjeyermisiz?will you all eat? | alajeyerlemi? jeyermile?will they eat? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjeymezmemi? jeymezmime?won't I eat? | senjeymezmise?won't you eat? | oljeymezmi?won't he eat? | bizjeymezbizmi? jeymezmibiz?won't we eat? | sizjeymezmisiz?won't you all eat? | alajeymezlemi? jeymezmile?won't they eat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeyerikmeI am going to eat | senjeyerikseyou are going to eat | oljeyerikdihe is going to eat | bizjeyerikbizwe are going to eat | sizjeyeriksizyou all are going to eat | alajeyerikdilethey are going to eat |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeyerik tülmeI am not going to eat | senjeyerik tülseyou are not going to eat | oljeyerik tüldühe is not going to eat | bizjeyerik tülbüzwe are not going to eat | sizjeyerik tülsüzyou all are not going to eat | alajeyerik tüldülethey are not going to eat |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeyerikmemi? jeyerikmime?am I going to eat? | senjeyerikmise?are you going to eat? | oljeyerikmidi?is he going to eat? | bizjeyerikbizmi? jeyerikmibiz?are we going to eat? | sizjeyerikmisiz?are you all going to eat? | alajeyerikmidile?are they going to eat? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjeyerik tülmüme?aren't I going to eat? | senjeyerik tülmüse?aren't you going to eat? | oljeyerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to eat? | bizjeyerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to eat? | sizjeyerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to eat? | alajeyerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to eat? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjeygen edimjeygenemI had eaten | senjeygen ediŋjeygeneŋyou had eaten | oljeygen edijeygenedhe had eaten | bizjeygen edikjeygenekwe had eaten | sizjeygen edigizjeygenegizyou all had eaten | alajeygen edilejeygenellethey had eaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjeymegen edimjeymegenemI hadn't eaten | senjeymegen ediŋjeymegeneŋyou hadn't eaten | oljeymegen edijeymegenedhe hadn't eaten | bizjeymegen edikjeymegenekwe hadn't eaten | sizjeymegen edigizjeymegenegizyou all hadn't eaten | alajeymegen edilejeymegenellethey hadn't eaten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjeye edimjeyemI was eating | senjeye ediŋjeyeŋyou were eating | oljeye edijeyedhe was eating | bizjeye edikjeyekwe were eating | sizjeye edigizjeyegizyou all were eating | alajeye edilejeyellethey were eating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjeymey edimjeymeyemI wasn't eating | senjeymey ediŋjeymeyeŋyou weren't eating | oljeymey edijeymeyedhe wasn't eating | bizjeymey edikjeymeyekwe weren't eating | sizjeymey edigizjeymeyegizyou all weren't eating | alajeymey edilejeymeyellethey weren't eating |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjeyiwçen edimjeyiwçenemI used to eat | senjeyiwçen ediŋjeyiwçeneŋyou used to eat | oljeyiwçen edijeyiwçenedhe used to eat | bizjeyiwçen edikjeyiwçenekwe used to eat | sizjeyiwçen edigizjeyiwçenegizyou all used to eat | alajeyiwçen edilejeyiwçenellethey used to eat |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjeymewçen edimjeymewçenemI didn't use to eat | senjeymewçen ediŋjeymewçeneŋyou didn't use to eat | oljeymewçen edijeymewçenedhe didn't use to eat | bizjeymewçen edikjeymewçenekwe didn't use to eat | sizjeymewçen edigizjeymewçenegizyou all didn't use to eat | alajeymewçen edilejeymewçenellethey didn't use to eat |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljeyib edihe had eaten and remained so | alajeyib edilethey had eaten and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljeyib tül edihe hadn't eaten | alajeyib tül edilethey hadn't eaten | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjeyib tura edimjeyib turaemI had kept eating | senjeyib tura ediŋjeyib turaeŋyou had kept eating | oljeyib tura edijeyib turaedhe had kept eating | bizjeyib tura edikjeyib turaekwe had kept eating | sizjeyib tura edigizjeyib turaegizyou all had kept eating | alajeyib tura edilejeyib turaellethey had kept eating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjeyib turmay edimjeyib turmayemI hadn't kept eating | senjeyib turmay ediŋjeyib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept eating | oljeyib turmay edijeyib turmayedhe hadn't kept eating | bizjeyib turmay edikjeyib turmayekwe hadn't kept eating | sizjeyib turmay edigizjeyib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept eating | alajeyib turmay edilejeyib turmayellethey hadn't kept eating |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjeye tura edimjeye turaemI was in the middle of eating | senjeye tura ediŋjeye turaeŋyou were in the middle of eating | oljeye tura edijeye turaedhe was in the middle of eating | bizjeye tura edikjeye turaekwe were in the middle of eating | sizjeye tura edigizjeye turaegizyou all were in the middle of eating | alajeye tura edilejeye turaellethey were in the middle of eating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjeye turmay edimjeye turmayemI wasn't in the middle of eating | senjeye turmay ediŋjeye turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of eating | oljeye turmay edijeye turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of eating | bizjeye turmay edikjeye turmayekwe weren't in the middle of eating | sizjeye turmay edigizjeye turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of eating | alajeye turmay edilejeye turmayellethey weren't in the middle of eating |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjeyer edimjeyer emI would eat | senjeyer ediŋjeyer eŋyou would eat | oljeyer edijeyer edhe would eat | bizjeyer edikjeyer ekwe would eat | sizjeyer edigizjeyer egizyou all would eat | alajeyer edilejeyer ellethey would eat |
| Conditional result (would) | menjeymez edimjeymez emI wouldn't eat | senjeymez ediŋjeymez eŋyou wouldn't eat | oljeymez edijeymez edhe wouldn't eat | bizjeymez edikjeymez ekwe wouldn't eat | sizjeymez edigizjeymez egizyou all wouldn't eat | alajeymez edilejeymez ellethey wouldn't eat |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjeyerik edimjeyerik emI would have eaten | senjeyerik ediŋjeyerik eŋyou would have eaten | oljeyerik edijeyerik edhe would have eaten | bizjeyerik edikjeyerik ekwe would have eaten | sizjeyerik edigizjeyerik egizyou all would have eaten | alajeyerik edilejeyerik ellethey would have eaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjeyerik tül edimjeyerik tül emI wouldn't have eaten | senjeyerik tül ediŋjeyerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have eaten | oljeyerik tül edijeyerik tül edhe wouldn't have eaten | bizjeyerik tül edikjeyerik tül ekwe wouldn't have eaten | sizjeyerik tül edigizjeyerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have eaten | alajeyerik tül edilejeyerik tül ellethey wouldn't have eaten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjeysemif I eat | senjeyseŋif you eat | oljeyseif he eats | bizjeysekif we eat | sizjeysegizif you all eat | alajeyseleif they eat |
| Conditional | menjeymesemif I don't eat | senjeymeseŋif you don't eat | oljeymeseif he doesn't eat | bizjeymesekif we don't eat | sizjeymesegizif you all don't eat | alajeymeseleif they don't eat |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjeye esemif I am eating | senjeye eseŋif you are eating | oljeye eseif he is eating | bizjeye esekif we are eating | sizjeye esegizif you all are eating | alajeye eseleif they are eating |
| Conditional, present real | menjeymey esemif I am not eating | senjeymey eseŋif you are not eating | oljeymey eseif he is not eating | bizjeymey esekif we are not eating | sizjeymey esegizif you all are not eating | alajeymey eseleif they are not eating |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjeysem edijeysem edif only I ate | senjeyseŋ edijeyseŋ edif only you ate | oljeyse edijeysedif only he ate | bizjeysek edijeysek edif only we ate | sizjeysegiz edijeysegiz edif only you all ate | alajeysele edijeyseledif only they ate |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjeymesem edijeymesem edif only I didn't eat | senjeymeseŋ edijeymeseŋ edif only you didn't eat | oljeymese edijeymesedif only he didn't eat | bizjeymesek edijeymesek edif only we didn't eat | sizjeymesegiz edijeymesegiz edif only you all didn't eat | alajeymesele edijeymeseledif only they didn't eat |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjeyib tursamif I carry on eating | senjeyib tursaŋif you carry on eating | oljeyib tursaif he carries on eating | bizjeyib tursaqif we carry on eating | sizjeyib tursağızif you all carry on eating | alajeyib tursalaif they carry on eating |
| Durative conditional | menjeyib turmasamif I don't carry on eating | senjeyib turmasaŋif you don't carry on eating | oljeyib turmasaif he doesn't carry on eating | bizjeyib turmasaqif we don't carry on eating | sizjeyib turmasağızif you all don't carry on eating | alajeyib turmasalaif they don't carry on eating |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjeyib tura esemif I have kept eating | senjeyib tura eseŋif you have kept eating | oljeyib tura eseif he has kept eating | bizjeyib tura esekif we have kept eating | sizjeyib tura esegizif you all have kept eating | alajeyib tura eseleif they have kept eating |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjeyib turmay esemif I haven't kept eating | senjeyib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept eating | oljeyib turmay eseif he hasn't kept eating | bizjeyib turmay esekif we haven't kept eating | sizjeyib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept eating | alajeyib turmay eseleif they haven't kept eating |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjeye tursamif I keep eating | senjeye tursaŋif you keep eating | oljeye tursaif he keeps eating | bizjeye tursaqif we keep eating | sizjeye tursağızif you all keep eating | alajeye tursalaif they keep eating |
| Progressive conditional | menjeymey tursamif I keep on not eating | senjeymey tursaŋif you keep on not eating | oljeymey tursaif he keeps on not eating | bizjeymey tursaqif we keep on not eating | sizjeymey tursağızif you all keep on not eating | alajeymey tursalaif they keep on not eating |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjeye tura esemif I am in the middle of eating | senjeye tura eseŋif you are in the middle of eating | oljeye tura eseif he is in the middle of eating | bizjeye tura esekif we are in the middle of eating | sizjeye tura esegizif you all are in the middle of eating | alajeye tura eseleif they are in the middle of eating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjeymey tura esemif I keep on not eating | senjeymey tura eseŋif you keep on not eating | oljeymey tura eseif he keeps on not eating | bizjeymey tura esekif we keep on not eating | sizjeymey tura esegizif you all keep on not eating | alajeymey tura eseleif they keep on not eating |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjeydim esemif I ate | senjeydiŋ eseŋif you ate | oljeydi eseif he ate | bizjeydik esekif we ate | sizjeydigiz esegizif you all ate | alajeydile eseleif they ate |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjeymedim esemif I didn't eat | senjeymediŋ eseŋif you didn't eat | oljeymedi eseif he didn't eat | bizjeymedik esekif we didn't eat | sizjeymedigiz esegizif you all didn't eat | alajeymedile eseleif they didn't eat |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjeygen esemif I did eat (indeed) | senjeygen eseŋif you did eat (indeed) | oljeygen eseif he did eat (indeed) | bizjeygen esekif we did eat (indeed) | sizjeygen esegizif you all did eat (indeed) | alajeygen eseleif they did eat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjeymegen esemif I didn't eat (indeed) | senjeymegen eseŋif you didn't eat (indeed) | oljeymegen eseif he didn't eat (indeed) | bizjeymegen esekif we didn't eat (indeed) | sizjeymegen esegizif you all didn't eat (indeed) | alajeymegen eseleif they didn't eat (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjeygen bolsamif I had eaten | senjeygen bolsaŋif you had eaten | oljeygen bolsaif he had eaten | bizjeygen bolsaqif we had eaten | sizjeygen bolsağızif you all had eaten | alajeygen bolsalaif they had eaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjeymegen bolsamif I hadn't eaten | senjeymegen bolsaŋif you hadn't eaten | oljeymegen bolsaif he hadn't eaten | bizjeymegen bolsaqif we hadn't eaten | sizjeymegen bolsağızif you all hadn't eaten | alajeymegen bolsalaif they hadn't eaten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjeygen bolsam edijeygen bolsam edif only I had eaten | senjeygen bolsaŋ edijeygen bolsaŋ edif only you had eaten | oljeygen bolsa edijeygen bolsaedif only he had eaten | bizjeygen bolsaq edijeygen bolsaq edif only we had eaten | sizjeygen bolsağız edijeygen bolsağız edif only you all had eaten | alajeygen bolsala edijeygen bolsalaedif only they had eaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjeymegen bolsam edijeymegen bolsam edif only I hadn't eaten | senjeymegen bolsaŋ edijeymegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't eaten | oljeymegen bolsa edijeymegen bolsaedif only he hadn't eaten | bizjeymegen bolsaq edijeymegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't eaten | sizjeymegen bolsağız edijeymegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't eaten | alajeymegen bolsala edijeymegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't eaten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjeyer esemif I will eat | senjeyer eseŋif you will eat | oljeyer eseif he will eat | bizjeyer esekif we will eat | sizjeyer esegizif you all will eat | alajeyer eseleif they will eat |
| Conditional, aorist | menjeymez esemif I won't eat | senjeymez eseŋif you won't eat | oljeymez eseif he won't eat | bizjeymez esekif we won't eat | sizjeymez esegizif you all won't eat | alajeymez eseleif they won't eat |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjeyerik esemif I am going to eat | senjeyerik eseŋif you are going to eat | oljeyerik eseif he is going to eat | bizjeyerik esekif we are going to eat | sizjeyerik esegizif you all are going to eat | alajeyerik eseleif they are going to eat |
| Conditional, future | menjeyerik tül esemif I am not going to eat | senjeyerik tül eseŋif you are not going to eat | oljeyerik tül eseif he is not going to eat | bizjeyerik tül esekif we are not going to eat | sizjeyerik tül esegizif you all are not going to eat | alajeyerik tül eseleif they are not going to eat |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjeyerik bolsamif I were going to eat | senjeyerik bolsaŋif you were going to eat | oljeyerik bolsaif he were going to eat | bizjeyerik bolsaqif we were going to eat | sizjeyerik bolsağızif you all were going to eat | alajeyerik bolsalaif they were going to eat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjeymezlik bolsamif I were not going to eat | senjeymezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to eat | oljeymezlik bolsaif he were not going to eat | bizjeymezlik bolsaqif we were not going to eat | sizjeymezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to eat | alajeymezlik bolsalaif they were not going to eat |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jeydiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjeye bolurmaI must be eating | senjeye bolursayou must be eating | oljeye bolurhe must be eating | bizjeye bolurbuzwe must be eating | sizjeye bolursuzyou all must be eating | alajeye bolurlathey must be eating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjeymey bolurmaI must not be eating | senjeymey bolursayou must not be eating | oljeymey bolurhe must not be eating | bizjeymey bolurbuzwe must not be eating | sizjeymey bolursuzyou all must not be eating | alajeymey bolurlathey must not be eating |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjeye tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of eating | senjeye tura bolursayou must be in the middle of eating | oljeye tura bolurhe must be in the middle of eating | bizjeye tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of eating | sizjeye tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of eating | alajeye tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of eating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjeymey tura bolurmaI must keep on not eating | senjeymey tura bolursayou must keep on not eating | oljeymey tura bolurhe must keep on not eating | bizjeymey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not eating | sizjeymey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not eating | alajeymey tura bolurlathey must keep on not eating |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjeygen bolurmaI must have eaten | senjeygen bolursayou must have eaten | oljeygen bolurhe must have eaten | bizjeygen bolurbuzwe must have eaten | sizjeygen bolursuzyou all must have eaten | alajeygen bolurlathey must have eaten |
| Inference (must have) | menjeymegen bolurmaI must not have eaten | senjeymegen bolursayou must not have eaten | oljeymegen bolurhe must not have eaten | bizjeymegen bolurbuzwe must not have eaten | sizjeymegen bolursuzyou all must not have eaten | alajeymegen bolurlathey must not have eaten |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjeyerik bolurmaI must be going to eat | senjeyerik bolursayou must be going to eat | oljeyerik bolurhe must be going to eat | bizjeyerik bolurbuzwe must be going to eat | sizjeyerik bolursuzyou all must be going to eat | alajeyerik bolurlathey must be going to eat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjeymezlik bolurmaI must not be going to eat | senjeymezlik bolursayou must not be going to eat | oljeymezlik bolurhe must not be going to eat | bizjeymezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to eat | sizjeymezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to eat | alajeymezlik bolurlathey must not be going to eat |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjeyeyimlet me eat | senjey!eat! | oljeysinlet him eat | bizjeyeyiklet's eat | sizjeyigiz!eat, you all! | alajeysinlelet them eat |
| Commands & suggestions | menjeymeyimlet me not eat | senjeyme!don't eat! | oljeymesinlet him not eat | bizjeymeyiklet's not eat | sizjeymegiz!don't eat, you all! | alajeymesinlelet them not eat |
| Commands & suggestions | menjeyeyimmi?shall I eat? | oljeysinmi?should he eat? | bizjeyeyikmi?shall we eat? | alajeysinlemi?should they eat? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjeymeyimmi?shall I not eat? | oljeymesinmi?should he not eat? | bizjeymeyikmi?shall we not eat? | alajeymesinlemi?should they not eat? | ||
| Requests | senjeyçi2jeyçinplease eat | oljeysinçido let him eat | sizjeyçigizplease eat (plural/polite) | alajeysinleçido let them eat | ||
| Requests | senjeymeçi2jeymeçinplease don't eat | oljeymesinçido let him not eat | sizjeymeçigizplease don't eat (plural/polite) | alajeymesinleçido let them not eat | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjeyginjeygimay you eat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjeymeginjeymegimay you not eat | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjeygey edim jeyge edimwould that I ate | senjeygey ediŋ jeyge ediŋwould that you ate | oljeygey edi jeyge ediwould that he ate | bizjeygey edik jeyge edikwould that we ate | sizjeygey edigiz jeyge edigizwould that you all ate | alajeygey edile jeyge edilewould that they ate |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjeymegey edim jeymege edimwould that I did not eat | senjeymegey ediŋ jeymege ediŋwould that you did not eat | oljeymegey edi jeymege ediwould that he did not eat | bizjeymegey edik jeymege edikwould that we did not eat | sizjeymegey edigiz jeymege edigizwould that you all did not eat | alajeymegey edile jeymege edilewould that they did not eat |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjeymege qoyayımjeyme qoyayımlet me allow someone to eat | senjeymege qoy!jeyme qoy!let someone eat! | oljeymege qoysunjeyme qoysunlet him allow someone to eat | bizjeymege qoyayıqjeyme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to eat | sizjeymege qoyuğuz!jeyme qoyuğuz!let someone eat, you all! | alajeymege qoysunlajeyme qoysunlalet them allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjeymege qoymayımjeyme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to eat | senjeymege qoyma!jeyme qoyma!don't let someone eat! | oljeymege qoymasınjeyme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to eat | bizjeymege qoymayıqjeyme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to eat | sizjeymege qoymağız!jeyme qoymağız!don't let someone eat, you all! | alajeymege qoymasınlajeyme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjeymege qoyayımmı?jeyme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoysunmu?jeyme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoyayıqmı?jeyme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoysunlamı?jeyme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to eat? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjeymege qoymayımmı?jeyme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoymasınmı?jeyme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoymayıqmı?jeyme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoymasınlamı?jeyme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to eat? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjeymege qoyamajeyme qoyamaI allow someone to eat | senjeymege qoyasajeyme qoyasayou allow someone to eat | oljeymege qoyadıjeyme qoyadıhe allows someone to eat | bizjeymege qoyabızjeyme qoyabızwe allow someone to eat | sizjeymege qoyasızjeyme qoyasızyou all allow someone to eat | alajeymege qoyadılajeyme qoyadılathey allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (present) | menjeymege qoymaymajeyme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to eat | senjeymege qoymaysajeyme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to eat | oljeymege qoymaydıjeyme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to eat | bizjeymege qoymaybızjeyme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to eat | sizjeymege qoymaysızjeyme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to eat | alajeymege qoymaydılajeyme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (present) | menjeymege qoyamamı?jeyme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to eat? | senjeymege qoyamısa?jeyme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoyamıdı?jeyme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoyabızmı?jeyme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to eat? | sizjeymege qoyamısız?jeyme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoyamıdıla?jeyme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjeymege qoymaymamı?jeyme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to eat? | senjeymege qoymaymısa?jeyme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoymaymıdı?jeyme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoymaybızmı?jeyme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to eat? | sizjeymege qoymaymısız?jeyme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoymaymıdıla?jeyme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjeymege qoydumjeyme qoydumI allowed someone to eat | senjeymege qoyduŋjeyme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to eat | oljeymege qoydujeyme qoyduhe allowed someone to eat | bizjeymege qoyduqjeyme qoyduqwe allowed someone to eat | sizjeymege qoyduğuzjeyme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to eat | alajeymege qoydulajeyme qoydulathey allowed someone to eat |
| Let someone… (past) | menjeymege qoymadımjeyme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to eat | senjeymege qoymadıŋjeyme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to eat | oljeymege qoymadıjeyme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to eat | bizjeymege qoymadıqjeyme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to eat | sizjeymege qoymadığızjeyme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to eat | alajeymege qoymadılajeyme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to eat |
| Let someone… (past) | menjeymege qoydummu?jeyme qoydummu?did I allow someone to eat? | senjeymege qoyduŋmu?jeyme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoydumu?jeyme qoydumu?did he allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoyduqmu?jeyme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to eat? | sizjeymege qoyduğuzmu?jeyme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoydulamı?jeyme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to eat? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjeymege qoymadımmı?jeyme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to eat? | senjeymege qoymadıŋmı?jeyme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to eat? | oljeymege qoymadımı?jeyme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to eat? | bizjeymege qoymadıqmı?jeyme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to eat? | sizjeymege qoymadığızmı?jeyme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to eat? | alajeymege qoymadılamı?jeyme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to eat? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjeyalamaI can eat | senjeyalasayou can eat | oljeyaladıhe can eat | bizjeyalabızwe can eat | sizjeyalasızyou all can eat | alajeyaladılathey can eat |
| Ability — present | menjeyalmaymaI can't eat | senjeyalmaysayou can't eat | oljeyalmaydıhe can't eat | bizjeyalmaybızwe can't eat | sizjeyalmaysızyou all can't eat | alajeyalmaydılathey can't eat |
| Ability — present | menjeyalamamı? jeyalamıma?can I eat? | senjeyalamısa?can you eat? | oljeyalamıdı?can he eat? | bizjeyalabızmı? jeyalamıbız?can we eat? | sizjeyalamısız?can you all eat? | alajeyalamıdıla?can they eat? |
| Ability — present | menjeyalmaymamı? jeyalmaymıma?can't I eat? | senjeyalmaymısa?can't you eat? | oljeyalmaymıdı?can't he eat? | bizjeyalmaybızmı? jeyalmaymıbız?can't we eat? | sizjeyalmaymısız?can't you all eat? | alajeyalmaymıdıla?can't they eat? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjeyalsamif I can eat | senjeyalsaŋif you can eat | oljeyalsaif he can eat | bizjeyalsaqif we can eat | sizjeyalsağızif you all can eat | alajeyalsalaif they can eat |
| Ability — if I can… | menjeyalmasamif I can't eat | senjeyalmasaŋif you can't eat | oljeyalmasaif he can't eat | bizjeyalmasaqif we can't eat | sizjeyalmasağızif you all can't eat | alajeyalmasalaif they can't eat |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjeyaldımI was able to eat | senjeyaldıŋyou were able to eat | oljeyaldıhe was able to eat | bizjeyaldıqwe were able to eat | sizjeyaldığızyou all were able to eat | alajeyaldılathey were able to eat |
| Ability — simple past | menjeyalmadımI could not eat | senjeyalmadıŋyou could not eat | oljeyalmadıhe could not eat | bizjeyalmadıqwe could not eat | sizjeyalmadığızyou all could not eat | alajeyalmadılathey could not eat |
| Ability — simple past | menjeyaldımmı?was I able to eat? | senjeyaldıŋmı?were you able to eat? | oljeyaldımı?was he able to eat? | bizjeyaldıqmı?were we able to eat? | sizjeyaldığızmı?were you all able to eat? | alajeyaldılamı?were they able to eat? |
| Ability — simple past | menjeyalmadımmı?couldn't I eat? | senjeyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you eat? | oljeyalmadımı?couldn't he eat? | bizjeyalmadıqmı?couldn't we eat? | sizjeyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all eat? | alajeyalmadılamı?couldn't they eat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjeyalğanmaI have been able to eat | senjeyalğansayou have been able to eat | oljeyalğandıhe has been able to eat | bizjeyalğanbızwe have been able to eat | sizjeyalğansızyou all have been able to eat | alajeyalğandılathey have been able to eat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjeyalmağanmaI haven't been able to eat | senjeyalmağansayou haven't been able to eat | oljeyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to eat | bizjeyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to eat | sizjeyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to eat | alajeyalmağandılathey haven't been able to eat |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjeyalğanmamı? jeyalğanmıma?have I been able to eat? | senjeyalğanmısa?have you been able to eat? | oljeyalğanmıdı?has he been able to eat? | bizjeyalğanbızmı? jeyalğanmıbız?have we been able to eat? | sizjeyalğanmısız?have you all been able to eat? | alajeyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to eat? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjeyalmağanmamı? jeyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to eat? | senjeyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to eat? | oljeyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to eat? | bizjeyalmağanbızmı? jeyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to eat? | sizjeyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to eat? | alajeyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to eat? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjeyalğan edimjeyalğanemI had been able to eat | senjeyalğan ediŋjeyalğaneŋyou had been able to eat | oljeyalğan edijeyalğanedhe had been able to eat | bizjeyalğan edikjeyalğanekwe had been able to eat | sizjeyalğan edigizjeyalğanegizyou all had been able to eat | alajeyalğan edilejeyalğanellethey had been able to eat |
| Ability — past perfect | menjeyalmağan edimjeyalmağanemI hadn't been able to eat | senjeyalmağan ediŋjeyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to eat | oljeyalmağan edijeyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to eat | bizjeyalmağan edikjeyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to eat | sizjeyalmağan edigizjeyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to eat | alajeyalmağan edilejeyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to eat |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjeyala edimjeyalaemI could eat | senjeyala ediŋjeyalaeŋyou could eat | oljeyala edijeyalaedhe could eat | bizjeyala edikjeyalaekwe could eat | sizjeyala edigizjeyalaegizyou all could eat | alajeyala edilejeyalaellethey could eat |
| Ability — past background | menjeyalmay edimjeyalmayemI could not eat | senjeyalmay ediŋjeyalmayeŋyou could not eat | oljeyalmay edijeyalmayedhe could not eat | bizjeyalmay edikjeyalmayekwe could not eat | sizjeyalmay edigizjeyalmayegizyou all could not eat | alajeyalmay edilejeyalmayellethey could not eat |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjeyalırmaI will be able to eat | senjeyalırsayou will be able to eat | oljeyalırhe will be able to eat | bizjeyalırbızwe will be able to eat | sizjeyalırsızyou all will be able to eat | alajeyalırlathey will be able to eat |
| Ability — future I | menjeyalmazmaI won't be able to eat | senjeyalmazsayou won't be able to eat | oljeyalmazhe won't be able to eat | bizjeyalmazbızwe won't be able to eat | sizjeyalmazsızyou all won't be able to eat | alajeyalmazlathey won't be able to eat |
| Ability — future I | menjeyalırmamı? jeyalırmıma?will I be able to eat? | senjeyalırmısa?will you be able to eat? | oljeyalırmı?will he be able to eat? | bizjeyalırbızmı? jeyalırmıbız?will we be able to eat? | sizjeyalırmısız?will you all be able to eat? | alajeyalırlamı? jeyalırmıla?will they be able to eat? |
| Ability — future I | menjeyalmazmamı? jeyalmazmıma?won't I be able to eat? | senjeyalmazmısa?won't you be able to eat? | oljeyalmazmı?won't he be able to eat? | bizjeyalmazbızmı? jeyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to eat? | sizjeyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to eat? | alajeyalmazlamı? jeyalmazmıla?won't they be able to eat? |
| Ability — future II | menjeyallıqmaI am going to be able to eat | senjeyallıqsayou are going to be able to eat | oljeyallıqdıhe is going to be able to eat | bizjeyallıqbızwe are going to be able to eat | sizjeyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to eat | alajeyallıqdılathey are going to be able to eat |
| Ability — future II | menjeyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to eat | senjeyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to eat | oljeyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to eat | bizjeyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to eat | sizjeyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to eat | alajeyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to eat |
| Ability — future II | menjeyallıqmamı? jeyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to eat? | senjeyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to eat? | oljeyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to eat? | bizjeyallıqbızmı? jeyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to eat? | sizjeyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to eat? | alajeyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to eat? |
| Ability — future II | menjeyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to eat? | senjeyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to eat? | oljeyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to eat? | bizjeyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to eat? | sizjeyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to eat? | alajeyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to eat? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjeyalır edimjeyalır emI would be able to eat | senjeyalır ediŋjeyalır eŋyou would be able to eat | oljeyalır edijeyalır edhe would be able to eat | bizjeyalır edikjeyalır ekwe would be able to eat | sizjeyalır edigizjeyalır egizyou all would be able to eat | alajeyalır edilejeyalır ellethey would be able to eat |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjeyalmaz edimjeyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to eat | senjeyalmaz ediŋjeyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to eat | oljeyalmaz edijeyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to eat | bizjeyalmaz edikjeyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to eat | sizjeyalmaz edigizjeyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to eat | alajeyalmaz edilejeyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to eat |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjeyalğınjeyalğımay you be able to eat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjeyalmağınjeyalmağımay you not be able to eat | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjeerge izleymeI want to eat | senjeerge izleyseyou want to eat | oljeerge izleydihe wants to eat | bizjeerge izleybizwe want to eat | sizjeerge izleysizyou all want to eat | alajeerge izleydilethey want to eat |
| want to | menjeerge izlemeymeI do not want to eat | senjeerge izlemeyseyou do not want to eat | oljeerge izlemeydihe does not want to eat | bizjeerge izlemeybizwe do not want to eat | sizjeerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to eat | alajeerge izlemeydilethey do not want to eat |
| would like to | menjeerge süemeI would like to eat | senjeerge süeseyou would like to eat | oljeerge süedihe would like to eat | bizjeerge süebizwe would like to eat | sizjeerge süesizyou all would like to eat | alajeerge süedilethey would like to eat |
| would like to | menjeerge süymeymeI would not like to eat | senjeerge süymeyseyou would not like to eat | oljeerge süymeydihe would not like to eat | bizjeerge süymeybizwe would not like to eat | sizjeerge süymeysizyou all would not like to eat | alajeerge süymeydilethey would not like to eat |
| hope to | menjeerge umutlanamaI hope to eat | senjeerge umutlanasayou hope to eat | oljeerge umutlanadıhe hopes to eat | bizjeerge umutlanabızwe hope to eat | sizjeerge umutlanasızyou all hope to eat | alajeerge umutlanadılathey hope to eat |
| hope to | menjeerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to eat | senjeerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to eat | oljeerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to eat | bizjeerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to eat | sizjeerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to eat | alajeerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to eat |
| be about to | menjeerge deb turamaI am about to eat | senjeerge deb turasayou are about to eat | oljeerge deb turadıhe is about to eat | bizjeerge deb turabızwe are about to eat | sizjeerge deb turasızyou all are about to eat | alajeerge deb turadılathey are about to eat |
| be about to | menjeerge deb turmaymaI am not about to eat | senjeerge deb turmaysayou are not about to eat | oljeerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to eat | bizjeerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to eat | sizjeerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to eat | alajeerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to eat |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjeerge kerekmeI need to eat | senjeerge kerekseyou need to eat | oljeerge kerekdihe needs to eat | bizjeerge kerekbizwe need to eat | sizjeerge kereksizyou all need to eat | alajeerge kerekdilethey need to eat |
| need to | menjeerge kerek tülmeI do not need to eat | senjeerge kerek tülseyou do not need to eat | oljeerge kerek tüldühe does not need to eat | bizjeerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to eat | sizjeerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to eat | alajeerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to eat |
| have to | menmenŋe jeerge tüşediI have to eat | sensenŋe jeerge tüşediyou have to eat | olaŋa jeerge tüşedihe has to eat | bizbizge jeerge tüşediwe have to eat | sizsizge jeerge tüşediyou all have to eat | alaalağa jeerge tüşedithey have to eat |
| have to | menmenŋe jeerge tüşmeydiI do not have to eat | sensenŋe jeerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to eat | olaŋa jeerge tüşmeydihe does not have to eat | bizbizge jeerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to eat | sizsizge jeerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to eat | alaalağa jeerge tüşmeydithey do not have to eat |
| be obliged to | menjeerge borçlumaI am obliged to eat | senjeerge borçlusayou are obliged to eat | oljeerge borçluduhe is obliged to eat | bizjeerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to eat | sizjeerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to eat | alajeerge borçludulathey are obliged to eat |
| be obliged to | menjeerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to eat | senjeerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to eat | oljeerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to eat | bizjeerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to eat | sizjeerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to eat | alajeerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to eat |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjeerge madarım bardıI have a way to eat | senjeerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to eat | oljeerge madarı bardıhe has a way to eat | bizjeerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to eat | sizjeerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to eat | alajeerge madarları bardıthey have a way to eat |
| have a way to | menjeerge madarım joqduI have no way to eat | senjeerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to eat | oljeerge madarı joqduhe has no way to eat | bizjeerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to eat | sizjeerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to eat | alajeerge madarları joqduthey have no way to eat |
| be free to | menjeerge erkinligim bardıI am free to eat | senjeerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to eat | oljeerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to eat | bizjeerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to eat | sizjeerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to eat | alajeerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to eat |
| be free to | menjeerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to eat | senjeerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to eat | oljeerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to eat | bizjeerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to eat | sizjeerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to eat | alajeerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to eat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jeerge bolluqduit is possible for me to eat | sensenŋe jeerge bolluqduit is possible for you to eat | olaŋa jeerge bolluqduit is possible for him to eat | bizbizge jeerge bolluqduit is possible for us to eat | sizsizge jeerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to eat | alaalağa jeerge bolluqduit is possible for them to eat |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to eat | sensenŋe jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to eat | olaŋa jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to eat | bizbizge jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to eat | sizsizge jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to eat | alaalağa jeerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to eat |
| be ready to | menjeerge hazırmaI am ready to eat | senjeerge hazırsayou are ready to eat | oljeerge hazırdıhe is ready to eat | bizjeerge hazırbızwe are ready to eat | sizjeerge hazırsızyou all are ready to eat | alajeerge hazırdılathey are ready to eat |
| be ready to | menjeerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to eat | senjeerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to eat | oljeerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to eat | bizjeerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to eat | sizjeerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to eat | alajeerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to eat |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjeerge küreşemeI am trying to eat | senjeerge küreşeseyou are trying to eat | oljeerge küreşedihe is trying to eat | bizjeerge küreşebizwe are trying to eat | sizjeerge küreşesizyou all are trying to eat | alajeerge küreşedilethey are trying to eat |
| try to | menjeerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to eat | senjeerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to eat | oljeerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to eat | bizjeerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to eat | sizjeerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to eat | alajeerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to eat |
| agree to | menjeerge unaymaI agree to eat | senjeerge unaysayou agree to eat | oljeerge unaydıhe agrees to eat | bizjeerge unaybızwe agree to eat | sizjeerge unaysızyou all agree to eat | alajeerge unaydılathey agree to eat |
| agree to | menjeerge unamaymaI refuse to eat | senjeerge unamaysayou refuse to eat | oljeerge unamaydıhe refuses to eat | bizjeerge unamaybızwe refuse to eat | sizjeerge unamaysızyou all refuse to eat | alajeerge unamaydılathey refuse to eat |
| hurry to | menjeerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to eat | senjeerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to eat | oljeerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to eat | bizjeerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to eat | sizjeerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to eat | alajeerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to eat |
| hurry to | menjeerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to eat | senjeerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to eat | oljeerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to eat | bizjeerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to eat | sizjeerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to eat | alajeerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to eat |
| be afraid to | menjeerge qorqamaI am afraid to eat | senjeerge qorqasayou are afraid to eat | oljeerge qorqadıhe is afraid to eat | bizjeerge qorqabızwe are afraid to eat | sizjeerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to eat | alajeerge qorqadılathey are afraid to eat |
| be afraid to | menjeerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to eat | senjeerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to eat | oljeerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to eat | bizjeerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to eat | sizjeerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to eat | alajeerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to eat |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjeye bolmazmaI can't be eating | senjeye bolmazsayou can't be eating | oljeye bolmazhe can't be eating | bizjeye bolmazbızwe can't be eating | sizjeye bolmazsızyou all can't be eating | alajeye bolmazlathey can't be eating |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjeymey bolmazmaI must be eating (emphatic) | senjeymey bolmazsayou must be eating (emphatic) | oljeymey bolmazhe must be eating (emphatic) | bizjeymey bolmazbızwe must be eating (emphatic) | sizjeymey bolmazsızyou all must be eating (emphatic) | alajeymey bolmazlathey must be eating (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjeye turmasamif I don't keep eating | senjeye turmasaŋif you don't keep eating | oljeye turmasaif he doesn't keep eating | bizjeye turmasaqif we don't keep eating | sizjeye turmasağızif you all don't keep eating | alajeye turmasalaif they don't keep eating |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjeye tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of eating | senjeye tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of eating | oljeye tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of eating | bizjeye tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of eating | sizjeye tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of eating | alajeye tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of eating |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjeymey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not eating (emphatic) | senjeymey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not eating (emphatic) | oljeymey tura bolmazhe must keep on not eating (emphatic) | bizjeymey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not eating (emphatic) | sizjeymey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not eating (emphatic) | alajeymey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not eating (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjeymey turamaI keep on not eating | senjeymey turasayou keep on not eating | oljeymey turadıhe keeps on not eating | bizjeymey turabızwe keep on not eating | sizjeymey turasızyou all keep on not eating | alajeymey turadılathey keep on not eating |
| Progressive — double negation | menjeymey turmaymaI am not keeping on not eating | senjeymey turmaysayou are not keeping on not eating | oljeymey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not eating | bizjeymey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not eating | sizjeymey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not eating | alajeymey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not eating |
| Progressive — double negation | menjeymey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not eating? | senjeymey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not eating? | oljeymey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not eating? | bizjeymey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not eating? | sizjeymey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not eating? | alajeymey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not eating? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjeygen bolmazmaI can't have eaten | senjeygen bolmazsayou can't have eaten | oljeygen bolmazhe can't have eaten | bizjeygen bolmazbızwe can't have eaten | sizjeygen bolmazsızyou all can't have eaten | alajeygen bolmazlathey can't have eaten |
| Inference — double negation | menjeymegen bolmazmaI must have eaten (emphatic) | senjeymegen bolmazsayou must have eaten (emphatic) | oljeymegen bolmazhe must have eaten (emphatic) | bizjeymegen bolmazbızwe must have eaten (emphatic) | sizjeymegen bolmazsızyou all must have eaten (emphatic) | alajeymegen bolmazlathey must have eaten (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjeygen bolmasamif it weren't that I had eaten | senjeygen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had eaten | oljeygen bolmasaif it weren't that he had eaten | bizjeygen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had eaten | sizjeygen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had eaten | alajeygen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had eaten |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjeymegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't eaten | senjeymegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't eaten | oljeymegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't eaten | bizjeymegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't eaten | sizjeymegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't eaten | alajeymegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't eaten |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjeyerik bolmazmaI can't be going to eat | senjeyerik bolmazsayou can't be going to eat | oljeyerik bolmazhe can't be going to eat | bizjeyerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to eat | sizjeyerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to eat | alajeyerik bolmazlathey can't be going to eat |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjeymezlik bolmazmaI must be going to eat (emphatic) | senjeymezlik bolmazsayou must be going to eat (emphatic) | oljeymezlik bolmazhe must be going to eat (emphatic) | bizjeymezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to eat (emphatic) | sizjeymezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to eat (emphatic) | alajeymezlik bolmazlathey must be going to eat (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjeyerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to eat | senjeyerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to eat | oljeyerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to eat | bizjeyerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to eat | sizjeyerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to eat | alajeyerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to eat |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjeymezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to eat | senjeymezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to eat | oljeymezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to eat | bizjeymezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to eat | sizjeymezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to eat | alajeymezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to eat |