tuwra

/tuwra/

1. (ptcl.) exactly, precisely

tuwra ol zamanda — at exactly that time
tuwra ol közüwçükde — at exactly that moment
tuwra alay — exactly so
tuwra alay aytdı — he said exactly so
tuwra allay kitab — exactly such a book
tuwra elni ortasında — right in the middle of the village
tuwra üç sağatda — at exactly three o'clock

2. (adj.) correct, true

tuwra juwab — a correct answer
tuwra hapar — true news
işni tuwra bolumu — the true state of affairs
tuwra eseb — a correct calculation
anı sözü tuwradı — his word is true
tuwğanıŋ tuwra söznü jaratmaz — your kin will not like a true word

3. (adv.) correctly, accurately

ol tuwra aytadı — he speaks correctly
men tuwra jazğanma — I have written it correctly
barın da tuwra etdi — he did everything correctly

4. (n.) truth

tuwrasın aytırğa — to tell the truth
tuwrasın ayt — tell the truth
ol tuwrasın aytdı — he told the truth
tuwğanıŋa tuwrasın ayt — tell your kin the truth
men senŋe tuwrasın bilirge kelgenme — I have come to you to learn the truth
tuwrasın bilirge kerekdi — one must know the truth

5. (adj.) straight — Used of a road or route that has no bends.

tuwra jol — a straight road
bu jol tuwradı — this road is straight
tuwra jol bla baradı — he goes by the straight road

6. (adv.) straight, directly — Of going somewhere by a direct route, without turning aside.

tuwra bar — go straight
tuwra üyge keldi — he came straight home
tuwra alaydan — straight from there
tuwra alaydan kelgendi — he came straight from there
tuwrası bla — by the direct way

7. (postp.) opposite, facing — Follows a noun in the genitive and normally carries a possessive ending.

üynü tuwrasında — opposite the house
bizni üynü tuwrasında — opposite our house
bizni üyge tuwra — opposite our house
meni tuwramda olturadı — he sits opposite me
tüz meni tuwramda olturadı — he sits right opposite me
terezeni tuwrasında süeledi — he stands facing the window

8. (adj.) visible, in plain sight

tuwra jerde olturuw — sitting in a visible place
anı üyü alayğa tuwradı — his house is visible from there
suratın tuwra jerge taq — hang his picture in a visible place
surat tuwra jerdedi — the picture is in a visible place
jolğa tuwra qabırğa — a slope visible from the road

9. (n.) open place in plain view; view, sight

tuwrağa çıq — come out into the open
tuwrada oltur — sit in plain view
adamnı taşada sökme, tuwrada mahtama — do not abuse a person behind his back, do not praise him to his face

10. (adv.) openly, frankly

tuwra ayt — speak frankly
ol menŋe tuwra aytdı — he spoke to me frankly
tuwğanıŋa tuwra ayt — speak frankly to your kin
tuwra eterge — to do openly
tuwra söleşirge kerekdi — one must speak openly
tuwra aythan qutulur — who speaks openly gets away

11. (adj.) frank, candid

tuwra söz — frank talk
tuwra uşaq — a candid conversation
ol tuwra adamdı — he is a candid man
ol bek tuwra sözlü adamdı — he is a very outspoken man

12. (adv.) clearly, distinctly

men anı tuwra köreme — I see it clearly
tawlanı tuwra körebiz — we see the mountains clearly
barlıq jolları tuwra körünedi — the roads they will take are clearly visible
bek tuwra köreme ışannı — I see the target very clearly
ol tuwra jazadı — he writes clearly

13. (ptcl.) indeed, really, in fact

tuwra bılay aŋılawsuzsa — you really are this slow to understand
tuwra bıllay qarıwsuz bolur — would really be this weak
ol tuwra kelgendi — he has indeed come
tuwra kerti aytasa — you are really telling the truth
bu tuwra seyir işdi — this is indeed a strange matter

14. (ptcl.) completely, entirely, utterly — Before a noun it means sheer, utter: tuwra kerti zat is the plain truth.

tuwra kerti zat — the plain truth
ala tuwra başhadıla — they are entirely different
men tuwra arığanma — I am completely tired
tuwra bezdirib qoyduŋ — you have wearied me utterly
ala tuwra betsizliklerin bildiredile — they show their utter shamelessness
ol tuwra saw boldu — he got completely well

15. (adv.) very

ol tuwra jigit adamdı — he is a very brave man
tuwra jigit jaş edi — he was a very brave lad
bu tuwra igi işdi — this is a very good thing
ol tuwra ariw jırlaydı — she sings very beautifully

16. (adv.) the most — Stands before the word it heightens, marking the highest degree.

jılnı tuwra qıyın zamanı — the hardest time of the year
haparnı tuwra alamat jeri — the most wonderful part of the story
jaynı tuwra issi künü — the hottest day of the summer
çilleni tuwra issi künleri — the hottest days of high summer
haparını tuwra seyirlik jerine jetgenley — as soon as he reached the most amazing part of his story

17. (ptcl.) even — Stands before the word it emphasizes.

tuwra ol da kelmedi — even he did not come
tuwra men da bilmeyme — even I do not know
tuwra bir söz aytmadı — he did not say even one word
joqdu tuwra it tawuş da — there is not even the sound of a dog
tuwra atamdan tuwğan ese da — even if he were born of my father

18. (ptcl.) as if, as though one source

tuwra birinçi körgença bolama — I feel as if I were seeing it for the first time
tuwra tüşümde körgença — as though I had seen it in a dream
tuwra kesi kelgença boldu — it was as if he came himself

19. (adj.) fair, objective

tuwra bağa beriw — giving a fair assessment
tuwra onow — a fair decision
tuwra bolurğa kerekdi — one must be fair

20. (adv.) fairly, objectively

ol har kimge tuwra qaraydı — he regards everyone fairly
işni tuwra köredi — he sees the matter objectively
har zatnı tuwra bağalaydı — he judges everything objectively

21. (adj.) faithful, loyal

sözüne tuwra adam — a man faithful to his word
borçuna tuwra bolurğa — to be faithful to one's duty
ol sözüne tuwradı — he is loyal to his word

22. (adj.) direct, immediate — Used of a superior, a connection or a train route with no one or nothing in between.

tuwra tamadam — my immediate superior
tuwra tamadası bla söleşdi — he spoke with his immediate superior
tuwra saylawla — direct elections

23. (adj.) literal — Used of the meaning of a word. one source

söznü tuwra mağanası — the literal meaning of the word
söznü tuwra mağanasında — in the literal sense of the word
bu söznü tuwra mağanası — the literal meaning of this word
tuwra mağanada hayırlanadı — it is used in the literal sense

Found in

Intensifiers & hedges Postpositions of place

Sources

Show 6 sources

Gochiyaeva et al. 1993 · Russian–Karachay Learner's Dictionary · meaning 22
Guzeev (ed.) 1996–2005 · Explanatory Dictionary of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1–5, 8–14, 17, 18
Guzeev 2013 · Dictionary of Homonyms of the Karachay-Balkar Language · meanings 1, 2, 4, 7–10, 12–17, 21
Nevruz 1991 · Karachay-Balkar–Turkish Dictionary · meanings 1, 2, 4–7, 10, 11, 13
Suyunchev and Urusbiev (eds.) 1965 · Russian–Karachay-Balkar Dictionary · meanings 1, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12–14, 19, 20, 22, 23
Tenishev and Suyunchev (eds.) 1989 · Karachay-Balkar–Russian Dictionary · meanings 1–8, 10, 11, 15, 16, 19–22

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As an adjective

Saying it about someone

Saying it about someone — tuwra
Degree	menI	senyou	olhe/she/it	bizwe	sizyou all	alathey
base form	tuwramaI am correct	tuwrasayou are correct	tuwradıhe is correct	tuwrabızwe are correct	tuwrasızyou all are correct	tuwradılathey are correct

To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden tuwradı — "compared to me, he is correct."

Saying it about mine, yours, theirs

One thing

One thing — tuwra
Degree	menikimine	senikiyours	anıqıhis / hers	biznikiours	siznikiyours (pl.)	alanıqıtheirs
base form	meniki tuwradımine is correct	seniki tuwradıyours is correct	anıqı tuwradıhis is correct	bizniki tuwradıours is correct	sizniki tuwradıyours (pl.) is correct	alanıqı tuwradıtheirs is correct

Several things

Several things — tuwra
Degree	menikilemine	senikileyours	anıqılahis / hers	biznikileours	siznikileyours (pl.)	alanıqılatheirs
base form	menikile tuwradılamine are correct	senikile tuwradılayours are correct	anıqıla tuwradılahis are correct	biznikile tuwradılaours are correct	siznikile tuwradılayours (pl.) are correct	alanıqıla tuwradılatheirs are correct

Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu tuwradı, bıla tuwradıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".

As a noun

Cases and owners

Singular — cases of tuwra, plain and with an owner
Case	—plain	menimy	seniyour	anıhis / her	bizniour	sizniyou all's	alanıtheir
Nominative	tuwrathe truth	tuwrammy truth	tuwraŋyour truth	tuwrasıhis truth	tuwrabızour truth	tuwrağızyou all's truth	tuwralarıtheir truths
Genitive	tuwranıthe truth's	tuwramımy truth's	tuwraŋıyour truth's	tuwrasınıhis truth's	tuwrabıznıour truth's	tuwrağıznıyou all's truth's	tuwralarınıtheir truths'
Accusative	tuwranıthe truth (as the object)	tuwramımy truth (as the object)	tuwraŋıyour truth (as the object)	tuwrasınhis truth (as the object)	tuwrabıznıour truth (as the object)	tuwrağıznıyou all's truth (as the object)	tuwralarıntheir truths (as the object)
Dative	tuwrağato the truth	tuwramato my truth	tuwraŋato your truth	tuwrasınato his truth	tuwrabızğato our truth	tuwrağızğato you all's truth	tuwralarınato their truths
Locative	tuwradain / at the truth	tuwramdain / at my truth	tuwraŋdain / at your truth	tuwrasındain / at his truth	tuwrabızdain / at our truth	tuwrağızdain / at you all's truth	tuwralarındain / at their truths
Ablative	tuwradanfrom the truth	tuwramdanfrom my truth	tuwraŋdanfrom your truth	tuwrasındanfrom his truth	tuwrabızdanfrom our truth	tuwrağızdanfrom you all's truth	tuwralarındanfrom their truths

There is no plural of this word. The ending would attach like any other — it is the word, not the grammar, that refuses: this is not something Karachay counts.

The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.