tuwğan
/tuwʁan/ · plural tuwğanla
past participle of tuwarğa →
1. related by kinship, one's own — Used of a blood relative as opposed to a step-relative or an adopted one: tuwğan ana "one's own mother", tuwğan qarnaşla "full brothers".
- tuwğan ana — one's own mother
- tuwğan anam — my own mother
- tuwğan qarnaş — one's own brother
- tuwğan qarnaşla — one's own brothers
- ananı tuwğan egeçi — the mother's own sister
- adamnı tuwğan anası — a person's own mother
2. native, one's own — Said of a birthplace, a homeland or a first language: tuwğan el "home village", tuwğan til "native language".
- tuwğan til — a native language
- tuwğan jurt — a homeland
- tuwğan elim — my native village
- tuwğan jeribiz — our native land
- tuwğan şaharım — my native town
3. born — The past participle of tuwarğa: jaŋı tuwğan "newborn", tuwğan kün "birthday", tuwğan jer "birthplace".
- jaŋı tuwğan — newborn
- jaŋı tuwğan sabiy — a newborn child
- tuwğan kün — a birthday
- tuwğan jer — a birthplace
- bügün tuwğan ulan — a boy born today
- mında tuwğan adamla — people born here
- bıyıl tuwğan balala — children born this year
- işçi üyde tuwğan — born into a worker's family
4. child, offspring
- bir tuwğanı bardı — he has one child
- tuwğanın süedi — she loves her child
- tuwğandan tuwğan — a grandchild, a descendant
- jigit tuwğan — a brave child
5. relative, kinsman — Often follows a noun in the ablative to name a particular relative: qarnaşdan tuwğan "brother's child", qızdan tuwğan "daughter's child".
- tuwğanlarım keldile — my relatives came
- tuwğanına boluşadı — he helps his kinsman
- qarnaşdan tuwğan — a brother's child, a nephew
- qarnaşdan tuwğan — a brother's child, a nephew
- jaşdan tuwğan — a son's child, a grandson
- qızdan tuwğan — a daughter's child, a grandson
- eki qarnaşdan tuwğanla — paternal first cousins
- eki egeçden tuwğanla — maternal first cousins
Expressions
- assıdan tuwğan — infidel's offspring
- duniyağa jaŋıdan tuwğan kibik bolurğa — be overjoyed
- egeçden tuwğan — affectionate address
- eki egeçden tuwğanla tana tuluq alışmazla — maternal kin are generous
As an adjective
Saying it about someone
| Degree | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | tuwğanmaI am related by kinship | tuwğansayou are related by kinship | tuwğandıhe is related by kinship | tuwğanbızwe are related by kinship | tuwğansızyou all are related by kinship | tuwğandılathey are related by kinship |
To compare two things, put the loser in the from-form: ol menden tuwğandı — "compared to me, he is related by kinship."
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuwğanthe child | tuwğanımmy child | tuwğanıŋyour child | tuwğanıhis child | tuwğanıbızour child | tuwğanığızyou all's child | tuwğanlarıtheir children |
| Genitive | tuwğannıthe child's | tuwğanımımy child's | tuwğanıŋıyour child's | tuwğanınıhis child's | tuwğanıbıznıour child's | tuwğanığıznıyou all's child's | tuwğanlarınıtheir children's |
| Accusative | tuwğannıthe child (as the object) | tuwğanımımy child (as the object) | tuwğanıŋıyour child (as the object) | tuwğanınhis child (as the object) | tuwğanıbıznıour child (as the object) | tuwğanığıznıyou all's child (as the object) | tuwğanlarıntheir children (as the object) |
| Dative | tuwğanŋato the child | tuwğanımato my child | tuwğanıŋato your child | tuwğanınato his child | tuwğanıbızğato our child | tuwğanığızğato you all's child | tuwğanlarınato their children |
| Locative | tuwğandain / at the child | tuwğanımdain / at my child | tuwğanıŋdain / at your child | tuwğanındain / at his child | tuwğanıbızdain / at our child | tuwğanığızdain / at you all's child | tuwğanlarındain / at their children |
| Ablative | tuwğandanfrom the child | tuwğanımdanfrom my child | tuwğanıŋdanfrom your child | tuwğanındanfrom his child | tuwğanıbızdanfrom our child | tuwğanığızdanfrom you all's child | tuwğanlarındanfrom their children |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuwğanlathe children | tuwğanlarımmy children | tuwğanlarıŋyour children | tuwğanlarıhis children | tuwğanlarıbızour children | tuwğanlarığızyou all's children | tuwğanlarıtheir children |
| Genitive | tuwğanlanıthe children's | tuwğanlarımımy children's | tuwğanlarıŋıyour children's | tuwğanlarınıhis children's | tuwğanlarıbıznıour children's | tuwğanlarığıznıyou all's children's | tuwğanlarınıtheir children's |
| Accusative | tuwğanlanıthe children (as the object) | tuwğanlarımımy children (as the object) | tuwğanlarıŋıyour children (as the object) | tuwğanlarınhis children (as the object) | tuwğanlarıbıznıour children (as the object) | tuwğanlarığıznıyou all's children (as the object) | tuwğanlarıntheir children (as the object) |
| Dative | tuwğanlağato the children | tuwğanlarımato my children | tuwğanlarıŋato your children | tuwğanlarınato his children | tuwğanlarıbızğato our children | tuwğanlarığızğato you all's children | tuwğanlarınato their children |
| Locative | tuwğanladain / at the children | tuwğanlarımdain / at my children | tuwğanlarıŋdain / at your children | tuwğanlarındain / at his children | tuwğanlarıbızdain / at our children | tuwğanlarığızdain / at you all's children | tuwğanlarındain / at their children |
| Ablative | tuwğanladanfrom the children | tuwğanlarımdanfrom my children | tuwğanlarıŋdanfrom your children | tuwğanlarındanfrom his children | tuwğanlarıbızdanfrom our children | tuwğanlarığızdanfrom you all's children | tuwğanlarındanfrom their children |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: tuwğanları can mean "his / her children", "their child", or "their children" — context decides.
Whose it is
| Case | one thing, one owner | several things, one owner | one thing, several owners | several things, several owners |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | tuwğannıqıthe child's one | tuwğannıqılathe child's ones | tuwğanlanıqıthe children's one | tuwğanlanıqılathe children's ones |
| Genitive | tuwğannıqınıof the child's one | tuwğannıqılanıof the child's ones | tuwğanlanıqınıof the children's one | tuwğanlanıqılanıof the children's ones |
| Accusative | tuwğannıqınthe child's one (as the object) | tuwğannıqılanıthe child's ones (as the object) | tuwğanlanıqınthe children's one (as the object) | tuwğanlanıqılanıthe children's ones (as the object) |
| Dative | tuwğannıqınato the child's one | tuwğannıqılağato the child's ones | tuwğanlanıqınato the children's one | tuwğanlanıqılağato the children's ones |
| Locative | tuwğannıqındain / at the child's one | tuwğannıqıladain / at the child's ones | tuwğanlanıqındain / at the children's one | tuwğanlanıqıladain / at the children's ones |
| Ablative | tuwğannıqındanfrom the child's one | tuwğannıqıladanfrom the child's ones | tuwğanlanıqındanfrom the children's one | tuwğanlanıqıladanfrom the children's ones |
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
Which reading? Look at what follows.
| tuwğan + noun | the one who is born (the noun is the doer) |
|---|---|
| tuwğanı, nothing after | someone's being born |
| tuwğanı under bilirge, körürge | that someone is born |
Cases with an owner
The endings on tuwğanı, the form with a third-person owner. Every other owner takes the same six.
| nominative | tuwğanıhis / her having been born |
|---|---|
| genitive | tuwğanınıhis / her having been born's |
| accusative | tuwğanınhis / her having been born |
| dative | tuwğanınato his / her having been born |
| locative | tuwğanındawhen he / she was born |
| ablative | tuwğanındanafter he / she was born |
Negative
| the negative | tuwmağanthe one that was not born |
|---|---|
| his / her | tuwmağanıhis / her not having been born |