tuwma
/tuwma/
1. innate, inborn, congenital
- tuwma soqur — blind from birth
- tuwma qıyawlu sabiy — a child disabled from birth
- tuwma awruw — a congenital illness
- ol tuwma aqıllıdı — he is clever by birth
2. native, by birth
- tuwma tawlu — a highlander by birth
- tuwma anadan qımızha — stark naked, as on the day he was born
- men bu elni tuwma adamıma — I am a native of this village
Expressions
- anadan tuwma qımıja bolurğa — stark naked
- anadan tuwma saw bolurğa — perfectly healthy
Degrees
| Degree | —form |
|---|---|
| base form | tuwmainnate |
| comparative — more | tuwmaraqmore innate |
| intensifier — very | bek tuwmavery innate |
| superlative — most | em tuwmathe most innate |
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki tuwmadımine is innate | seniki tuwmadıyours is innate | anıqı tuwmadıhis is innate | bizniki tuwmadıours is innate | sizniki tuwmadıyours (pl.) is innate | alanıqı tuwmadıtheirs is innate |
| comparative — more | meniki tuwmaraqdımine is more innate | seniki tuwmaraqdıyours is more innate | anıqı tuwmaraqdıhis is more innate | bizniki tuwmaraqdıours is more innate | sizniki tuwmaraqdıyours (pl.) is more innate | alanıqı tuwmaraqdıtheirs is more innate |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek tuwmadımine is very innate | seniki bek tuwmadıyours is very innate | anıqı bek tuwmadıhis is very innate | bizniki bek tuwmadıours is very innate | sizniki bek tuwmadıyours (pl.) is very innate | alanıqı bek tuwmadıtheirs is very innate |
| superlative — most | meniki em tuwmadımine is the most innate | seniki em tuwmadıyours is the most innate | anıqı em tuwmadıhis is the most innate | bizniki em tuwmadıours is the most innate | sizniki em tuwmadıyours (pl.) is the most innate | alanıqı em tuwmadıtheirs is the most innate |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile tuwmadılamine are innate | senikile tuwmadılayours are innate | anıqıla tuwmadılahis are innate | biznikile tuwmadılaours are innate | siznikile tuwmadılayours (pl.) are innate | alanıqıla tuwmadılatheirs are innate |
| comparative — more | menikile tuwmaraqdılamine are more innate | senikile tuwmaraqdılayours are more innate | anıqıla tuwmaraqdılahis are more innate | biznikile tuwmaraqdılaours are more innate | siznikile tuwmaraqdılayours (pl.) are more innate | alanıqıla tuwmaraqdılatheirs are more innate |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek tuwmadılamine are very innate | senikile bek tuwmadılayours are very innate | anıqıla bek tuwmadılahis are very innate | biznikile bek tuwmadılaours are very innate | siznikile bek tuwmadılayours (pl.) are very innate | alanıqıla bek tuwmadılatheirs are very innate |
| superlative — most | menikile em tuwmadılamine are the most innate | senikile em tuwmadılayours are the most innate | anıqıla em tuwmadılahis are the most innate | biznikile em tuwmadılaours are the most innate | siznikile em tuwmadılayours (pl.) are the most innate | alanıqıla em tuwmadılatheirs are the most innate |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu tuwmadı, bıla tuwmadıla. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".