qalırğa
/qalɯrʁa/
1. remain, stay, be left — Also of what is left over after use, of time or distance still to go, of staying with someone, and of staying in a former role or ending up in a state: üyde qaldı “he stayed at home”.
- ol üyde qalsın — let him stay at home
- keterge bla qalırğa bilmeyme — I don't know whether to leave or stay
- anda qalayıq — let us stay there
- tört orun boş qaldı — four places were left free
- bayramğa köb qalmağandı — not much time is left until the holiday
- elge köb qalmağandı — it is not far to the village now
2. spend the night, stay overnight — Often with keçe “night”: keçe qalırğa.
- keçe qalırğa — to stay the night
- bügeçe bizde qalasa — if you stay the night at our place tonight
- jaş tambla keçe sizde qallıqdı — the young man will stay the night at your place tomorrow
3. survive, endure without perishing
- saw qalğanla üylerine qaytdıla — those who survived returned to their homes
- ne ölürme, ne qalırma — either I will die or I will survive
- anasını qalğanın — that his mother had survived
- öletden qalğan örtenden da qalır — one who survived the plague will survive the fire too
4. be absent from an activity, miss attendance
- jaş eki dersden qaldı — the boy missed two lessons
- oquwdan qaldı — he missed school
- işden qalma — do not miss work
- dersden qalırğa jaramaydı — one must not miss lessons
5. fall behind, be late, arrive too late for transport
- avtobusdan qaldıq — we missed the bus
- avtobusdan qalırbız — we will miss the bus
- joldaşlarımdan qaldım — I fell behind my companions
- jolda barğanda teŋlerimden qaldım — walking along the road I fell behind my friends
- maşinadan qaldım — I missed my ride
6. fall into trouble, fall into difficulty, find oneself in an awkward situation
- palahha qalırğa — to fall into trouble
- qıyınlıqğa qaldım — I fell into misfortune
- başım qıyınlıqğa qaldı — I got myself into trouble
- başı qaldı külküge — he became a laughingstock
7. die out, fall out of use, become obsolete — Said of a custom, a habit or a word.
- ol adet ertde qalğandı — that custom died out long ago
- eski sözle qalğandıla — the old words have gone out of use
- endi jaşnı ol qılığı qalğandı — now that habit of the boy's has gone
- eski, osal adetle qalırğa kerekdile — old, bad customs must die out
- qalırğa unamağan adet — a custom that will not die out
8. lose a game, be left the loser — Of card games, chess and other games.
- men qaldım — I was the loser
- bu jol kim qaldı? — who lost this time?
- şahmat oyunda men qalğanma — I lost at chess
- jaş eki kere da qaldı — the boy lost both times
- oynadı da qaldı — he played and lost
9. come down to someone, be left as an inheritance, fall to someone's share
- anŋa qalğan üy — the house that came down to him
- atamdan menŋe qalğan mülk — the property that came to me from my father
- menŋe kitabla qalğandıla — the books came down to me
- bu altınım kimge qallıqdı? — who will this gold of mine go to?
10. remain to be done (of an unfinished task)
- az iş qalğandı, terk boşarbız — little work is left, we will finish quickly
- eki qaŋa urluğubuz qalğandı — we have two boards left to nail
- endi üynü başın jabıw qalğandı — now roofing the house is what remains
11. be remembered, remain in memory
- esinde qalmaydı — it does not stay in his memory
- ol kün meni esimde qalğandı — that day has stayed in my memory
- anı sözleri esibizde qaldıla — his words remained in our memory
12. escape danger, be rid of something
- ölümden qaldım — I escaped death
- ol ullu palahdan qalğandı — he escaped a great misfortune
- biz bu jol qıyınlıqdan qaldıq — this time we escaped misfortune
- qıyınlıqdan qalayıq — let us escape misfortune
13. be held back, repeat a year (at school) one source
- köçmey qalırğa — to be held back a year
- ol bıyıl köçmey qaldı — he was held back this year
- köçmey, orunlarında qalğanla — those who did not move up and stayed where they were
14. stop at something, confine oneself to — What one stops at is named with bla, and this meaning needs that phrase: terek ornathan bla qalayıq “let us stop at planting trees”. one source
- bıyıl terek ornathan bla qalayıq — let us stop at planting trees this year
- bir söz bla qaldı — he confined himself to a single word
15. get stuck, get lodged, get jammed one source
- arba jolda batmaqda qaldı — the cart got stuck in the mud on the road
- oq süekni qatında qalğandı — the bullet lodged next to the bone
- taş bırğını içinde qalğandı Abuçuq — Abuchuk got stuck inside the stone pipe
16. cease (of an activity) one source
- qış kelgende işle qaldıla — when winter came the work ceased
- oquwum qalırğa tüşerikdi — my schooling will have to stop
- endi toylada jırlaw qala baradı — singing at weddings is dying out now
17. be postponed, be deferred one source
- iş başha künŋe qaldı — the work was put off to another day
- tamblağa qalırğa — to be postponed until tomorrow
- bizni toyubuz jayğa qalğandı — our wedding has been put off until the summer
- tamblağa qalırğa jararıq tüldü — it must not be put off until tomorrow
18. die, lose one’s life — Most often of someone killed in war. one source
- meni atam ullu uruşda qalğandı — my father died in the great war
- elden köb jaş uruşda qaldı — many young men from the village died in the war
- uruş awlaqlada qalğan atasın — his father who died on the battlefields
19. end up doing something — After a converb it marks a completed action or an unexpected result: ketib qaldı “he went off”.
- ketib qalırğa — to go off, to leave
- körmey qaldım — I didn't notice
- ot juqlanıb qalğandı — the fire has gone out
- bolluq bolub qaldı — what was bound to happen happened
20. be certain to do something — In the negative, after a negative converb: kelmey qalmam “I will certainly come”. one source
- kelmey qalmam — I will certainly come
- ol bügün kelmey qalmaz — he is sure to come today
- barmay qalmağız — be sure to go
- köb qarğışnı biri jetmey qalmaydı — of many curses, one is sure to strike
21. persist in doing something — After the infinitive, it marks insistent repetition of the action. one source
- sorurğa qaldı — kept asking
- gitçe sabiy jılarğa qaldı — the little child kept crying
- qartla eski zamannı esgerirge qaldıla — the old men kept recalling the old times
Expressions
- menden qalmasa, qallıq tüldü — no worse than me
- ne alay qalğanda da — at the very least
- nesinden qallıqma — no need to beg
- anı tübünde qalmazğa — repay a debt
Conjugation
Common forms
- qaladıhe is remaining
- qaldıhe remained
- qalğandıhe has remained
- qalırhe will remain
- qallıqdıhe is going to remain
- qala edihe was remaining
- qalsaif he remains
- qal!remain!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalamaI am remaining | senqalasayou are remaining | olqaladıhe is remaining | bizqalabızwe are remaining | sizqalasızyou all are remaining | alaqaladılathey are remaining |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalmaymaI am not remaining | senqalmaysayou are not remaining | olqalmaydıhe is not remaining | bizqalmaybızwe are not remaining | sizqalmaysızyou all are not remaining | alaqalmaydılathey are not remaining |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalamamı? qalamıma?am I remaining? | senqalamısa?are you remaining? | olqalamıdı?is he remaining? | bizqalabızmı? qalamıbız?are we remaining? | sizqalamısız?are you all remaining? | alaqalamıdıla?are they remaining? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqalmaymamı? qalmaymıma?aren't I remaining? | senqalmaymısa?aren't you remaining? | olqalmaymıdı?isn't he remaining? | bizqalmaybızmı? qalmaymıbız?aren't we remaining? | sizqalmaymısız?aren't you all remaining? | alaqalmaymıdıla?aren't they remaining? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalıwçanmaI usually remain | senqalıwçansayou usually remain | olqalıwçandıhe usually remains | bizqalıwçanbızwe usually remain | sizqalıwçansızyou all usually remain | alaqalıwçandılathey usually remain |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalmawçanmaI usually don't remain | senqalmawçansayou usually don't remain | olqalmawçandıhe usually doesn't remain | bizqalmawçanbızwe usually don't remain | sizqalmawçansızyou all usually don't remain | alaqalmawçandılathey usually don't remain |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalıwçanmamı? qalıwçanmıma?do I usually remain? | senqalıwçanmısa?do you usually remain? | olqalıwçanmıdı?does he usually remain? | bizqalıwçanbızmı? qalıwçanmıbız?do we usually remain? | sizqalıwçanmısız?do you all usually remain? | alaqalıwçanmıdıla?do they usually remain? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqalmawçanmamı? qalmawçanmıma?do I usually not remain? | senqalmawçanmısa?do you usually not remain? | olqalmawçanmıdı?does he usually not remain? | bizqalmawçanbızmı? qalmawçanmıbız?do we usually not remain? | sizqalmawçanmısız?do you all usually not remain? | alaqalmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not remain? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalıbdıhe has remained and remains so | alaqalıbdılathey have remained and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqalıbmıdı?has he remained? | alaqalıbmıdıla?have they remained? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalıb turamaI keep remaining | senqalıb turasayou keep remaining | olqalıb turadıhe keeps remaining | bizqalıb turabızwe keep remaining | sizqalıb turasızyou all keep remaining | alaqalıb turadılathey keep remaining |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalıb turmaymaI don't keep remaining | senqalıb turmaysayou don't keep remaining | olqalıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep remaining | bizqalıb turmaybızwe don't keep remaining | sizqalıb turmaysızyou all don't keep remaining | alaqalıb turmaydılathey don't keep remaining |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalıb turamamı? qalıb turamıma?do I keep remaining? | senqalıb turamısa?do you keep remaining? | olqalıb turamıdı?does he keep remaining? | bizqalıb turabızmı? qalıb turamıbız?do we keep remaining? | sizqalıb turamısız?do you all keep remaining? | alaqalıb turamıdıla?do they keep remaining? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqalıb turmaymamı? qalıb turmaymıma?don't I keep remaining? | senqalıb turmaymısa?don't you keep remaining? | olqalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep remaining? | bizqalıb turmaybızmı? qalıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep remaining? | sizqalıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep remaining? | alaqalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep remaining? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqala turamaI am in the middle of remaining | senqala turasayou are in the middle of remaining | olqala turadıhe is in the middle of remaining | bizqala turabızwe are in the middle of remaining | sizqala turasızyou all are in the middle of remaining | alaqala turadılathey are in the middle of remaining |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqala turmaymaI am not in the middle of remaining | senqala turmaysayou are not in the middle of remaining | olqala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of remaining | bizqala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of remaining | sizqala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of remaining | alaqala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of remaining |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqala turamamı? qala turamıma?am I in the middle of remaining? | senqala turamısa?are you in the middle of remaining? | olqala turamıdı?is he in the middle of remaining? | bizqala turabızmı? qala turamıbız?are we in the middle of remaining? | sizqala turamısız?are you all in the middle of remaining? | alaqala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of remaining? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqala turmaymamı? qala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of remaining? | senqala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of remaining? | olqala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of remaining? | bizqala turmaybızmı? qala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of remaining? | sizqala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of remaining? | alaqala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of remaining? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaldımI remained | senqaldıŋyou remained | olqaldıhe remained | bizqaldıqwe remained | sizqaldığızyou all remained | alaqaldılathey remained |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalmadımI didn't remain | senqalmadıŋyou didn't remain | olqalmadıhe didn't remain | bizqalmadıqwe didn't remain | sizqalmadığızyou all didn't remain | alaqalmadılathey didn't remain |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaldımmı?did I remain? | senqaldıŋmı?did you remain? | olqaldımı?did he remain? | bizqaldıqmı?did we remain? | sizqaldığızmı?did you all remain? | alaqaldılamı?did they remain? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqalmadımmı?didn't I remain? | senqalmadıŋmı?didn't you remain? | olqalmadımı?didn't he remain? | bizqalmadıqmı?didn't we remain? | sizqalmadığızmı?didn't you all remain? | alaqalmadılamı?didn't they remain? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalğanmaI have remained | senqalğansayou have remained | olqalğandıhe has remained | bizqalğanbızwe have remained | sizqalğansızyou all have remained | alaqalğandılathey have remained |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalmağanmaI haven't remained | senqalmağansayou haven't remained | olqalmağandıhe hasn't remained | bizqalmağanbızwe haven't remained | sizqalmağansızyou all haven't remained | alaqalmağandılathey haven't remained |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalğanmamı? qalğanmıma?have I remained? | senqalğanmısa?have you remained? | olqalğanmıdı?has he remained? | bizqalğanbızmı? qalğanmıbız?have we remained? | sizqalğanmısız?have you all remained? | alaqalğanmıdıla?have they remained? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqalmağanmamı? qalmağanmıma?haven't I remained? | senqalmağanmısa?haven't you remained? | olqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he remained? | bizqalmağanbızmı? qalmağanmıbız?haven't we remained? | sizqalmağanmısız?haven't you all remained? | alaqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they remained? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalıb turdumI kept remaining | senqalıb turduŋyou kept remaining | olqalıb turduhe kept remaining | bizqalıb turduqwe kept remaining | sizqalıb turduğuzyou all kept remaining | alaqalıb turdulathey kept remaining |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqalıb turmadımI didn't keep remaining | senqalıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep remaining | olqalıb turmadıhe didn't keep remaining | bizqalıb turmadıqwe didn't keep remaining | sizqalıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep remaining | alaqalıb turmadılathey didn't keep remaining |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalırmaI will remain | senqalırsayou will remain | olqalırhe will remain | bizqalırbızwe will remain | sizqalırsızyou all will remain | alaqalırlathey will remain |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalmazmaI won't remain | senqalmazsayou won't remain | olqalmazhe won't remain | bizqalmazbızwe won't remain | sizqalmazsızyou all won't remain | alaqalmazlathey won't remain |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalırmamı? qalırmıma?will I remain? | senqalırmısa?will you remain? | olqalırmı?will he remain? | bizqalırbızmı? qalırmıbız?will we remain? | sizqalırmısız?will you all remain? | alaqalırlamı? qalırmıla?will they remain? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqalmazmamı? qalmazmıma?won't I remain? | senqalmazmısa?won't you remain? | olqalmazmı?won't he remain? | bizqalmazbızmı? qalmazmıbız?won't we remain? | sizqalmazmısız?won't you all remain? | alaqalmazlamı? qalmazmıla?won't they remain? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqallıqmaI am going to remain | senqallıqsayou are going to remain | olqallıqdıhe is going to remain | bizqallıqbızwe are going to remain | sizqallıqsızyou all are going to remain | alaqallıqdılathey are going to remain |
| Definite future (future II) | menqallıq tülmeI am not going to remain | senqallıq tülseyou are not going to remain | olqallıq tüldühe is not going to remain | bizqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to remain | sizqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to remain | alaqallıq tüldülethey are not going to remain |
| Definite future (future II) | menqallıqmamı? qallıqmıma?am I going to remain? | senqallıqmısa?are you going to remain? | olqallıqmıdı?is he going to remain? | bizqallıqbızmı? qallıqmıbız?are we going to remain? | sizqallıqmısız?are you all going to remain? | alaqallıqmıdıla?are they going to remain? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to remain? | senqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to remain? | olqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to remain? | bizqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to remain? | sizqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to remain? | alaqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to remain? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalğan edimqalğanemI had remained | senqalğan ediŋqalğaneŋyou had remained | olqalğan ediqalğanedhe had remained | bizqalğan edikqalğanekwe had remained | sizqalğan edigizqalğanegizyou all had remained | alaqalğan edileqalğanellethey had remained |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqalmağan edimqalmağanemI hadn't remained | senqalmağan ediŋqalmağaneŋyou hadn't remained | olqalmağan ediqalmağanedhe hadn't remained | bizqalmağan edikqalmağanekwe hadn't remained | sizqalmağan edigizqalmağanegizyou all hadn't remained | alaqalmağan edileqalmağanellethey hadn't remained |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqala edimqalaemI was remaining | senqala ediŋqalaeŋyou were remaining | olqala ediqalaedhe was remaining | bizqala edikqalaekwe were remaining | sizqala edigizqalaegizyou all were remaining | alaqala edileqalaellethey were remaining |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqalmay edimqalmayemI wasn't remaining | senqalmay ediŋqalmayeŋyou weren't remaining | olqalmay ediqalmayedhe wasn't remaining | bizqalmay edikqalmayekwe weren't remaining | sizqalmay edigizqalmayegizyou all weren't remaining | alaqalmay edileqalmayellethey weren't remaining |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalıwçan edimqalıwçanemI used to remain | senqalıwçan ediŋqalıwçaneŋyou used to remain | olqalıwçan ediqalıwçanedhe used to remain | bizqalıwçan edikqalıwçanekwe used to remain | sizqalıwçan edigizqalıwçanegizyou all used to remain | alaqalıwçan edileqalıwçanellethey used to remain |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqalmawçan edimqalmawçanemI didn't use to remain | senqalmawçan ediŋqalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to remain | olqalmawçan ediqalmawçanedhe didn't use to remain | bizqalmawçan edikqalmawçanekwe didn't use to remain | sizqalmawçan edigizqalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to remain | alaqalmawçan edileqalmawçanellethey didn't use to remain |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalıb edihe had remained and remained so | alaqalıb edilethey had remained and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqalıb tül edihe hadn't remained | alaqalıb tül edilethey hadn't remained | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalıb tura edimqalıb turaemI had kept remaining | senqalıb tura ediŋqalıb turaeŋyou had kept remaining | olqalıb tura ediqalıb turaedhe had kept remaining | bizqalıb tura edikqalıb turaekwe had kept remaining | sizqalıb tura edigizqalıb turaegizyou all had kept remaining | alaqalıb tura edileqalıb turaellethey had kept remaining |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqalıb turmay edimqalıb turmayemI hadn't kept remaining | senqalıb turmay ediŋqalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept remaining | olqalıb turmay ediqalıb turmayedhe hadn't kept remaining | bizqalıb turmay edikqalıb turmayekwe hadn't kept remaining | sizqalıb turmay edigizqalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept remaining | alaqalıb turmay edileqalıb turmayellethey hadn't kept remaining |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqala tura edimqala turaemI was in the middle of remaining | senqala tura ediŋqala turaeŋyou were in the middle of remaining | olqala tura ediqala turaedhe was in the middle of remaining | bizqala tura edikqala turaekwe were in the middle of remaining | sizqala tura edigizqala turaegizyou all were in the middle of remaining | alaqala tura edileqala turaellethey were in the middle of remaining |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqala turmay edimqala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of remaining | senqala turmay ediŋqala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of remaining | olqala turmay ediqala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of remaining | bizqala turmay edikqala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of remaining | sizqala turmay edigizqala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of remaining | alaqala turmay edileqala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of remaining |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqalır edimqalır emI would remain | senqalır ediŋqalır eŋyou would remain | olqalır ediqalır edhe would remain | bizqalır edikqalır ekwe would remain | sizqalır edigizqalır egizyou all would remain | alaqalır edileqalır ellethey would remain |
| Conditional result (would) | menqalmaz edimqalmaz emI wouldn't remain | senqalmaz ediŋqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't remain | olqalmaz ediqalmaz edhe wouldn't remain | bizqalmaz edikqalmaz ekwe wouldn't remain | sizqalmaz edigizqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't remain | alaqalmaz edileqalmaz ellethey wouldn't remain |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqallıq edimqallıq emI would have remained | senqallıq ediŋqallıq eŋyou would have remained | olqallıq ediqallıq edhe would have remained | bizqallıq edikqallıq ekwe would have remained | sizqallıq edigizqallıq egizyou all would have remained | alaqallıq edileqallıq ellethey would have remained |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqallıq tül edimqallıq tül emI wouldn't have remained | senqallıq tül ediŋqallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have remained | olqallıq tül ediqallıq tül edhe wouldn't have remained | bizqallıq tül edikqallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have remained | sizqallıq tül edigizqallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have remained | alaqallıq tül edileqallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have remained |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqalsamif I remain | senqalsaŋif you remain | olqalsaif he remains | bizqalsaqif we remain | sizqalsağızif you all remain | alaqalsalaif they remain |
| Conditional | menqalmasamif I don't remain | senqalmasaŋif you don't remain | olqalmasaif he doesn't remain | bizqalmasaqif we don't remain | sizqalmasağızif you all don't remain | alaqalmasalaif they don't remain |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqala esemif I am remaining | senqala eseŋif you are remaining | olqala eseif he is remaining | bizqala esekif we are remaining | sizqala esegizif you all are remaining | alaqala eseleif they are remaining |
| Conditional, present real | menqalmay esemif I am not remaining | senqalmay eseŋif you are not remaining | olqalmay eseif he is not remaining | bizqalmay esekif we are not remaining | sizqalmay esegizif you all are not remaining | alaqalmay eseleif they are not remaining |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalsam ediqalsam edif only I remained | senqalsaŋ ediqalsaŋ edif only you remained | olqalsa ediqalsaedif only he remained | bizqalsaq ediqalsaq edif only we remained | sizqalsağız ediqalsağız edif only you all remained | alaqalsala ediqalsalaedif only they remained |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqalmasam ediqalmasam edif only I didn't remain | senqalmasaŋ ediqalmasaŋ edif only you didn't remain | olqalmasa ediqalmasaedif only he didn't remain | bizqalmasaq ediqalmasaq edif only we didn't remain | sizqalmasağız ediqalmasağız edif only you all didn't remain | alaqalmasala ediqalmasalaedif only they didn't remain |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqalıb tursamif I carry on remaining | senqalıb tursaŋif you carry on remaining | olqalıb tursaif he carries on remaining | bizqalıb tursaqif we carry on remaining | sizqalıb tursağızif you all carry on remaining | alaqalıb tursalaif they carry on remaining |
| Durative conditional | menqalıb turmasamif I don't carry on remaining | senqalıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on remaining | olqalıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on remaining | bizqalıb turmasaqif we don't carry on remaining | sizqalıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on remaining | alaqalıb turmasalaif they don't carry on remaining |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalıb tura esemif I have kept remaining | senqalıb tura eseŋif you have kept remaining | olqalıb tura eseif he has kept remaining | bizqalıb tura esekif we have kept remaining | sizqalıb tura esegizif you all have kept remaining | alaqalıb tura eseleif they have kept remaining |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqalıb turmay esemif I haven't kept remaining | senqalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept remaining | olqalıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept remaining | bizqalıb turmay esekif we haven't kept remaining | sizqalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept remaining | alaqalıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept remaining |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqala tursamif I keep remaining | senqala tursaŋif you keep remaining | olqala tursaif he keeps remaining | bizqala tursaqif we keep remaining | sizqala tursağızif you all keep remaining | alaqala tursalaif they keep remaining |
| Progressive conditional | menqalmay tursamif I keep on not remaining | senqalmay tursaŋif you keep on not remaining | olqalmay tursaif he keeps on not remaining | bizqalmay tursaqif we keep on not remaining | sizqalmay tursağızif you all keep on not remaining | alaqalmay tursalaif they keep on not remaining |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqala tura esemif I am in the middle of remaining | senqala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of remaining | olqala tura eseif he is in the middle of remaining | bizqala tura esekif we are in the middle of remaining | sizqala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of remaining | alaqala tura eseleif they are in the middle of remaining |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqalmay tura esemif I keep on not remaining | senqalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not remaining | olqalmay tura eseif he keeps on not remaining | bizqalmay tura esekif we keep on not remaining | sizqalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not remaining | alaqalmay tura eseleif they keep on not remaining |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaldım esemif I remained | senqaldıŋ eseŋif you remained | olqaldı eseif he remained | bizqaldıq esekif we remained | sizqaldığız esegizif you all remained | alaqaldıla eseleif they remained |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqalmadım esemif I didn't remain | senqalmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't remain | olqalmadı eseif he didn't remain | bizqalmadıq esekif we didn't remain | sizqalmadığız esegizif you all didn't remain | alaqalmadıla eseleif they didn't remain |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqalğan esemif I did remain (indeed) | senqalğan eseŋif you did remain (indeed) | olqalğan eseif he did remain (indeed) | bizqalğan esekif we did remain (indeed) | sizqalğan esegizif you all did remain (indeed) | alaqalğan eseleif they did remain (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqalmağan esemif I didn't remain (indeed) | senqalmağan eseŋif you didn't remain (indeed) | olqalmağan eseif he didn't remain (indeed) | bizqalmağan esekif we didn't remain (indeed) | sizqalmağan esegizif you all didn't remain (indeed) | alaqalmağan eseleif they didn't remain (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalğan bolsamif I had remained | senqalğan bolsaŋif you had remained | olqalğan bolsaif he had remained | bizqalğan bolsaqif we had remained | sizqalğan bolsağızif you all had remained | alaqalğan bolsalaif they had remained |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqalmağan bolsamif I hadn't remained | senqalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't remained | olqalmağan bolsaif he hadn't remained | bizqalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't remained | sizqalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't remained | alaqalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't remained |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalğan bolsam ediqalğan bolsam edif only I had remained | senqalğan bolsaŋ ediqalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had remained | olqalğan bolsa ediqalğan bolsaedif only he had remained | bizqalğan bolsaq ediqalğan bolsaq edif only we had remained | sizqalğan bolsağız ediqalğan bolsağız edif only you all had remained | alaqalğan bolsala ediqalğan bolsalaedif only they had remained |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqalmağan bolsam ediqalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't remained | senqalmağan bolsaŋ ediqalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't remained | olqalmağan bolsa ediqalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't remained | bizqalmağan bolsaq ediqalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't remained | sizqalmağan bolsağız ediqalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't remained | alaqalmağan bolsala ediqalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't remained |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqalır esemif I will remain | senqalır eseŋif you will remain | olqalır eseif he will remain | bizqalır esekif we will remain | sizqalır esegizif you all will remain | alaqalır eseleif they will remain |
| Conditional, aorist | menqalmaz esemif I won't remain | senqalmaz eseŋif you won't remain | olqalmaz eseif he won't remain | bizqalmaz esekif we won't remain | sizqalmaz esegizif you all won't remain | alaqalmaz eseleif they won't remain |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqallıq esemif I am going to remain | senqallıq eseŋif you are going to remain | olqallıq eseif he is going to remain | bizqallıq esekif we are going to remain | sizqallıq esegizif you all are going to remain | alaqallıq eseleif they are going to remain |
| Conditional, future | menqallıq tül esemif I am not going to remain | senqallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to remain | olqallıq tül eseif he is not going to remain | bizqallıq tül esekif we are not going to remain | sizqallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to remain | alaqallıq tül eseleif they are not going to remain |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqallıq bolsamif I were going to remain | senqallıq bolsaŋif you were going to remain | olqallıq bolsaif he were going to remain | bizqallıq bolsaqif we were going to remain | sizqallıq bolsağızif you all were going to remain | alaqallıq bolsalaif they were going to remain |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to remain | senqalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to remain | olqalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to remain | bizqalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to remain | sizqalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to remain | alaqalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to remain |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qaldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqala bolurmaI must be remaining | senqala bolursayou must be remaining | olqala bolurhe must be remaining | bizqala bolurbuzwe must be remaining | sizqala bolursuzyou all must be remaining | alaqala bolurlathey must be remaining |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqalmay bolurmaI must not be remaining | senqalmay bolursayou must not be remaining | olqalmay bolurhe must not be remaining | bizqalmay bolurbuzwe must not be remaining | sizqalmay bolursuzyou all must not be remaining | alaqalmay bolurlathey must not be remaining |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of remaining | senqala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of remaining | olqala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of remaining | bizqala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of remaining | sizqala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of remaining | alaqala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of remaining |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not remaining | senqalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not remaining | olqalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not remaining | bizqalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not remaining | sizqalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not remaining | alaqalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not remaining |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqalğan bolurmaI must have remained | senqalğan bolursayou must have remained | olqalğan bolurhe must have remained | bizqalğan bolurbuzwe must have remained | sizqalğan bolursuzyou all must have remained | alaqalğan bolurlathey must have remained |
| Inference (must have) | menqalmağan bolurmaI must not have remained | senqalmağan bolursayou must not have remained | olqalmağan bolurhe must not have remained | bizqalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have remained | sizqalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have remained | alaqalmağan bolurlathey must not have remained |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqallıq bolurmaI must be going to remain | senqallıq bolursayou must be going to remain | olqallıq bolurhe must be going to remain | bizqallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to remain | sizqallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to remain | alaqallıq bolurlathey must be going to remain |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to remain | senqalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to remain | olqalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to remain | bizqalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to remain | sizqalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to remain | alaqalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to remain |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqalayımlet me remain | senqal!remain! | olqalsınlet him remain | bizqalayıqlet's remain | sizqalığız!remain, you all! | alaqalsınlalet them remain |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalmayımlet me not remain | senqalma!don't remain! | olqalmasınlet him not remain | bizqalmayıqlet's not remain | sizqalmağız!don't remain, you all! | alaqalmasınlalet them not remain |
| Commands & suggestions | menqalayımmı?shall I remain? | olqalsınmı?should he remain? | bizqalayıqmı?shall we remain? | alaqalsınlamı?should they remain? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqalmayımmı?shall I not remain? | olqalmasınmı?should he not remain? | bizqalmayıqmı?shall we not remain? | alaqalmasınlamı?should they not remain? | ||
| Requests | senqalçı2qalçınplease remain | olqalsınçıdo let him remain | sizqalçığızplease remain (plural/polite) | alaqalsınlaçıdo let them remain | ||
| Requests | senqalmaçı2qalmaçınplease don't remain | olqalmasınçıdo let him not remain | sizqalmaçığızplease don't remain (plural/polite) | alaqalmasınlaçıdo let them not remain | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalğınqalğımay you remain | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqalmağınqalmağımay you not remain | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalğay edim qalğa edimwould that I remained | senqalğay ediŋ qalğa ediŋwould that you remained | olqalğay edi qalğa ediwould that he remained | bizqalğay edik qalğa edikwould that we remained | sizqalğay edigiz qalğa edigizwould that you all remained | alaqalğay edile qalğa edilewould that they remained |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqalmağay edim qalmağa edimwould that I did not remain | senqalmağay ediŋ qalmağa ediŋwould that you did not remain | olqalmağay edi qalmağa ediwould that he did not remain | bizqalmağay edik qalmağa edikwould that we did not remain | sizqalmağay edigiz qalmağa edigizwould that you all did not remain | alaqalmağay edile qalmağa edilewould that they did not remain |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalmağa qoyayımqalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to remain | senqalmağa qoy!qalma qoy!let someone remain! | olqalmağa qoysunqalma qoysunlet him allow someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoyayıqqalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoyuğuz!qalma qoyuğuz!let someone remain, you all! | alaqalmağa qoysunlaqalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to remain |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalmağa qoymayımqalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to remain | senqalmağa qoyma!qalma qoyma!don't let someone remain! | olqalmağa qoymasınqalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoymayıqqalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoymağız!qalma qoymağız!don't let someone remain, you all! | alaqalmağa qoymasınlaqalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to remain |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalmağa qoyayımmı?qalma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoysunmu?qalma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoyayıqmı?qalma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoysunlamı?qalma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to remain? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqalmağa qoymayımmı?qalma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoymasınmı?qalma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoymayıqmı?qalma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoymasınlamı?qalma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to remain? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqalmağa qoyamaqalma qoyamaI allow someone to remain | senqalmağa qoyasaqalma qoyasayou allow someone to remain | olqalmağa qoyadıqalma qoyadıhe allows someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoyabızqalma qoyabızwe allow someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoyasızqalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to remain | alaqalmağa qoyadılaqalma qoyadılathey allow someone to remain |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalmağa qoymaymaqalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to remain | senqalmağa qoymaysaqalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to remain | olqalmağa qoymaydıqalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoymaybızqalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoymaysızqalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to remain | alaqalmağa qoymaydılaqalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to remain |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalmağa qoyamamı?qalma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to remain? | senqalmağa qoyamısa?qalma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoyamıdı?qalma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoyabızmı?qalma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to remain? | sizqalmağa qoyamısız?qalma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoyamıdıla?qalma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to remain? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqalmağa qoymaymamı?qalma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to remain? | senqalmağa qoymaymısa?qalma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoymaymıdı?qalma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoymaybızmı?qalma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to remain? | sizqalmağa qoymaymısız?qalma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoymaymıdıla?qalma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to remain? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalmağa qoydumqalma qoydumI allowed someone to remain | senqalmağa qoyduŋqalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to remain | olqalmağa qoyduqalma qoyduhe allowed someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoyduqqalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoyduğuzqalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to remain | alaqalmağa qoydulaqalma qoydulathey allowed someone to remain |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalmağa qoymadımqalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to remain | senqalmağa qoymadıŋqalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to remain | olqalmağa qoymadıqalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to remain | bizqalmağa qoymadıqqalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to remain | sizqalmağa qoymadığızqalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to remain | alaqalmağa qoymadılaqalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to remain |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalmağa qoydummu?qalma qoydummu?did I allow someone to remain? | senqalmağa qoyduŋmu?qalma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoydumu?qalma qoydumu?did he allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoyduqmu?qalma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to remain? | sizqalmağa qoyduğuzmu?qalma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoydulamı?qalma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to remain? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqalmağa qoymadımmı?qalma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to remain? | senqalmağa qoymadıŋmı?qalma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to remain? | olqalmağa qoymadımı?qalma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to remain? | bizqalmağa qoymadıqmı?qalma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to remain? | sizqalmağa qoymadığızmı?qalma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to remain? | alaqalmağa qoymadılamı?qalma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to remain? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qalalırğa be able to remain · qalalmazğa be unable to remain
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqalalamaI can remain | senqalalasayou can remain | olqalaladıhe can remain | bizqalalabızwe can remain | sizqalalasızyou all can remain | alaqalaladılathey can remain |
| Ability — present | menqalalmaymaI can't remain | senqalalmaysayou can't remain | olqalalmaydıhe can't remain | bizqalalmaybızwe can't remain | sizqalalmaysızyou all can't remain | alaqalalmaydılathey can't remain |
| Ability — present | menqalalamamı? qalalamıma?can I remain? | senqalalamısa?can you remain? | olqalalamıdı?can he remain? | bizqalalabızmı? qalalamıbız?can we remain? | sizqalalamısız?can you all remain? | alaqalalamıdıla?can they remain? |
| Ability — present | menqalalmaymamı? qalalmaymıma?can't I remain? | senqalalmaymısa?can't you remain? | olqalalmaymıdı?can't he remain? | bizqalalmaybızmı? qalalmaymıbız?can't we remain? | sizqalalmaymısız?can't you all remain? | alaqalalmaymıdıla?can't they remain? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalalsamif I can remain | senqalalsaŋif you can remain | olqalalsaif he can remain | bizqalalsaqif we can remain | sizqalalsağızif you all can remain | alaqalalsalaif they can remain |
| Ability — if I can… | menqalalmasamif I can't remain | senqalalmasaŋif you can't remain | olqalalmasaif he can't remain | bizqalalmasaqif we can't remain | sizqalalmasağızif you all can't remain | alaqalalmasalaif they can't remain |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqalaldımI was able to remain | senqalaldıŋyou were able to remain | olqalaldıhe was able to remain | bizqalaldıqwe were able to remain | sizqalaldığızyou all were able to remain | alaqalaldılathey were able to remain |
| Ability — simple past | menqalalmadımI could not remain | senqalalmadıŋyou could not remain | olqalalmadıhe could not remain | bizqalalmadıqwe could not remain | sizqalalmadığızyou all could not remain | alaqalalmadılathey could not remain |
| Ability — simple past | menqalaldımmı?was I able to remain? | senqalaldıŋmı?were you able to remain? | olqalaldımı?was he able to remain? | bizqalaldıqmı?were we able to remain? | sizqalaldığızmı?were you all able to remain? | alaqalaldılamı?were they able to remain? |
| Ability — simple past | menqalalmadımmı?couldn't I remain? | senqalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you remain? | olqalalmadımı?couldn't he remain? | bizqalalmadıqmı?couldn't we remain? | sizqalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all remain? | alaqalalmadılamı?couldn't they remain? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalalğanmaI have been able to remain | senqalalğansayou have been able to remain | olqalalğandıhe has been able to remain | bizqalalğanbızwe have been able to remain | sizqalalğansızyou all have been able to remain | alaqalalğandılathey have been able to remain |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalalmağanmaI haven't been able to remain | senqalalmağansayou haven't been able to remain | olqalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to remain | bizqalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to remain | sizqalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to remain | alaqalalmağandılathey haven't been able to remain |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalalğanmamı? qalalğanmıma?have I been able to remain? | senqalalğanmısa?have you been able to remain? | olqalalğanmıdı?has he been able to remain? | bizqalalğanbızmı? qalalğanmıbız?have we been able to remain? | sizqalalğanmısız?have you all been able to remain? | alaqalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to remain? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqalalmağanmamı? qalalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to remain? | senqalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to remain? | olqalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to remain? | bizqalalmağanbızmı? qalalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to remain? | sizqalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to remain? | alaqalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to remain? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalalğan edimqalalğanemI had been able to remain | senqalalğan ediŋqalalğaneŋyou had been able to remain | olqalalğan ediqalalğanedhe had been able to remain | bizqalalğan edikqalalğanekwe had been able to remain | sizqalalğan edigizqalalğanegizyou all had been able to remain | alaqalalğan edileqalalğanellethey had been able to remain |
| Ability — past perfect | menqalalmağan edimqalalmağanemI hadn't been able to remain | senqalalmağan ediŋqalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to remain | olqalalmağan ediqalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to remain | bizqalalmağan edikqalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to remain | sizqalalmağan edigizqalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to remain | alaqalalmağan edileqalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to remain |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqalala edimqalalaemI could remain | senqalala ediŋqalalaeŋyou could remain | olqalala ediqalalaedhe could remain | bizqalala edikqalalaekwe could remain | sizqalala edigizqalalaegizyou all could remain | alaqalala edileqalalaellethey could remain |
| Ability — past background | menqalalmay edimqalalmayemI could not remain | senqalalmay ediŋqalalmayeŋyou could not remain | olqalalmay ediqalalmayedhe could not remain | bizqalalmay edikqalalmayekwe could not remain | sizqalalmay edigizqalalmayegizyou all could not remain | alaqalalmay edileqalalmayellethey could not remain |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqalalırmaI will be able to remain | senqalalırsayou will be able to remain | olqalalırhe will be able to remain | bizqalalırbızwe will be able to remain | sizqalalırsızyou all will be able to remain | alaqalalırlathey will be able to remain |
| Ability — future I | menqalalmazmaI won't be able to remain | senqalalmazsayou won't be able to remain | olqalalmazhe won't be able to remain | bizqalalmazbızwe won't be able to remain | sizqalalmazsızyou all won't be able to remain | alaqalalmazlathey won't be able to remain |
| Ability — future I | menqalalırmamı? qalalırmıma?will I be able to remain? | senqalalırmısa?will you be able to remain? | olqalalırmı?will he be able to remain? | bizqalalırbızmı? qalalırmıbız?will we be able to remain? | sizqalalırmısız?will you all be able to remain? | alaqalalırlamı? qalalırmıla?will they be able to remain? |
| Ability — future I | menqalalmazmamı? qalalmazmıma?won't I be able to remain? | senqalalmazmısa?won't you be able to remain? | olqalalmazmı?won't he be able to remain? | bizqalalmazbızmı? qalalmazmıbız?won't we be able to remain? | sizqalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to remain? | alaqalalmazlamı? qalalmazmıla?won't they be able to remain? |
| Ability — future II | menqalallıqmaI am going to be able to remain | senqalallıqsayou are going to be able to remain | olqalallıqdıhe is going to be able to remain | bizqalallıqbızwe are going to be able to remain | sizqalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to remain | alaqalallıqdılathey are going to be able to remain |
| Ability — future II | menqalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to remain | senqalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to remain | olqalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to remain | bizqalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to remain | sizqalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to remain | alaqalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to remain |
| Ability — future II | menqalallıqmamı? qalallıqmıma?am I going to be able to remain? | senqalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to remain? | olqalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to remain? | bizqalallıqbızmı? qalallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to remain? | sizqalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to remain? | alaqalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to remain? |
| Ability — future II | menqalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to remain? | senqalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to remain? | olqalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to remain? | bizqalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to remain? | sizqalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to remain? | alaqalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to remain? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalalır edimqalalır emI would be able to remain | senqalalır ediŋqalalır eŋyou would be able to remain | olqalalır ediqalalır edhe would be able to remain | bizqalalır edikqalalır ekwe would be able to remain | sizqalalır edigizqalalır egizyou all would be able to remain | alaqalalır edileqalalır ellethey would be able to remain |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqalalmaz edimqalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to remain | senqalalmaz ediŋqalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to remain | olqalalmaz ediqalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to remain | bizqalalmaz edikqalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to remain | sizqalalmaz edigizqalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to remain | alaqalalmaz edileqalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to remain |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalalğınqalalğımay you be able to remain | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqalalmağınqalalmağımay you not be able to remain | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqalırğa izleymeI want to remain | senqalırğa izleyseyou want to remain | olqalırğa izleydihe wants to remain | bizqalırğa izleybizwe want to remain | sizqalırğa izleysizyou all want to remain | alaqalırğa izleydilethey want to remain |
| want to | menqalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to remain | senqalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to remain | olqalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to remain | bizqalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to remain | sizqalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to remain | alaqalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to remain |
| would like to | menqalırğa süemeI would like to remain | senqalırğa süeseyou would like to remain | olqalırğa süedihe would like to remain | bizqalırğa süebizwe would like to remain | sizqalırğa süesizyou all would like to remain | alaqalırğa süedilethey would like to remain |
| would like to | menqalırğa süymeymeI would not like to remain | senqalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to remain | olqalırğa süymeydihe would not like to remain | bizqalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to remain | sizqalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to remain | alaqalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to remain |
| hope to | menqalırğa umutlanamaI hope to remain | senqalırğa umutlanasayou hope to remain | olqalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to remain | bizqalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to remain | sizqalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to remain | alaqalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to remain |
| hope to | menqalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to remain | senqalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to remain | olqalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to remain | bizqalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to remain | sizqalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to remain | alaqalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to remain |
| be about to | menqalırğa deb turamaI am about to remain | senqalırğa deb turasayou are about to remain | olqalırğa deb turadıhe is about to remain | bizqalırğa deb turabızwe are about to remain | sizqalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to remain | alaqalırğa deb turadılathey are about to remain |
| be about to | menqalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to remain | senqalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to remain | olqalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to remain | bizqalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to remain | sizqalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to remain | alaqalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to remain |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqalırğa kerekmeI need to remain | senqalırğa kerekseyou need to remain | olqalırğa kerekdihe needs to remain | bizqalırğa kerekbizwe need to remain | sizqalırğa kereksizyou all need to remain | alaqalırğa kerekdilethey need to remain |
| need to | menqalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to remain | senqalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to remain | olqalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to remain | bizqalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to remain | sizqalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to remain | alaqalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to remain |
| have to | menmenŋe qalırğa tüşediI have to remain | sensenŋe qalırğa tüşediyou have to remain | olaŋa qalırğa tüşedihe has to remain | bizbizge qalırğa tüşediwe have to remain | sizsizge qalırğa tüşediyou all have to remain | alaalağa qalırğa tüşedithey have to remain |
| have to | menmenŋe qalırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to remain | sensenŋe qalırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to remain | olaŋa qalırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to remain | bizbizge qalırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to remain | sizsizge qalırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to remain | alaalağa qalırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to remain |
| be obliged to | menqalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to remain | senqalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to remain | olqalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to remain | bizqalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to remain | sizqalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to remain | alaqalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to remain |
| be obliged to | menqalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to remain | senqalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to remain | olqalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to remain | bizqalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to remain | sizqalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to remain | alaqalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to remain |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to remain | senqalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to remain | olqalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to remain | bizqalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to remain | sizqalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to remain | alaqalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to remain |
| have a way to | menqalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to remain | senqalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to remain | olqalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to remain | bizqalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to remain | sizqalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to remain | alaqalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to remain |
| be free to | menqalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to remain | senqalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to remain | olqalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to remain | bizqalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to remain | sizqalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to remain | alaqalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to remain |
| be free to | menqalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to remain | senqalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to remain | olqalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to remain | bizqalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to remain | sizqalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to remain | alaqalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to remain |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to remain | sensenŋe qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to remain | olaŋa qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to remain | bizbizge qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to remain | sizsizge qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to remain | alaalağa qalırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to remain |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to remain | sensenŋe qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to remain | olaŋa qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to remain | bizbizge qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to remain | sizsizge qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to remain | alaalağa qalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to remain |
| be ready to | menqalırğa hazırmaI am ready to remain | senqalırğa hazırsayou are ready to remain | olqalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to remain | bizqalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to remain | sizqalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to remain | alaqalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to remain |
| be ready to | menqalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to remain | senqalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to remain | olqalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to remain | bizqalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to remain | sizqalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to remain | alaqalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to remain |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqalırğa küreşemeI am trying to remain | senqalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to remain | olqalırğa küreşedihe is trying to remain | bizqalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to remain | sizqalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to remain | alaqalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to remain |
| try to | menqalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to remain | senqalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to remain | olqalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to remain | bizqalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to remain | sizqalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to remain | alaqalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to remain |
| agree to | menqalırğa unaymaI agree to remain | senqalırğa unaysayou agree to remain | olqalırğa unaydıhe agrees to remain | bizqalırğa unaybızwe agree to remain | sizqalırğa unaysızyou all agree to remain | alaqalırğa unaydılathey agree to remain |
| agree to | menqalırğa unamaymaI refuse to remain | senqalırğa unamaysayou refuse to remain | olqalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to remain | bizqalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to remain | sizqalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to remain | alaqalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to remain |
| hurry to | menqalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to remain | senqalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to remain | olqalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to remain | bizqalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to remain | sizqalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to remain | alaqalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to remain |
| hurry to | menqalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to remain | senqalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to remain | olqalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to remain | bizqalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to remain | sizqalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to remain | alaqalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to remain |
| be afraid to | menqalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to remain | senqalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to remain | olqalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to remain | bizqalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to remain | sizqalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to remain | alaqalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to remain |
| be afraid to | menqalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to remain | senqalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to remain | olqalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to remain | bizqalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to remain | sizqalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to remain | alaqalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to remain |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqala bolmazmaI can't be remaining | senqala bolmazsayou can't be remaining | olqala bolmazhe can't be remaining | bizqala bolmazbızwe can't be remaining | sizqala bolmazsızyou all can't be remaining | alaqala bolmazlathey can't be remaining |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqalmay bolmazmaI must be remaining (emphatic) | senqalmay bolmazsayou must be remaining (emphatic) | olqalmay bolmazhe must be remaining (emphatic) | bizqalmay bolmazbızwe must be remaining (emphatic) | sizqalmay bolmazsızyou all must be remaining (emphatic) | alaqalmay bolmazlathey must be remaining (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqala turmasamif I don't keep remaining | senqala turmasaŋif you don't keep remaining | olqala turmasaif he doesn't keep remaining | bizqala turmasaqif we don't keep remaining | sizqala turmasağızif you all don't keep remaining | alaqala turmasalaif they don't keep remaining |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of remaining | senqala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of remaining | olqala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of remaining | bizqala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of remaining | sizqala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of remaining | alaqala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of remaining |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not remaining (emphatic) | senqalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not remaining (emphatic) | olqalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not remaining (emphatic) | bizqalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not remaining (emphatic) | sizqalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not remaining (emphatic) | alaqalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not remaining (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqalmay turamaI keep on not remaining | senqalmay turasayou keep on not remaining | olqalmay turadıhe keeps on not remaining | bizqalmay turabızwe keep on not remaining | sizqalmay turasızyou all keep on not remaining | alaqalmay turadılathey keep on not remaining |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not remaining | senqalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not remaining | olqalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not remaining | bizqalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not remaining | sizqalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not remaining | alaqalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not remaining |
| Progressive — double negation | menqalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not remaining? | senqalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not remaining? | olqalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not remaining? | bizqalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not remaining? | sizqalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not remaining? | alaqalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not remaining? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqalğan bolmazmaI can't have remained | senqalğan bolmazsayou can't have remained | olqalğan bolmazhe can't have remained | bizqalğan bolmazbızwe can't have remained | sizqalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have remained | alaqalğan bolmazlathey can't have remained |
| Inference — double negation | menqalmağan bolmazmaI must have remained (emphatic) | senqalmağan bolmazsayou must have remained (emphatic) | olqalmağan bolmazhe must have remained (emphatic) | bizqalmağan bolmazbızwe must have remained (emphatic) | sizqalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have remained (emphatic) | alaqalmağan bolmazlathey must have remained (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had remained | senqalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had remained | olqalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had remained | bizqalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had remained | sizqalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had remained | alaqalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had remained |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't remained | senqalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't remained | olqalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't remained | bizqalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't remained | sizqalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't remained | alaqalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't remained |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to remain | senqallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to remain | olqallıq bolmazhe can't be going to remain | bizqallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to remain | sizqallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to remain | alaqallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to remain |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to remain (emphatic) | senqalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to remain (emphatic) | olqalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to remain (emphatic) | bizqalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to remain (emphatic) | sizqalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to remain (emphatic) | alaqalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to remain (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to remain | senqallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to remain | olqallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to remain | bizqallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to remain | sizqallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to remain | alaqallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to remain |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to remain | senqalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to remain | olqalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to remain | bizqalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to remain | sizqalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to remain | alaqalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to remain |