qadalırğa
/qadalɯrʁa/
1. cling to, grab hold of, hang on to
- butaqğa qadalıb qaldı — he grabbed hold of the branch
- atnı boynundan qadaldı — he clung to the horse's neck
- sabiyçik anasını etegine qadalıb turadı — the little child is clinging to its mother's skirt
- birewnü çaçına qadalırğa — to grab someone by the hair
2. apply oneself, buckle down, try hard
- işge qadal — buckle down to the work
- oqurğa qadal — buckle down to your studies
- sabiy oqurğa bek qadalğandı — the child has really buckled down to studying
- qadalıb jazadı — he writes diligently
- qatı qadalıb işleydi — he works hard, really applying himself
3. pester, badger, find fault with
- sen anŋa nek qadalğansa? — why have you picked on him?
- sorub qadalıb qaldı anŋa — he pestered him with questions
- kereksiz zatlanı aytıb qadala turma — don't keep pestering with pointless talk
4. set oneself against, contend with, oppose one source
- duşmanlağa qadalırğa — to set oneself against the enemy
- anŋa qadalıb küreşdi — he contended with him
- ekisine qadaldı — he took on both of them
5. take hold, fasten on (of an illness) one source
- awruw qadaldı — the illness took hold
- bezgek qadalğandı — the fever has fastened on him
- awruw anŋa qadalğandı — the illness has fastened on him
Conjugation
Common forms
- qadaladıhe is clinging to
- qadaldıhe clung to
- qadalğandıhe has clung to
- qadalırhe will cling to
- qadallıqdıhe is going to cling to
- qadala edihe was clinging to
- qadalsaif he clings to
- qadal!cling to!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqadalamaI am clinging to | senqadalasayou are clinging to | olqadaladıhe is clinging to | bizqadalabızwe are clinging to | sizqadalasızyou all are clinging to | alaqadaladılathey are clinging to |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqadalmaymaI am not clinging to | senqadalmaysayou are not clinging to | olqadalmaydıhe is not clinging to | bizqadalmaybızwe are not clinging to | sizqadalmaysızyou all are not clinging to | alaqadalmaydılathey are not clinging to |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqadalamamı? qadalamıma?am I clinging to? | senqadalamısa?are you clinging to? | olqadalamıdı?is he clinging to? | bizqadalabızmı? qadalamıbız?are we clinging to? | sizqadalamısız?are you all clinging to? | alaqadalamıdıla?are they clinging to? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqadalmaymamı? qadalmaymıma?aren't I clinging to? | senqadalmaymısa?aren't you clinging to? | olqadalmaymıdı?isn't he clinging to? | bizqadalmaybızmı? qadalmaymıbız?aren't we clinging to? | sizqadalmaymısız?aren't you all clinging to? | alaqadalmaymıdıla?aren't they clinging to? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqadalıwçanmaI usually cling to | senqadalıwçansayou usually cling to | olqadalıwçandıhe usually clings to | bizqadalıwçanbızwe usually cling to | sizqadalıwçansızyou all usually cling to | alaqadalıwçandılathey usually cling to |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqadalmawçanmaI usually don't cling to | senqadalmawçansayou usually don't cling to | olqadalmawçandıhe usually doesn't cling to | bizqadalmawçanbızwe usually don't cling to | sizqadalmawçansızyou all usually don't cling to | alaqadalmawçandılathey usually don't cling to |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqadalıwçanmamı? qadalıwçanmıma?do I usually cling to? | senqadalıwçanmısa?do you usually cling to? | olqadalıwçanmıdı?does he usually cling to? | bizqadalıwçanbızmı? qadalıwçanmıbız?do we usually cling to? | sizqadalıwçanmısız?do you all usually cling to? | alaqadalıwçanmıdıla?do they usually cling to? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqadalmawçanmamı? qadalmawçanmıma?do I usually not cling to? | senqadalmawçanmısa?do you usually not cling to? | olqadalmawçanmıdı?does he usually not cling to? | bizqadalmawçanbızmı? qadalmawçanmıbız?do we usually not cling to? | sizqadalmawçanmısız?do you all usually not cling to? | alaqadalmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not cling to? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqadalıbdıhe has clung to and remains so | alaqadalıbdılathey have clung to and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqadalıbmıdı?has he clung to? | alaqadalıbmıdıla?have they clung to? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqadalıb turamaI keep clinging to | senqadalıb turasayou keep clinging to | olqadalıb turadıhe keeps clinging to | bizqadalıb turabızwe keep clinging to | sizqadalıb turasızyou all keep clinging to | alaqadalıb turadılathey keep clinging to |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqadalıb turmaymaI don't keep clinging to | senqadalıb turmaysayou don't keep clinging to | olqadalıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep clinging to | bizqadalıb turmaybızwe don't keep clinging to | sizqadalıb turmaysızyou all don't keep clinging to | alaqadalıb turmaydılathey don't keep clinging to |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqadalıb turamamı? qadalıb turamıma?do I keep clinging to? | senqadalıb turamısa?do you keep clinging to? | olqadalıb turamıdı?does he keep clinging to? | bizqadalıb turabızmı? qadalıb turamıbız?do we keep clinging to? | sizqadalıb turamısız?do you all keep clinging to? | alaqadalıb turamıdıla?do they keep clinging to? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqadalıb turmaymamı? qadalıb turmaymıma?don't I keep clinging to? | senqadalıb turmaymısa?don't you keep clinging to? | olqadalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep clinging to? | bizqadalıb turmaybızmı? qadalıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep clinging to? | sizqadalıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep clinging to? | alaqadalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep clinging to? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqadala turamaI am in the middle of clinging to | senqadala turasayou are in the middle of clinging to | olqadala turadıhe is in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala turabızwe are in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala turasızyou all are in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala turadılathey are in the middle of clinging to |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqadala turmaymaI am not in the middle of clinging to | senqadala turmaysayou are not in the middle of clinging to | olqadala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of clinging to |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqadala turamamı? qadala turamıma?am I in the middle of clinging to? | senqadala turamısa?are you in the middle of clinging to? | olqadala turamıdı?is he in the middle of clinging to? | bizqadala turabızmı? qadala turamıbız?are we in the middle of clinging to? | sizqadala turamısız?are you all in the middle of clinging to? | alaqadala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of clinging to? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqadala turmaymamı? qadala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of clinging to? | senqadala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of clinging to? | olqadala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of clinging to? | bizqadala turmaybızmı? qadala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of clinging to? | sizqadala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of clinging to? | alaqadala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of clinging to? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqadaldımI clung to | senqadaldıŋyou clung to | olqadaldıhe clung to | bizqadaldıqwe clung to | sizqadaldığızyou all clung to | alaqadaldılathey clung to |
| Simple past (definite) | menqadalmadımI didn't cling to | senqadalmadıŋyou didn't cling to | olqadalmadıhe didn't cling to | bizqadalmadıqwe didn't cling to | sizqadalmadığızyou all didn't cling to | alaqadalmadılathey didn't cling to |
| Simple past (definite) | menqadaldımmı?did I cling to? | senqadaldıŋmı?did you cling to? | olqadaldımı?did he cling to? | bizqadaldıqmı?did we cling to? | sizqadaldığızmı?did you all cling to? | alaqadaldılamı?did they cling to? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqadalmadımmı?didn't I cling to? | senqadalmadıŋmı?didn't you cling to? | olqadalmadımı?didn't he cling to? | bizqadalmadıqmı?didn't we cling to? | sizqadalmadığızmı?didn't you all cling to? | alaqadalmadılamı?didn't they cling to? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqadalğanmaI have clung to | senqadalğansayou have clung to | olqadalğandıhe has clung to | bizqadalğanbızwe have clung to | sizqadalğansızyou all have clung to | alaqadalğandılathey have clung to |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqadalmağanmaI haven't clung to | senqadalmağansayou haven't clung to | olqadalmağandıhe hasn't clung to | bizqadalmağanbızwe haven't clung to | sizqadalmağansızyou all haven't clung to | alaqadalmağandılathey haven't clung to |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqadalğanmamı? qadalğanmıma?have I clung to? | senqadalğanmısa?have you clung to? | olqadalğanmıdı?has he clung to? | bizqadalğanbızmı? qadalğanmıbız?have we clung to? | sizqadalğanmısız?have you all clung to? | alaqadalğanmıdıla?have they clung to? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqadalmağanmamı? qadalmağanmıma?haven't I clung to? | senqadalmağanmısa?haven't you clung to? | olqadalmağanmıdı?hasn't he clung to? | bizqadalmağanbızmı? qadalmağanmıbız?haven't we clung to? | sizqadalmağanmısız?haven't you all clung to? | alaqadalmağanmıdıla?haven't they clung to? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqadalıb turdumI kept clinging to | senqadalıb turduŋyou kept clinging to | olqadalıb turduhe kept clinging to | bizqadalıb turduqwe kept clinging to | sizqadalıb turduğuzyou all kept clinging to | alaqadalıb turdulathey kept clinging to |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqadalıb turmadımI didn't keep clinging to | senqadalıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep clinging to | olqadalıb turmadıhe didn't keep clinging to | bizqadalıb turmadıqwe didn't keep clinging to | sizqadalıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep clinging to | alaqadalıb turmadılathey didn't keep clinging to |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqadalırmaI will cling to | senqadalırsayou will cling to | olqadalırhe will cling to | bizqadalırbızwe will cling to | sizqadalırsızyou all will cling to | alaqadalırlathey will cling to |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqadalmazmaI won't cling to | senqadalmazsayou won't cling to | olqadalmazhe won't cling to | bizqadalmazbızwe won't cling to | sizqadalmazsızyou all won't cling to | alaqadalmazlathey won't cling to |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqadalırmamı? qadalırmıma?will I cling to? | senqadalırmısa?will you cling to? | olqadalırmı?will he cling to? | bizqadalırbızmı? qadalırmıbız?will we cling to? | sizqadalırmısız?will you all cling to? | alaqadalırlamı? qadalırmıla?will they cling to? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqadalmazmamı? qadalmazmıma?won't I cling to? | senqadalmazmısa?won't you cling to? | olqadalmazmı?won't he cling to? | bizqadalmazbızmı? qadalmazmıbız?won't we cling to? | sizqadalmazmısız?won't you all cling to? | alaqadalmazlamı? qadalmazmıla?won't they cling to? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqadallıqmaI am going to cling to | senqadallıqsayou are going to cling to | olqadallıqdıhe is going to cling to | bizqadallıqbızwe are going to cling to | sizqadallıqsızyou all are going to cling to | alaqadallıqdılathey are going to cling to |
| Definite future (future II) | menqadallıq tülmeI am not going to cling to | senqadallıq tülseyou are not going to cling to | olqadallıq tüldühe is not going to cling to | bizqadallıq tülbüzwe are not going to cling to | sizqadallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to cling to | alaqadallıq tüldülethey are not going to cling to |
| Definite future (future II) | menqadallıqmamı? qadallıqmıma?am I going to cling to? | senqadallıqmısa?are you going to cling to? | olqadallıqmıdı?is he going to cling to? | bizqadallıqbızmı? qadallıqmıbız?are we going to cling to? | sizqadallıqmısız?are you all going to cling to? | alaqadallıqmıdıla?are they going to cling to? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqadallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to cling to? | senqadallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to cling to? | olqadallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to cling to? | bizqadallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to cling to? | sizqadallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to cling to? | alaqadallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to cling to? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqadalğan edimqadalğanemI had clung to | senqadalğan ediŋqadalğaneŋyou had clung to | olqadalğan ediqadalğanedhe had clung to | bizqadalğan edikqadalğanekwe had clung to | sizqadalğan edigizqadalğanegizyou all had clung to | alaqadalğan edileqadalğanellethey had clung to |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqadalmağan edimqadalmağanemI hadn't clung to | senqadalmağan ediŋqadalmağaneŋyou hadn't clung to | olqadalmağan ediqadalmağanedhe hadn't clung to | bizqadalmağan edikqadalmağanekwe hadn't clung to | sizqadalmağan edigizqadalmağanegizyou all hadn't clung to | alaqadalmağan edileqadalmağanellethey hadn't clung to |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqadala edimqadalaemI was clinging to | senqadala ediŋqadalaeŋyou were clinging to | olqadala ediqadalaedhe was clinging to | bizqadala edikqadalaekwe were clinging to | sizqadala edigizqadalaegizyou all were clinging to | alaqadala edileqadalaellethey were clinging to |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqadalmay edimqadalmayemI wasn't clinging to | senqadalmay ediŋqadalmayeŋyou weren't clinging to | olqadalmay ediqadalmayedhe wasn't clinging to | bizqadalmay edikqadalmayekwe weren't clinging to | sizqadalmay edigizqadalmayegizyou all weren't clinging to | alaqadalmay edileqadalmayellethey weren't clinging to |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqadalıwçan edimqadalıwçanemI used to cling to | senqadalıwçan ediŋqadalıwçaneŋyou used to cling to | olqadalıwçan ediqadalıwçanedhe used to cling to | bizqadalıwçan edikqadalıwçanekwe used to cling to | sizqadalıwçan edigizqadalıwçanegizyou all used to cling to | alaqadalıwçan edileqadalıwçanellethey used to cling to |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqadalmawçan edimqadalmawçanemI didn't use to cling to | senqadalmawçan ediŋqadalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to cling to | olqadalmawçan ediqadalmawçanedhe didn't use to cling to | bizqadalmawçan edikqadalmawçanekwe didn't use to cling to | sizqadalmawçan edigizqadalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to cling to | alaqadalmawçan edileqadalmawçanellethey didn't use to cling to |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqadalıb edihe had clung to and remained so | alaqadalıb edilethey had clung to and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqadalıb tül edihe hadn't clung to | alaqadalıb tül edilethey hadn't clung to | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqadalıb tura edimqadalıb turaemI had kept clinging to | senqadalıb tura ediŋqadalıb turaeŋyou had kept clinging to | olqadalıb tura ediqadalıb turaedhe had kept clinging to | bizqadalıb tura edikqadalıb turaekwe had kept clinging to | sizqadalıb tura edigizqadalıb turaegizyou all had kept clinging to | alaqadalıb tura edileqadalıb turaellethey had kept clinging to |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqadalıb turmay edimqadalıb turmayemI hadn't kept clinging to | senqadalıb turmay ediŋqadalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept clinging to | olqadalıb turmay ediqadalıb turmayedhe hadn't kept clinging to | bizqadalıb turmay edikqadalıb turmayekwe hadn't kept clinging to | sizqadalıb turmay edigizqadalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept clinging to | alaqadalıb turmay edileqadalıb turmayellethey hadn't kept clinging to |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqadala tura edimqadala turaemI was in the middle of clinging to | senqadala tura ediŋqadala turaeŋyou were in the middle of clinging to | olqadala tura ediqadala turaedhe was in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala tura edikqadala turaekwe were in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala tura edigizqadala turaegizyou all were in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala tura edileqadala turaellethey were in the middle of clinging to |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqadala turmay edimqadala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of clinging to | senqadala turmay ediŋqadala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of clinging to | olqadala turmay ediqadala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala turmay edikqadala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala turmay edigizqadala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala turmay edileqadala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of clinging to |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqadalır edimqadalır emI would cling to | senqadalır ediŋqadalır eŋyou would cling to | olqadalır ediqadalır edhe would cling to | bizqadalır edikqadalır ekwe would cling to | sizqadalır edigizqadalır egizyou all would cling to | alaqadalır edileqadalır ellethey would cling to |
| Conditional result (would) | menqadalmaz edimqadalmaz emI wouldn't cling to | senqadalmaz ediŋqadalmaz eŋyou wouldn't cling to | olqadalmaz ediqadalmaz edhe wouldn't cling to | bizqadalmaz edikqadalmaz ekwe wouldn't cling to | sizqadalmaz edigizqadalmaz egizyou all wouldn't cling to | alaqadalmaz edileqadalmaz ellethey wouldn't cling to |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqadallıq edimqadallıq emI would have clung to | senqadallıq ediŋqadallıq eŋyou would have clung to | olqadallıq ediqadallıq edhe would have clung to | bizqadallıq edikqadallıq ekwe would have clung to | sizqadallıq edigizqadallıq egizyou all would have clung to | alaqadallıq edileqadallıq ellethey would have clung to |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqadallıq tül edimqadallıq tül emI wouldn't have clung to | senqadallıq tül ediŋqadallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have clung to | olqadallıq tül ediqadallıq tül edhe wouldn't have clung to | bizqadallıq tül edikqadallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have clung to | sizqadallıq tül edigizqadallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have clung to | alaqadallıq tül edileqadallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have clung to |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqadalsamif I cling to | senqadalsaŋif you cling to | olqadalsaif he clings to | bizqadalsaqif we cling to | sizqadalsağızif you all cling to | alaqadalsalaif they cling to |
| Conditional | menqadalmasamif I don't cling to | senqadalmasaŋif you don't cling to | olqadalmasaif he doesn't cling to | bizqadalmasaqif we don't cling to | sizqadalmasağızif you all don't cling to | alaqadalmasalaif they don't cling to |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqadala esemif I am clinging to | senqadala eseŋif you are clinging to | olqadala eseif he is clinging to | bizqadala esekif we are clinging to | sizqadala esegizif you all are clinging to | alaqadala eseleif they are clinging to |
| Conditional, present real | menqadalmay esemif I am not clinging to | senqadalmay eseŋif you are not clinging to | olqadalmay eseif he is not clinging to | bizqadalmay esekif we are not clinging to | sizqadalmay esegizif you all are not clinging to | alaqadalmay eseleif they are not clinging to |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqadalsam ediqadalsam edif only I clung to | senqadalsaŋ ediqadalsaŋ edif only you clung to | olqadalsa ediqadalsaedif only he clung to | bizqadalsaq ediqadalsaq edif only we clung to | sizqadalsağız ediqadalsağız edif only you all clung to | alaqadalsala ediqadalsalaedif only they clung to |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqadalmasam ediqadalmasam edif only I didn't cling to | senqadalmasaŋ ediqadalmasaŋ edif only you didn't cling to | olqadalmasa ediqadalmasaedif only he didn't cling to | bizqadalmasaq ediqadalmasaq edif only we didn't cling to | sizqadalmasağız ediqadalmasağız edif only you all didn't cling to | alaqadalmasala ediqadalmasalaedif only they didn't cling to |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqadalıb tursamif I carry on clinging to | senqadalıb tursaŋif you carry on clinging to | olqadalıb tursaif he carries on clinging to | bizqadalıb tursaqif we carry on clinging to | sizqadalıb tursağızif you all carry on clinging to | alaqadalıb tursalaif they carry on clinging to |
| Durative conditional | menqadalıb turmasamif I don't carry on clinging to | senqadalıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on clinging to | olqadalıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on clinging to | bizqadalıb turmasaqif we don't carry on clinging to | sizqadalıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on clinging to | alaqadalıb turmasalaif they don't carry on clinging to |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqadalıb tura esemif I have kept clinging to | senqadalıb tura eseŋif you have kept clinging to | olqadalıb tura eseif he has kept clinging to | bizqadalıb tura esekif we have kept clinging to | sizqadalıb tura esegizif you all have kept clinging to | alaqadalıb tura eseleif they have kept clinging to |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqadalıb turmay esemif I haven't kept clinging to | senqadalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept clinging to | olqadalıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept clinging to | bizqadalıb turmay esekif we haven't kept clinging to | sizqadalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept clinging to | alaqadalıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept clinging to |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqadala tursamif I keep clinging to | senqadala tursaŋif you keep clinging to | olqadala tursaif he keeps clinging to | bizqadala tursaqif we keep clinging to | sizqadala tursağızif you all keep clinging to | alaqadala tursalaif they keep clinging to |
| Progressive conditional | menqadalmay tursamif I keep on not clinging to | senqadalmay tursaŋif you keep on not clinging to | olqadalmay tursaif he keeps on not clinging to | bizqadalmay tursaqif we keep on not clinging to | sizqadalmay tursağızif you all keep on not clinging to | alaqadalmay tursalaif they keep on not clinging to |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqadala tura esemif I am in the middle of clinging to | senqadala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of clinging to | olqadala tura eseif he is in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala tura esekif we are in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala tura eseleif they are in the middle of clinging to |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqadalmay tura esemif I keep on not clinging to | senqadalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not clinging to | olqadalmay tura eseif he keeps on not clinging to | bizqadalmay tura esekif we keep on not clinging to | sizqadalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not clinging to | alaqadalmay tura eseleif they keep on not clinging to |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqadaldım esemif I clung to | senqadaldıŋ eseŋif you clung to | olqadaldı eseif he clung to | bizqadaldıq esekif we clung to | sizqadaldığız esegizif you all clung to | alaqadaldıla eseleif they clung to |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqadalmadım esemif I didn't cling to | senqadalmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't cling to | olqadalmadı eseif he didn't cling to | bizqadalmadıq esekif we didn't cling to | sizqadalmadığız esegizif you all didn't cling to | alaqadalmadıla eseleif they didn't cling to |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqadalğan esemif I did cling to (indeed) | senqadalğan eseŋif you did cling to (indeed) | olqadalğan eseif he did cling to (indeed) | bizqadalğan esekif we did cling to (indeed) | sizqadalğan esegizif you all did cling to (indeed) | alaqadalğan eseleif they did cling to (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqadalmağan esemif I didn't cling to (indeed) | senqadalmağan eseŋif you didn't cling to (indeed) | olqadalmağan eseif he didn't cling to (indeed) | bizqadalmağan esekif we didn't cling to (indeed) | sizqadalmağan esegizif you all didn't cling to (indeed) | alaqadalmağan eseleif they didn't cling to (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqadalğan bolsamif I had clung to | senqadalğan bolsaŋif you had clung to | olqadalğan bolsaif he had clung to | bizqadalğan bolsaqif we had clung to | sizqadalğan bolsağızif you all had clung to | alaqadalğan bolsalaif they had clung to |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqadalmağan bolsamif I hadn't clung to | senqadalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't clung to | olqadalmağan bolsaif he hadn't clung to | bizqadalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't clung to | sizqadalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't clung to | alaqadalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't clung to |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqadalğan bolsam ediqadalğan bolsam edif only I had clung to | senqadalğan bolsaŋ ediqadalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had clung to | olqadalğan bolsa ediqadalğan bolsaedif only he had clung to | bizqadalğan bolsaq ediqadalğan bolsaq edif only we had clung to | sizqadalğan bolsağız ediqadalğan bolsağız edif only you all had clung to | alaqadalğan bolsala ediqadalğan bolsalaedif only they had clung to |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqadalmağan bolsam ediqadalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't clung to | senqadalmağan bolsaŋ ediqadalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't clung to | olqadalmağan bolsa ediqadalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't clung to | bizqadalmağan bolsaq ediqadalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't clung to | sizqadalmağan bolsağız ediqadalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't clung to | alaqadalmağan bolsala ediqadalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't clung to |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqadalır esemif I will cling to | senqadalır eseŋif you will cling to | olqadalır eseif he will cling to | bizqadalır esekif we will cling to | sizqadalır esegizif you all will cling to | alaqadalır eseleif they will cling to |
| Conditional, aorist | menqadalmaz esemif I won't cling to | senqadalmaz eseŋif you won't cling to | olqadalmaz eseif he won't cling to | bizqadalmaz esekif we won't cling to | sizqadalmaz esegizif you all won't cling to | alaqadalmaz eseleif they won't cling to |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqadallıq esemif I am going to cling to | senqadallıq eseŋif you are going to cling to | olqadallıq eseif he is going to cling to | bizqadallıq esekif we are going to cling to | sizqadallıq esegizif you all are going to cling to | alaqadallıq eseleif they are going to cling to |
| Conditional, future | menqadallıq tül esemif I am not going to cling to | senqadallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to cling to | olqadallıq tül eseif he is not going to cling to | bizqadallıq tül esekif we are not going to cling to | sizqadallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to cling to | alaqadallıq tül eseleif they are not going to cling to |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqadallıq bolsamif I were going to cling to | senqadallıq bolsaŋif you were going to cling to | olqadallıq bolsaif he were going to cling to | bizqadallıq bolsaqif we were going to cling to | sizqadallıq bolsağızif you all were going to cling to | alaqadallıq bolsalaif they were going to cling to |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqadalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to cling to | senqadalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to cling to | olqadalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to cling to | bizqadalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to cling to | sizqadalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to cling to | alaqadalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to cling to |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qadaldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqadala bolurmaI must be clinging to | senqadala bolursayou must be clinging to | olqadala bolurhe must be clinging to | bizqadala bolurbuzwe must be clinging to | sizqadala bolursuzyou all must be clinging to | alaqadala bolurlathey must be clinging to |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqadalmay bolurmaI must not be clinging to | senqadalmay bolursayou must not be clinging to | olqadalmay bolurhe must not be clinging to | bizqadalmay bolurbuzwe must not be clinging to | sizqadalmay bolursuzyou all must not be clinging to | alaqadalmay bolurlathey must not be clinging to |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqadala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of clinging to | senqadala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of clinging to | olqadala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of clinging to |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqadalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not clinging to | senqadalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not clinging to | olqadalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not clinging to | bizqadalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not clinging to | sizqadalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not clinging to | alaqadalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not clinging to |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqadalğan bolurmaI must have clung to | senqadalğan bolursayou must have clung to | olqadalğan bolurhe must have clung to | bizqadalğan bolurbuzwe must have clung to | sizqadalğan bolursuzyou all must have clung to | alaqadalğan bolurlathey must have clung to |
| Inference (must have) | menqadalmağan bolurmaI must not have clung to | senqadalmağan bolursayou must not have clung to | olqadalmağan bolurhe must not have clung to | bizqadalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have clung to | sizqadalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have clung to | alaqadalmağan bolurlathey must not have clung to |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqadallıq bolurmaI must be going to cling to | senqadallıq bolursayou must be going to cling to | olqadallıq bolurhe must be going to cling to | bizqadallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to cling to | sizqadallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to cling to | alaqadallıq bolurlathey must be going to cling to |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqadalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to cling to | senqadalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to cling to | olqadalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to cling to | bizqadalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to cling to | sizqadalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to cling to | alaqadalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to cling to |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqadalayımlet me cling to | senqadal!cling to! | olqadalsınlet him cling to | bizqadalayıqlet's cling to | sizqadalığız!cling to, you all! | alaqadalsınlalet them cling to |
| Commands & suggestions | menqadalmayımlet me not cling to | senqadalma!don't cling to! | olqadalmasınlet him not cling to | bizqadalmayıqlet's not cling to | sizqadalmağız!don't cling to, you all! | alaqadalmasınlalet them not cling to |
| Commands & suggestions | menqadalayımmı?shall I cling to? | olqadalsınmı?should he cling to? | bizqadalayıqmı?shall we cling to? | alaqadalsınlamı?should they cling to? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqadalmayımmı?shall I not cling to? | olqadalmasınmı?should he not cling to? | bizqadalmayıqmı?shall we not cling to? | alaqadalmasınlamı?should they not cling to? | ||
| Requests | senqadalçı2qadalçınplease cling to | olqadalsınçıdo let him cling to | sizqadalçığızplease cling to (plural/polite) | alaqadalsınlaçıdo let them cling to | ||
| Requests | senqadalmaçı2qadalmaçınplease don't cling to | olqadalmasınçıdo let him not cling to | sizqadalmaçığızplease don't cling to (plural/polite) | alaqadalmasınlaçıdo let them not cling to | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqadalğınqadalğımay you cling to | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqadalmağınqadalmağımay you not cling to | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqadalğay edim qadalğa edimwould that I clung to | senqadalğay ediŋ qadalğa ediŋwould that you clung to | olqadalğay edi qadalğa ediwould that he clung to | bizqadalğay edik qadalğa edikwould that we clung to | sizqadalğay edigiz qadalğa edigizwould that you all clung to | alaqadalğay edile qadalğa edilewould that they clung to |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqadalmağay edim qadalmağa edimwould that I did not cling to | senqadalmağay ediŋ qadalmağa ediŋwould that you did not cling to | olqadalmağay edi qadalmağa ediwould that he did not cling to | bizqadalmağay edik qadalmağa edikwould that we did not cling to | sizqadalmağay edigiz qadalmağa edigizwould that you all did not cling to | alaqadalmağay edile qadalmağa edilewould that they did not cling to |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqadalmağa qoyayımqadalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoy!qadalma qoy!let someone cling to! | olqadalmağa qoysunqadalma qoysunlet him allow someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoyayıqqadalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoyuğuz!qadalma qoyuğuz!let someone cling to, you all! | alaqadalmağa qoysunlaqadalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqadalmağa qoymayımqadalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoyma!qadalma qoyma!don't let someone cling to! | olqadalmağa qoymasınqadalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoymayıqqadalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoymağız!qadalma qoymağız!don't let someone cling to, you all! | alaqadalmağa qoymasınlaqadalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqadalmağa qoyayımmı?qadalma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoysunmu?qadalma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoyayıqmı?qadalma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoysunlamı?qadalma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to cling to? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqadalmağa qoymayımmı?qadalma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoymasınmı?qadalma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoymayıqmı?qadalma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoymasınlamı?qadalma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to cling to? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqadalmağa qoyamaqadalma qoyamaI allow someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoyasaqadalma qoyasayou allow someone to cling to | olqadalmağa qoyadıqadalma qoyadıhe allows someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoyabızqadalma qoyabızwe allow someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoyasızqadalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to cling to | alaqadalmağa qoyadılaqadalma qoyadılathey allow someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (present) | menqadalmağa qoymaymaqadalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoymaysaqadalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to cling to | olqadalmağa qoymaydıqadalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoymaybızqadalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoymaysızqadalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to cling to | alaqadalmağa qoymaydılaqadalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (present) | menqadalmağa qoyamamı?qadalma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to cling to? | senqadalmağa qoyamısa?qadalma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoyamıdı?qadalma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoyabızmı?qadalma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to cling to? | sizqadalmağa qoyamısız?qadalma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoyamıdıla?qadalma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to cling to? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqadalmağa qoymaymamı?qadalma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to cling to? | senqadalmağa qoymaymısa?qadalma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoymaymıdı?qadalma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoymaybızmı?qadalma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to cling to? | sizqadalmağa qoymaymısız?qadalma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoymaymıdıla?qadalma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to cling to? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqadalmağa qoydumqadalma qoydumI allowed someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoyduŋqadalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to cling to | olqadalmağa qoyduqadalma qoyduhe allowed someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoyduqqadalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoyduğuzqadalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to cling to | alaqadalmağa qoydulaqadalma qoydulathey allowed someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (past) | menqadalmağa qoymadımqadalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to cling to | senqadalmağa qoymadıŋqadalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to cling to | olqadalmağa qoymadıqadalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to cling to | bizqadalmağa qoymadıqqadalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to cling to | sizqadalmağa qoymadığızqadalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to cling to | alaqadalmağa qoymadılaqadalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to cling to |
| Let someone… (past) | menqadalmağa qoydummu?qadalma qoydummu?did I allow someone to cling to? | senqadalmağa qoyduŋmu?qadalma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoydumu?qadalma qoydumu?did he allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoyduqmu?qadalma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to cling to? | sizqadalmağa qoyduğuzmu?qadalma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoydulamı?qadalma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to cling to? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqadalmağa qoymadımmı?qadalma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to cling to? | senqadalmağa qoymadıŋmı?qadalma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to cling to? | olqadalmağa qoymadımı?qadalma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to cling to? | bizqadalmağa qoymadıqmı?qadalma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to cling to? | sizqadalmağa qoymadığızmı?qadalma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to cling to? | alaqadalmağa qoymadılamı?qadalma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to cling to? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qadalalırğa be able to cling to · qadalalmazğa be unable to cling to
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqadalalamaI can cling to | senqadalalasayou can cling to | olqadalaladıhe can cling to | bizqadalalabızwe can cling to | sizqadalalasızyou all can cling to | alaqadalaladılathey can cling to |
| Ability — present | menqadalalmaymaI can't cling to | senqadalalmaysayou can't cling to | olqadalalmaydıhe can't cling to | bizqadalalmaybızwe can't cling to | sizqadalalmaysızyou all can't cling to | alaqadalalmaydılathey can't cling to |
| Ability — present | menqadalalamamı? qadalalamıma?can I cling to? | senqadalalamısa?can you cling to? | olqadalalamıdı?can he cling to? | bizqadalalabızmı? qadalalamıbız?can we cling to? | sizqadalalamısız?can you all cling to? | alaqadalalamıdıla?can they cling to? |
| Ability — present | menqadalalmaymamı? qadalalmaymıma?can't I cling to? | senqadalalmaymısa?can't you cling to? | olqadalalmaymıdı?can't he cling to? | bizqadalalmaybızmı? qadalalmaymıbız?can't we cling to? | sizqadalalmaymısız?can't you all cling to? | alaqadalalmaymıdıla?can't they cling to? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqadalalsamif I can cling to | senqadalalsaŋif you can cling to | olqadalalsaif he can cling to | bizqadalalsaqif we can cling to | sizqadalalsağızif you all can cling to | alaqadalalsalaif they can cling to |
| Ability — if I can… | menqadalalmasamif I can't cling to | senqadalalmasaŋif you can't cling to | olqadalalmasaif he can't cling to | bizqadalalmasaqif we can't cling to | sizqadalalmasağızif you all can't cling to | alaqadalalmasalaif they can't cling to |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqadalaldımI was able to cling to | senqadalaldıŋyou were able to cling to | olqadalaldıhe was able to cling to | bizqadalaldıqwe were able to cling to | sizqadalaldığızyou all were able to cling to | alaqadalaldılathey were able to cling to |
| Ability — simple past | menqadalalmadımI could not cling to | senqadalalmadıŋyou could not cling to | olqadalalmadıhe could not cling to | bizqadalalmadıqwe could not cling to | sizqadalalmadığızyou all could not cling to | alaqadalalmadılathey could not cling to |
| Ability — simple past | menqadalaldımmı?was I able to cling to? | senqadalaldıŋmı?were you able to cling to? | olqadalaldımı?was he able to cling to? | bizqadalaldıqmı?were we able to cling to? | sizqadalaldığızmı?were you all able to cling to? | alaqadalaldılamı?were they able to cling to? |
| Ability — simple past | menqadalalmadımmı?couldn't I cling to? | senqadalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you cling to? | olqadalalmadımı?couldn't he cling to? | bizqadalalmadıqmı?couldn't we cling to? | sizqadalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all cling to? | alaqadalalmadılamı?couldn't they cling to? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqadalalğanmaI have been able to cling to | senqadalalğansayou have been able to cling to | olqadalalğandıhe has been able to cling to | bizqadalalğanbızwe have been able to cling to | sizqadalalğansızyou all have been able to cling to | alaqadalalğandılathey have been able to cling to |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqadalalmağanmaI haven't been able to cling to | senqadalalmağansayou haven't been able to cling to | olqadalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to cling to | bizqadalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to cling to | sizqadalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to cling to | alaqadalalmağandılathey haven't been able to cling to |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqadalalğanmamı? qadalalğanmıma?have I been able to cling to? | senqadalalğanmısa?have you been able to cling to? | olqadalalğanmıdı?has he been able to cling to? | bizqadalalğanbızmı? qadalalğanmıbız?have we been able to cling to? | sizqadalalğanmısız?have you all been able to cling to? | alaqadalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to cling to? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqadalalmağanmamı? qadalalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to cling to? | senqadalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to cling to? | olqadalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to cling to? | bizqadalalmağanbızmı? qadalalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to cling to? | sizqadalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to cling to? | alaqadalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to cling to? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqadalalğan edimqadalalğanemI had been able to cling to | senqadalalğan ediŋqadalalğaneŋyou had been able to cling to | olqadalalğan ediqadalalğanedhe had been able to cling to | bizqadalalğan edikqadalalğanekwe had been able to cling to | sizqadalalğan edigizqadalalğanegizyou all had been able to cling to | alaqadalalğan edileqadalalğanellethey had been able to cling to |
| Ability — past perfect | menqadalalmağan edimqadalalmağanemI hadn't been able to cling to | senqadalalmağan ediŋqadalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to cling to | olqadalalmağan ediqadalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to cling to | bizqadalalmağan edikqadalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to cling to | sizqadalalmağan edigizqadalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to cling to | alaqadalalmağan edileqadalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to cling to |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqadalala edimqadalalaemI could cling to | senqadalala ediŋqadalalaeŋyou could cling to | olqadalala ediqadalalaedhe could cling to | bizqadalala edikqadalalaekwe could cling to | sizqadalala edigizqadalalaegizyou all could cling to | alaqadalala edileqadalalaellethey could cling to |
| Ability — past background | menqadalalmay edimqadalalmayemI could not cling to | senqadalalmay ediŋqadalalmayeŋyou could not cling to | olqadalalmay ediqadalalmayedhe could not cling to | bizqadalalmay edikqadalalmayekwe could not cling to | sizqadalalmay edigizqadalalmayegizyou all could not cling to | alaqadalalmay edileqadalalmayellethey could not cling to |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqadalalırmaI will be able to cling to | senqadalalırsayou will be able to cling to | olqadalalırhe will be able to cling to | bizqadalalırbızwe will be able to cling to | sizqadalalırsızyou all will be able to cling to | alaqadalalırlathey will be able to cling to |
| Ability — future I | menqadalalmazmaI won't be able to cling to | senqadalalmazsayou won't be able to cling to | olqadalalmazhe won't be able to cling to | bizqadalalmazbızwe won't be able to cling to | sizqadalalmazsızyou all won't be able to cling to | alaqadalalmazlathey won't be able to cling to |
| Ability — future I | menqadalalırmamı? qadalalırmıma?will I be able to cling to? | senqadalalırmısa?will you be able to cling to? | olqadalalırmı?will he be able to cling to? | bizqadalalırbızmı? qadalalırmıbız?will we be able to cling to? | sizqadalalırmısız?will you all be able to cling to? | alaqadalalırlamı? qadalalırmıla?will they be able to cling to? |
| Ability — future I | menqadalalmazmamı? qadalalmazmıma?won't I be able to cling to? | senqadalalmazmısa?won't you be able to cling to? | olqadalalmazmı?won't he be able to cling to? | bizqadalalmazbızmı? qadalalmazmıbız?won't we be able to cling to? | sizqadalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to cling to? | alaqadalalmazlamı? qadalalmazmıla?won't they be able to cling to? |
| Ability — future II | menqadalallıqmaI am going to be able to cling to | senqadalallıqsayou are going to be able to cling to | olqadalallıqdıhe is going to be able to cling to | bizqadalallıqbızwe are going to be able to cling to | sizqadalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to cling to | alaqadalallıqdılathey are going to be able to cling to |
| Ability — future II | menqadalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to cling to | senqadalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to cling to | olqadalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to cling to | bizqadalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to cling to | sizqadalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to cling to | alaqadalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to cling to |
| Ability — future II | menqadalallıqmamı? qadalallıqmıma?am I going to be able to cling to? | senqadalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to cling to? | olqadalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to cling to? | bizqadalallıqbızmı? qadalallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to cling to? | sizqadalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to cling to? | alaqadalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to cling to? |
| Ability — future II | menqadalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to cling to? | senqadalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to cling to? | olqadalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to cling to? | bizqadalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to cling to? | sizqadalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to cling to? | alaqadalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to cling to? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqadalalır edimqadalalır emI would be able to cling to | senqadalalır ediŋqadalalır eŋyou would be able to cling to | olqadalalır ediqadalalır edhe would be able to cling to | bizqadalalır edikqadalalır ekwe would be able to cling to | sizqadalalır edigizqadalalır egizyou all would be able to cling to | alaqadalalır edileqadalalır ellethey would be able to cling to |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqadalalmaz edimqadalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to cling to | senqadalalmaz ediŋqadalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to cling to | olqadalalmaz ediqadalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to cling to | bizqadalalmaz edikqadalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to cling to | sizqadalalmaz edigizqadalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to cling to | alaqadalalmaz edileqadalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to cling to |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqadalalğınqadalalğımay you be able to cling to | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqadalalmağınqadalalmağımay you not be able to cling to | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqadalırğa izleymeI want to cling to | senqadalırğa izleyseyou want to cling to | olqadalırğa izleydihe wants to cling to | bizqadalırğa izleybizwe want to cling to | sizqadalırğa izleysizyou all want to cling to | alaqadalırğa izleydilethey want to cling to |
| want to | menqadalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to cling to | senqadalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to cling to | olqadalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to cling to | bizqadalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to cling to | sizqadalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to cling to | alaqadalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to cling to |
| would like to | menqadalırğa süemeI would like to cling to | senqadalırğa süeseyou would like to cling to | olqadalırğa süedihe would like to cling to | bizqadalırğa süebizwe would like to cling to | sizqadalırğa süesizyou all would like to cling to | alaqadalırğa süedilethey would like to cling to |
| would like to | menqadalırğa süymeymeI would not like to cling to | senqadalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to cling to | olqadalırğa süymeydihe would not like to cling to | bizqadalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to cling to | sizqadalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to cling to | alaqadalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to cling to |
| hope to | menqadalırğa umutlanamaI hope to cling to | senqadalırğa umutlanasayou hope to cling to | olqadalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to cling to | bizqadalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to cling to | sizqadalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to cling to | alaqadalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to cling to |
| hope to | menqadalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to cling to | senqadalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to cling to | olqadalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to cling to | bizqadalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to cling to | sizqadalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to cling to | alaqadalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to cling to |
| be about to | menqadalırğa deb turamaI am about to cling to | senqadalırğa deb turasayou are about to cling to | olqadalırğa deb turadıhe is about to cling to | bizqadalırğa deb turabızwe are about to cling to | sizqadalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to cling to | alaqadalırğa deb turadılathey are about to cling to |
| be about to | menqadalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to cling to | senqadalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to cling to | olqadalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to cling to | bizqadalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to cling to | sizqadalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to cling to | alaqadalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to cling to |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqadalırğa kerekmeI need to cling to | senqadalırğa kerekseyou need to cling to | olqadalırğa kerekdihe needs to cling to | bizqadalırğa kerekbizwe need to cling to | sizqadalırğa kereksizyou all need to cling to | alaqadalırğa kerekdilethey need to cling to |
| need to | menqadalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to cling to | senqadalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to cling to | olqadalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to cling to | bizqadalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to cling to | sizqadalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to cling to | alaqadalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to cling to |
| have to | menmenŋe qadalırğa tüşediI have to cling to | sensenŋe qadalırğa tüşediyou have to cling to | olaŋa qadalırğa tüşedihe has to cling to | bizbizge qadalırğa tüşediwe have to cling to | sizsizge qadalırğa tüşediyou all have to cling to | alaalağa qadalırğa tüşedithey have to cling to |
| have to | menmenŋe qadalırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to cling to | sensenŋe qadalırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to cling to | olaŋa qadalırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to cling to | bizbizge qadalırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to cling to | sizsizge qadalırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to cling to | alaalağa qadalırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to cling to |
| be obliged to | menqadalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to cling to | senqadalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to cling to | olqadalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to cling to | bizqadalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to cling to | sizqadalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to cling to | alaqadalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to cling to |
| be obliged to | menqadalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to cling to | senqadalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to cling to | olqadalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to cling to | bizqadalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to cling to | sizqadalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to cling to | alaqadalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to cling to |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqadalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to cling to | senqadalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to cling to | olqadalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to cling to | bizqadalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to cling to | sizqadalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to cling to | alaqadalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to cling to |
| have a way to | menqadalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to cling to | senqadalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to cling to | olqadalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to cling to | bizqadalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to cling to | sizqadalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to cling to | alaqadalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to cling to |
| be free to | menqadalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to cling to | senqadalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to cling to | olqadalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to cling to | bizqadalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to cling to | sizqadalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to cling to | alaqadalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to cling to |
| be free to | menqadalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to cling to | senqadalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to cling to | olqadalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to cling to | bizqadalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to cling to | sizqadalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to cling to | alaqadalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to cling to |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to cling to | sensenŋe qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to cling to | olaŋa qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to cling to | bizbizge qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to cling to | sizsizge qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to cling to | alaalağa qadalırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to cling to |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to cling to | sensenŋe qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to cling to | olaŋa qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to cling to | bizbizge qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to cling to | sizsizge qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to cling to | alaalağa qadalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to cling to |
| be ready to | menqadalırğa hazırmaI am ready to cling to | senqadalırğa hazırsayou are ready to cling to | olqadalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to cling to | bizqadalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to cling to | sizqadalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to cling to | alaqadalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to cling to |
| be ready to | menqadalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to cling to | senqadalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to cling to | olqadalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to cling to | bizqadalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to cling to | sizqadalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to cling to | alaqadalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to cling to |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqadalırğa küreşemeI am trying to cling to | senqadalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to cling to | olqadalırğa küreşedihe is trying to cling to | bizqadalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to cling to | sizqadalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to cling to | alaqadalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to cling to |
| try to | menqadalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to cling to | senqadalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to cling to | olqadalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to cling to | bizqadalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to cling to | sizqadalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to cling to | alaqadalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to cling to |
| agree to | menqadalırğa unaymaI agree to cling to | senqadalırğa unaysayou agree to cling to | olqadalırğa unaydıhe agrees to cling to | bizqadalırğa unaybızwe agree to cling to | sizqadalırğa unaysızyou all agree to cling to | alaqadalırğa unaydılathey agree to cling to |
| agree to | menqadalırğa unamaymaI refuse to cling to | senqadalırğa unamaysayou refuse to cling to | olqadalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to cling to | bizqadalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to cling to | sizqadalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to cling to | alaqadalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to cling to |
| hurry to | menqadalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to cling to | senqadalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to cling to | olqadalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to cling to | bizqadalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to cling to | sizqadalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to cling to | alaqadalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to cling to |
| hurry to | menqadalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to cling to | senqadalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to cling to | olqadalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to cling to | bizqadalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to cling to | sizqadalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to cling to | alaqadalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to cling to |
| be afraid to | menqadalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to cling to | senqadalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to cling to | olqadalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to cling to | bizqadalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to cling to | sizqadalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to cling to | alaqadalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to cling to |
| be afraid to | menqadalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to cling to | senqadalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to cling to | olqadalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to cling to | bizqadalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to cling to | sizqadalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to cling to | alaqadalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to cling to |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqadala bolmazmaI can't be clinging to | senqadala bolmazsayou can't be clinging to | olqadala bolmazhe can't be clinging to | bizqadala bolmazbızwe can't be clinging to | sizqadala bolmazsızyou all can't be clinging to | alaqadala bolmazlathey can't be clinging to |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqadalmay bolmazmaI must be clinging to (emphatic) | senqadalmay bolmazsayou must be clinging to (emphatic) | olqadalmay bolmazhe must be clinging to (emphatic) | bizqadalmay bolmazbızwe must be clinging to (emphatic) | sizqadalmay bolmazsızyou all must be clinging to (emphatic) | alaqadalmay bolmazlathey must be clinging to (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqadala turmasamif I don't keep clinging to | senqadala turmasaŋif you don't keep clinging to | olqadala turmasaif he doesn't keep clinging to | bizqadala turmasaqif we don't keep clinging to | sizqadala turmasağızif you all don't keep clinging to | alaqadala turmasalaif they don't keep clinging to |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqadala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of clinging to | senqadala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of clinging to | olqadala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of clinging to | bizqadala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of clinging to | sizqadala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of clinging to | alaqadala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of clinging to |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqadalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) | senqadalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) | olqadalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) | bizqadalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) | sizqadalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) | alaqadalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not clinging to (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqadalmay turamaI keep on not clinging to | senqadalmay turasayou keep on not clinging to | olqadalmay turadıhe keeps on not clinging to | bizqadalmay turabızwe keep on not clinging to | sizqadalmay turasızyou all keep on not clinging to | alaqadalmay turadılathey keep on not clinging to |
| Progressive — double negation | menqadalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not clinging to | senqadalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not clinging to | olqadalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not clinging to | bizqadalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not clinging to | sizqadalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not clinging to | alaqadalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not clinging to |
| Progressive — double negation | menqadalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not clinging to? | senqadalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not clinging to? | olqadalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not clinging to? | bizqadalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not clinging to? | sizqadalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not clinging to? | alaqadalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not clinging to? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqadalğan bolmazmaI can't have clung to | senqadalğan bolmazsayou can't have clung to | olqadalğan bolmazhe can't have clung to | bizqadalğan bolmazbızwe can't have clung to | sizqadalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have clung to | alaqadalğan bolmazlathey can't have clung to |
| Inference — double negation | menqadalmağan bolmazmaI must have clung to (emphatic) | senqadalmağan bolmazsayou must have clung to (emphatic) | olqadalmağan bolmazhe must have clung to (emphatic) | bizqadalmağan bolmazbızwe must have clung to (emphatic) | sizqadalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have clung to (emphatic) | alaqadalmağan bolmazlathey must have clung to (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqadalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had clung to | senqadalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had clung to | olqadalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had clung to | bizqadalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had clung to | sizqadalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had clung to | alaqadalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had clung to |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqadalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't clung to | senqadalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't clung to | olqadalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't clung to | bizqadalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't clung to | sizqadalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't clung to | alaqadalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't clung to |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqadallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to cling to | senqadallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to cling to | olqadallıq bolmazhe can't be going to cling to | bizqadallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to cling to | sizqadallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to cling to | alaqadallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to cling to |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqadalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to cling to (emphatic) | senqadalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to cling to (emphatic) | olqadalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to cling to (emphatic) | bizqadalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to cling to (emphatic) | sizqadalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to cling to (emphatic) | alaqadalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to cling to (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqadallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to cling to | senqadallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to cling to | olqadallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to cling to | bizqadallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to cling to | sizqadallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to cling to | alaqadallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to cling to |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqadalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to cling to | senqadalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to cling to | olqadalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to cling to | bizqadalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to cling to | sizqadalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to cling to | alaqadalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to cling to |