julqarğa
/dʒulqarʁa/
1. pluck, pull out, tear out, tear off
- köb kırdık julqarğa — to pull up a lot of grass
- julqub alırğa — to pull out, to pluck out
- çaçıŋı julqarğa — to tear your hair out
- tawuqnu julqarğa — to pluck a chicken
2. tear to pieces, maul to death one source
- börü qoynu julqğandı — the wolf has mauled the sheep to death
- itle julqub qoydula — the dogs tore it to pieces
- julqub atarğa — to tear it apart and cast it aside
3. plunder, fleece, grab by dishonest means
- halqnı julqarğa — to fleece the people
- ne tabsa anı julqadı — he grabs whatever he finds
- julqub bayınŋandı — he grew rich by plunder
Conjugation
Common forms
- julqadıhe is plucking
- julqduhe plucked
- julqğandıhe has plucked
- julqarhe will pluck
- julqarıqdıhe is going to pluck
- julqa edihe was plucking
- julqsaif he plucks
- julq!pluck!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulqamaI am plucking | senjulqasayou are plucking | oljulqadıhe is plucking | bizjulqabızwe are plucking | sizjulqasızyou all are plucking | alajulqadılathey are plucking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulqmaymaI am not plucking | senjulqmaysayou are not plucking | oljulqmaydıhe is not plucking | bizjulqmaybızwe are not plucking | sizjulqmaysızyou all are not plucking | alajulqmaydılathey are not plucking |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulqamamı? julqamıma?am I plucking? | senjulqamısa?are you plucking? | oljulqamıdı?is he plucking? | bizjulqabızmı? julqamıbız?are we plucking? | sizjulqamısız?are you all plucking? | alajulqamıdıla?are they plucking? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjulqmaymamı? julqmaymıma?aren't I plucking? | senjulqmaymısa?aren't you plucking? | oljulqmaymıdı?isn't he plucking? | bizjulqmaybızmı? julqmaymıbız?aren't we plucking? | sizjulqmaymısız?aren't you all plucking? | alajulqmaymıdıla?aren't they plucking? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulquwçanmaI usually pluck | senjulquwçansayou usually pluck | oljulquwçandıhe usually plucks | bizjulquwçanbızwe usually pluck | sizjulquwçansızyou all usually pluck | alajulquwçandılathey usually pluck |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulqmawçanmaI usually don't pluck | senjulqmawçansayou usually don't pluck | oljulqmawçandıhe usually doesn't pluck | bizjulqmawçanbızwe usually don't pluck | sizjulqmawçansızyou all usually don't pluck | alajulqmawçandılathey usually don't pluck |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulquwçanmamı? julquwçanmıma?do I usually pluck? | senjulquwçanmısa?do you usually pluck? | oljulquwçanmıdı?does he usually pluck? | bizjulquwçanbızmı? julquwçanmıbız?do we usually pluck? | sizjulquwçanmısız?do you all usually pluck? | alajulquwçanmıdıla?do they usually pluck? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjulqmawçanmamı? julqmawçanmıma?do I usually not pluck? | senjulqmawçanmısa?do you usually not pluck? | oljulqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not pluck? | bizjulqmawçanbızmı? julqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not pluck? | sizjulqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not pluck? | alajulqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not pluck? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljulqubduhe has plucked and remains so | alajulqubdulathey have plucked and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljulqubmudu?has he plucked? | alajulqubmudula?have they plucked? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulqub turamaI keep plucking | senjulqub turasayou keep plucking | oljulqub turadıhe keeps plucking | bizjulqub turabızwe keep plucking | sizjulqub turasızyou all keep plucking | alajulqub turadılathey keep plucking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulqub turmaymaI don't keep plucking | senjulqub turmaysayou don't keep plucking | oljulqub turmaydıhe doesn't keep plucking | bizjulqub turmaybızwe don't keep plucking | sizjulqub turmaysızyou all don't keep plucking | alajulqub turmaydılathey don't keep plucking |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulqub turamamı? julqub turamıma?do I keep plucking? | senjulqub turamısa?do you keep plucking? | oljulqub turamıdı?does he keep plucking? | bizjulqub turabızmı? julqub turamıbız?do we keep plucking? | sizjulqub turamısız?do you all keep plucking? | alajulqub turamıdıla?do they keep plucking? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjulqub turmaymamı? julqub turmaymıma?don't I keep plucking? | senjulqub turmaymısa?don't you keep plucking? | oljulqub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep plucking? | bizjulqub turmaybızmı? julqub turmaymıbız?don't we keep plucking? | sizjulqub turmaymısız?don't you all keep plucking? | alajulqub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep plucking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjulqa turamaI am in the middle of plucking | senjulqa turasayou are in the middle of plucking | oljulqa turadıhe is in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa turabızwe are in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa turasızyou all are in the middle of plucking | alajulqa turadılathey are in the middle of plucking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjulqa turmaymaI am not in the middle of plucking | senjulqa turmaysayou are not in the middle of plucking | oljulqa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of plucking | alajulqa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of plucking |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjulqa turamamı? julqa turamıma?am I in the middle of plucking? | senjulqa turamısa?are you in the middle of plucking? | oljulqa turamıdı?is he in the middle of plucking? | bizjulqa turabızmı? julqa turamıbız?are we in the middle of plucking? | sizjulqa turamısız?are you all in the middle of plucking? | alajulqa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of plucking? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjulqa turmaymamı? julqa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of plucking? | senjulqa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of plucking? | oljulqa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of plucking? | bizjulqa turmaybızmı? julqa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of plucking? | sizjulqa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of plucking? | alajulqa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of plucking? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulqdumI plucked | senjulqduŋyou plucked | oljulqduhe plucked | bizjulqduqwe plucked | sizjulqduğuzyou all plucked | alajulqdulathey plucked |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulqmadımI didn't pluck | senjulqmadıŋyou didn't pluck | oljulqmadıhe didn't pluck | bizjulqmadıqwe didn't pluck | sizjulqmadığızyou all didn't pluck | alajulqmadılathey didn't pluck |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulqdummu?did I pluck? | senjulqduŋmu?did you pluck? | oljulqdumu?did he pluck? | bizjulqduqmu?did we pluck? | sizjulqduğuzmu?did you all pluck? | alajulqdulamı?did they pluck? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjulqmadımmı?didn't I pluck? | senjulqmadıŋmı?didn't you pluck? | oljulqmadımı?didn't he pluck? | bizjulqmadıqmı?didn't we pluck? | sizjulqmadığızmı?didn't you all pluck? | alajulqmadılamı?didn't they pluck? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulqğanmaI have plucked | senjulqğansayou have plucked | oljulqğandıhe has plucked | bizjulqğanbızwe have plucked | sizjulqğansızyou all have plucked | alajulqğandılathey have plucked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulqmağanmaI haven't plucked | senjulqmağansayou haven't plucked | oljulqmağandıhe hasn't plucked | bizjulqmağanbızwe haven't plucked | sizjulqmağansızyou all haven't plucked | alajulqmağandılathey haven't plucked |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulqğanmamı? julqğanmıma?have I plucked? | senjulqğanmısa?have you plucked? | oljulqğanmıdı?has he plucked? | bizjulqğanbızmı? julqğanmıbız?have we plucked? | sizjulqğanmısız?have you all plucked? | alajulqğanmıdıla?have they plucked? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjulqmağanmamı? julqmağanmıma?haven't I plucked? | senjulqmağanmısa?haven't you plucked? | oljulqmağanmıdı?hasn't he plucked? | bizjulqmağanbızmı? julqmağanmıbız?haven't we plucked? | sizjulqmağanmısız?haven't you all plucked? | alajulqmağanmıdıla?haven't they plucked? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjulqub turdumI kept plucking | senjulqub turduŋyou kept plucking | oljulqub turduhe kept plucking | bizjulqub turduqwe kept plucking | sizjulqub turduğuzyou all kept plucking | alajulqub turdulathey kept plucking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjulqub turmadımI didn't keep plucking | senjulqub turmadıŋyou didn't keep plucking | oljulqub turmadıhe didn't keep plucking | bizjulqub turmadıqwe didn't keep plucking | sizjulqub turmadığızyou all didn't keep plucking | alajulqub turmadılathey didn't keep plucking |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulqarmaI will pluck | senjulqarsayou will pluck | oljulqarhe will pluck | bizjulqarbızwe will pluck | sizjulqarsızyou all will pluck | alajulqarlathey will pluck |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulqmazmaI won't pluck | senjulqmazsayou won't pluck | oljulqmazhe won't pluck | bizjulqmazbızwe won't pluck | sizjulqmazsızyou all won't pluck | alajulqmazlathey won't pluck |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulqarmamı? julqarmıma?will I pluck? | senjulqarmısa?will you pluck? | oljulqarmı?will he pluck? | bizjulqarbızmı? julqarmıbız?will we pluck? | sizjulqarmısız?will you all pluck? | alajulqarlamı? julqarmıla?will they pluck? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjulqmazmamı? julqmazmıma?won't I pluck? | senjulqmazmısa?won't you pluck? | oljulqmazmı?won't he pluck? | bizjulqmazbızmı? julqmazmıbız?won't we pluck? | sizjulqmazmısız?won't you all pluck? | alajulqmazlamı? julqmazmıla?won't they pluck? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulqarıqmaI am going to pluck | senjulqarıqsayou are going to pluck | oljulqarıqdıhe is going to pluck | bizjulqarıqbızwe are going to pluck | sizjulqarıqsızyou all are going to pluck | alajulqarıqdılathey are going to pluck |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulqarıq tülmeI am not going to pluck | senjulqarıq tülseyou are not going to pluck | oljulqarıq tüldühe is not going to pluck | bizjulqarıq tülbüzwe are not going to pluck | sizjulqarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to pluck | alajulqarıq tüldülethey are not going to pluck |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulqarıqmamı? julqarıqmıma?am I going to pluck? | senjulqarıqmısa?are you going to pluck? | oljulqarıqmıdı?is he going to pluck? | bizjulqarıqbızmı? julqarıqmıbız?are we going to pluck? | sizjulqarıqmısız?are you all going to pluck? | alajulqarıqmıdıla?are they going to pluck? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjulqarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to pluck? | senjulqarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to pluck? | oljulqarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to pluck? | bizjulqarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to pluck? | sizjulqarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to pluck? | alajulqarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to pluck? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjulqğan edimjulqğanemI had plucked | senjulqğan ediŋjulqğaneŋyou had plucked | oljulqğan edijulqğanedhe had plucked | bizjulqğan edikjulqğanekwe had plucked | sizjulqğan edigizjulqğanegizyou all had plucked | alajulqğan edilejulqğanellethey had plucked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjulqmağan edimjulqmağanemI hadn't plucked | senjulqmağan ediŋjulqmağaneŋyou hadn't plucked | oljulqmağan edijulqmağanedhe hadn't plucked | bizjulqmağan edikjulqmağanekwe hadn't plucked | sizjulqmağan edigizjulqmağanegizyou all hadn't plucked | alajulqmağan edilejulqmağanellethey hadn't plucked |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjulqa edimjulqaemI was plucking | senjulqa ediŋjulqaeŋyou were plucking | oljulqa edijulqaedhe was plucking | bizjulqa edikjulqaekwe were plucking | sizjulqa edigizjulqaegizyou all were plucking | alajulqa edilejulqaellethey were plucking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjulqmay edimjulqmayemI wasn't plucking | senjulqmay ediŋjulqmayeŋyou weren't plucking | oljulqmay edijulqmayedhe wasn't plucking | bizjulqmay edikjulqmayekwe weren't plucking | sizjulqmay edigizjulqmayegizyou all weren't plucking | alajulqmay edilejulqmayellethey weren't plucking |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjulquwçan edimjulquwçanemI used to pluck | senjulquwçan ediŋjulquwçaneŋyou used to pluck | oljulquwçan edijulquwçanedhe used to pluck | bizjulquwçan edikjulquwçanekwe used to pluck | sizjulquwçan edigizjulquwçanegizyou all used to pluck | alajulquwçan edilejulquwçanellethey used to pluck |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjulqmawçan edimjulqmawçanemI didn't use to pluck | senjulqmawçan ediŋjulqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to pluck | oljulqmawçan edijulqmawçanedhe didn't use to pluck | bizjulqmawçan edikjulqmawçanekwe didn't use to pluck | sizjulqmawçan edigizjulqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to pluck | alajulqmawçan edilejulqmawçanellethey didn't use to pluck |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljulqub edihe had plucked and remained so | alajulqub edilethey had plucked and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljulqub tül edihe hadn't plucked | alajulqub tül edilethey hadn't plucked | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjulqub tura edimjulqub turaemI had kept plucking | senjulqub tura ediŋjulqub turaeŋyou had kept plucking | oljulqub tura edijulqub turaedhe had kept plucking | bizjulqub tura edikjulqub turaekwe had kept plucking | sizjulqub tura edigizjulqub turaegizyou all had kept plucking | alajulqub tura edilejulqub turaellethey had kept plucking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjulqub turmay edimjulqub turmayemI hadn't kept plucking | senjulqub turmay ediŋjulqub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept plucking | oljulqub turmay edijulqub turmayedhe hadn't kept plucking | bizjulqub turmay edikjulqub turmayekwe hadn't kept plucking | sizjulqub turmay edigizjulqub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept plucking | alajulqub turmay edilejulqub turmayellethey hadn't kept plucking |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjulqa tura edimjulqa turaemI was in the middle of plucking | senjulqa tura ediŋjulqa turaeŋyou were in the middle of plucking | oljulqa tura edijulqa turaedhe was in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa tura edikjulqa turaekwe were in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa tura edigizjulqa turaegizyou all were in the middle of plucking | alajulqa tura edilejulqa turaellethey were in the middle of plucking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjulqa turmay edimjulqa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of plucking | senjulqa turmay ediŋjulqa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of plucking | oljulqa turmay edijulqa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa turmay edikjulqa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa turmay edigizjulqa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of plucking | alajulqa turmay edilejulqa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of plucking |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjulqar edimjulqar emI would pluck | senjulqar ediŋjulqar eŋyou would pluck | oljulqar edijulqar edhe would pluck | bizjulqar edikjulqar ekwe would pluck | sizjulqar edigizjulqar egizyou all would pluck | alajulqar edilejulqar ellethey would pluck |
| Conditional result (would) | menjulqmaz edimjulqmaz emI wouldn't pluck | senjulqmaz ediŋjulqmaz eŋyou wouldn't pluck | oljulqmaz edijulqmaz edhe wouldn't pluck | bizjulqmaz edikjulqmaz ekwe wouldn't pluck | sizjulqmaz edigizjulqmaz egizyou all wouldn't pluck | alajulqmaz edilejulqmaz ellethey wouldn't pluck |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjulqarıq edimjulqarıq emI would have plucked | senjulqarıq ediŋjulqarıq eŋyou would have plucked | oljulqarıq edijulqarıq edhe would have plucked | bizjulqarıq edikjulqarıq ekwe would have plucked | sizjulqarıq edigizjulqarıq egizyou all would have plucked | alajulqarıq edilejulqarıq ellethey would have plucked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjulqarıq tül edimjulqarıq tül emI wouldn't have plucked | senjulqarıq tül ediŋjulqarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have plucked | oljulqarıq tül edijulqarıq tül edhe wouldn't have plucked | bizjulqarıq tül edikjulqarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have plucked | sizjulqarıq tül edigizjulqarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have plucked | alajulqarıq tül edilejulqarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have plucked |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjulqsamif I pluck | senjulqsaŋif you pluck | oljulqsaif he plucks | bizjulqsaqif we pluck | sizjulqsağızif you all pluck | alajulqsalaif they pluck |
| Conditional | menjulqmasamif I don't pluck | senjulqmasaŋif you don't pluck | oljulqmasaif he doesn't pluck | bizjulqmasaqif we don't pluck | sizjulqmasağızif you all don't pluck | alajulqmasalaif they don't pluck |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjulqa esemif I am plucking | senjulqa eseŋif you are plucking | oljulqa eseif he is plucking | bizjulqa esekif we are plucking | sizjulqa esegizif you all are plucking | alajulqa eseleif they are plucking |
| Conditional, present real | menjulqmay esemif I am not plucking | senjulqmay eseŋif you are not plucking | oljulqmay eseif he is not plucking | bizjulqmay esekif we are not plucking | sizjulqmay esegizif you all are not plucking | alajulqmay eseleif they are not plucking |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjulqsam edijulqsam edif only I plucked | senjulqsaŋ edijulqsaŋ edif only you plucked | oljulqsa edijulqsaedif only he plucked | bizjulqsaq edijulqsaq edif only we plucked | sizjulqsağız edijulqsağız edif only you all plucked | alajulqsala edijulqsalaedif only they plucked |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjulqmasam edijulqmasam edif only I didn't pluck | senjulqmasaŋ edijulqmasaŋ edif only you didn't pluck | oljulqmasa edijulqmasaedif only he didn't pluck | bizjulqmasaq edijulqmasaq edif only we didn't pluck | sizjulqmasağız edijulqmasağız edif only you all didn't pluck | alajulqmasala edijulqmasalaedif only they didn't pluck |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjulqub tursamif I carry on plucking | senjulqub tursaŋif you carry on plucking | oljulqub tursaif he carries on plucking | bizjulqub tursaqif we carry on plucking | sizjulqub tursağızif you all carry on plucking | alajulqub tursalaif they carry on plucking |
| Durative conditional | menjulqub turmasamif I don't carry on plucking | senjulqub turmasaŋif you don't carry on plucking | oljulqub turmasaif he doesn't carry on plucking | bizjulqub turmasaqif we don't carry on plucking | sizjulqub turmasağızif you all don't carry on plucking | alajulqub turmasalaif they don't carry on plucking |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjulqub tura esemif I have kept plucking | senjulqub tura eseŋif you have kept plucking | oljulqub tura eseif he has kept plucking | bizjulqub tura esekif we have kept plucking | sizjulqub tura esegizif you all have kept plucking | alajulqub tura eseleif they have kept plucking |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjulqub turmay esemif I haven't kept plucking | senjulqub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept plucking | oljulqub turmay eseif he hasn't kept plucking | bizjulqub turmay esekif we haven't kept plucking | sizjulqub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept plucking | alajulqub turmay eseleif they haven't kept plucking |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjulqa tursamif I keep plucking | senjulqa tursaŋif you keep plucking | oljulqa tursaif he keeps plucking | bizjulqa tursaqif we keep plucking | sizjulqa tursağızif you all keep plucking | alajulqa tursalaif they keep plucking |
| Progressive conditional | menjulqmay tursamif I keep on not plucking | senjulqmay tursaŋif you keep on not plucking | oljulqmay tursaif he keeps on not plucking | bizjulqmay tursaqif we keep on not plucking | sizjulqmay tursağızif you all keep on not plucking | alajulqmay tursalaif they keep on not plucking |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjulqa tura esemif I am in the middle of plucking | senjulqa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of plucking | oljulqa tura eseif he is in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa tura esekif we are in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of plucking | alajulqa tura eseleif they are in the middle of plucking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjulqmay tura esemif I keep on not plucking | senjulqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not plucking | oljulqmay tura eseif he keeps on not plucking | bizjulqmay tura esekif we keep on not plucking | sizjulqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not plucking | alajulqmay tura eseleif they keep on not plucking |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjulqdum esemif I plucked | senjulqduŋ eseŋif you plucked | oljulqdu eseif he plucked | bizjulqduq esekif we plucked | sizjulqduğuz esegizif you all plucked | alajulqdula eseleif they plucked |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjulqmadım esemif I didn't pluck | senjulqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't pluck | oljulqmadı eseif he didn't pluck | bizjulqmadıq esekif we didn't pluck | sizjulqmadığız esegizif you all didn't pluck | alajulqmadıla eseleif they didn't pluck |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjulqğan esemif I did pluck (indeed) | senjulqğan eseŋif you did pluck (indeed) | oljulqğan eseif he did pluck (indeed) | bizjulqğan esekif we did pluck (indeed) | sizjulqğan esegizif you all did pluck (indeed) | alajulqğan eseleif they did pluck (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjulqmağan esemif I didn't pluck (indeed) | senjulqmağan eseŋif you didn't pluck (indeed) | oljulqmağan eseif he didn't pluck (indeed) | bizjulqmağan esekif we didn't pluck (indeed) | sizjulqmağan esegizif you all didn't pluck (indeed) | alajulqmağan eseleif they didn't pluck (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjulqğan bolsamif I had plucked | senjulqğan bolsaŋif you had plucked | oljulqğan bolsaif he had plucked | bizjulqğan bolsaqif we had plucked | sizjulqğan bolsağızif you all had plucked | alajulqğan bolsalaif they had plucked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjulqmağan bolsamif I hadn't plucked | senjulqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't plucked | oljulqmağan bolsaif he hadn't plucked | bizjulqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't plucked | sizjulqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't plucked | alajulqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't plucked |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjulqğan bolsam edijulqğan bolsam edif only I had plucked | senjulqğan bolsaŋ edijulqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had plucked | oljulqğan bolsa edijulqğan bolsaedif only he had plucked | bizjulqğan bolsaq edijulqğan bolsaq edif only we had plucked | sizjulqğan bolsağız edijulqğan bolsağız edif only you all had plucked | alajulqğan bolsala edijulqğan bolsalaedif only they had plucked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjulqmağan bolsam edijulqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't plucked | senjulqmağan bolsaŋ edijulqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't plucked | oljulqmağan bolsa edijulqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't plucked | bizjulqmağan bolsaq edijulqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't plucked | sizjulqmağan bolsağız edijulqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't plucked | alajulqmağan bolsala edijulqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't plucked |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjulqar esemif I will pluck | senjulqar eseŋif you will pluck | oljulqar eseif he will pluck | bizjulqar esekif we will pluck | sizjulqar esegizif you all will pluck | alajulqar eseleif they will pluck |
| Conditional, aorist | menjulqmaz esemif I won't pluck | senjulqmaz eseŋif you won't pluck | oljulqmaz eseif he won't pluck | bizjulqmaz esekif we won't pluck | sizjulqmaz esegizif you all won't pluck | alajulqmaz eseleif they won't pluck |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjulqarıq esemif I am going to pluck | senjulqarıq eseŋif you are going to pluck | oljulqarıq eseif he is going to pluck | bizjulqarıq esekif we are going to pluck | sizjulqarıq esegizif you all are going to pluck | alajulqarıq eseleif they are going to pluck |
| Conditional, future | menjulqarıq tül esemif I am not going to pluck | senjulqarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to pluck | oljulqarıq tül eseif he is not going to pluck | bizjulqarıq tül esekif we are not going to pluck | sizjulqarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to pluck | alajulqarıq tül eseleif they are not going to pluck |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjulqarıq bolsamif I were going to pluck | senjulqarıq bolsaŋif you were going to pluck | oljulqarıq bolsaif he were going to pluck | bizjulqarıq bolsaqif we were going to pluck | sizjulqarıq bolsağızif you all were going to pluck | alajulqarıq bolsalaif they were going to pluck |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjulqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to pluck | senjulqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to pluck | oljulqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to pluck | bizjulqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to pluck | sizjulqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to pluck | alajulqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to pluck |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso julqduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjulqa bolurmaI must be plucking | senjulqa bolursayou must be plucking | oljulqa bolurhe must be plucking | bizjulqa bolurbuzwe must be plucking | sizjulqa bolursuzyou all must be plucking | alajulqa bolurlathey must be plucking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjulqmay bolurmaI must not be plucking | senjulqmay bolursayou must not be plucking | oljulqmay bolurhe must not be plucking | bizjulqmay bolurbuzwe must not be plucking | sizjulqmay bolursuzyou all must not be plucking | alajulqmay bolurlathey must not be plucking |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjulqa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of plucking | senjulqa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of plucking | oljulqa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of plucking | alajulqa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of plucking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjulqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not plucking | senjulqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not plucking | oljulqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not plucking | bizjulqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not plucking | sizjulqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not plucking | alajulqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not plucking |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjulqğan bolurmaI must have plucked | senjulqğan bolursayou must have plucked | oljulqğan bolurhe must have plucked | bizjulqğan bolurbuzwe must have plucked | sizjulqğan bolursuzyou all must have plucked | alajulqğan bolurlathey must have plucked |
| Inference (must have) | menjulqmağan bolurmaI must not have plucked | senjulqmağan bolursayou must not have plucked | oljulqmağan bolurhe must not have plucked | bizjulqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have plucked | sizjulqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have plucked | alajulqmağan bolurlathey must not have plucked |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjulqarıq bolurmaI must be going to pluck | senjulqarıq bolursayou must be going to pluck | oljulqarıq bolurhe must be going to pluck | bizjulqarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to pluck | sizjulqarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to pluck | alajulqarıq bolurlathey must be going to pluck |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjulqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to pluck | senjulqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to pluck | oljulqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to pluck | bizjulqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to pluck | sizjulqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to pluck | alajulqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to pluck |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjulqayımlet me pluck | senjulq!pluck! | oljulqsunlet him pluck | bizjulqayıqlet's pluck | sizjulquğuz!pluck, you all! | alajulqsunlalet them pluck |
| Commands & suggestions | menjulqmayımlet me not pluck | senjulqma!don't pluck! | oljulqmasınlet him not pluck | bizjulqmayıqlet's not pluck | sizjulqmağız!don't pluck, you all! | alajulqmasınlalet them not pluck |
| Commands & suggestions | menjulqayımmı?shall I pluck? | oljulqsunmu?should he pluck? | bizjulqayıqmı?shall we pluck? | alajulqsunlamı?should they pluck? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjulqmayımmı?shall I not pluck? | oljulqmasınmı?should he not pluck? | bizjulqmayıqmı?shall we not pluck? | alajulqmasınlamı?should they not pluck? | ||
| Requests | senjulqçu2julqçunplease pluck | oljulqsunçudo let him pluck | sizjulqçuğuzplease pluck (plural/polite) | alajulqsunlaçıdo let them pluck | ||
| Requests | senjulqmaçı2julqmaçınplease don't pluck | oljulqmasınçıdo let him not pluck | sizjulqmaçığızplease don't pluck (plural/polite) | alajulqmasınlaçıdo let them not pluck | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjulqğunjulqğumay you pluck | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjulqmağınjulqmağımay you not pluck | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjulqğay edim julqğa edimwould that I plucked | senjulqğay ediŋ julqğa ediŋwould that you plucked | oljulqğay edi julqğa ediwould that he plucked | bizjulqğay edik julqğa edikwould that we plucked | sizjulqğay edigiz julqğa edigizwould that you all plucked | alajulqğay edile julqğa edilewould that they plucked |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjulqmağay edim julqmağa edimwould that I did not pluck | senjulqmağay ediŋ julqmağa ediŋwould that you did not pluck | oljulqmağay edi julqmağa ediwould that he did not pluck | bizjulqmağay edik julqmağa edikwould that we did not pluck | sizjulqmağay edigiz julqmağa edigizwould that you all did not pluck | alajulqmağay edile julqmağa edilewould that they did not pluck |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulqmağa qoyayımjulqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoy!julqma qoy!let someone pluck! | oljulqmağa qoysunjulqma qoysunlet him allow someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoyayıqjulqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoyuğuz!julqma qoyuğuz!let someone pluck, you all! | alajulqmağa qoysunlajulqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulqmağa qoymayımjulqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoyma!julqma qoyma!don't let someone pluck! | oljulqmağa qoymasınjulqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoymayıqjulqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoymağız!julqma qoymağız!don't let someone pluck, you all! | alajulqmağa qoymasınlajulqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulqmağa qoyayımmı?julqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoysunmu?julqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoyayıqmı?julqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoysunlamı?julqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to pluck? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjulqmağa qoymayımmı?julqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoymasınmı?julqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoymayıqmı?julqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoymasınlamı?julqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to pluck? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjulqmağa qoyamajulqma qoyamaI allow someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoyasajulqma qoyasayou allow someone to pluck | oljulqmağa qoyadıjulqma qoyadıhe allows someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoyabızjulqma qoyabızwe allow someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoyasızjulqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to pluck | alajulqmağa qoyadılajulqma qoyadılathey allow someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulqmağa qoymaymajulqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoymaysajulqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to pluck | oljulqmağa qoymaydıjulqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoymaybızjulqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoymaysızjulqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to pluck | alajulqmağa qoymaydılajulqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulqmağa qoyamamı?julqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to pluck? | senjulqmağa qoyamısa?julqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoyamıdı?julqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoyabızmı?julqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to pluck? | sizjulqmağa qoyamısız?julqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoyamıdıla?julqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to pluck? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjulqmağa qoymaymamı?julqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to pluck? | senjulqmağa qoymaymısa?julqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoymaymıdı?julqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoymaybızmı?julqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to pluck? | sizjulqmağa qoymaymısız?julqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoymaymıdıla?julqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to pluck? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulqmağa qoydumjulqma qoydumI allowed someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoyduŋjulqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to pluck | oljulqmağa qoydujulqma qoyduhe allowed someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoyduqjulqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoyduğuzjulqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to pluck | alajulqmağa qoydulajulqma qoydulathey allowed someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulqmağa qoymadımjulqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to pluck | senjulqmağa qoymadıŋjulqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to pluck | oljulqmağa qoymadıjulqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to pluck | bizjulqmağa qoymadıqjulqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to pluck | sizjulqmağa qoymadığızjulqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to pluck | alajulqmağa qoymadılajulqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to pluck |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulqmağa qoydummu?julqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to pluck? | senjulqmağa qoyduŋmu?julqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoydumu?julqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoyduqmu?julqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to pluck? | sizjulqmağa qoyduğuzmu?julqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoydulamı?julqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to pluck? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjulqmağa qoymadımmı?julqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to pluck? | senjulqmağa qoymadıŋmı?julqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to pluck? | oljulqmağa qoymadımı?julqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to pluck? | bizjulqmağa qoymadıqmı?julqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to pluck? | sizjulqmağa qoymadığızmı?julqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to pluck? | alajulqmağa qoymadılamı?julqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to pluck? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
julqalırğa be able to pluck · julqalmazğa be unable to pluck
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjulqalamaI can pluck | senjulqalasayou can pluck | oljulqaladıhe can pluck | bizjulqalabızwe can pluck | sizjulqalasızyou all can pluck | alajulqaladılathey can pluck |
| Ability — present | menjulqalmaymaI can't pluck | senjulqalmaysayou can't pluck | oljulqalmaydıhe can't pluck | bizjulqalmaybızwe can't pluck | sizjulqalmaysızyou all can't pluck | alajulqalmaydılathey can't pluck |
| Ability — present | menjulqalamamı? julqalamıma?can I pluck? | senjulqalamısa?can you pluck? | oljulqalamıdı?can he pluck? | bizjulqalabızmı? julqalamıbız?can we pluck? | sizjulqalamısız?can you all pluck? | alajulqalamıdıla?can they pluck? |
| Ability — present | menjulqalmaymamı? julqalmaymıma?can't I pluck? | senjulqalmaymısa?can't you pluck? | oljulqalmaymıdı?can't he pluck? | bizjulqalmaybızmı? julqalmaymıbız?can't we pluck? | sizjulqalmaymısız?can't you all pluck? | alajulqalmaymıdıla?can't they pluck? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjulqalsamif I can pluck | senjulqalsaŋif you can pluck | oljulqalsaif he can pluck | bizjulqalsaqif we can pluck | sizjulqalsağızif you all can pluck | alajulqalsalaif they can pluck |
| Ability — if I can… | menjulqalmasamif I can't pluck | senjulqalmasaŋif you can't pluck | oljulqalmasaif he can't pluck | bizjulqalmasaqif we can't pluck | sizjulqalmasağızif you all can't pluck | alajulqalmasalaif they can't pluck |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjulqaldımI was able to pluck | senjulqaldıŋyou were able to pluck | oljulqaldıhe was able to pluck | bizjulqaldıqwe were able to pluck | sizjulqaldığızyou all were able to pluck | alajulqaldılathey were able to pluck |
| Ability — simple past | menjulqalmadımI could not pluck | senjulqalmadıŋyou could not pluck | oljulqalmadıhe could not pluck | bizjulqalmadıqwe could not pluck | sizjulqalmadığızyou all could not pluck | alajulqalmadılathey could not pluck |
| Ability — simple past | menjulqaldımmı?was I able to pluck? | senjulqaldıŋmı?were you able to pluck? | oljulqaldımı?was he able to pluck? | bizjulqaldıqmı?were we able to pluck? | sizjulqaldığızmı?were you all able to pluck? | alajulqaldılamı?were they able to pluck? |
| Ability — simple past | menjulqalmadımmı?couldn't I pluck? | senjulqalmadıŋmı?couldn't you pluck? | oljulqalmadımı?couldn't he pluck? | bizjulqalmadıqmı?couldn't we pluck? | sizjulqalmadığızmı?couldn't you all pluck? | alajulqalmadılamı?couldn't they pluck? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulqalğanmaI have been able to pluck | senjulqalğansayou have been able to pluck | oljulqalğandıhe has been able to pluck | bizjulqalğanbızwe have been able to pluck | sizjulqalğansızyou all have been able to pluck | alajulqalğandılathey have been able to pluck |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulqalmağanmaI haven't been able to pluck | senjulqalmağansayou haven't been able to pluck | oljulqalmağandıhe hasn't been able to pluck | bizjulqalmağanbızwe haven't been able to pluck | sizjulqalmağansızyou all haven't been able to pluck | alajulqalmağandılathey haven't been able to pluck |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulqalğanmamı? julqalğanmıma?have I been able to pluck? | senjulqalğanmısa?have you been able to pluck? | oljulqalğanmıdı?has he been able to pluck? | bizjulqalğanbızmı? julqalğanmıbız?have we been able to pluck? | sizjulqalğanmısız?have you all been able to pluck? | alajulqalğanmıdıla?have they been able to pluck? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjulqalmağanmamı? julqalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to pluck? | senjulqalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to pluck? | oljulqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to pluck? | bizjulqalmağanbızmı? julqalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to pluck? | sizjulqalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to pluck? | alajulqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to pluck? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjulqalğan edimjulqalğanemI had been able to pluck | senjulqalğan ediŋjulqalğaneŋyou had been able to pluck | oljulqalğan edijulqalğanedhe had been able to pluck | bizjulqalğan edikjulqalğanekwe had been able to pluck | sizjulqalğan edigizjulqalğanegizyou all had been able to pluck | alajulqalğan edilejulqalğanellethey had been able to pluck |
| Ability — past perfect | menjulqalmağan edimjulqalmağanemI hadn't been able to pluck | senjulqalmağan ediŋjulqalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to pluck | oljulqalmağan edijulqalmağanedhe hadn't been able to pluck | bizjulqalmağan edikjulqalmağanekwe hadn't been able to pluck | sizjulqalmağan edigizjulqalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to pluck | alajulqalmağan edilejulqalmağanellethey hadn't been able to pluck |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjulqala edimjulqalaemI could pluck | senjulqala ediŋjulqalaeŋyou could pluck | oljulqala edijulqalaedhe could pluck | bizjulqala edikjulqalaekwe could pluck | sizjulqala edigizjulqalaegizyou all could pluck | alajulqala edilejulqalaellethey could pluck |
| Ability — past background | menjulqalmay edimjulqalmayemI could not pluck | senjulqalmay ediŋjulqalmayeŋyou could not pluck | oljulqalmay edijulqalmayedhe could not pluck | bizjulqalmay edikjulqalmayekwe could not pluck | sizjulqalmay edigizjulqalmayegizyou all could not pluck | alajulqalmay edilejulqalmayellethey could not pluck |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjulqalırmaI will be able to pluck | senjulqalırsayou will be able to pluck | oljulqalırhe will be able to pluck | bizjulqalırbızwe will be able to pluck | sizjulqalırsızyou all will be able to pluck | alajulqalırlathey will be able to pluck |
| Ability — future I | menjulqalmazmaI won't be able to pluck | senjulqalmazsayou won't be able to pluck | oljulqalmazhe won't be able to pluck | bizjulqalmazbızwe won't be able to pluck | sizjulqalmazsızyou all won't be able to pluck | alajulqalmazlathey won't be able to pluck |
| Ability — future I | menjulqalırmamı? julqalırmıma?will I be able to pluck? | senjulqalırmısa?will you be able to pluck? | oljulqalırmı?will he be able to pluck? | bizjulqalırbızmı? julqalırmıbız?will we be able to pluck? | sizjulqalırmısız?will you all be able to pluck? | alajulqalırlamı? julqalırmıla?will they be able to pluck? |
| Ability — future I | menjulqalmazmamı? julqalmazmıma?won't I be able to pluck? | senjulqalmazmısa?won't you be able to pluck? | oljulqalmazmı?won't he be able to pluck? | bizjulqalmazbızmı? julqalmazmıbız?won't we be able to pluck? | sizjulqalmazmısız?won't you all be able to pluck? | alajulqalmazlamı? julqalmazmıla?won't they be able to pluck? |
| Ability — future II | menjulqallıqmaI am going to be able to pluck | senjulqallıqsayou are going to be able to pluck | oljulqallıqdıhe is going to be able to pluck | bizjulqallıqbızwe are going to be able to pluck | sizjulqallıqsızyou all are going to be able to pluck | alajulqallıqdılathey are going to be able to pluck |
| Ability — future II | menjulqallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to pluck | senjulqallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to pluck | oljulqallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to pluck | bizjulqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to pluck | sizjulqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to pluck | alajulqallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to pluck |
| Ability — future II | menjulqallıqmamı? julqallıqmıma?am I going to be able to pluck? | senjulqallıqmısa?are you going to be able to pluck? | oljulqallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to pluck? | bizjulqallıqbızmı? julqallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to pluck? | sizjulqallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to pluck? | alajulqallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to pluck? |
| Ability — future II | menjulqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to pluck? | senjulqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to pluck? | oljulqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to pluck? | bizjulqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to pluck? | sizjulqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to pluck? | alajulqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to pluck? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjulqalır edimjulqalır emI would be able to pluck | senjulqalır ediŋjulqalır eŋyou would be able to pluck | oljulqalır edijulqalır edhe would be able to pluck | bizjulqalır edikjulqalır ekwe would be able to pluck | sizjulqalır edigizjulqalır egizyou all would be able to pluck | alajulqalır edilejulqalır ellethey would be able to pluck |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjulqalmaz edimjulqalmaz emI wouldn't be able to pluck | senjulqalmaz ediŋjulqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to pluck | oljulqalmaz edijulqalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to pluck | bizjulqalmaz edikjulqalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to pluck | sizjulqalmaz edigizjulqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to pluck | alajulqalmaz edilejulqalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to pluck |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjulqalğınjulqalğımay you be able to pluck | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjulqalmağınjulqalmağımay you not be able to pluck | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjulqarğa izleymeI want to pluck | senjulqarğa izleyseyou want to pluck | oljulqarğa izleydihe wants to pluck | bizjulqarğa izleybizwe want to pluck | sizjulqarğa izleysizyou all want to pluck | alajulqarğa izleydilethey want to pluck |
| want to | menjulqarğa izlemeymeI do not want to pluck | senjulqarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to pluck | oljulqarğa izlemeydihe does not want to pluck | bizjulqarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to pluck | sizjulqarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to pluck | alajulqarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to pluck |
| would like to | menjulqarğa süemeI would like to pluck | senjulqarğa süeseyou would like to pluck | oljulqarğa süedihe would like to pluck | bizjulqarğa süebizwe would like to pluck | sizjulqarğa süesizyou all would like to pluck | alajulqarğa süedilethey would like to pluck |
| would like to | menjulqarğa süymeymeI would not like to pluck | senjulqarğa süymeyseyou would not like to pluck | oljulqarğa süymeydihe would not like to pluck | bizjulqarğa süymeybizwe would not like to pluck | sizjulqarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to pluck | alajulqarğa süymeydilethey would not like to pluck |
| hope to | menjulqarğa umutlanamaI hope to pluck | senjulqarğa umutlanasayou hope to pluck | oljulqarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to pluck | bizjulqarğa umutlanabızwe hope to pluck | sizjulqarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to pluck | alajulqarğa umutlanadılathey hope to pluck |
| hope to | menjulqarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to pluck | senjulqarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to pluck | oljulqarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to pluck | bizjulqarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to pluck | sizjulqarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to pluck | alajulqarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to pluck |
| be about to | menjulqarğa deb turamaI am about to pluck | senjulqarğa deb turasayou are about to pluck | oljulqarğa deb turadıhe is about to pluck | bizjulqarğa deb turabızwe are about to pluck | sizjulqarğa deb turasızyou all are about to pluck | alajulqarğa deb turadılathey are about to pluck |
| be about to | menjulqarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to pluck | senjulqarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to pluck | oljulqarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to pluck | bizjulqarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to pluck | sizjulqarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to pluck | alajulqarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to pluck |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjulqarğa kerekmeI need to pluck | senjulqarğa kerekseyou need to pluck | oljulqarğa kerekdihe needs to pluck | bizjulqarğa kerekbizwe need to pluck | sizjulqarğa kereksizyou all need to pluck | alajulqarğa kerekdilethey need to pluck |
| need to | menjulqarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to pluck | senjulqarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to pluck | oljulqarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to pluck | bizjulqarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to pluck | sizjulqarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to pluck | alajulqarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to pluck |
| have to | menmenŋe julqarğa tüşediI have to pluck | sensenŋe julqarğa tüşediyou have to pluck | olaŋa julqarğa tüşedihe has to pluck | bizbizge julqarğa tüşediwe have to pluck | sizsizge julqarğa tüşediyou all have to pluck | alaalağa julqarğa tüşedithey have to pluck |
| have to | menmenŋe julqarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to pluck | sensenŋe julqarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to pluck | olaŋa julqarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to pluck | bizbizge julqarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to pluck | sizsizge julqarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to pluck | alaalağa julqarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to pluck |
| be obliged to | menjulqarğa borçlumaI am obliged to pluck | senjulqarğa borçlusayou are obliged to pluck | oljulqarğa borçluduhe is obliged to pluck | bizjulqarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to pluck | sizjulqarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to pluck | alajulqarğa borçludulathey are obliged to pluck |
| be obliged to | menjulqarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to pluck | senjulqarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to pluck | oljulqarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to pluck | bizjulqarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to pluck | sizjulqarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to pluck | alajulqarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to pluck |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjulqarğa madarım bardıI have a way to pluck | senjulqarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to pluck | oljulqarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to pluck | bizjulqarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to pluck | sizjulqarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to pluck | alajulqarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to pluck |
| have a way to | menjulqarğa madarım joqduI have no way to pluck | senjulqarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to pluck | oljulqarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to pluck | bizjulqarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to pluck | sizjulqarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to pluck | alajulqarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to pluck |
| be free to | menjulqarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to pluck | senjulqarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to pluck | oljulqarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to pluck | bizjulqarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to pluck | sizjulqarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to pluck | alajulqarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to pluck |
| be free to | menjulqarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to pluck | senjulqarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to pluck | oljulqarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to pluck | bizjulqarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to pluck | sizjulqarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to pluck | alajulqarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to pluck |
| be possible to | menmenŋe julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to pluck | sensenŋe julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to pluck | olaŋa julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to pluck | bizbizge julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to pluck | sizsizge julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to pluck | alaalağa julqarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to pluck |
| be possible to | menmenŋe julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to pluck | sensenŋe julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to pluck | olaŋa julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to pluck | bizbizge julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to pluck | sizsizge julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to pluck | alaalağa julqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to pluck |
| be ready to | menjulqarğa hazırmaI am ready to pluck | senjulqarğa hazırsayou are ready to pluck | oljulqarğa hazırdıhe is ready to pluck | bizjulqarğa hazırbızwe are ready to pluck | sizjulqarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to pluck | alajulqarğa hazırdılathey are ready to pluck |
| be ready to | menjulqarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to pluck | senjulqarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to pluck | oljulqarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to pluck | bizjulqarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to pluck | sizjulqarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to pluck | alajulqarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to pluck |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjulqarğa küreşemeI am trying to pluck | senjulqarğa küreşeseyou are trying to pluck | oljulqarğa küreşedihe is trying to pluck | bizjulqarğa küreşebizwe are trying to pluck | sizjulqarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to pluck | alajulqarğa küreşedilethey are trying to pluck |
| try to | menjulqarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to pluck | senjulqarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to pluck | oljulqarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to pluck | bizjulqarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to pluck | sizjulqarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to pluck | alajulqarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to pluck |
| agree to | menjulqarğa unaymaI agree to pluck | senjulqarğa unaysayou agree to pluck | oljulqarğa unaydıhe agrees to pluck | bizjulqarğa unaybızwe agree to pluck | sizjulqarğa unaysızyou all agree to pluck | alajulqarğa unaydılathey agree to pluck |
| agree to | menjulqarğa unamaymaI refuse to pluck | senjulqarğa unamaysayou refuse to pluck | oljulqarğa unamaydıhe refuses to pluck | bizjulqarğa unamaybızwe refuse to pluck | sizjulqarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to pluck | alajulqarğa unamaydılathey refuse to pluck |
| hurry to | menjulqarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to pluck | senjulqarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to pluck | oljulqarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to pluck | bizjulqarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to pluck | sizjulqarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to pluck | alajulqarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to pluck |
| hurry to | menjulqarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to pluck | senjulqarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to pluck | oljulqarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to pluck | bizjulqarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to pluck | sizjulqarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to pluck | alajulqarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to pluck |
| be afraid to | menjulqarğa qorqamaI am afraid to pluck | senjulqarğa qorqasayou are afraid to pluck | oljulqarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to pluck | bizjulqarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to pluck | sizjulqarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to pluck | alajulqarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to pluck |
| be afraid to | menjulqarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to pluck | senjulqarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to pluck | oljulqarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to pluck | bizjulqarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to pluck | sizjulqarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to pluck | alajulqarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to pluck |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjulqa bolmazmaI can't be plucking | senjulqa bolmazsayou can't be plucking | oljulqa bolmazhe can't be plucking | bizjulqa bolmazbızwe can't be plucking | sizjulqa bolmazsızyou all can't be plucking | alajulqa bolmazlathey can't be plucking |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjulqmay bolmazmaI must be plucking (emphatic) | senjulqmay bolmazsayou must be plucking (emphatic) | oljulqmay bolmazhe must be plucking (emphatic) | bizjulqmay bolmazbızwe must be plucking (emphatic) | sizjulqmay bolmazsızyou all must be plucking (emphatic) | alajulqmay bolmazlathey must be plucking (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjulqa turmasamif I don't keep plucking | senjulqa turmasaŋif you don't keep plucking | oljulqa turmasaif he doesn't keep plucking | bizjulqa turmasaqif we don't keep plucking | sizjulqa turmasağızif you all don't keep plucking | alajulqa turmasalaif they don't keep plucking |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjulqa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of plucking | senjulqa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of plucking | oljulqa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of plucking | bizjulqa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of plucking | sizjulqa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of plucking | alajulqa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of plucking |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjulqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not plucking (emphatic) | senjulqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not plucking (emphatic) | oljulqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not plucking (emphatic) | bizjulqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not plucking (emphatic) | sizjulqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not plucking (emphatic) | alajulqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not plucking (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjulqmay turamaI keep on not plucking | senjulqmay turasayou keep on not plucking | oljulqmay turadıhe keeps on not plucking | bizjulqmay turabızwe keep on not plucking | sizjulqmay turasızyou all keep on not plucking | alajulqmay turadılathey keep on not plucking |
| Progressive — double negation | menjulqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not plucking | senjulqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not plucking | oljulqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not plucking | bizjulqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not plucking | sizjulqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not plucking | alajulqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not plucking |
| Progressive — double negation | menjulqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not plucking? | senjulqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not plucking? | oljulqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not plucking? | bizjulqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not plucking? | sizjulqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not plucking? | alajulqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not plucking? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjulqğan bolmazmaI can't have plucked | senjulqğan bolmazsayou can't have plucked | oljulqğan bolmazhe can't have plucked | bizjulqğan bolmazbızwe can't have plucked | sizjulqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have plucked | alajulqğan bolmazlathey can't have plucked |
| Inference — double negation | menjulqmağan bolmazmaI must have plucked (emphatic) | senjulqmağan bolmazsayou must have plucked (emphatic) | oljulqmağan bolmazhe must have plucked (emphatic) | bizjulqmağan bolmazbızwe must have plucked (emphatic) | sizjulqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have plucked (emphatic) | alajulqmağan bolmazlathey must have plucked (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjulqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had plucked | senjulqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had plucked | oljulqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had plucked | bizjulqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had plucked | sizjulqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had plucked | alajulqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had plucked |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjulqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't plucked | senjulqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't plucked | oljulqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't plucked | bizjulqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't plucked | sizjulqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't plucked | alajulqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't plucked |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjulqarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to pluck | senjulqarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to pluck | oljulqarıq bolmazhe can't be going to pluck | bizjulqarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to pluck | sizjulqarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to pluck | alajulqarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to pluck |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjulqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to pluck (emphatic) | senjulqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to pluck (emphatic) | oljulqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to pluck (emphatic) | bizjulqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to pluck (emphatic) | sizjulqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to pluck (emphatic) | alajulqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to pluck (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjulqarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to pluck | senjulqarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to pluck | oljulqarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to pluck | bizjulqarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to pluck | sizjulqarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to pluck | alajulqarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to pluck |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjulqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to pluck | senjulqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to pluck | oljulqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to pluck | bizjulqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to pluck | sizjulqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to pluck | alajulqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to pluck |