jırtarğa
/dʒɯrtarʁa/
1. tear, rip, tear into pieces
- anı jağasın jırtdı — he tore his collar
- qağıtnı jırtma — do not tear the paper
- sabiy kitabnı jırtdı — the child tore the book
- jırtıb atarğa — to tear to pieces
2. tear off, pull off, pluck, pick (grass, fruit)
- köb alma jırtarğa — to pick a lot of apples
- tawuqnu tügün jırt — pluck the hen's feathers
- tetraddan qağıt jırtıb alırğa — to tear a sheet out of the exercise book
- hans jırtarğa — to crop grass; to graze (of livestock)
- çaçın-başın jırtarğa — to tear one's hair out
3. wear out, wear into holes (of clothes, shoes, books)
- paltonumu jırthanma — I have worn out my coat
- çuruqların terk jırtadı — he wears his shoes out quickly
- eki qawum çuruq jırthandı — has worn out two pairs of shoes
- kiyimin jırthandı — he has worn out his clothes
- saw jırt! — wear it in good health!
4. maul, savage, tear to pieces (of a predator killing its prey)
- börü qoynu jırthandı — the wolf has savaged the sheep
- börü jırthan qoy kibik — like a sheep mauled by a wolf
- bir-birlerin jırthandıla — they tore one another to pieces
- itle jırtıb qoydula — the dogs tore it apart
5. scratch (a face, a hand)
- qatın betin jırtıb jıladı — the woman wept, scratching her face
- kiştik qolumu jırtdı — the cat scratched my hand
6. torment, nag, gnaw at someone
- sağış meni jırtadı — the thought is eating me alive
- birewnü jırtıb tururğa — to torment somebody without let-up
- jırtıb boşarğa — to peck someone to death with words
7. grab, snatch (everything one can, a share of something) one source
- bolğannı jırtarğa — to grab whatever there is
Expressions
- çaçın-başın jırtırğa — grieve bitterly
- kişi qolu bla hans jırthan — profiting from others' labor
- qağıt oltan jırtıb ölürge — outlive someone slightly
Conjugation
Common forms
- jırtadıhe is tearing
- jırtdıhe tore
- jırthandıhe has torn
- jırtarhe will tear
- jırtarıqdıhe is going to tear
- jırta edihe was tearing
- jırtsaif he tears
- jırt!tear!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjırtamaI am tearing | senjırtasayou are tearing | oljırtadıhe is tearing | bizjırtabızwe are tearing | sizjırtasızyou all are tearing | alajırtadılathey are tearing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjırtmaymaI am not tearing | senjırtmaysayou are not tearing | oljırtmaydıhe is not tearing | bizjırtmaybızwe are not tearing | sizjırtmaysızyou all are not tearing | alajırtmaydılathey are not tearing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjırtamamı? jırtamıma?am I tearing? | senjırtamısa?are you tearing? | oljırtamıdı?is he tearing? | bizjırtabızmı? jırtamıbız?are we tearing? | sizjırtamısız?are you all tearing? | alajırtamıdıla?are they tearing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjırtmaymamı? jırtmaymıma?aren't I tearing? | senjırtmaymısa?aren't you tearing? | oljırtmaymıdı?isn't he tearing? | bizjırtmaybızmı? jırtmaymıbız?aren't we tearing? | sizjırtmaymısız?aren't you all tearing? | alajırtmaymıdıla?aren't they tearing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjırtıwçanmaI usually tear | senjırtıwçansayou usually tear | oljırtıwçandıhe usually tears | bizjırtıwçanbızwe usually tear | sizjırtıwçansızyou all usually tear | alajırtıwçandılathey usually tear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjırtmawçanmaI usually don't tear | senjırtmawçansayou usually don't tear | oljırtmawçandıhe usually doesn't tear | bizjırtmawçanbızwe usually don't tear | sizjırtmawçansızyou all usually don't tear | alajırtmawçandılathey usually don't tear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjırtıwçanmamı? jırtıwçanmıma?do I usually tear? | senjırtıwçanmısa?do you usually tear? | oljırtıwçanmıdı?does he usually tear? | bizjırtıwçanbızmı? jırtıwçanmıbız?do we usually tear? | sizjırtıwçanmısız?do you all usually tear? | alajırtıwçanmıdıla?do they usually tear? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjırtmawçanmamı? jırtmawçanmıma?do I usually not tear? | senjırtmawçanmısa?do you usually not tear? | oljırtmawçanmıdı?does he usually not tear? | bizjırtmawçanbızmı? jırtmawçanmıbız?do we usually not tear? | sizjırtmawçanmısız?do you all usually not tear? | alajırtmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not tear? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljırtıbdıhe has torn and remains so | alajırtıbdılathey have torn and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljırtıbmıdı?has he torn? | alajırtıbmıdıla?have they torn? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjırtıb turamaI keep tearing | senjırtıb turasayou keep tearing | oljırtıb turadıhe keeps tearing | bizjırtıb turabızwe keep tearing | sizjırtıb turasızyou all keep tearing | alajırtıb turadılathey keep tearing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjırtıb turmaymaI don't keep tearing | senjırtıb turmaysayou don't keep tearing | oljırtıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep tearing | bizjırtıb turmaybızwe don't keep tearing | sizjırtıb turmaysızyou all don't keep tearing | alajırtıb turmaydılathey don't keep tearing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjırtıb turamamı? jırtıb turamıma?do I keep tearing? | senjırtıb turamısa?do you keep tearing? | oljırtıb turamıdı?does he keep tearing? | bizjırtıb turabızmı? jırtıb turamıbız?do we keep tearing? | sizjırtıb turamısız?do you all keep tearing? | alajırtıb turamıdıla?do they keep tearing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjırtıb turmaymamı? jırtıb turmaymıma?don't I keep tearing? | senjırtıb turmaymısa?don't you keep tearing? | oljırtıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep tearing? | bizjırtıb turmaybızmı? jırtıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep tearing? | sizjırtıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep tearing? | alajırtıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep tearing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjırta turamaI am in the middle of tearing | senjırta turasayou are in the middle of tearing | oljırta turadıhe is in the middle of tearing | bizjırta turabızwe are in the middle of tearing | sizjırta turasızyou all are in the middle of tearing | alajırta turadılathey are in the middle of tearing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjırta turmaymaI am not in the middle of tearing | senjırta turmaysayou are not in the middle of tearing | oljırta turmaydıhe is not in the middle of tearing | bizjırta turmaybızwe are not in the middle of tearing | sizjırta turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of tearing | alajırta turmaydılathey are not in the middle of tearing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjırta turamamı? jırta turamıma?am I in the middle of tearing? | senjırta turamısa?are you in the middle of tearing? | oljırta turamıdı?is he in the middle of tearing? | bizjırta turabızmı? jırta turamıbız?are we in the middle of tearing? | sizjırta turamısız?are you all in the middle of tearing? | alajırta turamıdıla?are they in the middle of tearing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjırta turmaymamı? jırta turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of tearing? | senjırta turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of tearing? | oljırta turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of tearing? | bizjırta turmaybızmı? jırta turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of tearing? | sizjırta turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of tearing? | alajırta turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of tearing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjırtdımI tore | senjırtdıŋyou tore | oljırtdıhe tore | bizjırtdıqwe tore | sizjırtdığızyou all tore | alajırtdılathey tore |
| Simple past (definite) | menjırtmadımI didn't tear | senjırtmadıŋyou didn't tear | oljırtmadıhe didn't tear | bizjırtmadıqwe didn't tear | sizjırtmadığızyou all didn't tear | alajırtmadılathey didn't tear |
| Simple past (definite) | menjırtdımmı?did I tear? | senjırtdıŋmı?did you tear? | oljırtdımı?did he tear? | bizjırtdıqmı?did we tear? | sizjırtdığızmı?did you all tear? | alajırtdılamı?did they tear? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjırtmadımmı?didn't I tear? | senjırtmadıŋmı?didn't you tear? | oljırtmadımı?didn't he tear? | bizjırtmadıqmı?didn't we tear? | sizjırtmadığızmı?didn't you all tear? | alajırtmadılamı?didn't they tear? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjırthanmaI have torn | senjırthansayou have torn | oljırthandıhe has torn | bizjırthanbızwe have torn | sizjırthansızyou all have torn | alajırthandılathey have torn |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjırtmağanmaI haven't torn | senjırtmağansayou haven't torn | oljırtmağandıhe hasn't torn | bizjırtmağanbızwe haven't torn | sizjırtmağansızyou all haven't torn | alajırtmağandılathey haven't torn |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjırthanmamı? jırthanmıma?have I torn? | senjırthanmısa?have you torn? | oljırthanmıdı?has he torn? | bizjırthanbızmı? jırthanmıbız?have we torn? | sizjırthanmısız?have you all torn? | alajırthanmıdıla?have they torn? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjırtmağanmamı? jırtmağanmıma?haven't I torn? | senjırtmağanmısa?haven't you torn? | oljırtmağanmıdı?hasn't he torn? | bizjırtmağanbızmı? jırtmağanmıbız?haven't we torn? | sizjırtmağanmısız?haven't you all torn? | alajırtmağanmıdıla?haven't they torn? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjırtıb turdumI kept tearing | senjırtıb turduŋyou kept tearing | oljırtıb turduhe kept tearing | bizjırtıb turduqwe kept tearing | sizjırtıb turduğuzyou all kept tearing | alajırtıb turdulathey kept tearing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjırtıb turmadımI didn't keep tearing | senjırtıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep tearing | oljırtıb turmadıhe didn't keep tearing | bizjırtıb turmadıqwe didn't keep tearing | sizjırtıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep tearing | alajırtıb turmadılathey didn't keep tearing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjırtarmaI will tear | senjırtarsayou will tear | oljırtarhe will tear | bizjırtarbızwe will tear | sizjırtarsızyou all will tear | alajırtarlathey will tear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjırtmazmaI won't tear | senjırtmazsayou won't tear | oljırtmazhe won't tear | bizjırtmazbızwe won't tear | sizjırtmazsızyou all won't tear | alajırtmazlathey won't tear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjırtarmamı? jırtarmıma?will I tear? | senjırtarmısa?will you tear? | oljırtarmı?will he tear? | bizjırtarbızmı? jırtarmıbız?will we tear? | sizjırtarmısız?will you all tear? | alajırtarlamı? jırtarmıla?will they tear? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjırtmazmamı? jırtmazmıma?won't I tear? | senjırtmazmısa?won't you tear? | oljırtmazmı?won't he tear? | bizjırtmazbızmı? jırtmazmıbız?won't we tear? | sizjırtmazmısız?won't you all tear? | alajırtmazlamı? jırtmazmıla?won't they tear? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjırtarıqmaI am going to tear | senjırtarıqsayou are going to tear | oljırtarıqdıhe is going to tear | bizjırtarıqbızwe are going to tear | sizjırtarıqsızyou all are going to tear | alajırtarıqdılathey are going to tear |
| Definite future (future II) | menjırtarıq tülmeI am not going to tear | senjırtarıq tülseyou are not going to tear | oljırtarıq tüldühe is not going to tear | bizjırtarıq tülbüzwe are not going to tear | sizjırtarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to tear | alajırtarıq tüldülethey are not going to tear |
| Definite future (future II) | menjırtarıqmamı? jırtarıqmıma?am I going to tear? | senjırtarıqmısa?are you going to tear? | oljırtarıqmıdı?is he going to tear? | bizjırtarıqbızmı? jırtarıqmıbız?are we going to tear? | sizjırtarıqmısız?are you all going to tear? | alajırtarıqmıdıla?are they going to tear? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjırtarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to tear? | senjırtarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to tear? | oljırtarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to tear? | bizjırtarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to tear? | sizjırtarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to tear? | alajırtarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to tear? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjırthan edimjırthanemI had torn | senjırthan ediŋjırthaneŋyou had torn | oljırthan edijırthanedhe had torn | bizjırthan edikjırthanekwe had torn | sizjırthan edigizjırthanegizyou all had torn | alajırthan edilejırthanellethey had torn |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjırtmağan edimjırtmağanemI hadn't torn | senjırtmağan ediŋjırtmağaneŋyou hadn't torn | oljırtmağan edijırtmağanedhe hadn't torn | bizjırtmağan edikjırtmağanekwe hadn't torn | sizjırtmağan edigizjırtmağanegizyou all hadn't torn | alajırtmağan edilejırtmağanellethey hadn't torn |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjırta edimjırtaemI was tearing | senjırta ediŋjırtaeŋyou were tearing | oljırta edijırtaedhe was tearing | bizjırta edikjırtaekwe were tearing | sizjırta edigizjırtaegizyou all were tearing | alajırta edilejırtaellethey were tearing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjırtmay edimjırtmayemI wasn't tearing | senjırtmay ediŋjırtmayeŋyou weren't tearing | oljırtmay edijırtmayedhe wasn't tearing | bizjırtmay edikjırtmayekwe weren't tearing | sizjırtmay edigizjırtmayegizyou all weren't tearing | alajırtmay edilejırtmayellethey weren't tearing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjırtıwçan edimjırtıwçanemI used to tear | senjırtıwçan ediŋjırtıwçaneŋyou used to tear | oljırtıwçan edijırtıwçanedhe used to tear | bizjırtıwçan edikjırtıwçanekwe used to tear | sizjırtıwçan edigizjırtıwçanegizyou all used to tear | alajırtıwçan edilejırtıwçanellethey used to tear |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjırtmawçan edimjırtmawçanemI didn't use to tear | senjırtmawçan ediŋjırtmawçaneŋyou didn't use to tear | oljırtmawçan edijırtmawçanedhe didn't use to tear | bizjırtmawçan edikjırtmawçanekwe didn't use to tear | sizjırtmawçan edigizjırtmawçanegizyou all didn't use to tear | alajırtmawçan edilejırtmawçanellethey didn't use to tear |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljırtıb edihe had torn and remained so | alajırtıb edilethey had torn and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljırtıb tül edihe hadn't torn | alajırtıb tül edilethey hadn't torn | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjırtıb tura edimjırtıb turaemI had kept tearing | senjırtıb tura ediŋjırtıb turaeŋyou had kept tearing | oljırtıb tura edijırtıb turaedhe had kept tearing | bizjırtıb tura edikjırtıb turaekwe had kept tearing | sizjırtıb tura edigizjırtıb turaegizyou all had kept tearing | alajırtıb tura edilejırtıb turaellethey had kept tearing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjırtıb turmay edimjırtıb turmayemI hadn't kept tearing | senjırtıb turmay ediŋjırtıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept tearing | oljırtıb turmay edijırtıb turmayedhe hadn't kept tearing | bizjırtıb turmay edikjırtıb turmayekwe hadn't kept tearing | sizjırtıb turmay edigizjırtıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept tearing | alajırtıb turmay edilejırtıb turmayellethey hadn't kept tearing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjırta tura edimjırta turaemI was in the middle of tearing | senjırta tura ediŋjırta turaeŋyou were in the middle of tearing | oljırta tura edijırta turaedhe was in the middle of tearing | bizjırta tura edikjırta turaekwe were in the middle of tearing | sizjırta tura edigizjırta turaegizyou all were in the middle of tearing | alajırta tura edilejırta turaellethey were in the middle of tearing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjırta turmay edimjırta turmayemI wasn't in the middle of tearing | senjırta turmay ediŋjırta turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of tearing | oljırta turmay edijırta turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of tearing | bizjırta turmay edikjırta turmayekwe weren't in the middle of tearing | sizjırta turmay edigizjırta turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of tearing | alajırta turmay edilejırta turmayellethey weren't in the middle of tearing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjırtar edimjırtar emI would tear | senjırtar ediŋjırtar eŋyou would tear | oljırtar edijırtar edhe would tear | bizjırtar edikjırtar ekwe would tear | sizjırtar edigizjırtar egizyou all would tear | alajırtar edilejırtar ellethey would tear |
| Conditional result (would) | menjırtmaz edimjırtmaz emI wouldn't tear | senjırtmaz ediŋjırtmaz eŋyou wouldn't tear | oljırtmaz edijırtmaz edhe wouldn't tear | bizjırtmaz edikjırtmaz ekwe wouldn't tear | sizjırtmaz edigizjırtmaz egizyou all wouldn't tear | alajırtmaz edilejırtmaz ellethey wouldn't tear |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjırtarıq edimjırtarıq emI would have torn | senjırtarıq ediŋjırtarıq eŋyou would have torn | oljırtarıq edijırtarıq edhe would have torn | bizjırtarıq edikjırtarıq ekwe would have torn | sizjırtarıq edigizjırtarıq egizyou all would have torn | alajırtarıq edilejırtarıq ellethey would have torn |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjırtarıq tül edimjırtarıq tül emI wouldn't have torn | senjırtarıq tül ediŋjırtarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have torn | oljırtarıq tül edijırtarıq tül edhe wouldn't have torn | bizjırtarıq tül edikjırtarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have torn | sizjırtarıq tül edigizjırtarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have torn | alajırtarıq tül edilejırtarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have torn |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjırtsamif I tear | senjırtsaŋif you tear | oljırtsaif he tears | bizjırtsaqif we tear | sizjırtsağızif you all tear | alajırtsalaif they tear |
| Conditional | menjırtmasamif I don't tear | senjırtmasaŋif you don't tear | oljırtmasaif he doesn't tear | bizjırtmasaqif we don't tear | sizjırtmasağızif you all don't tear | alajırtmasalaif they don't tear |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjırta esemif I am tearing | senjırta eseŋif you are tearing | oljırta eseif he is tearing | bizjırta esekif we are tearing | sizjırta esegizif you all are tearing | alajırta eseleif they are tearing |
| Conditional, present real | menjırtmay esemif I am not tearing | senjırtmay eseŋif you are not tearing | oljırtmay eseif he is not tearing | bizjırtmay esekif we are not tearing | sizjırtmay esegizif you all are not tearing | alajırtmay eseleif they are not tearing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjırtsam edijırtsam edif only I tore | senjırtsaŋ edijırtsaŋ edif only you tore | oljırtsa edijırtsaedif only he tore | bizjırtsaq edijırtsaq edif only we tore | sizjırtsağız edijırtsağız edif only you all tore | alajırtsala edijırtsalaedif only they tore |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjırtmasam edijırtmasam edif only I didn't tear | senjırtmasaŋ edijırtmasaŋ edif only you didn't tear | oljırtmasa edijırtmasaedif only he didn't tear | bizjırtmasaq edijırtmasaq edif only we didn't tear | sizjırtmasağız edijırtmasağız edif only you all didn't tear | alajırtmasala edijırtmasalaedif only they didn't tear |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjırtıb tursamif I carry on tearing | senjırtıb tursaŋif you carry on tearing | oljırtıb tursaif he carries on tearing | bizjırtıb tursaqif we carry on tearing | sizjırtıb tursağızif you all carry on tearing | alajırtıb tursalaif they carry on tearing |
| Durative conditional | menjırtıb turmasamif I don't carry on tearing | senjırtıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on tearing | oljırtıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on tearing | bizjırtıb turmasaqif we don't carry on tearing | sizjırtıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on tearing | alajırtıb turmasalaif they don't carry on tearing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjırtıb tura esemif I have kept tearing | senjırtıb tura eseŋif you have kept tearing | oljırtıb tura eseif he has kept tearing | bizjırtıb tura esekif we have kept tearing | sizjırtıb tura esegizif you all have kept tearing | alajırtıb tura eseleif they have kept tearing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjırtıb turmay esemif I haven't kept tearing | senjırtıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept tearing | oljırtıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept tearing | bizjırtıb turmay esekif we haven't kept tearing | sizjırtıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept tearing | alajırtıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept tearing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjırta tursamif I keep tearing | senjırta tursaŋif you keep tearing | oljırta tursaif he keeps tearing | bizjırta tursaqif we keep tearing | sizjırta tursağızif you all keep tearing | alajırta tursalaif they keep tearing |
| Progressive conditional | menjırtmay tursamif I keep on not tearing | senjırtmay tursaŋif you keep on not tearing | oljırtmay tursaif he keeps on not tearing | bizjırtmay tursaqif we keep on not tearing | sizjırtmay tursağızif you all keep on not tearing | alajırtmay tursalaif they keep on not tearing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjırta tura esemif I am in the middle of tearing | senjırta tura eseŋif you are in the middle of tearing | oljırta tura eseif he is in the middle of tearing | bizjırta tura esekif we are in the middle of tearing | sizjırta tura esegizif you all are in the middle of tearing | alajırta tura eseleif they are in the middle of tearing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjırtmay tura esemif I keep on not tearing | senjırtmay tura eseŋif you keep on not tearing | oljırtmay tura eseif he keeps on not tearing | bizjırtmay tura esekif we keep on not tearing | sizjırtmay tura esegizif you all keep on not tearing | alajırtmay tura eseleif they keep on not tearing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjırtdım esemif I tore | senjırtdıŋ eseŋif you tore | oljırtdı eseif he tore | bizjırtdıq esekif we tore | sizjırtdığız esegizif you all tore | alajırtdıla eseleif they tore |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menjırtmadım esemif I didn't tear | senjırtmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't tear | oljırtmadı eseif he didn't tear | bizjırtmadıq esekif we didn't tear | sizjırtmadığız esegizif you all didn't tear | alajırtmadıla eseleif they didn't tear |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjırthan esemif I did tear (indeed) | senjırthan eseŋif you did tear (indeed) | oljırthan eseif he did tear (indeed) | bizjırthan esekif we did tear (indeed) | sizjırthan esegizif you all did tear (indeed) | alajırthan eseleif they did tear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjırtmağan esemif I didn't tear (indeed) | senjırtmağan eseŋif you didn't tear (indeed) | oljırtmağan eseif he didn't tear (indeed) | bizjırtmağan esekif we didn't tear (indeed) | sizjırtmağan esegizif you all didn't tear (indeed) | alajırtmağan eseleif they didn't tear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjırthan bolsamif I had torn | senjırthan bolsaŋif you had torn | oljırthan bolsaif he had torn | bizjırthan bolsaqif we had torn | sizjırthan bolsağızif you all had torn | alajırthan bolsalaif they had torn |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjırtmağan bolsamif I hadn't torn | senjırtmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't torn | oljırtmağan bolsaif he hadn't torn | bizjırtmağan bolsaqif we hadn't torn | sizjırtmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't torn | alajırtmağan bolsalaif they hadn't torn |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjırthan bolsam edijırthan bolsam edif only I had torn | senjırthan bolsaŋ edijırthan bolsaŋ edif only you had torn | oljırthan bolsa edijırthan bolsaedif only he had torn | bizjırthan bolsaq edijırthan bolsaq edif only we had torn | sizjırthan bolsağız edijırthan bolsağız edif only you all had torn | alajırthan bolsala edijırthan bolsalaedif only they had torn |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjırtmağan bolsam edijırtmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't torn | senjırtmağan bolsaŋ edijırtmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't torn | oljırtmağan bolsa edijırtmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't torn | bizjırtmağan bolsaq edijırtmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't torn | sizjırtmağan bolsağız edijırtmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't torn | alajırtmağan bolsala edijırtmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't torn |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjırtar esemif I will tear | senjırtar eseŋif you will tear | oljırtar eseif he will tear | bizjırtar esekif we will tear | sizjırtar esegizif you all will tear | alajırtar eseleif they will tear |
| Conditional, aorist | menjırtmaz esemif I won't tear | senjırtmaz eseŋif you won't tear | oljırtmaz eseif he won't tear | bizjırtmaz esekif we won't tear | sizjırtmaz esegizif you all won't tear | alajırtmaz eseleif they won't tear |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjırtarıq esemif I am going to tear | senjırtarıq eseŋif you are going to tear | oljırtarıq eseif he is going to tear | bizjırtarıq esekif we are going to tear | sizjırtarıq esegizif you all are going to tear | alajırtarıq eseleif they are going to tear |
| Conditional, future | menjırtarıq tül esemif I am not going to tear | senjırtarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to tear | oljırtarıq tül eseif he is not going to tear | bizjırtarıq tül esekif we are not going to tear | sizjırtarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to tear | alajırtarıq tül eseleif they are not going to tear |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjırtarıq bolsamif I were going to tear | senjırtarıq bolsaŋif you were going to tear | oljırtarıq bolsaif he were going to tear | bizjırtarıq bolsaqif we were going to tear | sizjırtarıq bolsağızif you all were going to tear | alajırtarıq bolsalaif they were going to tear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjırtmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to tear | senjırtmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to tear | oljırtmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to tear | bizjırtmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to tear | sizjırtmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to tear | alajırtmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to tear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jırtdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjırta bolurmaI must be tearing | senjırta bolursayou must be tearing | oljırta bolurhe must be tearing | bizjırta bolurbuzwe must be tearing | sizjırta bolursuzyou all must be tearing | alajırta bolurlathey must be tearing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjırtmay bolurmaI must not be tearing | senjırtmay bolursayou must not be tearing | oljırtmay bolurhe must not be tearing | bizjırtmay bolurbuzwe must not be tearing | sizjırtmay bolursuzyou all must not be tearing | alajırtmay bolurlathey must not be tearing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjırta tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of tearing | senjırta tura bolursayou must be in the middle of tearing | oljırta tura bolurhe must be in the middle of tearing | bizjırta tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of tearing | sizjırta tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of tearing | alajırta tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of tearing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjırtmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not tearing | senjırtmay tura bolursayou must keep on not tearing | oljırtmay tura bolurhe must keep on not tearing | bizjırtmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not tearing | sizjırtmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not tearing | alajırtmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not tearing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjırthan bolurmaI must have torn | senjırthan bolursayou must have torn | oljırthan bolurhe must have torn | bizjırthan bolurbuzwe must have torn | sizjırthan bolursuzyou all must have torn | alajırthan bolurlathey must have torn |
| Inference (must have) | menjırtmağan bolurmaI must not have torn | senjırtmağan bolursayou must not have torn | oljırtmağan bolurhe must not have torn | bizjırtmağan bolurbuzwe must not have torn | sizjırtmağan bolursuzyou all must not have torn | alajırtmağan bolurlathey must not have torn |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjırtarıq bolurmaI must be going to tear | senjırtarıq bolursayou must be going to tear | oljırtarıq bolurhe must be going to tear | bizjırtarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to tear | sizjırtarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to tear | alajırtarıq bolurlathey must be going to tear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjırtmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to tear | senjırtmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to tear | oljırtmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to tear | bizjırtmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to tear | sizjırtmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to tear | alajırtmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to tear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjırtayımlet me tear | senjırt!tear! | oljırtsınlet him tear | bizjırtayıqlet's tear | sizjırtığız!tear, you all! | alajırtsınlalet them tear |
| Commands & suggestions | menjırtmayımlet me not tear | senjırtma!don't tear! | oljırtmasınlet him not tear | bizjırtmayıqlet's not tear | sizjırtmağız!don't tear, you all! | alajırtmasınlalet them not tear |
| Commands & suggestions | menjırtayımmı?shall I tear? | oljırtsınmı?should he tear? | bizjırtayıqmı?shall we tear? | alajırtsınlamı?should they tear? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjırtmayımmı?shall I not tear? | oljırtmasınmı?should he not tear? | bizjırtmayıqmı?shall we not tear? | alajırtmasınlamı?should they not tear? | ||
| Requests | senjırtçı2jırtçınplease tear | oljırtsınçıdo let him tear | sizjırtçığızplease tear (plural/polite) | alajırtsınlaçıdo let them tear | ||
| Requests | senjırtmaçı2jırtmaçınplease don't tear | oljırtmasınçıdo let him not tear | sizjırtmaçığızplease don't tear (plural/polite) | alajırtmasınlaçıdo let them not tear | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjırthınjırthımay you tear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjırtmağınjırtmağımay you not tear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjırthay edim jırtha edimwould that I tore | senjırthay ediŋ jırtha ediŋwould that you tore | oljırthay edi jırtha ediwould that he tore | bizjırthay edik jırtha edikwould that we tore | sizjırthay edigiz jırtha edigizwould that you all tore | alajırthay edile jırtha edilewould that they tore |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjırtmağay edim jırtmağa edimwould that I did not tear | senjırtmağay ediŋ jırtmağa ediŋwould that you did not tear | oljırtmağay edi jırtmağa ediwould that he did not tear | bizjırtmağay edik jırtmağa edikwould that we did not tear | sizjırtmağay edigiz jırtmağa edigizwould that you all did not tear | alajırtmağay edile jırtmağa edilewould that they did not tear |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjırtmağa qoyayımjırtma qoyayımlet me allow someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoy!jırtma qoy!let someone tear! | oljırtmağa qoysunjırtma qoysunlet him allow someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoyayıqjırtma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoyuğuz!jırtma qoyuğuz!let someone tear, you all! | alajırtmağa qoysunlajırtma qoysunlalet them allow someone to tear |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjırtmağa qoymayımjırtma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoyma!jırtma qoyma!don't let someone tear! | oljırtmağa qoymasınjırtma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoymayıqjırtma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoymağız!jırtma qoymağız!don't let someone tear, you all! | alajırtmağa qoymasınlajırtma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to tear |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjırtmağa qoyayımmı?jırtma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoysunmu?jırtma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoyayıqmı?jırtma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoysunlamı?jırtma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to tear? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjırtmağa qoymayımmı?jırtma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoymasınmı?jırtma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoymayıqmı?jırtma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoymasınlamı?jırtma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to tear? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjırtmağa qoyamajırtma qoyamaI allow someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoyasajırtma qoyasayou allow someone to tear | oljırtmağa qoyadıjırtma qoyadıhe allows someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoyabızjırtma qoyabızwe allow someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoyasızjırtma qoyasızyou all allow someone to tear | alajırtmağa qoyadılajırtma qoyadılathey allow someone to tear |
| Let someone… (present) | menjırtmağa qoymaymajırtma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoymaysajırtma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to tear | oljırtmağa qoymaydıjırtma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoymaybızjırtma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoymaysızjırtma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to tear | alajırtmağa qoymaydılajırtma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to tear |
| Let someone… (present) | menjırtmağa qoyamamı?jırtma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to tear? | senjırtmağa qoyamısa?jırtma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoyamıdı?jırtma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoyabızmı?jırtma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to tear? | sizjırtmağa qoyamısız?jırtma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoyamıdıla?jırtma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to tear? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjırtmağa qoymaymamı?jırtma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to tear? | senjırtmağa qoymaymısa?jırtma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoymaymıdı?jırtma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoymaybızmı?jırtma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to tear? | sizjırtmağa qoymaymısız?jırtma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoymaymıdıla?jırtma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to tear? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjırtmağa qoydumjırtma qoydumI allowed someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoyduŋjırtma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to tear | oljırtmağa qoydujırtma qoyduhe allowed someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoyduqjırtma qoyduqwe allowed someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoyduğuzjırtma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to tear | alajırtmağa qoydulajırtma qoydulathey allowed someone to tear |
| Let someone… (past) | menjırtmağa qoymadımjırtma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to tear | senjırtmağa qoymadıŋjırtma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to tear | oljırtmağa qoymadıjırtma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to tear | bizjırtmağa qoymadıqjırtma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to tear | sizjırtmağa qoymadığızjırtma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to tear | alajırtmağa qoymadılajırtma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to tear |
| Let someone… (past) | menjırtmağa qoydummu?jırtma qoydummu?did I allow someone to tear? | senjırtmağa qoyduŋmu?jırtma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoydumu?jırtma qoydumu?did he allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoyduqmu?jırtma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to tear? | sizjırtmağa qoyduğuzmu?jırtma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoydulamı?jırtma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to tear? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjırtmağa qoymadımmı?jırtma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to tear? | senjırtmağa qoymadıŋmı?jırtma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to tear? | oljırtmağa qoymadımı?jırtma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to tear? | bizjırtmağa qoymadıqmı?jırtma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to tear? | sizjırtmağa qoymadığızmı?jırtma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to tear? | alajırtmağa qoymadılamı?jırtma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to tear? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
jırtalırğa be able to tear · jırtalmazğa be unable to tear
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjırtalamaI can tear | senjırtalasayou can tear | oljırtaladıhe can tear | bizjırtalabızwe can tear | sizjırtalasızyou all can tear | alajırtaladılathey can tear |
| Ability — present | menjırtalmaymaI can't tear | senjırtalmaysayou can't tear | oljırtalmaydıhe can't tear | bizjırtalmaybızwe can't tear | sizjırtalmaysızyou all can't tear | alajırtalmaydılathey can't tear |
| Ability — present | menjırtalamamı? jırtalamıma?can I tear? | senjırtalamısa?can you tear? | oljırtalamıdı?can he tear? | bizjırtalabızmı? jırtalamıbız?can we tear? | sizjırtalamısız?can you all tear? | alajırtalamıdıla?can they tear? |
| Ability — present | menjırtalmaymamı? jırtalmaymıma?can't I tear? | senjırtalmaymısa?can't you tear? | oljırtalmaymıdı?can't he tear? | bizjırtalmaybızmı? jırtalmaymıbız?can't we tear? | sizjırtalmaymısız?can't you all tear? | alajırtalmaymıdıla?can't they tear? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjırtalsamif I can tear | senjırtalsaŋif you can tear | oljırtalsaif he can tear | bizjırtalsaqif we can tear | sizjırtalsağızif you all can tear | alajırtalsalaif they can tear |
| Ability — if I can… | menjırtalmasamif I can't tear | senjırtalmasaŋif you can't tear | oljırtalmasaif he can't tear | bizjırtalmasaqif we can't tear | sizjırtalmasağızif you all can't tear | alajırtalmasalaif they can't tear |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjırtaldımI was able to tear | senjırtaldıŋyou were able to tear | oljırtaldıhe was able to tear | bizjırtaldıqwe were able to tear | sizjırtaldığızyou all were able to tear | alajırtaldılathey were able to tear |
| Ability — simple past | menjırtalmadımI could not tear | senjırtalmadıŋyou could not tear | oljırtalmadıhe could not tear | bizjırtalmadıqwe could not tear | sizjırtalmadığızyou all could not tear | alajırtalmadılathey could not tear |
| Ability — simple past | menjırtaldımmı?was I able to tear? | senjırtaldıŋmı?were you able to tear? | oljırtaldımı?was he able to tear? | bizjırtaldıqmı?were we able to tear? | sizjırtaldığızmı?were you all able to tear? | alajırtaldılamı?were they able to tear? |
| Ability — simple past | menjırtalmadımmı?couldn't I tear? | senjırtalmadıŋmı?couldn't you tear? | oljırtalmadımı?couldn't he tear? | bizjırtalmadıqmı?couldn't we tear? | sizjırtalmadığızmı?couldn't you all tear? | alajırtalmadılamı?couldn't they tear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjırtalğanmaI have been able to tear | senjırtalğansayou have been able to tear | oljırtalğandıhe has been able to tear | bizjırtalğanbızwe have been able to tear | sizjırtalğansızyou all have been able to tear | alajırtalğandılathey have been able to tear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjırtalmağanmaI haven't been able to tear | senjırtalmağansayou haven't been able to tear | oljırtalmağandıhe hasn't been able to tear | bizjırtalmağanbızwe haven't been able to tear | sizjırtalmağansızyou all haven't been able to tear | alajırtalmağandılathey haven't been able to tear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjırtalğanmamı? jırtalğanmıma?have I been able to tear? | senjırtalğanmısa?have you been able to tear? | oljırtalğanmıdı?has he been able to tear? | bizjırtalğanbızmı? jırtalğanmıbız?have we been able to tear? | sizjırtalğanmısız?have you all been able to tear? | alajırtalğanmıdıla?have they been able to tear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjırtalmağanmamı? jırtalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to tear? | senjırtalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to tear? | oljırtalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to tear? | bizjırtalmağanbızmı? jırtalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to tear? | sizjırtalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to tear? | alajırtalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to tear? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjırtalğan edimjırtalğanemI had been able to tear | senjırtalğan ediŋjırtalğaneŋyou had been able to tear | oljırtalğan edijırtalğanedhe had been able to tear | bizjırtalğan edikjırtalğanekwe had been able to tear | sizjırtalğan edigizjırtalğanegizyou all had been able to tear | alajırtalğan edilejırtalğanellethey had been able to tear |
| Ability — past perfect | menjırtalmağan edimjırtalmağanemI hadn't been able to tear | senjırtalmağan ediŋjırtalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to tear | oljırtalmağan edijırtalmağanedhe hadn't been able to tear | bizjırtalmağan edikjırtalmağanekwe hadn't been able to tear | sizjırtalmağan edigizjırtalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to tear | alajırtalmağan edilejırtalmağanellethey hadn't been able to tear |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjırtala edimjırtalaemI could tear | senjırtala ediŋjırtalaeŋyou could tear | oljırtala edijırtalaedhe could tear | bizjırtala edikjırtalaekwe could tear | sizjırtala edigizjırtalaegizyou all could tear | alajırtala edilejırtalaellethey could tear |
| Ability — past background | menjırtalmay edimjırtalmayemI could not tear | senjırtalmay ediŋjırtalmayeŋyou could not tear | oljırtalmay edijırtalmayedhe could not tear | bizjırtalmay edikjırtalmayekwe could not tear | sizjırtalmay edigizjırtalmayegizyou all could not tear | alajırtalmay edilejırtalmayellethey could not tear |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjırtalırmaI will be able to tear | senjırtalırsayou will be able to tear | oljırtalırhe will be able to tear | bizjırtalırbızwe will be able to tear | sizjırtalırsızyou all will be able to tear | alajırtalırlathey will be able to tear |
| Ability — future I | menjırtalmazmaI won't be able to tear | senjırtalmazsayou won't be able to tear | oljırtalmazhe won't be able to tear | bizjırtalmazbızwe won't be able to tear | sizjırtalmazsızyou all won't be able to tear | alajırtalmazlathey won't be able to tear |
| Ability — future I | menjırtalırmamı? jırtalırmıma?will I be able to tear? | senjırtalırmısa?will you be able to tear? | oljırtalırmı?will he be able to tear? | bizjırtalırbızmı? jırtalırmıbız?will we be able to tear? | sizjırtalırmısız?will you all be able to tear? | alajırtalırlamı? jırtalırmıla?will they be able to tear? |
| Ability — future I | menjırtalmazmamı? jırtalmazmıma?won't I be able to tear? | senjırtalmazmısa?won't you be able to tear? | oljırtalmazmı?won't he be able to tear? | bizjırtalmazbızmı? jırtalmazmıbız?won't we be able to tear? | sizjırtalmazmısız?won't you all be able to tear? | alajırtalmazlamı? jırtalmazmıla?won't they be able to tear? |
| Ability — future II | menjırtallıqmaI am going to be able to tear | senjırtallıqsayou are going to be able to tear | oljırtallıqdıhe is going to be able to tear | bizjırtallıqbızwe are going to be able to tear | sizjırtallıqsızyou all are going to be able to tear | alajırtallıqdılathey are going to be able to tear |
| Ability — future II | menjırtallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to tear | senjırtallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to tear | oljırtallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to tear | bizjırtallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to tear | sizjırtallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to tear | alajırtallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to tear |
| Ability — future II | menjırtallıqmamı? jırtallıqmıma?am I going to be able to tear? | senjırtallıqmısa?are you going to be able to tear? | oljırtallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to tear? | bizjırtallıqbızmı? jırtallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to tear? | sizjırtallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to tear? | alajırtallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to tear? |
| Ability — future II | menjırtallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to tear? | senjırtallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to tear? | oljırtallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to tear? | bizjırtallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to tear? | sizjırtallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to tear? | alajırtallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to tear? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjırtalır edimjırtalır emI would be able to tear | senjırtalır ediŋjırtalır eŋyou would be able to tear | oljırtalır edijırtalır edhe would be able to tear | bizjırtalır edikjırtalır ekwe would be able to tear | sizjırtalır edigizjırtalır egizyou all would be able to tear | alajırtalır edilejırtalır ellethey would be able to tear |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjırtalmaz edimjırtalmaz emI wouldn't be able to tear | senjırtalmaz ediŋjırtalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to tear | oljırtalmaz edijırtalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to tear | bizjırtalmaz edikjırtalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to tear | sizjırtalmaz edigizjırtalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to tear | alajırtalmaz edilejırtalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to tear |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjırtalğınjırtalğımay you be able to tear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjırtalmağınjırtalmağımay you not be able to tear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjırtarğa izleymeI want to tear | senjırtarğa izleyseyou want to tear | oljırtarğa izleydihe wants to tear | bizjırtarğa izleybizwe want to tear | sizjırtarğa izleysizyou all want to tear | alajırtarğa izleydilethey want to tear |
| want to | menjırtarğa izlemeymeI do not want to tear | senjırtarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to tear | oljırtarğa izlemeydihe does not want to tear | bizjırtarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to tear | sizjırtarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to tear | alajırtarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to tear |
| would like to | menjırtarğa süemeI would like to tear | senjırtarğa süeseyou would like to tear | oljırtarğa süedihe would like to tear | bizjırtarğa süebizwe would like to tear | sizjırtarğa süesizyou all would like to tear | alajırtarğa süedilethey would like to tear |
| would like to | menjırtarğa süymeymeI would not like to tear | senjırtarğa süymeyseyou would not like to tear | oljırtarğa süymeydihe would not like to tear | bizjırtarğa süymeybizwe would not like to tear | sizjırtarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to tear | alajırtarğa süymeydilethey would not like to tear |
| hope to | menjırtarğa umutlanamaI hope to tear | senjırtarğa umutlanasayou hope to tear | oljırtarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to tear | bizjırtarğa umutlanabızwe hope to tear | sizjırtarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to tear | alajırtarğa umutlanadılathey hope to tear |
| hope to | menjırtarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to tear | senjırtarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to tear | oljırtarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to tear | bizjırtarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to tear | sizjırtarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to tear | alajırtarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to tear |
| be about to | menjırtarğa deb turamaI am about to tear | senjırtarğa deb turasayou are about to tear | oljırtarğa deb turadıhe is about to tear | bizjırtarğa deb turabızwe are about to tear | sizjırtarğa deb turasızyou all are about to tear | alajırtarğa deb turadılathey are about to tear |
| be about to | menjırtarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to tear | senjırtarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to tear | oljırtarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to tear | bizjırtarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to tear | sizjırtarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to tear | alajırtarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to tear |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjırtarğa kerekmeI need to tear | senjırtarğa kerekseyou need to tear | oljırtarğa kerekdihe needs to tear | bizjırtarğa kerekbizwe need to tear | sizjırtarğa kereksizyou all need to tear | alajırtarğa kerekdilethey need to tear |
| need to | menjırtarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to tear | senjırtarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to tear | oljırtarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to tear | bizjırtarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to tear | sizjırtarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to tear | alajırtarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to tear |
| have to | menmenŋe jırtarğa tüşediI have to tear | sensenŋe jırtarğa tüşediyou have to tear | olaŋa jırtarğa tüşedihe has to tear | bizbizge jırtarğa tüşediwe have to tear | sizsizge jırtarğa tüşediyou all have to tear | alaalağa jırtarğa tüşedithey have to tear |
| have to | menmenŋe jırtarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to tear | sensenŋe jırtarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to tear | olaŋa jırtarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to tear | bizbizge jırtarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to tear | sizsizge jırtarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to tear | alaalağa jırtarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to tear |
| be obliged to | menjırtarğa borçlumaI am obliged to tear | senjırtarğa borçlusayou are obliged to tear | oljırtarğa borçluduhe is obliged to tear | bizjırtarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to tear | sizjırtarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to tear | alajırtarğa borçludulathey are obliged to tear |
| be obliged to | menjırtarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to tear | senjırtarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to tear | oljırtarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to tear | bizjırtarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to tear | sizjırtarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to tear | alajırtarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to tear |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjırtarğa madarım bardıI have a way to tear | senjırtarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to tear | oljırtarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to tear | bizjırtarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to tear | sizjırtarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to tear | alajırtarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to tear |
| have a way to | menjırtarğa madarım joqduI have no way to tear | senjırtarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to tear | oljırtarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to tear | bizjırtarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to tear | sizjırtarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to tear | alajırtarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to tear |
| be free to | menjırtarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to tear | senjırtarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to tear | oljırtarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to tear | bizjırtarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to tear | sizjırtarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to tear | alajırtarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to tear |
| be free to | menjırtarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to tear | senjırtarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to tear | oljırtarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to tear | bizjırtarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to tear | sizjırtarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to tear | alajırtarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to tear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to tear | sensenŋe jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to tear | olaŋa jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to tear | bizbizge jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to tear | sizsizge jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to tear | alaalağa jırtarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to tear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to tear | sensenŋe jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to tear | olaŋa jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to tear | bizbizge jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to tear | sizsizge jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to tear | alaalağa jırtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to tear |
| be ready to | menjırtarğa hazırmaI am ready to tear | senjırtarğa hazırsayou are ready to tear | oljırtarğa hazırdıhe is ready to tear | bizjırtarğa hazırbızwe are ready to tear | sizjırtarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to tear | alajırtarğa hazırdılathey are ready to tear |
| be ready to | menjırtarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to tear | senjırtarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to tear | oljırtarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to tear | bizjırtarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to tear | sizjırtarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to tear | alajırtarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to tear |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjırtarğa küreşemeI am trying to tear | senjırtarğa küreşeseyou are trying to tear | oljırtarğa küreşedihe is trying to tear | bizjırtarğa küreşebizwe are trying to tear | sizjırtarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to tear | alajırtarğa küreşedilethey are trying to tear |
| try to | menjırtarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to tear | senjırtarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to tear | oljırtarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to tear | bizjırtarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to tear | sizjırtarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to tear | alajırtarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to tear |
| agree to | menjırtarğa unaymaI agree to tear | senjırtarğa unaysayou agree to tear | oljırtarğa unaydıhe agrees to tear | bizjırtarğa unaybızwe agree to tear | sizjırtarğa unaysızyou all agree to tear | alajırtarğa unaydılathey agree to tear |
| agree to | menjırtarğa unamaymaI refuse to tear | senjırtarğa unamaysayou refuse to tear | oljırtarğa unamaydıhe refuses to tear | bizjırtarğa unamaybızwe refuse to tear | sizjırtarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to tear | alajırtarğa unamaydılathey refuse to tear |
| hurry to | menjırtarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to tear | senjırtarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to tear | oljırtarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to tear | bizjırtarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to tear | sizjırtarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to tear | alajırtarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to tear |
| hurry to | menjırtarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to tear | senjırtarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to tear | oljırtarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to tear | bizjırtarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to tear | sizjırtarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to tear | alajırtarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to tear |
| be afraid to | menjırtarğa qorqamaI am afraid to tear | senjırtarğa qorqasayou are afraid to tear | oljırtarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to tear | bizjırtarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to tear | sizjırtarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to tear | alajırtarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to tear |
| be afraid to | menjırtarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to tear | senjırtarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to tear | oljırtarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to tear | bizjırtarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to tear | sizjırtarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to tear | alajırtarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to tear |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjırta bolmazmaI can't be tearing | senjırta bolmazsayou can't be tearing | oljırta bolmazhe can't be tearing | bizjırta bolmazbızwe can't be tearing | sizjırta bolmazsızyou all can't be tearing | alajırta bolmazlathey can't be tearing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjırtmay bolmazmaI must be tearing (emphatic) | senjırtmay bolmazsayou must be tearing (emphatic) | oljırtmay bolmazhe must be tearing (emphatic) | bizjırtmay bolmazbızwe must be tearing (emphatic) | sizjırtmay bolmazsızyou all must be tearing (emphatic) | alajırtmay bolmazlathey must be tearing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjırta turmasamif I don't keep tearing | senjırta turmasaŋif you don't keep tearing | oljırta turmasaif he doesn't keep tearing | bizjırta turmasaqif we don't keep tearing | sizjırta turmasağızif you all don't keep tearing | alajırta turmasalaif they don't keep tearing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjırta tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of tearing | senjırta tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of tearing | oljırta tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of tearing | bizjırta tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of tearing | sizjırta tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of tearing | alajırta tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of tearing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjırtmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not tearing (emphatic) | senjırtmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not tearing (emphatic) | oljırtmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not tearing (emphatic) | bizjırtmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not tearing (emphatic) | sizjırtmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not tearing (emphatic) | alajırtmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not tearing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjırtmay turamaI keep on not tearing | senjırtmay turasayou keep on not tearing | oljırtmay turadıhe keeps on not tearing | bizjırtmay turabızwe keep on not tearing | sizjırtmay turasızyou all keep on not tearing | alajırtmay turadılathey keep on not tearing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjırtmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not tearing | senjırtmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not tearing | oljırtmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not tearing | bizjırtmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not tearing | sizjırtmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not tearing | alajırtmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not tearing |
| Progressive — double negation | menjırtmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not tearing? | senjırtmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not tearing? | oljırtmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not tearing? | bizjırtmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not tearing? | sizjırtmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not tearing? | alajırtmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not tearing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjırthan bolmazmaI can't have torn | senjırthan bolmazsayou can't have torn | oljırthan bolmazhe can't have torn | bizjırthan bolmazbızwe can't have torn | sizjırthan bolmazsızyou all can't have torn | alajırthan bolmazlathey can't have torn |
| Inference — double negation | menjırtmağan bolmazmaI must have torn (emphatic) | senjırtmağan bolmazsayou must have torn (emphatic) | oljırtmağan bolmazhe must have torn (emphatic) | bizjırtmağan bolmazbızwe must have torn (emphatic) | sizjırtmağan bolmazsızyou all must have torn (emphatic) | alajırtmağan bolmazlathey must have torn (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjırthan bolmasamif it weren't that I had torn | senjırthan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had torn | oljırthan bolmasaif it weren't that he had torn | bizjırthan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had torn | sizjırthan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had torn | alajırthan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had torn |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjırtmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't torn | senjırtmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't torn | oljırtmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't torn | bizjırtmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't torn | sizjırtmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't torn | alajırtmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't torn |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjırtarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to tear | senjırtarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to tear | oljırtarıq bolmazhe can't be going to tear | bizjırtarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to tear | sizjırtarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to tear | alajırtarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to tear |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjırtmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to tear (emphatic) | senjırtmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to tear (emphatic) | oljırtmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to tear (emphatic) | bizjırtmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to tear (emphatic) | sizjırtmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to tear (emphatic) | alajırtmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to tear (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjırtarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to tear | senjırtarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to tear | oljırtarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to tear | bizjırtarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to tear | sizjırtarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to tear | alajırtarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to tear |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjırtmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to tear | senjırtmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to tear | oljırtmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to tear | bizjırtmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to tear | sizjırtmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to tear | alajırtmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to tear |