talarğa
/talarʁa/
1. bite, maul, savage — Said of dogs, wolves and other animals biting again and again or in many places; talab öltürürge means bite to death.
- itni qatına barma, talarıqdı — do not go near the dog, it will bite
- anı it talağandı — a dog has bitten him
- itle bir birlerin talaydıla — the dogs are biting each other
- ayü atnı taladı — the bear mauled the horse
- börü qoynu taladı — the wolf mauled the sheep
- it sabiyni talab qoydu — the dog bit the child
- talab öltürürge — to bite to death
2. wash away, erode — Said of a river eating away its banks, or of rain or a mudflow washing out gardens and roads.
- jarnı suw talaydı — the water is washing away the bank
- suw jağanı talaydı — the river is washing away the bank
- suw jolnu talağandı — the water has washed away the road
- suw jağalanı talar — the river will erode the banks
3. sting or bite all over — Said of insects such as bees and mosquitoes.
- bal çibinle anı talağandıla — the bees stung him all over
4. scratch, tear — Said of thorns, brambles and thickets.
- çırpıla qollarımı talağandıla — the bushes scratched my hands
5. torment, gnaw at, nag — Said of a person who keeps scolding someone, and of love or illness that wears a person down; with a body part as subject it means ache (tobuqlarım talaydıla my knees ache).
- ol haman meni talab turadı — he keeps nagging me all the time
- süymeklik jüregin talaydı — love torments his heart
- awruw sanlarımı talaydı — the illness torments my body
- tobuqlarım talaydıla — my knees ache
6. plunder, rob, pillage
- ala elni talağandıla — they have plundered the village
- jaw elni taladı — the enemy plundered the village
- jaw şaharnı talağandı — the enemy has pillaged the town
- bay jarlılanı talay edi — the rich man used to rob the poor
- qazaqla elleni talağan edile — the Cossacks had plundered the villages
Conjugation
Common forms
- talaydıhe is biting
- taladıhe bit
- talağandıhe has bitten
- talarhe will bite
- talarıqdıhe is going to bite
- talay edihe was biting
- talasaif he bites
- tala!bite!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentalaymaI am biting | sentalaysayou are biting | oltalaydıhe is biting | biztalaybızwe are biting | siztalaysızyou all are biting | alatalaydılathey are biting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentalamaymaI am not biting | sentalamaysayou are not biting | oltalamaydıhe is not biting | biztalamaybızwe are not biting | siztalamaysızyou all are not biting | alatalamaydılathey are not biting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentalaymamı? talaymıma?am I biting? | sentalaymısa?are you biting? | oltalaymıdı?is he biting? | biztalaybızmı? talaymıbız?are we biting? | siztalaymısız?are you all biting? | alatalaymıdıla?are they biting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentalamaymamı? talamaymıma?aren't I biting? | sentalamaymısa?aren't you biting? | oltalamaymıdı?isn't he biting? | biztalamaybızmı? talamaymıbız?aren't we biting? | siztalamaymısız?aren't you all biting? | alatalamaymıdıla?aren't they biting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentalawçanmaI usually bite | sentalawçansayou usually bite | oltalawçandıhe usually bites | biztalawçanbızwe usually bite | siztalawçansızyou all usually bite | alatalawçandılathey usually bite |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentalamawçanmaI usually don't bite | sentalamawçansayou usually don't bite | oltalamawçandıhe usually doesn't bite | biztalamawçanbızwe usually don't bite | siztalamawçansızyou all usually don't bite | alatalamawçandılathey usually don't bite |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentalawçanmamı? talawçanmıma?do I usually bite? | sentalawçanmısa?do you usually bite? | oltalawçanmıdı?does he usually bite? | biztalawçanbızmı? talawçanmıbız?do we usually bite? | siztalawçanmısız?do you all usually bite? | alatalawçanmıdıla?do they usually bite? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentalamawçanmamı? talamawçanmıma?do I usually not bite? | sentalamawçanmısa?do you usually not bite? | oltalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not bite? | biztalamawçanbızmı? talamawçanmıbız?do we usually not bite? | siztalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not bite? | alatalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not bite? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltalabdıhe has bitten and remains so | alatalabdılathey have bitten and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltalabmıdı?has he bitten? | alatalabmıdıla?have they bitten? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentalab turamaI keep biting | sentalab turasayou keep biting | oltalab turadıhe keeps biting | biztalab turabızwe keep biting | siztalab turasızyou all keep biting | alatalab turadılathey keep biting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentalab turmaymaI don't keep biting | sentalab turmaysayou don't keep biting | oltalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep biting | biztalab turmaybızwe don't keep biting | siztalab turmaysızyou all don't keep biting | alatalab turmaydılathey don't keep biting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentalab turamamı? talab turamıma?do I keep biting? | sentalab turamısa?do you keep biting? | oltalab turamıdı?does he keep biting? | biztalab turabızmı? talab turamıbız?do we keep biting? | siztalab turamısız?do you all keep biting? | alatalab turamıdıla?do they keep biting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentalab turmaymamı? talab turmaymıma?don't I keep biting? | sentalab turmaymısa?don't you keep biting? | oltalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep biting? | biztalab turmaybızmı? talab turmaymıbız?don't we keep biting? | siztalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep biting? | alatalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep biting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentalay turamaI am in the middle of biting | sentalay turasayou are in the middle of biting | oltalay turadıhe is in the middle of biting | biztalay turabızwe are in the middle of biting | siztalay turasızyou all are in the middle of biting | alatalay turadılathey are in the middle of biting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of biting | sentalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of biting | oltalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of biting | biztalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of biting | siztalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of biting | alatalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of biting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentalay turamamı? talay turamıma?am I in the middle of biting? | sentalay turamısa?are you in the middle of biting? | oltalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of biting? | biztalay turabızmı? talay turamıbız?are we in the middle of biting? | siztalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of biting? | alatalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of biting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentalay turmaymamı? talay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of biting? | sentalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of biting? | oltalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of biting? | biztalay turmaybızmı? talay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of biting? | siztalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of biting? | alatalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of biting? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentaladımI bit | sentaladıŋyou bit | oltaladıhe bit | biztaladıqwe bit | siztaladığızyou all bit | alataladılathey bit |
| Simple past (definite) | mentalamadımI didn't bite | sentalamadıŋyou didn't bite | oltalamadıhe didn't bite | biztalamadıqwe didn't bite | siztalamadığızyou all didn't bite | alatalamadılathey didn't bite |
| Simple past (definite) | mentaladımmı?did I bite? | sentaladıŋmı?did you bite? | oltaladımı?did he bite? | biztaladıqmı?did we bite? | siztaladığızmı?did you all bite? | alataladılamı?did they bite? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentalamadımmı?didn't I bite? | sentalamadıŋmı?didn't you bite? | oltalamadımı?didn't he bite? | biztalamadıqmı?didn't we bite? | siztalamadığızmı?didn't you all bite? | alatalamadılamı?didn't they bite? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentalağanmaI have bitten | sentalağansayou have bitten | oltalağandıhe has bitten | biztalağanbızwe have bitten | siztalağansızyou all have bitten | alatalağandılathey have bitten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentalamağanmaI haven't bitten | sentalamağansayou haven't bitten | oltalamağandıhe hasn't bitten | biztalamağanbızwe haven't bitten | siztalamağansızyou all haven't bitten | alatalamağandılathey haven't bitten |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentalağanmamı? talağanmıma?have I bitten? | sentalağanmısa?have you bitten? | oltalağanmıdı?has he bitten? | biztalağanbızmı? talağanmıbız?have we bitten? | siztalağanmısız?have you all bitten? | alatalağanmıdıla?have they bitten? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentalamağanmamı? talamağanmıma?haven't I bitten? | sentalamağanmısa?haven't you bitten? | oltalamağanmıdı?hasn't he bitten? | biztalamağanbızmı? talamağanmıbız?haven't we bitten? | siztalamağanmısız?haven't you all bitten? | alatalamağanmıdıla?haven't they bitten? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentalab turdumI kept biting | sentalab turduŋyou kept biting | oltalab turduhe kept biting | biztalab turduqwe kept biting | siztalab turduğuzyou all kept biting | alatalab turdulathey kept biting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentalab turmadımI didn't keep biting | sentalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep biting | oltalab turmadıhe didn't keep biting | biztalab turmadıqwe didn't keep biting | siztalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep biting | alatalab turmadılathey didn't keep biting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentalarmaI will bite | sentalarsayou will bite | oltalarhe will bite | biztalarbızwe will bite | siztalarsızyou all will bite | alatalarlathey will bite |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentalamazmaI won't bite | sentalamazsayou won't bite | oltalamazhe won't bite | biztalamazbızwe won't bite | siztalamazsızyou all won't bite | alatalamazlathey won't bite |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentalarmamı? talarmıma?will I bite? | sentalarmısa?will you bite? | oltalarmı?will he bite? | biztalarbızmı? talarmıbız?will we bite? | siztalarmısız?will you all bite? | alatalarlamı? talarmıla?will they bite? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentalamazmamı? talamazmıma?won't I bite? | sentalamazmısa?won't you bite? | oltalamazmı?won't he bite? | biztalamazbızmı? talamazmıbız?won't we bite? | siztalamazmısız?won't you all bite? | alatalamazlamı? talamazmıla?won't they bite? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentalarıqmaI am going to bite | sentalarıqsayou are going to bite | oltalarıqdıhe is going to bite | biztalarıqbızwe are going to bite | siztalarıqsızyou all are going to bite | alatalarıqdılathey are going to bite |
| Definite future (future II) | mentalarıq tülmeI am not going to bite | sentalarıq tülseyou are not going to bite | oltalarıq tüldühe is not going to bite | biztalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to bite | siztalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to bite | alatalarıq tüldülethey are not going to bite |
| Definite future (future II) | mentalarıqmamı? talarıqmıma?am I going to bite? | sentalarıqmısa?are you going to bite? | oltalarıqmıdı?is he going to bite? | biztalarıqbızmı? talarıqmıbız?are we going to bite? | siztalarıqmısız?are you all going to bite? | alatalarıqmıdıla?are they going to bite? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to bite? | sentalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to bite? | oltalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to bite? | biztalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to bite? | siztalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to bite? | alatalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to bite? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentalağan edimtalağanemI had bitten | sentalağan ediŋtalağaneŋyou had bitten | oltalağan editalağanedhe had bitten | biztalağan ediktalağanekwe had bitten | siztalağan edigiztalağanegizyou all had bitten | alatalağan ediletalağanellethey had bitten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentalamağan edimtalamağanemI hadn't bitten | sentalamağan ediŋtalamağaneŋyou hadn't bitten | oltalamağan editalamağanedhe hadn't bitten | biztalamağan ediktalamağanekwe hadn't bitten | siztalamağan edigiztalamağanegizyou all hadn't bitten | alatalamağan ediletalamağanellethey hadn't bitten |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentalay edimtalayemI was biting | sentalay ediŋtalayeŋyou were biting | oltalay editalayedhe was biting | biztalay ediktalayekwe were biting | siztalay edigiztalayegizyou all were biting | alatalay ediletalayellethey were biting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentalamay edimtalamayemI wasn't biting | sentalamay ediŋtalamayeŋyou weren't biting | oltalamay editalamayedhe wasn't biting | biztalamay ediktalamayekwe weren't biting | siztalamay edigiztalamayegizyou all weren't biting | alatalamay ediletalamayellethey weren't biting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentalawçan edimtalawçanemI used to bite | sentalawçan ediŋtalawçaneŋyou used to bite | oltalawçan editalawçanedhe used to bite | biztalawçan ediktalawçanekwe used to bite | siztalawçan edigiztalawçanegizyou all used to bite | alatalawçan ediletalawçanellethey used to bite |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentalamawçan edimtalamawçanemI didn't use to bite | sentalamawçan ediŋtalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to bite | oltalamawçan editalamawçanedhe didn't use to bite | biztalamawçan ediktalamawçanekwe didn't use to bite | siztalamawçan edigiztalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to bite | alatalamawçan ediletalamawçanellethey didn't use to bite |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltalab edihe had bitten and remained so | alatalab edilethey had bitten and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltalab tül edihe hadn't bitten | alatalab tül edilethey hadn't bitten | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentalab tura edimtalab turaemI had kept biting | sentalab tura ediŋtalab turaeŋyou had kept biting | oltalab tura editalab turaedhe had kept biting | biztalab tura ediktalab turaekwe had kept biting | siztalab tura edigiztalab turaegizyou all had kept biting | alatalab tura ediletalab turaellethey had kept biting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentalab turmay edimtalab turmayemI hadn't kept biting | sentalab turmay ediŋtalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept biting | oltalab turmay editalab turmayedhe hadn't kept biting | biztalab turmay ediktalab turmayekwe hadn't kept biting | siztalab turmay edigiztalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept biting | alatalab turmay ediletalab turmayellethey hadn't kept biting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentalay tura edimtalay turaemI was in the middle of biting | sentalay tura ediŋtalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of biting | oltalay tura editalay turaedhe was in the middle of biting | biztalay tura ediktalay turaekwe were in the middle of biting | siztalay tura edigiztalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of biting | alatalay tura ediletalay turaellethey were in the middle of biting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentalay turmay edimtalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of biting | sentalay turmay ediŋtalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of biting | oltalay turmay editalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of biting | biztalay turmay ediktalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of biting | siztalay turmay edigiztalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of biting | alatalay turmay ediletalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of biting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentalar edimtalar emI would bite | sentalar ediŋtalar eŋyou would bite | oltalar editalar edhe would bite | biztalar ediktalar ekwe would bite | siztalar edigiztalar egizyou all would bite | alatalar ediletalar ellethey would bite |
| Conditional result (would) | mentalamaz edimtalamaz emI wouldn't bite | sentalamaz ediŋtalamaz eŋyou wouldn't bite | oltalamaz editalamaz edhe wouldn't bite | biztalamaz ediktalamaz ekwe wouldn't bite | siztalamaz edigiztalamaz egizyou all wouldn't bite | alatalamaz ediletalamaz ellethey wouldn't bite |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentalarıq edimtalarıq emI would have bitten | sentalarıq ediŋtalarıq eŋyou would have bitten | oltalarıq editalarıq edhe would have bitten | biztalarıq ediktalarıq ekwe would have bitten | siztalarıq edigiztalarıq egizyou all would have bitten | alatalarıq ediletalarıq ellethey would have bitten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentalarıq tül edimtalarıq tül emI wouldn't have bitten | sentalarıq tül ediŋtalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have bitten | oltalarıq tül editalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have bitten | biztalarıq tül ediktalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have bitten | siztalarıq tül edigiztalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have bitten | alatalarıq tül ediletalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have bitten |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentalasamif I bite | sentalasaŋif you bite | oltalasaif he bites | biztalasaqif we bite | siztalasağızif you all bite | alatalasalaif they bite |
| Conditional | mentalamasamif I don't bite | sentalamasaŋif you don't bite | oltalamasaif he doesn't bite | biztalamasaqif we don't bite | siztalamasağızif you all don't bite | alatalamasalaif they don't bite |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentalay esemif I am biting | sentalay eseŋif you are biting | oltalay eseif he is biting | biztalay esekif we are biting | siztalay esegizif you all are biting | alatalay eseleif they are biting |
| Conditional, present real | mentalamay esemif I am not biting | sentalamay eseŋif you are not biting | oltalamay eseif he is not biting | biztalamay esekif we are not biting | siztalamay esegizif you all are not biting | alatalamay eseleif they are not biting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentalasam editalasam edif only I bit | sentalasaŋ editalasaŋ edif only you bit | oltalasa editalasaedif only he bit | biztalasaq editalasaq edif only we bit | siztalasağız editalasağız edif only you all bit | alatalasala editalasalaedif only they bit |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentalamasam editalamasam edif only I didn't bite | sentalamasaŋ editalamasaŋ edif only you didn't bite | oltalamasa editalamasaedif only he didn't bite | biztalamasaq editalamasaq edif only we didn't bite | siztalamasağız editalamasağız edif only you all didn't bite | alatalamasala editalamasalaedif only they didn't bite |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentalab tursamif I carry on biting | sentalab tursaŋif you carry on biting | oltalab tursaif he carries on biting | biztalab tursaqif we carry on biting | siztalab tursağızif you all carry on biting | alatalab tursalaif they carry on biting |
| Durative conditional | mentalab turmasamif I don't carry on biting | sentalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on biting | oltalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on biting | biztalab turmasaqif we don't carry on biting | siztalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on biting | alatalab turmasalaif they don't carry on biting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentalab tura esemif I have kept biting | sentalab tura eseŋif you have kept biting | oltalab tura eseif he has kept biting | biztalab tura esekif we have kept biting | siztalab tura esegizif you all have kept biting | alatalab tura eseleif they have kept biting |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentalab turmay esemif I haven't kept biting | sentalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept biting | oltalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept biting | biztalab turmay esekif we haven't kept biting | siztalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept biting | alatalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept biting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentalay tursamif I keep biting | sentalay tursaŋif you keep biting | oltalay tursaif he keeps biting | biztalay tursaqif we keep biting | siztalay tursağızif you all keep biting | alatalay tursalaif they keep biting |
| Progressive conditional | mentalamay tursamif I keep on not biting | sentalamay tursaŋif you keep on not biting | oltalamay tursaif he keeps on not biting | biztalamay tursaqif we keep on not biting | siztalamay tursağızif you all keep on not biting | alatalamay tursalaif they keep on not biting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentalay tura esemif I am in the middle of biting | sentalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of biting | oltalay tura eseif he is in the middle of biting | biztalay tura esekif we are in the middle of biting | siztalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of biting | alatalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of biting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentalamay tura esemif I keep on not biting | sentalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not biting | oltalamay tura eseif he keeps on not biting | biztalamay tura esekif we keep on not biting | siztalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not biting | alatalamay tura eseleif they keep on not biting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentaladım esemif I bit | sentaladıŋ eseŋif you bit | oltaladı eseif he bit | biztaladıq esekif we bit | siztaladığız esegizif you all bit | alataladıla eseleif they bit |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentalamadım esemif I didn't bite | sentalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't bite | oltalamadı eseif he didn't bite | biztalamadıq esekif we didn't bite | siztalamadığız esegizif you all didn't bite | alatalamadıla eseleif they didn't bite |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentalağan esemif I did bite (indeed) | sentalağan eseŋif you did bite (indeed) | oltalağan eseif he did bite (indeed) | biztalağan esekif we did bite (indeed) | siztalağan esegizif you all did bite (indeed) | alatalağan eseleif they did bite (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentalamağan esemif I didn't bite (indeed) | sentalamağan eseŋif you didn't bite (indeed) | oltalamağan eseif he didn't bite (indeed) | biztalamağan esekif we didn't bite (indeed) | siztalamağan esegizif you all didn't bite (indeed) | alatalamağan eseleif they didn't bite (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentalağan bolsamif I had bitten | sentalağan bolsaŋif you had bitten | oltalağan bolsaif he had bitten | biztalağan bolsaqif we had bitten | siztalağan bolsağızif you all had bitten | alatalağan bolsalaif they had bitten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentalamağan bolsamif I hadn't bitten | sentalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't bitten | oltalamağan bolsaif he hadn't bitten | biztalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't bitten | siztalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't bitten | alatalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't bitten |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentalağan bolsam editalağan bolsam edif only I had bitten | sentalağan bolsaŋ editalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had bitten | oltalağan bolsa editalağan bolsaedif only he had bitten | biztalağan bolsaq editalağan bolsaq edif only we had bitten | siztalağan bolsağız editalağan bolsağız edif only you all had bitten | alatalağan bolsala editalağan bolsalaedif only they had bitten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentalamağan bolsam editalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't bitten | sentalamağan bolsaŋ editalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't bitten | oltalamağan bolsa editalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't bitten | biztalamağan bolsaq editalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't bitten | siztalamağan bolsağız editalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't bitten | alatalamağan bolsala editalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't bitten |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentalar esemif I will bite | sentalar eseŋif you will bite | oltalar eseif he will bite | biztalar esekif we will bite | siztalar esegizif you all will bite | alatalar eseleif they will bite |
| Conditional, aorist | mentalamaz esemif I won't bite | sentalamaz eseŋif you won't bite | oltalamaz eseif he won't bite | biztalamaz esekif we won't bite | siztalamaz esegizif you all won't bite | alatalamaz eseleif they won't bite |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentalarıq esemif I am going to bite | sentalarıq eseŋif you are going to bite | oltalarıq eseif he is going to bite | biztalarıq esekif we are going to bite | siztalarıq esegizif you all are going to bite | alatalarıq eseleif they are going to bite |
| Conditional, future | mentalarıq tül esemif I am not going to bite | sentalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to bite | oltalarıq tül eseif he is not going to bite | biztalarıq tül esekif we are not going to bite | siztalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to bite | alatalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to bite |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentalarıq bolsamif I were going to bite | sentalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to bite | oltalarıq bolsaif he were going to bite | biztalarıq bolsaqif we were going to bite | siztalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to bite | alatalarıq bolsalaif they were going to bite |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to bite | sentalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to bite | oltalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to bite | biztalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to bite | siztalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to bite | alatalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to bite |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso taladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentalay bolurmaI must be biting | sentalay bolursayou must be biting | oltalay bolurhe must be biting | biztalay bolurbuzwe must be biting | siztalay bolursuzyou all must be biting | alatalay bolurlathey must be biting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentalamay bolurmaI must not be biting | sentalamay bolursayou must not be biting | oltalamay bolurhe must not be biting | biztalamay bolurbuzwe must not be biting | siztalamay bolursuzyou all must not be biting | alatalamay bolurlathey must not be biting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of biting | sentalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of biting | oltalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of biting | biztalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of biting | siztalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of biting | alatalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of biting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not biting | sentalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not biting | oltalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not biting | biztalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not biting | siztalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not biting | alatalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not biting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentalağan bolurmaI must have bitten | sentalağan bolursayou must have bitten | oltalağan bolurhe must have bitten | biztalağan bolurbuzwe must have bitten | siztalağan bolursuzyou all must have bitten | alatalağan bolurlathey must have bitten |
| Inference (must have) | mentalamağan bolurmaI must not have bitten | sentalamağan bolursayou must not have bitten | oltalamağan bolurhe must not have bitten | biztalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have bitten | siztalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have bitten | alatalamağan bolurlathey must not have bitten |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentalarıq bolurmaI must be going to bite | sentalarıq bolursayou must be going to bite | oltalarıq bolurhe must be going to bite | biztalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to bite | siztalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to bite | alatalarıq bolurlathey must be going to bite |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to bite | sentalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to bite | oltalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to bite | biztalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to bite | siztalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to bite | alatalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to bite |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentalayımlet me bite | sentala!bite! | oltalasınlet him bite | biztalayıqlet's bite | siztalağız!bite, you all! | alatalasınlalet them bite |
| Commands & suggestions | mentalamayımlet me not bite | sentalama!don't bite! | oltalamasınlet him not bite | biztalamayıqlet's not bite | siztalamağız!don't bite, you all! | alatalamasınlalet them not bite |
| Commands & suggestions | mentalayımmı?shall I bite? | oltalasınmı?should he bite? | biztalayıqmı?shall we bite? | alatalasınlamı?should they bite? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentalamayımmı?shall I not bite? | oltalamasınmı?should he not bite? | biztalamayıqmı?shall we not bite? | alatalamasınlamı?should they not bite? | ||
| Requests | sentalaçı2talaçınplease bite | oltalasınçıdo let him bite | siztalaçığızplease bite (plural/polite) | alatalasınlaçıdo let them bite | ||
| Requests | sentalamaçı2talamaçınplease don't bite | oltalamasınçıdo let him not bite | siztalamaçığızplease don't bite (plural/polite) | alatalamasınlaçıdo let them not bite | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentalağıntalağımay you bite | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentalamağıntalamağımay you not bite | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentalağay edim talağa edimwould that I bit | sentalağay ediŋ talağa ediŋwould that you bit | oltalağay edi talağa ediwould that he bit | biztalağay edik talağa edikwould that we bit | siztalağay edigiz talağa edigizwould that you all bit | alatalağay edile talağa edilewould that they bit |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentalamağay edim talamağa edimwould that I did not bite | sentalamağay ediŋ talamağa ediŋwould that you did not bite | oltalamağay edi talamağa ediwould that he did not bite | biztalamağay edik talamağa edikwould that we did not bite | siztalamağay edigiz talamağa edigizwould that you all did not bite | alatalamağay edile talamağa edilewould that they did not bite |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentalamağa qoyayımtalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to bite | sentalamağa qoy!talama qoy!let someone bite! | oltalamağa qoysuntalama qoysunlet him allow someone to bite | biztalamağa qoyayıqtalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to bite | siztalamağa qoyuğuz!talama qoyuğuz!let someone bite, you all! | alatalamağa qoysunlatalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentalamağa qoymayımtalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to bite | sentalamağa qoyma!talama qoyma!don't let someone bite! | oltalamağa qoymasıntalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to bite | biztalamağa qoymayıqtalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to bite | siztalamağa qoymağız!talama qoymağız!don't let someone bite, you all! | alatalamağa qoymasınlatalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentalamağa qoyayımmı?talama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoysunmu?talama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoyayıqmı?talama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoysunlamı?talama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to bite? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentalamağa qoymayımmı?talama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoymasınmı?talama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoymayıqmı?talama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoymasınlamı?talama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to bite? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentalamağa qoyamatalama qoyamaI allow someone to bite | sentalamağa qoyasatalama qoyasayou allow someone to bite | oltalamağa qoyadıtalama qoyadıhe allows someone to bite | biztalamağa qoyabıztalama qoyabızwe allow someone to bite | siztalamağa qoyasıztalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to bite | alatalamağa qoyadılatalama qoyadılathey allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (present) | mentalamağa qoymaymatalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to bite | sentalamağa qoymaysatalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to bite | oltalamağa qoymaydıtalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to bite | biztalamağa qoymaybıztalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to bite | siztalamağa qoymaysıztalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to bite | alatalamağa qoymaydılatalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (present) | mentalamağa qoyamamı?talama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to bite? | sentalamağa qoyamısa?talama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoyamıdı?talama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoyabızmı?talama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to bite? | siztalamağa qoyamısız?talama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoyamıdıla?talama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentalamağa qoymaymamı?talama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to bite? | sentalamağa qoymaymısa?talama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoymaymıdı?talama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoymaybızmı?talama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to bite? | siztalamağa qoymaymısız?talama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoymaymıdıla?talama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentalamağa qoydumtalama qoydumI allowed someone to bite | sentalamağa qoyduŋtalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to bite | oltalamağa qoydutalama qoyduhe allowed someone to bite | biztalamağa qoyduqtalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to bite | siztalamağa qoyduğuztalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to bite | alatalamağa qoydulatalama qoydulathey allowed someone to bite |
| Let someone… (past) | mentalamağa qoymadımtalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to bite | sentalamağa qoymadıŋtalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to bite | oltalamağa qoymadıtalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to bite | biztalamağa qoymadıqtalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to bite | siztalamağa qoymadığıztalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to bite | alatalamağa qoymadılatalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to bite |
| Let someone… (past) | mentalamağa qoydummu?talama qoydummu?did I allow someone to bite? | sentalamağa qoyduŋmu?talama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoydumu?talama qoydumu?did he allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoyduqmu?talama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to bite? | siztalamağa qoyduğuzmu?talama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoydulamı?talama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to bite? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentalamağa qoymadımmı?talama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to bite? | sentalamağa qoymadıŋmı?talama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to bite? | oltalamağa qoymadımı?talama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to bite? | biztalamağa qoymadıqmı?talama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to bite? | siztalamağa qoymadığızmı?talama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to bite? | alatalamağa qoymadılamı?talama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to bite? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentalayalamaI can bite | sentalayalasayou can bite | oltalayaladıhe can bite | biztalayalabızwe can bite | siztalayalasızyou all can bite | alatalayaladılathey can bite |
| Ability — present | mentalayalmaymaI can't bite | sentalayalmaysayou can't bite | oltalayalmaydıhe can't bite | biztalayalmaybızwe can't bite | siztalayalmaysızyou all can't bite | alatalayalmaydılathey can't bite |
| Ability — present | mentalayalamamı? talayalamıma?can I bite? | sentalayalamısa?can you bite? | oltalayalamıdı?can he bite? | biztalayalabızmı? talayalamıbız?can we bite? | siztalayalamısız?can you all bite? | alatalayalamıdıla?can they bite? |
| Ability — present | mentalayalmaymamı? talayalmaymıma?can't I bite? | sentalayalmaymısa?can't you bite? | oltalayalmaymıdı?can't he bite? | biztalayalmaybızmı? talayalmaymıbız?can't we bite? | siztalayalmaymısız?can't you all bite? | alatalayalmaymıdıla?can't they bite? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentalayalsamif I can bite | sentalayalsaŋif you can bite | oltalayalsaif he can bite | biztalayalsaqif we can bite | siztalayalsağızif you all can bite | alatalayalsalaif they can bite |
| Ability — if I can… | mentalayalmasamif I can't bite | sentalayalmasaŋif you can't bite | oltalayalmasaif he can't bite | biztalayalmasaqif we can't bite | siztalayalmasağızif you all can't bite | alatalayalmasalaif they can't bite |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentalayaldımI was able to bite | sentalayaldıŋyou were able to bite | oltalayaldıhe was able to bite | biztalayaldıqwe were able to bite | siztalayaldığızyou all were able to bite | alatalayaldılathey were able to bite |
| Ability — simple past | mentalayalmadımI could not bite | sentalayalmadıŋyou could not bite | oltalayalmadıhe could not bite | biztalayalmadıqwe could not bite | siztalayalmadığızyou all could not bite | alatalayalmadılathey could not bite |
| Ability — simple past | mentalayaldımmı?was I able to bite? | sentalayaldıŋmı?were you able to bite? | oltalayaldımı?was he able to bite? | biztalayaldıqmı?were we able to bite? | siztalayaldığızmı?were you all able to bite? | alatalayaldılamı?were they able to bite? |
| Ability — simple past | mentalayalmadımmı?couldn't I bite? | sentalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you bite? | oltalayalmadımı?couldn't he bite? | biztalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we bite? | siztalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all bite? | alatalayalmadılamı?couldn't they bite? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentalayalğanmaI have been able to bite | sentalayalğansayou have been able to bite | oltalayalğandıhe has been able to bite | biztalayalğanbızwe have been able to bite | siztalayalğansızyou all have been able to bite | alatalayalğandılathey have been able to bite |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to bite | sentalayalmağansayou haven't been able to bite | oltalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to bite | biztalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to bite | siztalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to bite | alatalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to bite |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentalayalğanmamı? talayalğanmıma?have I been able to bite? | sentalayalğanmısa?have you been able to bite? | oltalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to bite? | biztalayalğanbızmı? talayalğanmıbız?have we been able to bite? | siztalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to bite? | alatalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to bite? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentalayalmağanmamı? talayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to bite? | sentalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to bite? | oltalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to bite? | biztalayalmağanbızmı? talayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to bite? | siztalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to bite? | alatalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to bite? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentalayalğan edimtalayalğanemI had been able to bite | sentalayalğan ediŋtalayalğaneŋyou had been able to bite | oltalayalğan editalayalğanedhe had been able to bite | biztalayalğan ediktalayalğanekwe had been able to bite | siztalayalğan edigiztalayalğanegizyou all had been able to bite | alatalayalğan ediletalayalğanellethey had been able to bite |
| Ability — past perfect | mentalayalmağan edimtalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to bite | sentalayalmağan ediŋtalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to bite | oltalayalmağan editalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to bite | biztalayalmağan ediktalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to bite | siztalayalmağan edigiztalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to bite | alatalayalmağan ediletalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to bite |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentalayala edimtalayalaemI could bite | sentalayala ediŋtalayalaeŋyou could bite | oltalayala editalayalaedhe could bite | biztalayala ediktalayalaekwe could bite | siztalayala edigiztalayalaegizyou all could bite | alatalayala ediletalayalaellethey could bite |
| Ability — past background | mentalayalmay edimtalayalmayemI could not bite | sentalayalmay ediŋtalayalmayeŋyou could not bite | oltalayalmay editalayalmayedhe could not bite | biztalayalmay ediktalayalmayekwe could not bite | siztalayalmay edigiztalayalmayegizyou all could not bite | alatalayalmay ediletalayalmayellethey could not bite |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentalayalırmaI will be able to bite | sentalayalırsayou will be able to bite | oltalayalırhe will be able to bite | biztalayalırbızwe will be able to bite | siztalayalırsızyou all will be able to bite | alatalayalırlathey will be able to bite |
| Ability — future I | mentalayalmazmaI won't be able to bite | sentalayalmazsayou won't be able to bite | oltalayalmazhe won't be able to bite | biztalayalmazbızwe won't be able to bite | siztalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to bite | alatalayalmazlathey won't be able to bite |
| Ability — future I | mentalayalırmamı? talayalırmıma?will I be able to bite? | sentalayalırmısa?will you be able to bite? | oltalayalırmı?will he be able to bite? | biztalayalırbızmı? talayalırmıbız?will we be able to bite? | siztalayalırmısız?will you all be able to bite? | alatalayalırlamı? talayalırmıla?will they be able to bite? |
| Ability — future I | mentalayalmazmamı? talayalmazmıma?won't I be able to bite? | sentalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to bite? | oltalayalmazmı?won't he be able to bite? | biztalayalmazbızmı? talayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to bite? | siztalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to bite? | alatalayalmazlamı? talayalmazmıla?won't they be able to bite? |
| Ability — future II | mentalayallıqmaI am going to be able to bite | sentalayallıqsayou are going to be able to bite | oltalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to bite | biztalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to bite | siztalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to bite | alatalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to bite |
| Ability — future II | mentalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to bite | sentalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to bite | oltalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to bite | biztalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to bite | siztalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to bite | alatalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to bite |
| Ability — future II | mentalayallıqmamı? talayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to bite? | sentalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to bite? | oltalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to bite? | biztalayallıqbızmı? talayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to bite? | siztalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to bite? | alatalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to bite? |
| Ability — future II | mentalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to bite? | sentalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to bite? | oltalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to bite? | biztalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to bite? | siztalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to bite? | alatalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to bite? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentalayalır edimtalayalır emI would be able to bite | sentalayalır ediŋtalayalır eŋyou would be able to bite | oltalayalır editalayalır edhe would be able to bite | biztalayalır ediktalayalır ekwe would be able to bite | siztalayalır edigiztalayalır egizyou all would be able to bite | alatalayalır ediletalayalır ellethey would be able to bite |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentalayalmaz edimtalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to bite | sentalayalmaz ediŋtalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to bite | oltalayalmaz editalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to bite | biztalayalmaz ediktalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to bite | siztalayalmaz edigiztalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to bite | alatalayalmaz ediletalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to bite |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentalayalğıntalayalğımay you be able to bite | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentalayalmağıntalayalmağımay you not be able to bite | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentalarğa izleymeI want to bite | sentalarğa izleyseyou want to bite | oltalarğa izleydihe wants to bite | biztalarğa izleybizwe want to bite | siztalarğa izleysizyou all want to bite | alatalarğa izleydilethey want to bite |
| want to | mentalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to bite | sentalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to bite | oltalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to bite | biztalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to bite | siztalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to bite | alatalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to bite |
| would like to | mentalarğa süemeI would like to bite | sentalarğa süeseyou would like to bite | oltalarğa süedihe would like to bite | biztalarğa süebizwe would like to bite | siztalarğa süesizyou all would like to bite | alatalarğa süedilethey would like to bite |
| would like to | mentalarğa süymeymeI would not like to bite | sentalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to bite | oltalarğa süymeydihe would not like to bite | biztalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to bite | siztalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to bite | alatalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to bite |
| hope to | mentalarğa umutlanamaI hope to bite | sentalarğa umutlanasayou hope to bite | oltalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to bite | biztalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to bite | siztalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to bite | alatalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to bite |
| hope to | mentalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to bite | sentalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to bite | oltalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to bite | biztalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to bite | siztalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to bite | alatalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to bite |
| be about to | mentalarğa deb turamaI am about to bite | sentalarğa deb turasayou are about to bite | oltalarğa deb turadıhe is about to bite | biztalarğa deb turabızwe are about to bite | siztalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to bite | alatalarğa deb turadılathey are about to bite |
| be about to | mentalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to bite | sentalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to bite | oltalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to bite | biztalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to bite | siztalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to bite | alatalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to bite |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentalarğa kerekmeI need to bite | sentalarğa kerekseyou need to bite | oltalarğa kerekdihe needs to bite | biztalarğa kerekbizwe need to bite | siztalarğa kereksizyou all need to bite | alatalarğa kerekdilethey need to bite |
| need to | mentalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to bite | sentalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to bite | oltalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to bite | biztalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to bite | siztalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to bite | alatalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to bite |
| have to | menmenŋe talarğa tüşediI have to bite | sensenŋe talarğa tüşediyou have to bite | olaŋa talarğa tüşedihe has to bite | bizbizge talarğa tüşediwe have to bite | sizsizge talarğa tüşediyou all have to bite | alaalağa talarğa tüşedithey have to bite |
| have to | menmenŋe talarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to bite | sensenŋe talarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to bite | olaŋa talarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to bite | bizbizge talarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to bite | sizsizge talarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to bite | alaalağa talarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to bite |
| be obliged to | mentalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to bite | sentalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to bite | oltalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to bite | biztalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to bite | siztalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to bite | alatalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to bite |
| be obliged to | mentalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to bite | sentalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to bite | oltalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to bite | biztalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to bite | siztalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to bite | alatalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to bite |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to bite | sentalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to bite | oltalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to bite | biztalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to bite | siztalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to bite | alatalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to bite |
| have a way to | mentalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to bite | sentalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to bite | oltalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to bite | biztalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to bite | siztalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to bite | alatalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to bite |
| be free to | mentalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to bite | sentalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to bite | oltalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to bite | biztalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to bite | siztalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to bite | alatalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to bite |
| be free to | mentalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to bite | sentalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to bite | oltalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to bite | biztalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to bite | siztalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to bite | alatalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to bite |
| be possible to | menmenŋe talarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to bite | sensenŋe talarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to bite | olaŋa talarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to bite | bizbizge talarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to bite | sizsizge talarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to bite | alaalağa talarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to bite |
| be possible to | menmenŋe talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to bite | sensenŋe talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to bite | olaŋa talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to bite | bizbizge talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to bite | sizsizge talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to bite | alaalağa talarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to bite |
| be ready to | mentalarğa hazırmaI am ready to bite | sentalarğa hazırsayou are ready to bite | oltalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to bite | biztalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to bite | siztalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to bite | alatalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to bite |
| be ready to | mentalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to bite | sentalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to bite | oltalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to bite | biztalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to bite | siztalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to bite | alatalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to bite |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentalarğa küreşemeI am trying to bite | sentalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to bite | oltalarğa küreşedihe is trying to bite | biztalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to bite | siztalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to bite | alatalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to bite |
| try to | mentalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to bite | sentalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to bite | oltalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to bite | biztalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to bite | siztalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to bite | alatalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to bite |
| agree to | mentalarğa unaymaI agree to bite | sentalarğa unaysayou agree to bite | oltalarğa unaydıhe agrees to bite | biztalarğa unaybızwe agree to bite | siztalarğa unaysızyou all agree to bite | alatalarğa unaydılathey agree to bite |
| agree to | mentalarğa unamaymaI refuse to bite | sentalarğa unamaysayou refuse to bite | oltalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to bite | biztalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to bite | siztalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to bite | alatalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to bite |
| hurry to | mentalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to bite | sentalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to bite | oltalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to bite | biztalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to bite | siztalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to bite | alatalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to bite |
| hurry to | mentalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to bite | sentalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to bite | oltalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to bite | biztalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to bite | siztalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to bite | alatalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to bite |
| be afraid to | mentalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to bite | sentalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to bite | oltalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to bite | biztalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to bite | siztalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to bite | alatalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to bite |
| be afraid to | mentalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to bite | sentalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to bite | oltalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to bite | biztalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to bite | siztalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to bite | alatalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to bite |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentalay bolmazmaI can't be biting | sentalay bolmazsayou can't be biting | oltalay bolmazhe can't be biting | biztalay bolmazbızwe can't be biting | siztalay bolmazsızyou all can't be biting | alatalay bolmazlathey can't be biting |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentalamay bolmazmaI must be biting (emphatic) | sentalamay bolmazsayou must be biting (emphatic) | oltalamay bolmazhe must be biting (emphatic) | biztalamay bolmazbızwe must be biting (emphatic) | siztalamay bolmazsızyou all must be biting (emphatic) | alatalamay bolmazlathey must be biting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentalay turmasamif I don't keep biting | sentalay turmasaŋif you don't keep biting | oltalay turmasaif he doesn't keep biting | biztalay turmasaqif we don't keep biting | siztalay turmasağızif you all don't keep biting | alatalay turmasalaif they don't keep biting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of biting | sentalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of biting | oltalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of biting | biztalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of biting | siztalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of biting | alatalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of biting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not biting (emphatic) | sentalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not biting (emphatic) | oltalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not biting (emphatic) | biztalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not biting (emphatic) | siztalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not biting (emphatic) | alatalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not biting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentalamay turamaI keep on not biting | sentalamay turasayou keep on not biting | oltalamay turadıhe keeps on not biting | biztalamay turabızwe keep on not biting | siztalamay turasızyou all keep on not biting | alatalamay turadılathey keep on not biting |
| Progressive — double negation | mentalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not biting | sentalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not biting | oltalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not biting | biztalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not biting | siztalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not biting | alatalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not biting |
| Progressive — double negation | mentalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not biting? | sentalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not biting? | oltalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not biting? | biztalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not biting? | siztalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not biting? | alatalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not biting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentalağan bolmazmaI can't have bitten | sentalağan bolmazsayou can't have bitten | oltalağan bolmazhe can't have bitten | biztalağan bolmazbızwe can't have bitten | siztalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have bitten | alatalağan bolmazlathey can't have bitten |
| Inference — double negation | mentalamağan bolmazmaI must have bitten (emphatic) | sentalamağan bolmazsayou must have bitten (emphatic) | oltalamağan bolmazhe must have bitten (emphatic) | biztalamağan bolmazbızwe must have bitten (emphatic) | siztalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have bitten (emphatic) | alatalamağan bolmazlathey must have bitten (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had bitten | sentalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had bitten | oltalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had bitten | biztalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had bitten | siztalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had bitten | alatalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had bitten |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't bitten | sentalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't bitten | oltalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't bitten | biztalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't bitten | siztalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't bitten | alatalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't bitten |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to bite | sentalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to bite | oltalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to bite | biztalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to bite | siztalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to bite | alatalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to bite |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to bite (emphatic) | sentalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to bite (emphatic) | oltalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to bite (emphatic) | biztalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to bite (emphatic) | siztalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to bite (emphatic) | alatalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to bite (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to bite | sentalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to bite | oltalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to bite | biztalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to bite | siztalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to bite | alatalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to bite |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to bite | sentalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to bite | oltalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to bite | biztalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to bite | siztalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to bite | alatalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to bite |