jiberirge
/dʒiberirɡe/
1. send, dispatch, send someone somewhere
- tükenŋe jiberirge — to send to the shop
- menŋe kartıŋı jiber — send me your photograph
- işge jiberirge — to send to work
- jer-jerge adamla jiber — send people to different places
2. let go, release, set free
- üyge jiberirge — to let someone go home
- sabiyleni oynarğa jiber — let the children go and play
- itni jiberirge — to let the dog off its rope
- türmeden jiberirge — to release from prison
3. do suddenly, do completely (after the converb of another verb) — Used as an auxiliary after another verb's converb. It makes the action quick, sudden or finished, as in urub jiberdi and qıçırıb jiberdi.
- sabiy qıçırıb jiberdi — the child cried out
- qıstab jiberirge — to drive someone away
- jutub jiberirge — to swallow
- aytıb jiberirge — to let a word slip out
- qaytarıb jiberirge — to give back
4. let in, let through, let pass
- içine jiberirge — to let in
- meni içine jibermedile — they did not let me in
- sabiyleni qatlarına jibermeydi — she does not let anyone near the children
- qarawulla jannetge jibermezle — the guards will not let you into paradise
5. let slip, let something out of one's hands, drop
- qoluŋdan jiberirge — to let something slip out of your hand
- qaşıqnı qolundan jiberdi — he let the spoon slip from his hand
6. lower, let down
- jabıwnu jiberirge — to lower the curtain
- uruğa jiberirge — to lower into the pit
- çelekni quyuğa jiberdik — we lowered the bucket into the well
7. spend time, pass the time
- bılayda aynı jiberdik — we spent a month here
- qışnı elde jiberdile — they spent the winter in the village
8. waste, squander (time, money)
- zamannı boş jiberirge — to waste time
- zamannı boşuna jiberdik — we wasted time
- boş minutnu jibermey — without wasting a free minute
9. make a mistake, have a shortcoming
- halat jiberdim — I made a mistake
- ol köb jaŋılıç jiberedi — he makes many errors
10. switch on, start (a machine, an electric current)
- toknu jiber — switch on the current
11. let grow, grow (a beard)
- saqal jiberirge — to let a beard grow
- çaçın jiberdi — he let his hair grow
- saqalın jibermeydi — he does not let his beard grow
12. throw, hurl (a stone, a stick)
- taşnı jiberirge — to throw a stone
- tayaqnı uzaqğa jiberdi — he threw the stick far
13. fire, shoot (a bullet, a shell)
- duşman tumanŋa jibergen oqdan — from the bullet the enemy fired into the fog
14. wolf down, gobble up (food) — Elbrusoid marks this meaning as Karachay usage.
- ayü taqüzükleni jibere edi — the bear was wolfing down the guelder-rose berries
Expressions
- qoldan jibermezge — keep a firm grip
- qulaq jiberirge — lend an ear
- tübüne jılı suw jiberirge — undermine by flattery
Conjugation
Common forms
- jiberedihe is sending
- jiberdihe sent
- jibergendihe has sent
- jiberirhe will send
- jiberlikdihe is going to send
- jibere edihe was sending
- jiberseif he sends
- jiber!send!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjiberemeI am sending | senjibereseyou are sending | oljiberedihe is sending | bizjiberebizwe are sending | sizjiberesizyou all are sending | alajiberedilethey are sending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjibermeymeI am not sending | senjibermeyseyou are not sending | oljibermeydihe is not sending | bizjibermeybizwe are not sending | sizjibermeysizyou all are not sending | alajibermeydilethey are not sending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjiberememi? jiberemime?am I sending? | senjiberemise?are you sending? | oljiberemidi?is he sending? | bizjiberebizmi? jiberemibiz?are we sending? | sizjiberemisiz?are you all sending? | alajiberemidile?are they sending? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menjibermeymemi? jibermeymime?aren't I sending? | senjibermeymise?aren't you sending? | oljibermeymidi?isn't he sending? | bizjibermeybizmi? jibermeymibiz?aren't we sending? | sizjibermeymisiz?aren't you all sending? | alajibermeymidile?aren't they sending? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjiberiwçenmeI usually send | senjiberiwçenseyou usually send | oljiberiwçendihe usually sends | bizjiberiwçenbizwe usually send | sizjiberiwçensizyou all usually send | alajiberiwçendilethey usually send |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjibermewçenmeI usually don't send | senjibermewçenseyou usually don't send | oljibermewçendihe usually doesn't send | bizjibermewçenbizwe usually don't send | sizjibermewçensizyou all usually don't send | alajibermewçendilethey usually don't send |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjiberiwçenmemi? jiberiwçenmime?do I usually send? | senjiberiwçenmise?do you usually send? | oljiberiwçenmidi?does he usually send? | bizjiberiwçenbizmi? jiberiwçenmibiz?do we usually send? | sizjiberiwçenmisiz?do you all usually send? | alajiberiwçenmidile?do they usually send? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menjibermewçenmemi? jibermewçenmime?do I usually not send? | senjibermewçenmise?do you usually not send? | oljibermewçenmidi?does he usually not send? | bizjibermewçenbizmi? jibermewçenmibiz?do we usually not send? | sizjibermewçenmisiz?do you all usually not send? | alajibermewçenmidile?do they usually not send? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljiberibdihe has sent and remains so | alajiberibdilethey have sent and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oljiberibmidi?has he sent? | alajiberibmidile?have they sent? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjiberib turamaI keep sending | senjiberib turasayou keep sending | oljiberib turadıhe keeps sending | bizjiberib turabızwe keep sending | sizjiberib turasızyou all keep sending | alajiberib turadılathey keep sending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjiberib turmaymaI don't keep sending | senjiberib turmaysayou don't keep sending | oljiberib turmaydıhe doesn't keep sending | bizjiberib turmaybızwe don't keep sending | sizjiberib turmaysızyou all don't keep sending | alajiberib turmaydılathey don't keep sending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjiberib turamamı? jiberib turamıma?do I keep sending? | senjiberib turamısa?do you keep sending? | oljiberib turamıdı?does he keep sending? | bizjiberib turabızmı? jiberib turamıbız?do we keep sending? | sizjiberib turamısız?do you all keep sending? | alajiberib turamıdıla?do they keep sending? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menjiberib turmaymamı? jiberib turmaymıma?don't I keep sending? | senjiberib turmaymısa?don't you keep sending? | oljiberib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep sending? | bizjiberib turmaybızmı? jiberib turmaymıbız?don't we keep sending? | sizjiberib turmaymısız?don't you all keep sending? | alajiberib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep sending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjibere turamaI am in the middle of sending | senjibere turasayou are in the middle of sending | oljibere turadıhe is in the middle of sending | bizjibere turabızwe are in the middle of sending | sizjibere turasızyou all are in the middle of sending | alajibere turadılathey are in the middle of sending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjibere turmaymaI am not in the middle of sending | senjibere turmaysayou are not in the middle of sending | oljibere turmaydıhe is not in the middle of sending | bizjibere turmaybızwe are not in the middle of sending | sizjibere turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of sending | alajibere turmaydılathey are not in the middle of sending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjibere turamamı? jibere turamıma?am I in the middle of sending? | senjibere turamısa?are you in the middle of sending? | oljibere turamıdı?is he in the middle of sending? | bizjibere turabızmı? jibere turamıbız?are we in the middle of sending? | sizjibere turamısız?are you all in the middle of sending? | alajibere turamıdıla?are they in the middle of sending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menjibere turmaymamı? jibere turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of sending? | senjibere turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of sending? | oljibere turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of sending? | bizjibere turmaybızmı? jibere turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of sending? | sizjibere turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of sending? | alajibere turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of sending? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjiberdimI sent | senjiberdiŋyou sent | oljiberdihe sent | bizjiberdikwe sent | sizjiberdigizyou all sent | alajiberdilethey sent |
| Simple past (definite) | menjibermedimI didn't send | senjibermediŋyou didn't send | oljibermedihe didn't send | bizjibermedikwe didn't send | sizjibermedigizyou all didn't send | alajibermedilethey didn't send |
| Simple past (definite) | menjiberdimmi?did I send? | senjiberdiŋmi?did you send? | oljiberdimi?did he send? | bizjiberdikmi?did we send? | sizjiberdigizmi?did you all send? | alajiberdilemi?did they send? |
| Simple past (definite) | menjibermedimmi?didn't I send? | senjibermediŋmi?didn't you send? | oljibermedimi?didn't he send? | bizjibermedikmi?didn't we send? | sizjibermedigizmi?didn't you all send? | alajibermedilemi?didn't they send? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjibergenmeI have sent | senjibergenseyou have sent | oljibergendihe has sent | bizjibergenbizwe have sent | sizjibergensizyou all have sent | alajibergendilethey have sent |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjibermegenmeI haven't sent | senjibermegenseyou haven't sent | oljibermegendihe hasn't sent | bizjibermegenbizwe haven't sent | sizjibermegensizyou all haven't sent | alajibermegendilethey haven't sent |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjibergenmemi? jibergenmime?have I sent? | senjibergenmise?have you sent? | oljibergenmidi?has he sent? | bizjibergenbizmi? jibergenmibiz?have we sent? | sizjibergenmisiz?have you all sent? | alajibergenmidile?have they sent? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menjibermegenmemi? jibermegenmime?haven't I sent? | senjibermegenmise?haven't you sent? | oljibermegenmidi?hasn't he sent? | bizjibermegenbizmi? jibermegenmibiz?haven't we sent? | sizjibermegenmisiz?haven't you all sent? | alajibermegenmidile?haven't they sent? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjiberib turdumI kept sending | senjiberib turduŋyou kept sending | oljiberib turduhe kept sending | bizjiberib turduqwe kept sending | sizjiberib turduğuzyou all kept sending | alajiberib turdulathey kept sending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menjiberib turmadımI didn't keep sending | senjiberib turmadıŋyou didn't keep sending | oljiberib turmadıhe didn't keep sending | bizjiberib turmadıqwe didn't keep sending | sizjiberib turmadığızyou all didn't keep sending | alajiberib turmadılathey didn't keep sending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjiberirmeI will send | senjiberirseyou will send | oljiberirhe will send | bizjiberirbizwe will send | sizjiberirsizyou all will send | alajiberirlethey will send |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjibermezmeI won't send | senjibermezseyou won't send | oljibermezhe won't send | bizjibermezbizwe won't send | sizjibermezsizyou all won't send | alajibermezlethey won't send |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjiberirmemi? jiberirmime?will I send? | senjiberirmise?will you send? | oljiberirmi?will he send? | bizjiberirbizmi? jiberirmibiz?will we send? | sizjiberirmisiz?will you all send? | alajiberirlemi? jiberirmile?will they send? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menjibermezmemi? jibermezmime?won't I send? | senjibermezmise?won't you send? | oljibermezmi?won't he send? | bizjibermezbizmi? jibermezmibiz?won't we send? | sizjibermezmisiz?won't you all send? | alajibermezlemi? jibermezmile?won't they send? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjiberlikme1jiberrikmeI am going to send | senjiberlikse1jiberrikseyou are going to send | oljiberlikdi1jiberrikdihe is going to send | bizjiberlikbiz1jiberrikbizwe are going to send | sizjiberliksiz1jiberriksizyou all are going to send | alajiberlikdile1jiberrikdilethey are going to send |
| Definite future (future II) | menjiberlik tülme1jiberrik tülmeI am not going to send | senjiberlik tülse1jiberrik tülseyou are not going to send | oljiberlik tüldü1jiberrik tüldühe is not going to send | bizjiberlik tülbüz1jiberrik tülbüzwe are not going to send | sizjiberlik tülsüz1jiberrik tülsüzyou all are not going to send | alajiberlik tüldüle1jiberrik tüldülethey are not going to send |
| Definite future (future II) | menjiberlikmemi?1 jiberlikmime?jiberrikmemi?am I going to send? | senjiberlikmise?1jiberrikmise?are you going to send? | oljiberlikmidi?1jiberrikmidi?is he going to send? | bizjiberlikbizmi?1 jiberlikmibiz?jiberrikbizmi?are we going to send? | sizjiberlikmisiz?1jiberrikmisiz?are you all going to send? | alajiberlikmidile?1jiberrikmidile?are they going to send? |
| Definite future (future II) | menjiberlik tülmüme?1jiberrik tülmüme?aren't I going to send? | senjiberlik tülmüse?1jiberrik tülmüse?aren't you going to send? | oljiberlik tülmüdü?1jiberrik tülmüdü?isn't he going to send? | bizjiberlik tülmübüz?1jiberrik tülmübüz?aren't we going to send? | sizjiberlik tülmüsüz?1jiberrik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to send? | alajiberlik tülmüdüle?1jiberrik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to send? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jiberrikdi
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjibergen edimjibergenemI had sent | senjibergen ediŋjibergeneŋyou had sent | oljibergen edijibergenedhe had sent | bizjibergen edikjibergenekwe had sent | sizjibergen edigizjibergenegizyou all had sent | alajibergen edilejibergenellethey had sent |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menjibermegen edimjibermegenemI hadn't sent | senjibermegen ediŋjibermegeneŋyou hadn't sent | oljibermegen edijibermegenedhe hadn't sent | bizjibermegen edikjibermegenekwe hadn't sent | sizjibermegen edigizjibermegenegizyou all hadn't sent | alajibermegen edilejibermegenellethey hadn't sent |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjibere edimjiberemI was sending | senjibere ediŋjibereŋyou were sending | oljibere edijiberedhe was sending | bizjibere edikjiberekwe were sending | sizjibere edigizjiberegizyou all were sending | alajibere edilejiberellethey were sending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menjibermey edimjibermeyemI wasn't sending | senjibermey ediŋjibermeyeŋyou weren't sending | oljibermey edijibermeyedhe wasn't sending | bizjibermey edikjibermeyekwe weren't sending | sizjibermey edigizjibermeyegizyou all weren't sending | alajibermey edilejibermeyellethey weren't sending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menjiberiwçen edimjiberiwçenemI used to send | senjiberiwçen ediŋjiberiwçeneŋyou used to send | oljiberiwçen edijiberiwçenedhe used to send | bizjiberiwçen edikjiberiwçenekwe used to send | sizjiberiwçen edigizjiberiwçenegizyou all used to send | alajiberiwçen edilejiberiwçenellethey used to send |
| Habitual past (used to) | menjibermewçen edimjibermewçenemI didn't use to send | senjibermewçen ediŋjibermewçeneŋyou didn't use to send | oljibermewçen edijibermewçenedhe didn't use to send | bizjibermewçen edikjibermewçenekwe didn't use to send | sizjibermewçen edigizjibermewçenegizyou all didn't use to send | alajibermewçen edilejibermewçenellethey didn't use to send |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljiberib edihe had sent and remained so | alajiberib edilethey had sent and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oljiberib tül edihe hadn't sent | alajiberib tül edilethey hadn't sent | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjiberib tura edimjiberib turaemI had kept sending | senjiberib tura ediŋjiberib turaeŋyou had kept sending | oljiberib tura edijiberib turaedhe had kept sending | bizjiberib tura edikjiberib turaekwe had kept sending | sizjiberib tura edigizjiberib turaegizyou all had kept sending | alajiberib tura edilejiberib turaellethey had kept sending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menjiberib turmay edimjiberib turmayemI hadn't kept sending | senjiberib turmay ediŋjiberib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept sending | oljiberib turmay edijiberib turmayedhe hadn't kept sending | bizjiberib turmay edikjiberib turmayekwe hadn't kept sending | sizjiberib turmay edigizjiberib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept sending | alajiberib turmay edilejiberib turmayellethey hadn't kept sending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjibere tura edimjibere turaemI was in the middle of sending | senjibere tura ediŋjibere turaeŋyou were in the middle of sending | oljibere tura edijibere turaedhe was in the middle of sending | bizjibere tura edikjibere turaekwe were in the middle of sending | sizjibere tura edigizjibere turaegizyou all were in the middle of sending | alajibere tura edilejibere turaellethey were in the middle of sending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menjibere turmay edimjibere turmayemI wasn't in the middle of sending | senjibere turmay ediŋjibere turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of sending | oljibere turmay edijibere turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of sending | bizjibere turmay edikjibere turmayekwe weren't in the middle of sending | sizjibere turmay edigizjibere turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of sending | alajibere turmay edilejibere turmayellethey weren't in the middle of sending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menjiberir edimjiberir emI would send | senjiberir ediŋjiberir eŋyou would send | oljiberir edijiberir edhe would send | bizjiberir edikjiberir ekwe would send | sizjiberir edigizjiberir egizyou all would send | alajiberir edilejiberir ellethey would send |
| Conditional result (would) | menjibermez edimjibermez emI wouldn't send | senjibermez ediŋjibermez eŋyou wouldn't send | oljibermez edijibermez edhe wouldn't send | bizjibermez edikjibermez ekwe wouldn't send | sizjibermez edigizjibermez egizyou all wouldn't send | alajibermez edilejibermez ellethey wouldn't send |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjiberlik edim2jiberlik emjiberrik edimI would have sent | senjiberlik ediŋ2jiberlik eŋjiberrik ediŋyou would have sent | oljiberlik edi2jiberlik edjiberrik edihe would have sent | bizjiberlik edik2jiberlik ekjiberrik edikwe would have sent | sizjiberlik edigiz2jiberlik egizjiberrik edigizyou all would have sent | alajiberlik edile2jiberlik ellejiberrik edilethey would have sent |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menjiberlik tül edim2jiberlik tül emjiberrik tül edimI wouldn't have sent | senjiberlik tül ediŋ2jiberlik tül eŋjiberrik tül ediŋyou wouldn't have sent | oljiberlik tül edi2jiberlik tül edjiberrik tül edihe wouldn't have sent | bizjiberlik tül edik2jiberlik tül ekjiberrik tül edikwe wouldn't have sent | sizjiberlik tül edigiz2jiberlik tül egizjiberrik tül edigizyou all wouldn't have sent | alajiberlik tül edile2jiberlik tül ellejiberrik tül edilethey wouldn't have sent |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jiberrik edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menjibersemif I send | senjiberseŋif you send | oljiberseif he sends | bizjibersekif we send | sizjibersegizif you all send | alajiberseleif they send |
| Conditional | menjibermesemif I don't send | senjibermeseŋif you don't send | oljibermeseif he doesn't send | bizjibermesekif we don't send | sizjibermesegizif you all don't send | alajibermeseleif they don't send |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menjibere esemif I am sending | senjibere eseŋif you are sending | oljibere eseif he is sending | bizjibere esekif we are sending | sizjibere esegizif you all are sending | alajibere eseleif they are sending |
| Conditional, present real | menjibermey esemif I am not sending | senjibermey eseŋif you are not sending | oljibermey eseif he is not sending | bizjibermey esekif we are not sending | sizjibermey esegizif you all are not sending | alajibermey eseleif they are not sending |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjibersem edijibersem edif only I sent | senjiberseŋ edijiberseŋ edif only you sent | oljiberse edijibersedif only he sent | bizjibersek edijibersek edif only we sent | sizjibersegiz edijibersegiz edif only you all sent | alajibersele edijiberseledif only they sent |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menjibermesem edijibermesem edif only I didn't send | senjibermeseŋ edijibermeseŋ edif only you didn't send | oljibermese edijibermesedif only he didn't send | bizjibermesek edijibermesek edif only we didn't send | sizjibermesegiz edijibermesegiz edif only you all didn't send | alajibermesele edijibermeseledif only they didn't send |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menjiberib tursamif I carry on sending | senjiberib tursaŋif you carry on sending | oljiberib tursaif he carries on sending | bizjiberib tursaqif we carry on sending | sizjiberib tursağızif you all carry on sending | alajiberib tursalaif they carry on sending |
| Durative conditional | menjiberib turmasamif I don't carry on sending | senjiberib turmasaŋif you don't carry on sending | oljiberib turmasaif he doesn't carry on sending | bizjiberib turmasaqif we don't carry on sending | sizjiberib turmasağızif you all don't carry on sending | alajiberib turmasalaif they don't carry on sending |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menjiberib tura esemif I have kept sending | senjiberib tura eseŋif you have kept sending | oljiberib tura eseif he has kept sending | bizjiberib tura esekif we have kept sending | sizjiberib tura esegizif you all have kept sending | alajiberib tura eseleif they have kept sending |
| Durative conditional, present real | menjiberib turmay esemif I haven't kept sending | senjiberib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept sending | oljiberib turmay eseif he hasn't kept sending | bizjiberib turmay esekif we haven't kept sending | sizjiberib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept sending | alajiberib turmay eseleif they haven't kept sending |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menjibere tursamif I keep sending | senjibere tursaŋif you keep sending | oljibere tursaif he keeps sending | bizjibere tursaqif we keep sending | sizjibere tursağızif you all keep sending | alajibere tursalaif they keep sending |
| Progressive conditional | menjibermey tursamif I keep on not sending | senjibermey tursaŋif you keep on not sending | oljibermey tursaif he keeps on not sending | bizjibermey tursaqif we keep on not sending | sizjibermey tursağızif you all keep on not sending | alajibermey tursalaif they keep on not sending |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjibere tura esemif I am in the middle of sending | senjibere tura eseŋif you are in the middle of sending | oljibere tura eseif he is in the middle of sending | bizjibere tura esekif we are in the middle of sending | sizjibere tura esegizif you all are in the middle of sending | alajibere tura eseleif they are in the middle of sending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menjibermey tura esemif I keep on not sending | senjibermey tura eseŋif you keep on not sending | oljibermey tura eseif he keeps on not sending | bizjibermey tura esekif we keep on not sending | sizjibermey tura esegizif you all keep on not sending | alajibermey tura eseleif they keep on not sending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjiberdim esemif I sent | senjiberdiŋ eseŋif you sent | oljiberdi eseif he sent | bizjiberdik esekif we sent | sizjiberdigiz esegizif you all sent | alajiberdile eseleif they sent |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menjibermedim esemif I didn't send | senjibermediŋ eseŋif you didn't send | oljibermedi eseif he didn't send | bizjibermedik esekif we didn't send | sizjibermedigiz esegizif you all didn't send | alajibermedile eseleif they didn't send |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menjibergen esemif I did send (indeed) | senjibergen eseŋif you did send (indeed) | oljibergen eseif he did send (indeed) | bizjibergen esekif we did send (indeed) | sizjibergen esegizif you all did send (indeed) | alajibergen eseleif they did send (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menjibermegen esemif I didn't send (indeed) | senjibermegen eseŋif you didn't send (indeed) | oljibermegen eseif he didn't send (indeed) | bizjibermegen esekif we didn't send (indeed) | sizjibermegen esegizif you all didn't send (indeed) | alajibermegen eseleif they didn't send (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjibergen bolsamif I had sent | senjibergen bolsaŋif you had sent | oljibergen bolsaif he had sent | bizjibergen bolsaqif we had sent | sizjibergen bolsağızif you all had sent | alajibergen bolsalaif they had sent |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menjibermegen bolsamif I hadn't sent | senjibermegen bolsaŋif you hadn't sent | oljibermegen bolsaif he hadn't sent | bizjibermegen bolsaqif we hadn't sent | sizjibermegen bolsağızif you all hadn't sent | alajibermegen bolsalaif they hadn't sent |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjibergen bolsam edijibergen bolsam edif only I had sent | senjibergen bolsaŋ edijibergen bolsaŋ edif only you had sent | oljibergen bolsa edijibergen bolsaedif only he had sent | bizjibergen bolsaq edijibergen bolsaq edif only we had sent | sizjibergen bolsağız edijibergen bolsağız edif only you all had sent | alajibergen bolsala edijibergen bolsalaedif only they had sent |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menjibermegen bolsam edijibermegen bolsam edif only I hadn't sent | senjibermegen bolsaŋ edijibermegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't sent | oljibermegen bolsa edijibermegen bolsaedif only he hadn't sent | bizjibermegen bolsaq edijibermegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't sent | sizjibermegen bolsağız edijibermegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't sent | alajibermegen bolsala edijibermegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't sent |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menjiberir esemif I will send | senjiberir eseŋif you will send | oljiberir eseif he will send | bizjiberir esekif we will send | sizjiberir esegizif you all will send | alajiberir eseleif they will send |
| Conditional, aorist | menjibermez esemif I won't send | senjibermez eseŋif you won't send | oljibermez eseif he won't send | bizjibermez esekif we won't send | sizjibermez esegizif you all won't send | alajibermez eseleif they won't send |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menjiberlik esem4jiberrik esemif I am going to send | senjiberlik eseŋ4jiberrik eseŋif you are going to send | oljiberlik ese4jiberrik eseif he is going to send | bizjiberlik esek4jiberrik esekif we are going to send | sizjiberlik esegiz4jiberrik esegizif you all are going to send | alajiberlik esele4jiberrik eseleif they are going to send |
| Conditional, future | menjiberlik tül esem4jiberrik tül esemif I am not going to send | senjiberlik tül eseŋ4jiberrik tül eseŋif you are not going to send | oljiberlik tül ese4jiberrik tül eseif he is not going to send | bizjiberlik tül esek4jiberrik tül esekif we are not going to send | sizjiberlik tül esegiz4jiberrik tül esegizif you all are not going to send | alajiberlik tül esele4jiberrik tül eseleif they are not going to send |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjiberlik bolsam5jiberrik bolsamif I were going to send | senjiberlik bolsaŋ5jiberrik bolsaŋif you were going to send | oljiberlik bolsa5jiberrik bolsaif he were going to send | bizjiberlik bolsaq5jiberrik bolsaqif we were going to send | sizjiberlik bolsağız5jiberrik bolsağızif you all were going to send | alajiberlik bolsala5jiberrik bolsalaif they were going to send |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menjibermezlik bolsamif I were not going to send | senjibermezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to send | oljibermezlik bolsaif he were not going to send | bizjibermezlik bolsaqif we were not going to send | sizjibermezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to send | alajibermezlik bolsalaif they were not going to send |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso jiberdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jiberrik ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jiberrik bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjibere bolurmaI must be sending | senjibere bolursayou must be sending | oljibere bolurhe must be sending | bizjibere bolurbuzwe must be sending | sizjibere bolursuzyou all must be sending | alajibere bolurlathey must be sending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menjibermey bolurmaI must not be sending | senjibermey bolursayou must not be sending | oljibermey bolurhe must not be sending | bizjibermey bolurbuzwe must not be sending | sizjibermey bolursuzyou all must not be sending | alajibermey bolurlathey must not be sending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjibere tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of sending | senjibere tura bolursayou must be in the middle of sending | oljibere tura bolurhe must be in the middle of sending | bizjibere tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of sending | sizjibere tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of sending | alajibere tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of sending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menjibermey tura bolurmaI must keep on not sending | senjibermey tura bolursayou must keep on not sending | oljibermey tura bolurhe must keep on not sending | bizjibermey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not sending | sizjibermey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not sending | alajibermey tura bolurlathey must keep on not sending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menjibergen bolurmaI must have sent | senjibergen bolursayou must have sent | oljibergen bolurhe must have sent | bizjibergen bolurbuzwe must have sent | sizjibergen bolursuzyou all must have sent | alajibergen bolurlathey must have sent |
| Inference (must have) | menjibermegen bolurmaI must not have sent | senjibermegen bolursayou must not have sent | oljibermegen bolurhe must not have sent | bizjibermegen bolurbuzwe must not have sent | sizjibermegen bolursuzyou all must not have sent | alajibermegen bolurlathey must not have sent |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjiberlik bolurma6jiberrik bolurmaI must be going to send | senjiberlik bolursa6jiberrik bolursayou must be going to send | oljiberlik bolur6jiberrik bolurhe must be going to send | bizjiberlik bolurbuz6jiberrik bolurbuzwe must be going to send | sizjiberlik bolursuz6jiberrik bolursuzyou all must be going to send | alajiberlik bolurla6jiberrik bolurlathey must be going to send |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menjibermezlik bolurmaI must not be going to send | senjibermezlik bolursayou must not be going to send | oljibermezlik bolurhe must not be going to send | bizjibermezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to send | sizjibermezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to send | alajibermezlik bolurlathey must not be going to send |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so jiberrik bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menjibereyimlet me send | senjiber!send! | oljibersinlet him send | bizjibereyiklet's send | sizjiberigiz!send, you all! | alajibersinlelet them send |
| Commands & suggestions | menjibermeyimlet me not send | senjiberme!don't send! | oljibermesinlet him not send | bizjibermeyiklet's not send | sizjibermegiz!don't send, you all! | alajibermesinlelet them not send |
| Commands & suggestions | menjibereyimmi?shall I send? | oljibersinmi?should he send? | bizjibereyikmi?shall we send? | alajibersinlemi?should they send? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menjibermeyimmi?shall I not send? | oljibermesinmi?should he not send? | bizjibermeyikmi?shall we not send? | alajibermesinlemi?should they not send? | ||
| Requests | senjiberçi7jiberçinplease send | oljibersinçido let him send | sizjiberçigizplease send (plural/polite) | alajibersinleçido let them send | ||
| Requests | senjibermeçi7jibermeçinplease don't send | oljibermesinçido let him not send | sizjibermeçigizplease don't send (plural/polite) | alajibermesinleçido let them not send | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjiberginjibergimay you send | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senjibermeginjibermegimay you not send | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjibergey edim jiberge edimwould that I sent | senjibergey ediŋ jiberge ediŋwould that you sent | oljibergey edi jiberge ediwould that he sent | bizjibergey edik jiberge edikwould that we sent | sizjibergey edigiz jiberge edigizwould that you all sent | alajibergey edile jiberge edilewould that they sent |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menjibermegey edim jibermege edimwould that I did not send | senjibermegey ediŋ jibermege ediŋwould that you did not send | oljibermegey edi jibermege ediwould that he did not send | bizjibermegey edik jibermege edikwould that we did not send | sizjibermegey edigiz jibermege edigizwould that you all did not send | alajibermegey edile jibermege edilewould that they did not send |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjibermege qoyayımjiberme qoyayımlet me allow someone to send | senjibermege qoy!jiberme qoy!let someone send! | oljibermege qoysunjiberme qoysunlet him allow someone to send | bizjibermege qoyayıqjiberme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to send | sizjibermege qoyuğuz!jiberme qoyuğuz!let someone send, you all! | alajibermege qoysunlajiberme qoysunlalet them allow someone to send |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjibermege qoymayımjiberme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to send | senjibermege qoyma!jiberme qoyma!don't let someone send! | oljibermege qoymasınjiberme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to send | bizjibermege qoymayıqjiberme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to send | sizjibermege qoymağız!jiberme qoymağız!don't let someone send, you all! | alajibermege qoymasınlajiberme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to send |
| Let someone… (commands) | menjibermege qoyayımmı?jiberme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoysunmu?jiberme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoyayıqmı?jiberme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoysunlamı?jiberme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to send? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menjibermege qoymayımmı?jiberme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoymasınmı?jiberme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoymayıqmı?jiberme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoymasınlamı?jiberme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to send? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menjibermege qoyamajiberme qoyamaI allow someone to send | senjibermege qoyasajiberme qoyasayou allow someone to send | oljibermege qoyadıjiberme qoyadıhe allows someone to send | bizjibermege qoyabızjiberme qoyabızwe allow someone to send | sizjibermege qoyasızjiberme qoyasızyou all allow someone to send | alajibermege qoyadılajiberme qoyadılathey allow someone to send |
| Let someone… (present) | menjibermege qoymaymajiberme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to send | senjibermege qoymaysajiberme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to send | oljibermege qoymaydıjiberme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to send | bizjibermege qoymaybızjiberme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to send | sizjibermege qoymaysızjiberme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to send | alajibermege qoymaydılajiberme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to send |
| Let someone… (present) | menjibermege qoyamamı?jiberme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to send? | senjibermege qoyamısa?jiberme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoyamıdı?jiberme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoyabızmı?jiberme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to send? | sizjibermege qoyamısız?jiberme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoyamıdıla?jiberme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to send? |
| Let someone… (present) | menjibermege qoymaymamı?jiberme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to send? | senjibermege qoymaymısa?jiberme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoymaymıdı?jiberme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoymaybızmı?jiberme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to send? | sizjibermege qoymaymısız?jiberme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoymaymıdıla?jiberme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to send? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjibermege qoydumjiberme qoydumI allowed someone to send | senjibermege qoyduŋjiberme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to send | oljibermege qoydujiberme qoyduhe allowed someone to send | bizjibermege qoyduqjiberme qoyduqwe allowed someone to send | sizjibermege qoyduğuzjiberme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to send | alajibermege qoydulajiberme qoydulathey allowed someone to send |
| Let someone… (past) | menjibermege qoymadımjiberme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to send | senjibermege qoymadıŋjiberme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to send | oljibermege qoymadıjiberme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to send | bizjibermege qoymadıqjiberme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to send | sizjibermege qoymadığızjiberme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to send | alajibermege qoymadılajiberme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to send |
| Let someone… (past) | menjibermege qoydummu?jiberme qoydummu?did I allow someone to send? | senjibermege qoyduŋmu?jiberme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoydumu?jiberme qoydumu?did he allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoyduqmu?jiberme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to send? | sizjibermege qoyduğuzmu?jiberme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoydulamı?jiberme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to send? |
| Let someone… (past) | menjibermege qoymadımmı?jiberme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to send? | senjibermege qoymadıŋmı?jiberme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to send? | oljibermege qoymadımı?jiberme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to send? | bizjibermege qoymadıqmı?jiberme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to send? | sizjibermege qoymadığızmı?jiberme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to send? | alajibermege qoymadılamı?jiberme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to send? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menjiberalamaI can send | senjiberalasayou can send | oljiberaladıhe can send | bizjiberalabızwe can send | sizjiberalasızyou all can send | alajiberaladılathey can send |
| Ability — present | menjiberalmaymaI can't send | senjiberalmaysayou can't send | oljiberalmaydıhe can't send | bizjiberalmaybızwe can't send | sizjiberalmaysızyou all can't send | alajiberalmaydılathey can't send |
| Ability — present | menjiberalamamı? jiberalamıma?can I send? | senjiberalamısa?can you send? | oljiberalamıdı?can he send? | bizjiberalabızmı? jiberalamıbız?can we send? | sizjiberalamısız?can you all send? | alajiberalamıdıla?can they send? |
| Ability — present | menjiberalmaymamı? jiberalmaymıma?can't I send? | senjiberalmaymısa?can't you send? | oljiberalmaymıdı?can't he send? | bizjiberalmaybızmı? jiberalmaymıbız?can't we send? | sizjiberalmaymısız?can't you all send? | alajiberalmaymıdıla?can't they send? |
| Ability — if I can… | menjiberalsamif I can send | senjiberalsaŋif you can send | oljiberalsaif he can send | bizjiberalsaqif we can send | sizjiberalsağızif you all can send | alajiberalsalaif they can send |
| Ability — if I can… | menjiberalmasamif I can't send | senjiberalmasaŋif you can't send | oljiberalmasaif he can't send | bizjiberalmasaqif we can't send | sizjiberalmasağızif you all can't send | alajiberalmasalaif they can't send |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menjiberaldımI was able to send | senjiberaldıŋyou were able to send | oljiberaldıhe was able to send | bizjiberaldıqwe were able to send | sizjiberaldığızyou all were able to send | alajiberaldılathey were able to send |
| Ability — simple past | menjiberalmadımI could not send | senjiberalmadıŋyou could not send | oljiberalmadıhe could not send | bizjiberalmadıqwe could not send | sizjiberalmadığızyou all could not send | alajiberalmadılathey could not send |
| Ability — simple past | menjiberaldımmı?was I able to send? | senjiberaldıŋmı?were you able to send? | oljiberaldımı?was he able to send? | bizjiberaldıqmı?were we able to send? | sizjiberaldığızmı?were you all able to send? | alajiberaldılamı?were they able to send? |
| Ability — simple past | menjiberalmadımmı?couldn't I send? | senjiberalmadıŋmı?couldn't you send? | oljiberalmadımı?couldn't he send? | bizjiberalmadıqmı?couldn't we send? | sizjiberalmadığızmı?couldn't you all send? | alajiberalmadılamı?couldn't they send? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjiberalğanmaI have been able to send | senjiberalğansayou have been able to send | oljiberalğandıhe has been able to send | bizjiberalğanbızwe have been able to send | sizjiberalğansızyou all have been able to send | alajiberalğandılathey have been able to send |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjiberalmağanmaI haven't been able to send | senjiberalmağansayou haven't been able to send | oljiberalmağandıhe hasn't been able to send | bizjiberalmağanbızwe haven't been able to send | sizjiberalmağansızyou all haven't been able to send | alajiberalmağandılathey haven't been able to send |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjiberalğanmamı? jiberalğanmıma?have I been able to send? | senjiberalğanmısa?have you been able to send? | oljiberalğanmıdı?has he been able to send? | bizjiberalğanbızmı? jiberalğanmıbız?have we been able to send? | sizjiberalğanmısız?have you all been able to send? | alajiberalğanmıdıla?have they been able to send? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menjiberalmağanmamı? jiberalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to send? | senjiberalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to send? | oljiberalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to send? | bizjiberalmağanbızmı? jiberalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to send? | sizjiberalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to send? | alajiberalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to send? |
| Ability — past perfect | menjiberalğan edimjiberalğanemI had been able to send | senjiberalğan ediŋjiberalğaneŋyou had been able to send | oljiberalğan edijiberalğanedhe had been able to send | bizjiberalğan edikjiberalğanekwe had been able to send | sizjiberalğan edigizjiberalğanegizyou all had been able to send | alajiberalğan edilejiberalğanellethey had been able to send |
| Ability — past perfect | menjiberalmağan edimjiberalmağanemI hadn't been able to send | senjiberalmağan ediŋjiberalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to send | oljiberalmağan edijiberalmağanedhe hadn't been able to send | bizjiberalmağan edikjiberalmağanekwe hadn't been able to send | sizjiberalmağan edigizjiberalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to send | alajiberalmağan edilejiberalmağanellethey hadn't been able to send |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menjiberala edimjiberalaemI could send | senjiberala ediŋjiberalaeŋyou could send | oljiberala edijiberalaedhe could send | bizjiberala edikjiberalaekwe could send | sizjiberala edigizjiberalaegizyou all could send | alajiberala edilejiberalaellethey could send |
| Ability — past background | menjiberalmay edimjiberalmayemI could not send | senjiberalmay ediŋjiberalmayeŋyou could not send | oljiberalmay edijiberalmayedhe could not send | bizjiberalmay edikjiberalmayekwe could not send | sizjiberalmay edigizjiberalmayegizyou all could not send | alajiberalmay edilejiberalmayellethey could not send |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menjiberalırmaI will be able to send | senjiberalırsayou will be able to send | oljiberalırhe will be able to send | bizjiberalırbızwe will be able to send | sizjiberalırsızyou all will be able to send | alajiberalırlathey will be able to send |
| Ability — future I | menjiberalmazmaI won't be able to send | senjiberalmazsayou won't be able to send | oljiberalmazhe won't be able to send | bizjiberalmazbızwe won't be able to send | sizjiberalmazsızyou all won't be able to send | alajiberalmazlathey won't be able to send |
| Ability — future I | menjiberalırmamı? jiberalırmıma?will I be able to send? | senjiberalırmısa?will you be able to send? | oljiberalırmı?will he be able to send? | bizjiberalırbızmı? jiberalırmıbız?will we be able to send? | sizjiberalırmısız?will you all be able to send? | alajiberalırlamı? jiberalırmıla?will they be able to send? |
| Ability — future I | menjiberalmazmamı? jiberalmazmıma?won't I be able to send? | senjiberalmazmısa?won't you be able to send? | oljiberalmazmı?won't he be able to send? | bizjiberalmazbızmı? jiberalmazmıbız?won't we be able to send? | sizjiberalmazmısız?won't you all be able to send? | alajiberalmazlamı? jiberalmazmıla?won't they be able to send? |
| Ability — future II | menjiberallıqmaI am going to be able to send | senjiberallıqsayou are going to be able to send | oljiberallıqdıhe is going to be able to send | bizjiberallıqbızwe are going to be able to send | sizjiberallıqsızyou all are going to be able to send | alajiberallıqdılathey are going to be able to send |
| Ability — future II | menjiberallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to send | senjiberallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to send | oljiberallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to send | bizjiberallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to send | sizjiberallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to send | alajiberallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to send |
| Ability — future II | menjiberallıqmamı? jiberallıqmıma?am I going to be able to send? | senjiberallıqmısa?are you going to be able to send? | oljiberallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to send? | bizjiberallıqbızmı? jiberallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to send? | sizjiberallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to send? | alajiberallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to send? |
| Ability — future II | menjiberallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to send? | senjiberallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to send? | oljiberallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to send? | bizjiberallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to send? | sizjiberallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to send? | alajiberallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to send? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjiberalır edimjiberalır emI would be able to send | senjiberalır ediŋjiberalır eŋyou would be able to send | oljiberalır edijiberalır edhe would be able to send | bizjiberalır edikjiberalır ekwe would be able to send | sizjiberalır edigizjiberalır egizyou all would be able to send | alajiberalır edilejiberalır ellethey would be able to send |
| Ability — would be able to… | menjiberalmaz edimjiberalmaz emI wouldn't be able to send | senjiberalmaz ediŋjiberalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to send | oljiberalmaz edijiberalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to send | bizjiberalmaz edikjiberalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to send | sizjiberalmaz edigizjiberalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to send | alajiberalmaz edilejiberalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to send |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjiberalğınjiberalğımay you be able to send | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senjiberalmağınjiberalmağımay you not be able to send | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menjiberirge izleymeI want to send | senjiberirge izleyseyou want to send | oljiberirge izleydihe wants to send | bizjiberirge izleybizwe want to send | sizjiberirge izleysizyou all want to send | alajiberirge izleydilethey want to send |
| want to | menjiberirge izlemeymeI do not want to send | senjiberirge izlemeyseyou do not want to send | oljiberirge izlemeydihe does not want to send | bizjiberirge izlemeybizwe do not want to send | sizjiberirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to send | alajiberirge izlemeydilethey do not want to send |
| would like to | menjiberirge süemeI would like to send | senjiberirge süeseyou would like to send | oljiberirge süedihe would like to send | bizjiberirge süebizwe would like to send | sizjiberirge süesizyou all would like to send | alajiberirge süedilethey would like to send |
| would like to | menjiberirge süymeymeI would not like to send | senjiberirge süymeyseyou would not like to send | oljiberirge süymeydihe would not like to send | bizjiberirge süymeybizwe would not like to send | sizjiberirge süymeysizyou all would not like to send | alajiberirge süymeydilethey would not like to send |
| hope to | menjiberirge umutlanamaI hope to send | senjiberirge umutlanasayou hope to send | oljiberirge umutlanadıhe hopes to send | bizjiberirge umutlanabızwe hope to send | sizjiberirge umutlanasızyou all hope to send | alajiberirge umutlanadılathey hope to send |
| hope to | menjiberirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to send | senjiberirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to send | oljiberirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to send | bizjiberirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to send | sizjiberirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to send | alajiberirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to send |
| be about to | menjiberirge deb turamaI am about to send | senjiberirge deb turasayou are about to send | oljiberirge deb turadıhe is about to send | bizjiberirge deb turabızwe are about to send | sizjiberirge deb turasızyou all are about to send | alajiberirge deb turadılathey are about to send |
| be about to | menjiberirge deb turmaymaI am not about to send | senjiberirge deb turmaysayou are not about to send | oljiberirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to send | bizjiberirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to send | sizjiberirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to send | alajiberirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to send |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menjiberirge kerekmeI need to send | senjiberirge kerekseyou need to send | oljiberirge kerekdihe needs to send | bizjiberirge kerekbizwe need to send | sizjiberirge kereksizyou all need to send | alajiberirge kerekdilethey need to send |
| need to | menjiberirge kerek tülmeI do not need to send | senjiberirge kerek tülseyou do not need to send | oljiberirge kerek tüldühe does not need to send | bizjiberirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to send | sizjiberirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to send | alajiberirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to send |
| have to | menmenŋe jiberirge tüşediI have to send | sensenŋe jiberirge tüşediyou have to send | olaŋa jiberirge tüşedihe has to send | bizbizge jiberirge tüşediwe have to send | sizsizge jiberirge tüşediyou all have to send | alaalağa jiberirge tüşedithey have to send |
| have to | menmenŋe jiberirge tüşmeydiI do not have to send | sensenŋe jiberirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to send | olaŋa jiberirge tüşmeydihe does not have to send | bizbizge jiberirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to send | sizsizge jiberirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to send | alaalağa jiberirge tüşmeydithey do not have to send |
| be obliged to | menjiberirge borçlumaI am obliged to send | senjiberirge borçlusayou are obliged to send | oljiberirge borçluduhe is obliged to send | bizjiberirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to send | sizjiberirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to send | alajiberirge borçludulathey are obliged to send |
| be obliged to | menjiberirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to send | senjiberirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to send | oljiberirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to send | bizjiberirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to send | sizjiberirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to send | alajiberirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to send |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menjiberirge madarım bardıI have a way to send | senjiberirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to send | oljiberirge madarı bardıhe has a way to send | bizjiberirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to send | sizjiberirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to send | alajiberirge madarları bardıthey have a way to send |
| have a way to | menjiberirge madarım joqduI have no way to send | senjiberirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to send | oljiberirge madarı joqduhe has no way to send | bizjiberirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to send | sizjiberirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to send | alajiberirge madarları joqduthey have no way to send |
| be free to | menjiberirge erkinligim bardıI am free to send | senjiberirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to send | oljiberirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to send | bizjiberirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to send | sizjiberirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to send | alajiberirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to send |
| be free to | menjiberirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to send | senjiberirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to send | oljiberirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to send | bizjiberirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to send | sizjiberirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to send | alajiberirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to send |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for me to send | sensenŋe jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for you to send | olaŋa jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for him to send | bizbizge jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for us to send | sizsizge jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to send | alaalağa jiberirge bolluqduit is possible for them to send |
| be possible to | menmenŋe jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to send | sensenŋe jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to send | olaŋa jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to send | bizbizge jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to send | sizsizge jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to send | alaalağa jiberirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to send |
| be ready to | menjiberirge hazırmaI am ready to send | senjiberirge hazırsayou are ready to send | oljiberirge hazırdıhe is ready to send | bizjiberirge hazırbızwe are ready to send | sizjiberirge hazırsızyou all are ready to send | alajiberirge hazırdılathey are ready to send |
| be ready to | menjiberirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to send | senjiberirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to send | oljiberirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to send | bizjiberirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to send | sizjiberirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to send | alajiberirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to send |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menjiberirge küreşemeI am trying to send | senjiberirge küreşeseyou are trying to send | oljiberirge küreşedihe is trying to send | bizjiberirge küreşebizwe are trying to send | sizjiberirge küreşesizyou all are trying to send | alajiberirge küreşedilethey are trying to send |
| try to | menjiberirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to send | senjiberirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to send | oljiberirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to send | bizjiberirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to send | sizjiberirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to send | alajiberirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to send |
| agree to | menjiberirge unaymaI agree to send | senjiberirge unaysayou agree to send | oljiberirge unaydıhe agrees to send | bizjiberirge unaybızwe agree to send | sizjiberirge unaysızyou all agree to send | alajiberirge unaydılathey agree to send |
| agree to | menjiberirge unamaymaI refuse to send | senjiberirge unamaysayou refuse to send | oljiberirge unamaydıhe refuses to send | bizjiberirge unamaybızwe refuse to send | sizjiberirge unamaysızyou all refuse to send | alajiberirge unamaydılathey refuse to send |
| hurry to | menjiberirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to send | senjiberirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to send | oljiberirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to send | bizjiberirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to send | sizjiberirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to send | alajiberirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to send |
| hurry to | menjiberirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to send | senjiberirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to send | oljiberirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to send | bizjiberirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to send | sizjiberirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to send | alajiberirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to send |
| be afraid to | menjiberirge qorqamaI am afraid to send | senjiberirge qorqasayou are afraid to send | oljiberirge qorqadıhe is afraid to send | bizjiberirge qorqabızwe are afraid to send | sizjiberirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to send | alajiberirge qorqadılathey are afraid to send |
| be afraid to | menjiberirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to send | senjiberirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to send | oljiberirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to send | bizjiberirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to send | sizjiberirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to send | alajiberirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to send |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menjibere bolmazmaI can't be sending | senjibere bolmazsayou can't be sending | oljibere bolmazhe can't be sending | bizjibere bolmazbızwe can't be sending | sizjibere bolmazsızyou all can't be sending | alajibere bolmazlathey can't be sending |
| Inference, present — double negation | menjibermey bolmazmaI must be sending (emphatic) | senjibermey bolmazsayou must be sending (emphatic) | oljibermey bolmazhe must be sending (emphatic) | bizjibermey bolmazbızwe must be sending (emphatic) | sizjibermey bolmazsızyou all must be sending (emphatic) | alajibermey bolmazlathey must be sending (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menjibere turmasamif I don't keep sending | senjibere turmasaŋif you don't keep sending | oljibere turmasaif he doesn't keep sending | bizjibere turmasaqif we don't keep sending | sizjibere turmasağızif you all don't keep sending | alajibere turmasalaif they don't keep sending |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menjibere tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of sending | senjibere tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of sending | oljibere tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of sending | bizjibere tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of sending | sizjibere tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of sending | alajibere tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of sending |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menjibermey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not sending (emphatic) | senjibermey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not sending (emphatic) | oljibermey tura bolmazhe must keep on not sending (emphatic) | bizjibermey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not sending (emphatic) | sizjibermey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not sending (emphatic) | alajibermey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not sending (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menjibermey turamaI keep on not sending | senjibermey turasayou keep on not sending | oljibermey turadıhe keeps on not sending | bizjibermey turabızwe keep on not sending | sizjibermey turasızyou all keep on not sending | alajibermey turadılathey keep on not sending |
| Progressive — double negation | menjibermey turmaymaI am not keeping on not sending | senjibermey turmaysayou are not keeping on not sending | oljibermey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not sending | bizjibermey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not sending | sizjibermey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not sending | alajibermey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not sending |
| Progressive — double negation | menjibermey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not sending? | senjibermey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not sending? | oljibermey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not sending? | bizjibermey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not sending? | sizjibermey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not sending? | alajibermey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not sending? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menjibergen bolmazmaI can't have sent | senjibergen bolmazsayou can't have sent | oljibergen bolmazhe can't have sent | bizjibergen bolmazbızwe can't have sent | sizjibergen bolmazsızyou all can't have sent | alajibergen bolmazlathey can't have sent |
| Inference — double negation | menjibermegen bolmazmaI must have sent (emphatic) | senjibermegen bolmazsayou must have sent (emphatic) | oljibermegen bolmazhe must have sent (emphatic) | bizjibermegen bolmazbızwe must have sent (emphatic) | sizjibermegen bolmazsızyou all must have sent (emphatic) | alajibermegen bolmazlathey must have sent (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menjibergen bolmasamif it weren't that I had sent | senjibergen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had sent | oljibergen bolmasaif it weren't that he had sent | bizjibergen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had sent | sizjibergen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had sent | alajibergen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had sent |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menjibermegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't sent | senjibermegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't sent | oljibermegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't sent | bizjibermegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't sent | sizjibermegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't sent | alajibermegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't sent |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menjiberlik bolmazmaI can't be going to send | senjiberlik bolmazsayou can't be going to send | oljiberlik bolmazhe can't be going to send | bizjiberlik bolmazbızwe can't be going to send | sizjiberlik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to send | alajiberlik bolmazlathey can't be going to send |
| Inference, future — double negation | menjibermezlik bolmazmaI must be going to send (emphatic) | senjibermezlik bolmazsayou must be going to send (emphatic) | oljibermezlik bolmazhe must be going to send (emphatic) | bizjibermezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to send (emphatic) | sizjibermezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to send (emphatic) | alajibermezlik bolmazlathey must be going to send (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menjiberlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to send | senjiberlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to send | oljiberlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to send | bizjiberlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to send | sizjiberlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to send | alajiberlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to send |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menjibermezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to send | senjibermezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to send | oljibermezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to send | bizjibermezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to send | sizjibermezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to send | alajibermezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to send |