bırğarğa
/bɯrʁarʁa/
1. throw, fling, toss aside — Also used for throwing someone to the ground, as in wrestling.
- keŋŋe bırğarğa — to fling it far away
- taşnı bırğarğa — to throw the stone
- bir janına bırğarğa — to toss it aside
- taşnı keŋŋe bırğadı — he flung the stone far away
- Soslannı tışına bırğadı — flung Soslan outside
- Domalay taba bırğarğa tebredi — he started to throw it toward Domalay
2. throw someone out, drive someone away, dismiss — Often used for removing someone from a job or post.
- üyden bırğarğa — to throw someone out of the house
- anı bırğadıla — they drove him out
- işden bırğağanlarında — when they threw me out of work
- jaşnı qulluqdan bırğadıla — they threw the young man out of his post
- anı joldan bırğarğa — to throw him out of the way
- bırğab ierge — to throw someone out for good
3. fling words about, talk carelessly one source
- söz bırğarğa — to fling words about
- awuzuna kelgenni bırğadı — he flung out whatever came to his mouth
- sözün bırğab aytadı — he tosses his words about as he speaks
- bılay söz bırğama — do not fling words about like that
Conjugation
Common forms
- bırğaydıhe is throwing
- bırğadıhe threw
- bırğağandıhe has thrown
- bırğarhe will throw
- bırğarıqdıhe is going to throw
- bırğay edihe was throwing
- bırğasaif he throws
- bırğa!throw!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğaymaI am throwing | senbırğaysayou are throwing | olbırğaydıhe is throwing | bizbırğaybızwe are throwing | sizbırğaysızyou all are throwing | alabırğaydılathey are throwing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğamaymaI am not throwing | senbırğamaysayou are not throwing | olbırğamaydıhe is not throwing | bizbırğamaybızwe are not throwing | sizbırğamaysızyou all are not throwing | alabırğamaydılathey are not throwing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğaymamı? bırğaymıma?am I throwing? | senbırğaymısa?are you throwing? | olbırğaymıdı?is he throwing? | bizbırğaybızmı? bırğaymıbız?are we throwing? | sizbırğaymısız?are you all throwing? | alabırğaymıdıla?are they throwing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbırğamaymamı? bırğamaymıma?aren't I throwing? | senbırğamaymısa?aren't you throwing? | olbırğamaymıdı?isn't he throwing? | bizbırğamaybızmı? bırğamaymıbız?aren't we throwing? | sizbırğamaymısız?aren't you all throwing? | alabırğamaymıdıla?aren't they throwing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğawçanmaI usually throw | senbırğawçansayou usually throw | olbırğawçandıhe usually throws | bizbırğawçanbızwe usually throw | sizbırğawçansızyou all usually throw | alabırğawçandılathey usually throw |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğamawçanmaI usually don't throw | senbırğamawçansayou usually don't throw | olbırğamawçandıhe usually doesn't throw | bizbırğamawçanbızwe usually don't throw | sizbırğamawçansızyou all usually don't throw | alabırğamawçandılathey usually don't throw |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğawçanmamı? bırğawçanmıma?do I usually throw? | senbırğawçanmısa?do you usually throw? | olbırğawçanmıdı?does he usually throw? | bizbırğawçanbızmı? bırğawçanmıbız?do we usually throw? | sizbırğawçanmısız?do you all usually throw? | alabırğawçanmıdıla?do they usually throw? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbırğamawçanmamı? bırğamawçanmıma?do I usually not throw? | senbırğamawçanmısa?do you usually not throw? | olbırğamawçanmıdı?does he usually not throw? | bizbırğamawçanbızmı? bırğamawçanmıbız?do we usually not throw? | sizbırğamawçanmısız?do you all usually not throw? | alabırğamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not throw? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbırğabdıhe has thrown and remains so | alabırğabdılathey have thrown and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbırğabmıdı?has he thrown? | alabırğabmıdıla?have they thrown? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğab turamaI keep throwing | senbırğab turasayou keep throwing | olbırğab turadıhe keeps throwing | bizbırğab turabızwe keep throwing | sizbırğab turasızyou all keep throwing | alabırğab turadılathey keep throwing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğab turmaymaI don't keep throwing | senbırğab turmaysayou don't keep throwing | olbırğab turmaydıhe doesn't keep throwing | bizbırğab turmaybızwe don't keep throwing | sizbırğab turmaysızyou all don't keep throwing | alabırğab turmaydılathey don't keep throwing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğab turamamı? bırğab turamıma?do I keep throwing? | senbırğab turamısa?do you keep throwing? | olbırğab turamıdı?does he keep throwing? | bizbırğab turabızmı? bırğab turamıbız?do we keep throwing? | sizbırğab turamısız?do you all keep throwing? | alabırğab turamıdıla?do they keep throwing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbırğab turmaymamı? bırğab turmaymıma?don't I keep throwing? | senbırğab turmaymısa?don't you keep throwing? | olbırğab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep throwing? | bizbırğab turmaybızmı? bırğab turmaymıbız?don't we keep throwing? | sizbırğab turmaymısız?don't you all keep throwing? | alabırğab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep throwing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğay turamaI am in the middle of throwing | senbırğay turasayou are in the middle of throwing | olbırğay turadıhe is in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay turabızwe are in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay turasızyou all are in the middle of throwing | alabırğay turadılathey are in the middle of throwing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğay turmaymaI am not in the middle of throwing | senbırğay turmaysayou are not in the middle of throwing | olbırğay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of throwing | alabırğay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of throwing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğay turamamı? bırğay turamıma?am I in the middle of throwing? | senbırğay turamısa?are you in the middle of throwing? | olbırğay turamıdı?is he in the middle of throwing? | bizbırğay turabızmı? bırğay turamıbız?are we in the middle of throwing? | sizbırğay turamısız?are you all in the middle of throwing? | alabırğay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of throwing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbırğay turmaymamı? bırğay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of throwing? | senbırğay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of throwing? | olbırğay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of throwing? | bizbırğay turmaybızmı? bırğay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of throwing? | sizbırğay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of throwing? | alabırğay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of throwing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğadımI threw | senbırğadıŋyou threw | olbırğadıhe threw | bizbırğadıqwe threw | sizbırğadığızyou all threw | alabırğadılathey threw |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğamadımI didn't throw | senbırğamadıŋyou didn't throw | olbırğamadıhe didn't throw | bizbırğamadıqwe didn't throw | sizbırğamadığızyou all didn't throw | alabırğamadılathey didn't throw |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğadımmı?did I throw? | senbırğadıŋmı?did you throw? | olbırğadımı?did he throw? | bizbırğadıqmı?did we throw? | sizbırğadığızmı?did you all throw? | alabırğadılamı?did they throw? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbırğamadımmı?didn't I throw? | senbırğamadıŋmı?didn't you throw? | olbırğamadımı?didn't he throw? | bizbırğamadıqmı?didn't we throw? | sizbırğamadığızmı?didn't you all throw? | alabırğamadılamı?didn't they throw? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğağanmaI have thrown | senbırğağansayou have thrown | olbırğağandıhe has thrown | bizbırğağanbızwe have thrown | sizbırğağansızyou all have thrown | alabırğağandılathey have thrown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğamağanmaI haven't thrown | senbırğamağansayou haven't thrown | olbırğamağandıhe hasn't thrown | bizbırğamağanbızwe haven't thrown | sizbırğamağansızyou all haven't thrown | alabırğamağandılathey haven't thrown |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğağanmamı? bırğağanmıma?have I thrown? | senbırğağanmısa?have you thrown? | olbırğağanmıdı?has he thrown? | bizbırğağanbızmı? bırğağanmıbız?have we thrown? | sizbırğağanmısız?have you all thrown? | alabırğağanmıdıla?have they thrown? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbırğamağanmamı? bırğamağanmıma?haven't I thrown? | senbırğamağanmısa?haven't you thrown? | olbırğamağanmıdı?hasn't he thrown? | bizbırğamağanbızmı? bırğamağanmıbız?haven't we thrown? | sizbırğamağanmısız?haven't you all thrown? | alabırğamağanmıdıla?haven't they thrown? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbırğab turdumI kept throwing | senbırğab turduŋyou kept throwing | olbırğab turduhe kept throwing | bizbırğab turduqwe kept throwing | sizbırğab turduğuzyou all kept throwing | alabırğab turdulathey kept throwing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbırğab turmadımI didn't keep throwing | senbırğab turmadıŋyou didn't keep throwing | olbırğab turmadıhe didn't keep throwing | bizbırğab turmadıqwe didn't keep throwing | sizbırğab turmadığızyou all didn't keep throwing | alabırğab turmadılathey didn't keep throwing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğarmaI will throw | senbırğarsayou will throw | olbırğarhe will throw | bizbırğarbızwe will throw | sizbırğarsızyou all will throw | alabırğarlathey will throw |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğamazmaI won't throw | senbırğamazsayou won't throw | olbırğamazhe won't throw | bizbırğamazbızwe won't throw | sizbırğamazsızyou all won't throw | alabırğamazlathey won't throw |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğarmamı? bırğarmıma?will I throw? | senbırğarmısa?will you throw? | olbırğarmı?will he throw? | bizbırğarbızmı? bırğarmıbız?will we throw? | sizbırğarmısız?will you all throw? | alabırğarlamı? bırğarmıla?will they throw? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbırğamazmamı? bırğamazmıma?won't I throw? | senbırğamazmısa?won't you throw? | olbırğamazmı?won't he throw? | bizbırğamazbızmı? bırğamazmıbız?won't we throw? | sizbırğamazmısız?won't you all throw? | alabırğamazlamı? bırğamazmıla?won't they throw? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğarıqmaI am going to throw | senbırğarıqsayou are going to throw | olbırğarıqdıhe is going to throw | bizbırğarıqbızwe are going to throw | sizbırğarıqsızyou all are going to throw | alabırğarıqdılathey are going to throw |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğarıq tülmeI am not going to throw | senbırğarıq tülseyou are not going to throw | olbırğarıq tüldühe is not going to throw | bizbırğarıq tülbüzwe are not going to throw | sizbırğarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to throw | alabırğarıq tüldülethey are not going to throw |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğarıqmamı? bırğarıqmıma?am I going to throw? | senbırğarıqmısa?are you going to throw? | olbırğarıqmıdı?is he going to throw? | bizbırğarıqbızmı? bırğarıqmıbız?are we going to throw? | sizbırğarıqmısız?are you all going to throw? | alabırğarıqmıdıla?are they going to throw? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbırğarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to throw? | senbırğarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to throw? | olbırğarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to throw? | bizbırğarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to throw? | sizbırğarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to throw? | alabırğarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to throw? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbırğağan edimbırğağanemI had thrown | senbırğağan ediŋbırğağaneŋyou had thrown | olbırğağan edibırğağanedhe had thrown | bizbırğağan edikbırğağanekwe had thrown | sizbırğağan edigizbırğağanegizyou all had thrown | alabırğağan edilebırğağanellethey had thrown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbırğamağan edimbırğamağanemI hadn't thrown | senbırğamağan ediŋbırğamağaneŋyou hadn't thrown | olbırğamağan edibırğamağanedhe hadn't thrown | bizbırğamağan edikbırğamağanekwe hadn't thrown | sizbırğamağan edigizbırğamağanegizyou all hadn't thrown | alabırğamağan edilebırğamağanellethey hadn't thrown |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbırğay edimbırğayemI was throwing | senbırğay ediŋbırğayeŋyou were throwing | olbırğay edibırğayedhe was throwing | bizbırğay edikbırğayekwe were throwing | sizbırğay edigizbırğayegizyou all were throwing | alabırğay edilebırğayellethey were throwing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbırğamay edimbırğamayemI wasn't throwing | senbırğamay ediŋbırğamayeŋyou weren't throwing | olbırğamay edibırğamayedhe wasn't throwing | bizbırğamay edikbırğamayekwe weren't throwing | sizbırğamay edigizbırğamayegizyou all weren't throwing | alabırğamay edilebırğamayellethey weren't throwing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbırğawçan edimbırğawçanemI used to throw | senbırğawçan ediŋbırğawçaneŋyou used to throw | olbırğawçan edibırğawçanedhe used to throw | bizbırğawçan edikbırğawçanekwe used to throw | sizbırğawçan edigizbırğawçanegizyou all used to throw | alabırğawçan edilebırğawçanellethey used to throw |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbırğamawçan edimbırğamawçanemI didn't use to throw | senbırğamawçan ediŋbırğamawçaneŋyou didn't use to throw | olbırğamawçan edibırğamawçanedhe didn't use to throw | bizbırğamawçan edikbırğamawçanekwe didn't use to throw | sizbırğamawçan edigizbırğamawçanegizyou all didn't use to throw | alabırğamawçan edilebırğamawçanellethey didn't use to throw |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbırğab edihe had thrown and remained so | alabırğab edilethey had thrown and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbırğab tül edihe hadn't thrown | alabırğab tül edilethey hadn't thrown | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbırğab tura edimbırğab turaemI had kept throwing | senbırğab tura ediŋbırğab turaeŋyou had kept throwing | olbırğab tura edibırğab turaedhe had kept throwing | bizbırğab tura edikbırğab turaekwe had kept throwing | sizbırğab tura edigizbırğab turaegizyou all had kept throwing | alabırğab tura edilebırğab turaellethey had kept throwing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbırğab turmay edimbırğab turmayemI hadn't kept throwing | senbırğab turmay ediŋbırğab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept throwing | olbırğab turmay edibırğab turmayedhe hadn't kept throwing | bizbırğab turmay edikbırğab turmayekwe hadn't kept throwing | sizbırğab turmay edigizbırğab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept throwing | alabırğab turmay edilebırğab turmayellethey hadn't kept throwing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbırğay tura edimbırğay turaemI was in the middle of throwing | senbırğay tura ediŋbırğay turaeŋyou were in the middle of throwing | olbırğay tura edibırğay turaedhe was in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay tura edikbırğay turaekwe were in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay tura edigizbırğay turaegizyou all were in the middle of throwing | alabırğay tura edilebırğay turaellethey were in the middle of throwing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbırğay turmay edimbırğay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of throwing | senbırğay turmay ediŋbırğay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of throwing | olbırğay turmay edibırğay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay turmay edikbırğay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay turmay edigizbırğay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of throwing | alabırğay turmay edilebırğay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of throwing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbırğar edimbırğar emI would throw | senbırğar ediŋbırğar eŋyou would throw | olbırğar edibırğar edhe would throw | bizbırğar edikbırğar ekwe would throw | sizbırğar edigizbırğar egizyou all would throw | alabırğar edilebırğar ellethey would throw |
| Conditional result (would) | menbırğamaz edimbırğamaz emI wouldn't throw | senbırğamaz ediŋbırğamaz eŋyou wouldn't throw | olbırğamaz edibırğamaz edhe wouldn't throw | bizbırğamaz edikbırğamaz ekwe wouldn't throw | sizbırğamaz edigizbırğamaz egizyou all wouldn't throw | alabırğamaz edilebırğamaz ellethey wouldn't throw |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbırğarıq edimbırğarıq emI would have thrown | senbırğarıq ediŋbırğarıq eŋyou would have thrown | olbırğarıq edibırğarıq edhe would have thrown | bizbırğarıq edikbırğarıq ekwe would have thrown | sizbırğarıq edigizbırğarıq egizyou all would have thrown | alabırğarıq edilebırğarıq ellethey would have thrown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbırğarıq tül edimbırğarıq tül emI wouldn't have thrown | senbırğarıq tül ediŋbırğarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have thrown | olbırğarıq tül edibırğarıq tül edhe wouldn't have thrown | bizbırğarıq tül edikbırğarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have thrown | sizbırğarıq tül edigizbırğarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have thrown | alabırğarıq tül edilebırğarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have thrown |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbırğasamif I throw | senbırğasaŋif you throw | olbırğasaif he throws | bizbırğasaqif we throw | sizbırğasağızif you all throw | alabırğasalaif they throw |
| Conditional | menbırğamasamif I don't throw | senbırğamasaŋif you don't throw | olbırğamasaif he doesn't throw | bizbırğamasaqif we don't throw | sizbırğamasağızif you all don't throw | alabırğamasalaif they don't throw |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbırğay esemif I am throwing | senbırğay eseŋif you are throwing | olbırğay eseif he is throwing | bizbırğay esekif we are throwing | sizbırğay esegizif you all are throwing | alabırğay eseleif they are throwing |
| Conditional, present real | menbırğamay esemif I am not throwing | senbırğamay eseŋif you are not throwing | olbırğamay eseif he is not throwing | bizbırğamay esekif we are not throwing | sizbırğamay esegizif you all are not throwing | alabırğamay eseleif they are not throwing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbırğasam edibırğasam edif only I threw | senbırğasaŋ edibırğasaŋ edif only you threw | olbırğasa edibırğasaedif only he threw | bizbırğasaq edibırğasaq edif only we threw | sizbırğasağız edibırğasağız edif only you all threw | alabırğasala edibırğasalaedif only they threw |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbırğamasam edibırğamasam edif only I didn't throw | senbırğamasaŋ edibırğamasaŋ edif only you didn't throw | olbırğamasa edibırğamasaedif only he didn't throw | bizbırğamasaq edibırğamasaq edif only we didn't throw | sizbırğamasağız edibırğamasağız edif only you all didn't throw | alabırğamasala edibırğamasalaedif only they didn't throw |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbırğab tursamif I carry on throwing | senbırğab tursaŋif you carry on throwing | olbırğab tursaif he carries on throwing | bizbırğab tursaqif we carry on throwing | sizbırğab tursağızif you all carry on throwing | alabırğab tursalaif they carry on throwing |
| Durative conditional | menbırğab turmasamif I don't carry on throwing | senbırğab turmasaŋif you don't carry on throwing | olbırğab turmasaif he doesn't carry on throwing | bizbırğab turmasaqif we don't carry on throwing | sizbırğab turmasağızif you all don't carry on throwing | alabırğab turmasalaif they don't carry on throwing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbırğab tura esemif I have kept throwing | senbırğab tura eseŋif you have kept throwing | olbırğab tura eseif he has kept throwing | bizbırğab tura esekif we have kept throwing | sizbırğab tura esegizif you all have kept throwing | alabırğab tura eseleif they have kept throwing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbırğab turmay esemif I haven't kept throwing | senbırğab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept throwing | olbırğab turmay eseif he hasn't kept throwing | bizbırğab turmay esekif we haven't kept throwing | sizbırğab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept throwing | alabırğab turmay eseleif they haven't kept throwing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbırğay tursamif I keep throwing | senbırğay tursaŋif you keep throwing | olbırğay tursaif he keeps throwing | bizbırğay tursaqif we keep throwing | sizbırğay tursağızif you all keep throwing | alabırğay tursalaif they keep throwing |
| Progressive conditional | menbırğamay tursamif I keep on not throwing | senbırğamay tursaŋif you keep on not throwing | olbırğamay tursaif he keeps on not throwing | bizbırğamay tursaqif we keep on not throwing | sizbırğamay tursağızif you all keep on not throwing | alabırğamay tursalaif they keep on not throwing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbırğay tura esemif I am in the middle of throwing | senbırğay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of throwing | olbırğay tura eseif he is in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay tura esekif we are in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of throwing | alabırğay tura eseleif they are in the middle of throwing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbırğamay tura esemif I keep on not throwing | senbırğamay tura eseŋif you keep on not throwing | olbırğamay tura eseif he keeps on not throwing | bizbırğamay tura esekif we keep on not throwing | sizbırğamay tura esegizif you all keep on not throwing | alabırğamay tura eseleif they keep on not throwing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbırğadım esemif I threw | senbırğadıŋ eseŋif you threw | olbırğadı eseif he threw | bizbırğadıq esekif we threw | sizbırğadığız esegizif you all threw | alabırğadıla eseleif they threw |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbırğamadım esemif I didn't throw | senbırğamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't throw | olbırğamadı eseif he didn't throw | bizbırğamadıq esekif we didn't throw | sizbırğamadığız esegizif you all didn't throw | alabırğamadıla eseleif they didn't throw |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbırğağan esemif I did throw (indeed) | senbırğağan eseŋif you did throw (indeed) | olbırğağan eseif he did throw (indeed) | bizbırğağan esekif we did throw (indeed) | sizbırğağan esegizif you all did throw (indeed) | alabırğağan eseleif they did throw (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbırğamağan esemif I didn't throw (indeed) | senbırğamağan eseŋif you didn't throw (indeed) | olbırğamağan eseif he didn't throw (indeed) | bizbırğamağan esekif we didn't throw (indeed) | sizbırğamağan esegizif you all didn't throw (indeed) | alabırğamağan eseleif they didn't throw (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbırğağan bolsamif I had thrown | senbırğağan bolsaŋif you had thrown | olbırğağan bolsaif he had thrown | bizbırğağan bolsaqif we had thrown | sizbırğağan bolsağızif you all had thrown | alabırğağan bolsalaif they had thrown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbırğamağan bolsamif I hadn't thrown | senbırğamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't thrown | olbırğamağan bolsaif he hadn't thrown | bizbırğamağan bolsaqif we hadn't thrown | sizbırğamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't thrown | alabırğamağan bolsalaif they hadn't thrown |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbırğağan bolsam edibırğağan bolsam edif only I had thrown | senbırğağan bolsaŋ edibırğağan bolsaŋ edif only you had thrown | olbırğağan bolsa edibırğağan bolsaedif only he had thrown | bizbırğağan bolsaq edibırğağan bolsaq edif only we had thrown | sizbırğağan bolsağız edibırğağan bolsağız edif only you all had thrown | alabırğağan bolsala edibırğağan bolsalaedif only they had thrown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbırğamağan bolsam edibırğamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't thrown | senbırğamağan bolsaŋ edibırğamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't thrown | olbırğamağan bolsa edibırğamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't thrown | bizbırğamağan bolsaq edibırğamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't thrown | sizbırğamağan bolsağız edibırğamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't thrown | alabırğamağan bolsala edibırğamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't thrown |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbırğar esemif I will throw | senbırğar eseŋif you will throw | olbırğar eseif he will throw | bizbırğar esekif we will throw | sizbırğar esegizif you all will throw | alabırğar eseleif they will throw |
| Conditional, aorist | menbırğamaz esemif I won't throw | senbırğamaz eseŋif you won't throw | olbırğamaz eseif he won't throw | bizbırğamaz esekif we won't throw | sizbırğamaz esegizif you all won't throw | alabırğamaz eseleif they won't throw |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbırğarıq esemif I am going to throw | senbırğarıq eseŋif you are going to throw | olbırğarıq eseif he is going to throw | bizbırğarıq esekif we are going to throw | sizbırğarıq esegizif you all are going to throw | alabırğarıq eseleif they are going to throw |
| Conditional, future | menbırğarıq tül esemif I am not going to throw | senbırğarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to throw | olbırğarıq tül eseif he is not going to throw | bizbırğarıq tül esekif we are not going to throw | sizbırğarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to throw | alabırğarıq tül eseleif they are not going to throw |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbırğarıq bolsamif I were going to throw | senbırğarıq bolsaŋif you were going to throw | olbırğarıq bolsaif he were going to throw | bizbırğarıq bolsaqif we were going to throw | sizbırğarıq bolsağızif you all were going to throw | alabırğarıq bolsalaif they were going to throw |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbırğamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to throw | senbırğamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to throw | olbırğamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to throw | bizbırğamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to throw | sizbırğamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to throw | alabırğamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to throw |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bırğadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbırğay bolurmaI must be throwing | senbırğay bolursayou must be throwing | olbırğay bolurhe must be throwing | bizbırğay bolurbuzwe must be throwing | sizbırğay bolursuzyou all must be throwing | alabırğay bolurlathey must be throwing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbırğamay bolurmaI must not be throwing | senbırğamay bolursayou must not be throwing | olbırğamay bolurhe must not be throwing | bizbırğamay bolurbuzwe must not be throwing | sizbırğamay bolursuzyou all must not be throwing | alabırğamay bolurlathey must not be throwing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbırğay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of throwing | senbırğay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of throwing | olbırğay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of throwing | alabırğay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of throwing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbırğamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not throwing | senbırğamay tura bolursayou must keep on not throwing | olbırğamay tura bolurhe must keep on not throwing | bizbırğamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not throwing | sizbırğamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not throwing | alabırğamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not throwing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbırğağan bolurmaI must have thrown | senbırğağan bolursayou must have thrown | olbırğağan bolurhe must have thrown | bizbırğağan bolurbuzwe must have thrown | sizbırğağan bolursuzyou all must have thrown | alabırğağan bolurlathey must have thrown |
| Inference (must have) | menbırğamağan bolurmaI must not have thrown | senbırğamağan bolursayou must not have thrown | olbırğamağan bolurhe must not have thrown | bizbırğamağan bolurbuzwe must not have thrown | sizbırğamağan bolursuzyou all must not have thrown | alabırğamağan bolurlathey must not have thrown |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbırğarıq bolurmaI must be going to throw | senbırğarıq bolursayou must be going to throw | olbırğarıq bolurhe must be going to throw | bizbırğarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to throw | sizbırğarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to throw | alabırğarıq bolurlathey must be going to throw |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbırğamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to throw | senbırğamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to throw | olbırğamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to throw | bizbırğamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to throw | sizbırğamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to throw | alabırğamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to throw |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğayımlet me throw | senbırğa!throw! | olbırğasınlet him throw | bizbırğayıqlet's throw | sizbırğağız!throw, you all! | alabırğasınlalet them throw |
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğamayımlet me not throw | senbırğama!don't throw! | olbırğamasınlet him not throw | bizbırğamayıqlet's not throw | sizbırğamağız!don't throw, you all! | alabırğamasınlalet them not throw |
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğayımmı?shall I throw? | olbırğasınmı?should he throw? | bizbırğayıqmı?shall we throw? | alabırğasınlamı?should they throw? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbırğamayımmı?shall I not throw? | olbırğamasınmı?should he not throw? | bizbırğamayıqmı?shall we not throw? | alabırğamasınlamı?should they not throw? | ||
| Requests | senbırğaçı2bırğaçınplease throw | olbırğasınçıdo let him throw | sizbırğaçığızplease throw (plural/polite) | alabırğasınlaçıdo let them throw | ||
| Requests | senbırğamaçı2bırğamaçınplease don't throw | olbırğamasınçıdo let him not throw | sizbırğamaçığızplease don't throw (plural/polite) | alabırğamasınlaçıdo let them not throw | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbırğağınbırğağımay you throw | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbırğamağınbırğamağımay you not throw | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbırğağay edim bırğağa edimwould that I threw | senbırğağay ediŋ bırğağa ediŋwould that you threw | olbırğağay edi bırğağa ediwould that he threw | bizbırğağay edik bırğağa edikwould that we threw | sizbırğağay edigiz bırğağa edigizwould that you all threw | alabırğağay edile bırğağa edilewould that they threw |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbırğamağay edim bırğamağa edimwould that I did not throw | senbırğamağay ediŋ bırğamağa ediŋwould that you did not throw | olbırğamağay edi bırğamağa ediwould that he did not throw | bizbırğamağay edik bırğamağa edikwould that we did not throw | sizbırğamağay edigiz bırğamağa edigizwould that you all did not throw | alabırğamağay edile bırğamağa edilewould that they did not throw |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğamağa qoyayımbırğama qoyayımlet me allow someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoy!bırğama qoy!let someone throw! | olbırğamağa qoysunbırğama qoysunlet him allow someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoyayıqbırğama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoyuğuz!bırğama qoyuğuz!let someone throw, you all! | alabırğamağa qoysunlabırğama qoysunlalet them allow someone to throw |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğamağa qoymayımbırğama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoyma!bırğama qoyma!don't let someone throw! | olbırğamağa qoymasınbırğama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoymayıqbırğama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoymağız!bırğama qoymağız!don't let someone throw, you all! | alabırğamağa qoymasınlabırğama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to throw |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğamağa qoyayımmı?bırğama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoysunmu?bırğama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoyayıqmı?bırğama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoysunlamı?bırğama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to throw? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbırğamağa qoymayımmı?bırğama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoymasınmı?bırğama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoymayıqmı?bırğama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoymasınlamı?bırğama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to throw? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğamağa qoyamabırğama qoyamaI allow someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoyasabırğama qoyasayou allow someone to throw | olbırğamağa qoyadıbırğama qoyadıhe allows someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoyabızbırğama qoyabızwe allow someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoyasızbırğama qoyasızyou all allow someone to throw | alabırğamağa qoyadılabırğama qoyadılathey allow someone to throw |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğamağa qoymaymabırğama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoymaysabırğama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to throw | olbırğamağa qoymaydıbırğama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoymaybızbırğama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoymaysızbırğama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to throw | alabırğamağa qoymaydılabırğama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to throw |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğamağa qoyamamı?bırğama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to throw? | senbırğamağa qoyamısa?bırğama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoyamıdı?bırğama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoyabızmı?bırğama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to throw? | sizbırğamağa qoyamısız?bırğama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoyamıdıla?bırğama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to throw? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbırğamağa qoymaymamı?bırğama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to throw? | senbırğamağa qoymaymısa?bırğama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoymaymıdı?bırğama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoymaybızmı?bırğama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to throw? | sizbırğamağa qoymaymısız?bırğama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoymaymıdıla?bırğama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to throw? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğamağa qoydumbırğama qoydumI allowed someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoyduŋbırğama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to throw | olbırğamağa qoydubırğama qoyduhe allowed someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoyduqbırğama qoyduqwe allowed someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoyduğuzbırğama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to throw | alabırğamağa qoydulabırğama qoydulathey allowed someone to throw |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğamağa qoymadımbırğama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to throw | senbırğamağa qoymadıŋbırğama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to throw | olbırğamağa qoymadıbırğama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to throw | bizbırğamağa qoymadıqbırğama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to throw | sizbırğamağa qoymadığızbırğama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to throw | alabırğamağa qoymadılabırğama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to throw |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğamağa qoydummu?bırğama qoydummu?did I allow someone to throw? | senbırğamağa qoyduŋmu?bırğama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoydumu?bırğama qoydumu?did he allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoyduqmu?bırğama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to throw? | sizbırğamağa qoyduğuzmu?bırğama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoydulamı?bırğama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to throw? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbırğamağa qoymadımmı?bırğama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to throw? | senbırğamağa qoymadıŋmı?bırğama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to throw? | olbırğamağa qoymadımı?bırğama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to throw? | bizbırğamağa qoymadıqmı?bırğama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to throw? | sizbırğamağa qoymadığızmı?bırğama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to throw? | alabırğamağa qoymadılamı?bırğama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to throw? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
bırğayalırğa be able to throw · bırğayalmazğa be unable to throw
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbırğayalamaI can throw | senbırğayalasayou can throw | olbırğayaladıhe can throw | bizbırğayalabızwe can throw | sizbırğayalasızyou all can throw | alabırğayaladılathey can throw |
| Ability — present | menbırğayalmaymaI can't throw | senbırğayalmaysayou can't throw | olbırğayalmaydıhe can't throw | bizbırğayalmaybızwe can't throw | sizbırğayalmaysızyou all can't throw | alabırğayalmaydılathey can't throw |
| Ability — present | menbırğayalamamı? bırğayalamıma?can I throw? | senbırğayalamısa?can you throw? | olbırğayalamıdı?can he throw? | bizbırğayalabızmı? bırğayalamıbız?can we throw? | sizbırğayalamısız?can you all throw? | alabırğayalamıdıla?can they throw? |
| Ability — present | menbırğayalmaymamı? bırğayalmaymıma?can't I throw? | senbırğayalmaymısa?can't you throw? | olbırğayalmaymıdı?can't he throw? | bizbırğayalmaybızmı? bırğayalmaymıbız?can't we throw? | sizbırğayalmaymısız?can't you all throw? | alabırğayalmaymıdıla?can't they throw? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbırğayalsamif I can throw | senbırğayalsaŋif you can throw | olbırğayalsaif he can throw | bizbırğayalsaqif we can throw | sizbırğayalsağızif you all can throw | alabırğayalsalaif they can throw |
| Ability — if I can… | menbırğayalmasamif I can't throw | senbırğayalmasaŋif you can't throw | olbırğayalmasaif he can't throw | bizbırğayalmasaqif we can't throw | sizbırğayalmasağızif you all can't throw | alabırğayalmasalaif they can't throw |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbırğayaldımI was able to throw | senbırğayaldıŋyou were able to throw | olbırğayaldıhe was able to throw | bizbırğayaldıqwe were able to throw | sizbırğayaldığızyou all were able to throw | alabırğayaldılathey were able to throw |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğayalmadımI could not throw | senbırğayalmadıŋyou could not throw | olbırğayalmadıhe could not throw | bizbırğayalmadıqwe could not throw | sizbırğayalmadığızyou all could not throw | alabırğayalmadılathey could not throw |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğayaldımmı?was I able to throw? | senbırğayaldıŋmı?were you able to throw? | olbırğayaldımı?was he able to throw? | bizbırğayaldıqmı?were we able to throw? | sizbırğayaldığızmı?were you all able to throw? | alabırğayaldılamı?were they able to throw? |
| Ability — simple past | menbırğayalmadımmı?couldn't I throw? | senbırğayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you throw? | olbırğayalmadımı?couldn't he throw? | bizbırğayalmadıqmı?couldn't we throw? | sizbırğayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all throw? | alabırğayalmadılamı?couldn't they throw? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğayalğanmaI have been able to throw | senbırğayalğansayou have been able to throw | olbırğayalğandıhe has been able to throw | bizbırğayalğanbızwe have been able to throw | sizbırğayalğansızyou all have been able to throw | alabırğayalğandılathey have been able to throw |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğayalmağanmaI haven't been able to throw | senbırğayalmağansayou haven't been able to throw | olbırğayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to throw | bizbırğayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to throw | sizbırğayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to throw | alabırğayalmağandılathey haven't been able to throw |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğayalğanmamı? bırğayalğanmıma?have I been able to throw? | senbırğayalğanmısa?have you been able to throw? | olbırğayalğanmıdı?has he been able to throw? | bizbırğayalğanbızmı? bırğayalğanmıbız?have we been able to throw? | sizbırğayalğanmısız?have you all been able to throw? | alabırğayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to throw? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbırğayalmağanmamı? bırğayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to throw? | senbırğayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to throw? | olbırğayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to throw? | bizbırğayalmağanbızmı? bırğayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to throw? | sizbırğayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to throw? | alabırğayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to throw? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbırğayalğan edimbırğayalğanemI had been able to throw | senbırğayalğan ediŋbırğayalğaneŋyou had been able to throw | olbırğayalğan edibırğayalğanedhe had been able to throw | bizbırğayalğan edikbırğayalğanekwe had been able to throw | sizbırğayalğan edigizbırğayalğanegizyou all had been able to throw | alabırğayalğan edilebırğayalğanellethey had been able to throw |
| Ability — past perfect | menbırğayalmağan edimbırğayalmağanemI hadn't been able to throw | senbırğayalmağan ediŋbırğayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to throw | olbırğayalmağan edibırğayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to throw | bizbırğayalmağan edikbırğayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to throw | sizbırğayalmağan edigizbırğayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to throw | alabırğayalmağan edilebırğayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to throw |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbırğayala edimbırğayalaemI could throw | senbırğayala ediŋbırğayalaeŋyou could throw | olbırğayala edibırğayalaedhe could throw | bizbırğayala edikbırğayalaekwe could throw | sizbırğayala edigizbırğayalaegizyou all could throw | alabırğayala edilebırğayalaellethey could throw |
| Ability — past background | menbırğayalmay edimbırğayalmayemI could not throw | senbırğayalmay ediŋbırğayalmayeŋyou could not throw | olbırğayalmay edibırğayalmayedhe could not throw | bizbırğayalmay edikbırğayalmayekwe could not throw | sizbırğayalmay edigizbırğayalmayegizyou all could not throw | alabırğayalmay edilebırğayalmayellethey could not throw |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbırğayalırmaI will be able to throw | senbırğayalırsayou will be able to throw | olbırğayalırhe will be able to throw | bizbırğayalırbızwe will be able to throw | sizbırğayalırsızyou all will be able to throw | alabırğayalırlathey will be able to throw |
| Ability — future I | menbırğayalmazmaI won't be able to throw | senbırğayalmazsayou won't be able to throw | olbırğayalmazhe won't be able to throw | bizbırğayalmazbızwe won't be able to throw | sizbırğayalmazsızyou all won't be able to throw | alabırğayalmazlathey won't be able to throw |
| Ability — future I | menbırğayalırmamı? bırğayalırmıma?will I be able to throw? | senbırğayalırmısa?will you be able to throw? | olbırğayalırmı?will he be able to throw? | bizbırğayalırbızmı? bırğayalırmıbız?will we be able to throw? | sizbırğayalırmısız?will you all be able to throw? | alabırğayalırlamı? bırğayalırmıla?will they be able to throw? |
| Ability — future I | menbırğayalmazmamı? bırğayalmazmıma?won't I be able to throw? | senbırğayalmazmısa?won't you be able to throw? | olbırğayalmazmı?won't he be able to throw? | bizbırğayalmazbızmı? bırğayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to throw? | sizbırğayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to throw? | alabırğayalmazlamı? bırğayalmazmıla?won't they be able to throw? |
| Ability — future II | menbırğayallıqmaI am going to be able to throw | senbırğayallıqsayou are going to be able to throw | olbırğayallıqdıhe is going to be able to throw | bizbırğayallıqbızwe are going to be able to throw | sizbırğayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to throw | alabırğayallıqdılathey are going to be able to throw |
| Ability — future II | menbırğayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to throw | senbırğayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to throw | olbırğayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to throw | bizbırğayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to throw | sizbırğayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to throw | alabırğayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to throw |
| Ability — future II | menbırğayallıqmamı? bırğayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to throw? | senbırğayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to throw? | olbırğayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to throw? | bizbırğayallıqbızmı? bırğayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to throw? | sizbırğayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to throw? | alabırğayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to throw? |
| Ability — future II | menbırğayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to throw? | senbırğayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to throw? | olbırğayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to throw? | bizbırğayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to throw? | sizbırğayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to throw? | alabırğayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to throw? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbırğayalır edimbırğayalır emI would be able to throw | senbırğayalır ediŋbırğayalır eŋyou would be able to throw | olbırğayalır edibırğayalır edhe would be able to throw | bizbırğayalır edikbırğayalır ekwe would be able to throw | sizbırğayalır edigizbırğayalır egizyou all would be able to throw | alabırğayalır edilebırğayalır ellethey would be able to throw |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbırğayalmaz edimbırğayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to throw | senbırğayalmaz ediŋbırğayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to throw | olbırğayalmaz edibırğayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to throw | bizbırğayalmaz edikbırğayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to throw | sizbırğayalmaz edigizbırğayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to throw | alabırğayalmaz edilebırğayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to throw |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbırğayalğınbırğayalğımay you be able to throw | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbırğayalmağınbırğayalmağımay you not be able to throw | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbırğarğa izleymeI want to throw | senbırğarğa izleyseyou want to throw | olbırğarğa izleydihe wants to throw | bizbırğarğa izleybizwe want to throw | sizbırğarğa izleysizyou all want to throw | alabırğarğa izleydilethey want to throw |
| want to | menbırğarğa izlemeymeI do not want to throw | senbırğarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to throw | olbırğarğa izlemeydihe does not want to throw | bizbırğarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to throw | sizbırğarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to throw | alabırğarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to throw |
| would like to | menbırğarğa süemeI would like to throw | senbırğarğa süeseyou would like to throw | olbırğarğa süedihe would like to throw | bizbırğarğa süebizwe would like to throw | sizbırğarğa süesizyou all would like to throw | alabırğarğa süedilethey would like to throw |
| would like to | menbırğarğa süymeymeI would not like to throw | senbırğarğa süymeyseyou would not like to throw | olbırğarğa süymeydihe would not like to throw | bizbırğarğa süymeybizwe would not like to throw | sizbırğarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to throw | alabırğarğa süymeydilethey would not like to throw |
| hope to | menbırğarğa umutlanamaI hope to throw | senbırğarğa umutlanasayou hope to throw | olbırğarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to throw | bizbırğarğa umutlanabızwe hope to throw | sizbırğarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to throw | alabırğarğa umutlanadılathey hope to throw |
| hope to | menbırğarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to throw | senbırğarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to throw | olbırğarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to throw | bizbırğarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to throw | sizbırğarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to throw | alabırğarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to throw |
| be about to | menbırğarğa deb turamaI am about to throw | senbırğarğa deb turasayou are about to throw | olbırğarğa deb turadıhe is about to throw | bizbırğarğa deb turabızwe are about to throw | sizbırğarğa deb turasızyou all are about to throw | alabırğarğa deb turadılathey are about to throw |
| be about to | menbırğarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to throw | senbırğarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to throw | olbırğarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to throw | bizbırğarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to throw | sizbırğarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to throw | alabırğarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to throw |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbırğarğa kerekmeI need to throw | senbırğarğa kerekseyou need to throw | olbırğarğa kerekdihe needs to throw | bizbırğarğa kerekbizwe need to throw | sizbırğarğa kereksizyou all need to throw | alabırğarğa kerekdilethey need to throw |
| need to | menbırğarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to throw | senbırğarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to throw | olbırğarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to throw | bizbırğarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to throw | sizbırğarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to throw | alabırğarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to throw |
| have to | menmenŋe bırğarğa tüşediI have to throw | sensenŋe bırğarğa tüşediyou have to throw | olaŋa bırğarğa tüşedihe has to throw | bizbizge bırğarğa tüşediwe have to throw | sizsizge bırğarğa tüşediyou all have to throw | alaalağa bırğarğa tüşedithey have to throw |
| have to | menmenŋe bırğarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to throw | sensenŋe bırğarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to throw | olaŋa bırğarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to throw | bizbizge bırğarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to throw | sizsizge bırğarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to throw | alaalağa bırğarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to throw |
| be obliged to | menbırğarğa borçlumaI am obliged to throw | senbırğarğa borçlusayou are obliged to throw | olbırğarğa borçluduhe is obliged to throw | bizbırğarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to throw | sizbırğarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to throw | alabırğarğa borçludulathey are obliged to throw |
| be obliged to | menbırğarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to throw | senbırğarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to throw | olbırğarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to throw | bizbırğarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to throw | sizbırğarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to throw | alabırğarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to throw |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbırğarğa madarım bardıI have a way to throw | senbırğarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to throw | olbırğarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to throw | bizbırğarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to throw | sizbırğarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to throw | alabırğarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to throw |
| have a way to | menbırğarğa madarım joqduI have no way to throw | senbırğarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to throw | olbırğarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to throw | bizbırğarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to throw | sizbırğarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to throw | alabırğarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to throw |
| be free to | menbırğarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to throw | senbırğarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to throw | olbırğarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to throw | bizbırğarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to throw | sizbırğarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to throw | alabırğarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to throw |
| be free to | menbırğarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to throw | senbırğarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to throw | olbırğarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to throw | bizbırğarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to throw | sizbırğarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to throw | alabırğarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to throw |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to throw | sensenŋe bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to throw | olaŋa bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to throw | bizbizge bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to throw | sizsizge bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to throw | alaalağa bırğarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to throw |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to throw | sensenŋe bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to throw | olaŋa bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to throw | bizbizge bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to throw | sizsizge bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to throw | alaalağa bırğarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to throw |
| be ready to | menbırğarğa hazırmaI am ready to throw | senbırğarğa hazırsayou are ready to throw | olbırğarğa hazırdıhe is ready to throw | bizbırğarğa hazırbızwe are ready to throw | sizbırğarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to throw | alabırğarğa hazırdılathey are ready to throw |
| be ready to | menbırğarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to throw | senbırğarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to throw | olbırğarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to throw | bizbırğarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to throw | sizbırğarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to throw | alabırğarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to throw |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbırğarğa küreşemeI am trying to throw | senbırğarğa küreşeseyou are trying to throw | olbırğarğa küreşedihe is trying to throw | bizbırğarğa küreşebizwe are trying to throw | sizbırğarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to throw | alabırğarğa küreşedilethey are trying to throw |
| try to | menbırğarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to throw | senbırğarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to throw | olbırğarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to throw | bizbırğarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to throw | sizbırğarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to throw | alabırğarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to throw |
| agree to | menbırğarğa unaymaI agree to throw | senbırğarğa unaysayou agree to throw | olbırğarğa unaydıhe agrees to throw | bizbırğarğa unaybızwe agree to throw | sizbırğarğa unaysızyou all agree to throw | alabırğarğa unaydılathey agree to throw |
| agree to | menbırğarğa unamaymaI refuse to throw | senbırğarğa unamaysayou refuse to throw | olbırğarğa unamaydıhe refuses to throw | bizbırğarğa unamaybızwe refuse to throw | sizbırğarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to throw | alabırğarğa unamaydılathey refuse to throw |
| hurry to | menbırğarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to throw | senbırğarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to throw | olbırğarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to throw | bizbırğarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to throw | sizbırğarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to throw | alabırğarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to throw |
| hurry to | menbırğarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to throw | senbırğarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to throw | olbırğarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to throw | bizbırğarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to throw | sizbırğarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to throw | alabırğarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to throw |
| be afraid to | menbırğarğa qorqamaI am afraid to throw | senbırğarğa qorqasayou are afraid to throw | olbırğarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to throw | bizbırğarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to throw | sizbırğarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to throw | alabırğarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to throw |
| be afraid to | menbırğarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to throw | senbırğarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to throw | olbırğarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to throw | bizbırğarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to throw | sizbırğarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to throw | alabırğarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to throw |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbırğay bolmazmaI can't be throwing | senbırğay bolmazsayou can't be throwing | olbırğay bolmazhe can't be throwing | bizbırğay bolmazbızwe can't be throwing | sizbırğay bolmazsızyou all can't be throwing | alabırğay bolmazlathey can't be throwing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbırğamay bolmazmaI must be throwing (emphatic) | senbırğamay bolmazsayou must be throwing (emphatic) | olbırğamay bolmazhe must be throwing (emphatic) | bizbırğamay bolmazbızwe must be throwing (emphatic) | sizbırğamay bolmazsızyou all must be throwing (emphatic) | alabırğamay bolmazlathey must be throwing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbırğay turmasamif I don't keep throwing | senbırğay turmasaŋif you don't keep throwing | olbırğay turmasaif he doesn't keep throwing | bizbırğay turmasaqif we don't keep throwing | sizbırğay turmasağızif you all don't keep throwing | alabırğay turmasalaif they don't keep throwing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbırğay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of throwing | senbırğay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of throwing | olbırğay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of throwing | bizbırğay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of throwing | sizbırğay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of throwing | alabırğay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of throwing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbırğamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not throwing (emphatic) | senbırğamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not throwing (emphatic) | olbırğamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not throwing (emphatic) | bizbırğamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not throwing (emphatic) | sizbırğamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not throwing (emphatic) | alabırğamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not throwing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbırğamay turamaI keep on not throwing | senbırğamay turasayou keep on not throwing | olbırğamay turadıhe keeps on not throwing | bizbırğamay turabızwe keep on not throwing | sizbırğamay turasızyou all keep on not throwing | alabırğamay turadılathey keep on not throwing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbırğamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not throwing | senbırğamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not throwing | olbırğamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not throwing | bizbırğamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not throwing | sizbırğamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not throwing | alabırğamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not throwing |
| Progressive — double negation | menbırğamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not throwing? | senbırğamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not throwing? | olbırğamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not throwing? | bizbırğamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not throwing? | sizbırğamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not throwing? | alabırğamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not throwing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbırğağan bolmazmaI can't have thrown | senbırğağan bolmazsayou can't have thrown | olbırğağan bolmazhe can't have thrown | bizbırğağan bolmazbızwe can't have thrown | sizbırğağan bolmazsızyou all can't have thrown | alabırğağan bolmazlathey can't have thrown |
| Inference — double negation | menbırğamağan bolmazmaI must have thrown (emphatic) | senbırğamağan bolmazsayou must have thrown (emphatic) | olbırğamağan bolmazhe must have thrown (emphatic) | bizbırğamağan bolmazbızwe must have thrown (emphatic) | sizbırğamağan bolmazsızyou all must have thrown (emphatic) | alabırğamağan bolmazlathey must have thrown (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbırğağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had thrown | senbırğağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had thrown | olbırğağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had thrown | bizbırğağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had thrown | sizbırğağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had thrown | alabırğağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had thrown |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbırğamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't thrown | senbırğamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't thrown | olbırğamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't thrown | bizbırğamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't thrown | sizbırğamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't thrown | alabırğamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't thrown |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbırğarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to throw | senbırğarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to throw | olbırğarıq bolmazhe can't be going to throw | bizbırğarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to throw | sizbırğarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to throw | alabırğarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to throw |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbırğamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to throw (emphatic) | senbırğamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to throw (emphatic) | olbırğamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to throw (emphatic) | bizbırğamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to throw (emphatic) | sizbırğamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to throw (emphatic) | alabırğamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to throw (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbırğarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to throw | senbırğarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to throw | olbırğarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to throw | bizbırğarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to throw | sizbırğarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to throw | alabırğarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to throw |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbırğamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to throw | senbırğamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to throw | olbırğamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to throw | bizbırğamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to throw | sizbırğamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to throw | alabırğamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to throw |