qıstarğa
/qɯstarʁa/
1. drive out, chase away, turn out
- üyden qıstarğa — to drive someone out of the house
- eşikge qısta — drive him outside
- itni üyden qıstadı — he drove the dog out of the house
- anı nek qıstadıŋ — why did you drive him out
- üylü itni eşikge qıstay edi — was driving the house dog outside
- duşmannı elden qıstarğa — to drive the enemy out of the village
- çibinleni qıstarğa — to drive off the flies
- qıstab ierge — to chase someone away
2. drive back, force back, put to flight one source
- jawnu qıstarğa — to drive the enemy back
- jawnu artha qıstadıla — they forced the enemy back
- qorqutub qıstarğa — to frighten someone off
3. get rid of, dispel one source
- qayğını qıstarğa — to drive away the worry
- sağışlanı başından qıstarğa küreşdi — tried to drive the thoughts out of his head
- buşuwlu oyumlanı qıstarğa küreşdi — tried to drive away the sorrowful thoughts
- sağışın qıstadı — he drove away his worries
- juqunu qıstadı — he drove his sleep away
4. expel, dismiss, discharge
- işden qıstarğa — to dismiss someone from work
- anı işden qıstadıla — they dismissed him from work
- anı qulluğundan qıstadıla — they dismissed him from his post
- Aminni şkoldan qıstarğa erkin tülbüz — we have no right to expel Amin from school
- partiyadan qıstarğa — to expel someone from the party
- ata jurtdan qıstarğa — to drive someone out of the homeland
5. drive out livestock, drive a herd to pasture
- mallanı sırtha qıstarğa — to drive the livestock out to the ridge
- qoylanı qıstadıla — they drove the sheep out
- mallanı otlawğa qıstadı — he drove the stock out to pasture
- Osman iynekni küterge qıstab ketdi — Osman drove the cow off to graze
- ertdenlikde mal qıstağan közüw — the time for driving out the livestock in the morning
Expressions
- eşikli çıçhan üylü çıçhannı qıstağanlay — outsider gives orders
Conjugation
Common forms
- qıstaydıhe is driving out
- qıstadıhe drove out
- qıstağandıhe has driven out
- qıstarhe will drive out
- qıstarıqdıhe is going to drive out
- qıstay edihe was driving out
- qıstasaif he drives out
- qısta!drive out!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıstaymaI am driving out | senqıstaysayou are driving out | olqıstaydıhe is driving out | bizqıstaybızwe are driving out | sizqıstaysızyou all are driving out | alaqıstaydılathey are driving out |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıstamaymaI am not driving out | senqıstamaysayou are not driving out | olqıstamaydıhe is not driving out | bizqıstamaybızwe are not driving out | sizqıstamaysızyou all are not driving out | alaqıstamaydılathey are not driving out |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıstaymamı? qıstaymıma?am I driving out? | senqıstaymısa?are you driving out? | olqıstaymıdı?is he driving out? | bizqıstaybızmı? qıstaymıbız?are we driving out? | sizqıstaymısız?are you all driving out? | alaqıstaymıdıla?are they driving out? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqıstamaymamı? qıstamaymıma?aren't I driving out? | senqıstamaymısa?aren't you driving out? | olqıstamaymıdı?isn't he driving out? | bizqıstamaybızmı? qıstamaymıbız?aren't we driving out? | sizqıstamaymısız?aren't you all driving out? | alaqıstamaymıdıla?aren't they driving out? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıstawçanmaI usually drive out | senqıstawçansayou usually drive out | olqıstawçandıhe usually drives out | bizqıstawçanbızwe usually drive out | sizqıstawçansızyou all usually drive out | alaqıstawçandılathey usually drive out |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıstamawçanmaI usually don't drive out | senqıstamawçansayou usually don't drive out | olqıstamawçandıhe usually doesn't drive out | bizqıstamawçanbızwe usually don't drive out | sizqıstamawçansızyou all usually don't drive out | alaqıstamawçandılathey usually don't drive out |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıstawçanmamı? qıstawçanmıma?do I usually drive out? | senqıstawçanmısa?do you usually drive out? | olqıstawçanmıdı?does he usually drive out? | bizqıstawçanbızmı? qıstawçanmıbız?do we usually drive out? | sizqıstawçanmısız?do you all usually drive out? | alaqıstawçanmıdıla?do they usually drive out? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqıstamawçanmamı? qıstamawçanmıma?do I usually not drive out? | senqıstamawçanmısa?do you usually not drive out? | olqıstamawçanmıdı?does he usually not drive out? | bizqıstamawçanbızmı? qıstamawçanmıbız?do we usually not drive out? | sizqıstamawçanmısız?do you all usually not drive out? | alaqıstamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not drive out? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıstabdıhe has driven out and remains so | alaqıstabdılathey have driven out and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqıstabmıdı?has he driven out? | alaqıstabmıdıla?have they driven out? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıstab turamaI keep driving out | senqıstab turasayou keep driving out | olqıstab turadıhe keeps driving out | bizqıstab turabızwe keep driving out | sizqıstab turasızyou all keep driving out | alaqıstab turadılathey keep driving out |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıstab turmaymaI don't keep driving out | senqıstab turmaysayou don't keep driving out | olqıstab turmaydıhe doesn't keep driving out | bizqıstab turmaybızwe don't keep driving out | sizqıstab turmaysızyou all don't keep driving out | alaqıstab turmaydılathey don't keep driving out |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıstab turamamı? qıstab turamıma?do I keep driving out? | senqıstab turamısa?do you keep driving out? | olqıstab turamıdı?does he keep driving out? | bizqıstab turabızmı? qıstab turamıbız?do we keep driving out? | sizqıstab turamısız?do you all keep driving out? | alaqıstab turamıdıla?do they keep driving out? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqıstab turmaymamı? qıstab turmaymıma?don't I keep driving out? | senqıstab turmaymısa?don't you keep driving out? | olqıstab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep driving out? | bizqıstab turmaybızmı? qıstab turmaymıbız?don't we keep driving out? | sizqıstab turmaymısız?don't you all keep driving out? | alaqıstab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep driving out? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıstay turamaI am in the middle of driving out | senqıstay turasayou are in the middle of driving out | olqıstay turadıhe is in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay turabızwe are in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay turasızyou all are in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay turadılathey are in the middle of driving out |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıstay turmaymaI am not in the middle of driving out | senqıstay turmaysayou are not in the middle of driving out | olqıstay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of driving out |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıstay turamamı? qıstay turamıma?am I in the middle of driving out? | senqıstay turamısa?are you in the middle of driving out? | olqıstay turamıdı?is he in the middle of driving out? | bizqıstay turabızmı? qıstay turamıbız?are we in the middle of driving out? | sizqıstay turamısız?are you all in the middle of driving out? | alaqıstay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of driving out? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqıstay turmaymamı? qıstay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of driving out? | senqıstay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of driving out? | olqıstay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of driving out? | bizqıstay turmaybızmı? qıstay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of driving out? | sizqıstay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of driving out? | alaqıstay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of driving out? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıstadımI drove out | senqıstadıŋyou drove out | olqıstadıhe drove out | bizqıstadıqwe drove out | sizqıstadığızyou all drove out | alaqıstadılathey drove out |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıstamadımI didn't drive out | senqıstamadıŋyou didn't drive out | olqıstamadıhe didn't drive out | bizqıstamadıqwe didn't drive out | sizqıstamadığızyou all didn't drive out | alaqıstamadılathey didn't drive out |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıstadımmı?did I drive out? | senqıstadıŋmı?did you drive out? | olqıstadımı?did he drive out? | bizqıstadıqmı?did we drive out? | sizqıstadığızmı?did you all drive out? | alaqıstadılamı?did they drive out? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqıstamadımmı?didn't I drive out? | senqıstamadıŋmı?didn't you drive out? | olqıstamadımı?didn't he drive out? | bizqıstamadıqmı?didn't we drive out? | sizqıstamadığızmı?didn't you all drive out? | alaqıstamadılamı?didn't they drive out? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıstağanmaI have driven out | senqıstağansayou have driven out | olqıstağandıhe has driven out | bizqıstağanbızwe have driven out | sizqıstağansızyou all have driven out | alaqıstağandılathey have driven out |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıstamağanmaI haven't driven out | senqıstamağansayou haven't driven out | olqıstamağandıhe hasn't driven out | bizqıstamağanbızwe haven't driven out | sizqıstamağansızyou all haven't driven out | alaqıstamağandılathey haven't driven out |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıstağanmamı? qıstağanmıma?have I driven out? | senqıstağanmısa?have you driven out? | olqıstağanmıdı?has he driven out? | bizqıstağanbızmı? qıstağanmıbız?have we driven out? | sizqıstağanmısız?have you all driven out? | alaqıstağanmıdıla?have they driven out? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqıstamağanmamı? qıstamağanmıma?haven't I driven out? | senqıstamağanmısa?haven't you driven out? | olqıstamağanmıdı?hasn't he driven out? | bizqıstamağanbızmı? qıstamağanmıbız?haven't we driven out? | sizqıstamağanmısız?haven't you all driven out? | alaqıstamağanmıdıla?haven't they driven out? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıstab turdumI kept driving out | senqıstab turduŋyou kept driving out | olqıstab turduhe kept driving out | bizqıstab turduqwe kept driving out | sizqıstab turduğuzyou all kept driving out | alaqıstab turdulathey kept driving out |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqıstab turmadımI didn't keep driving out | senqıstab turmadıŋyou didn't keep driving out | olqıstab turmadıhe didn't keep driving out | bizqıstab turmadıqwe didn't keep driving out | sizqıstab turmadığızyou all didn't keep driving out | alaqıstab turmadılathey didn't keep driving out |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıstarmaI will drive out | senqıstarsayou will drive out | olqıstarhe will drive out | bizqıstarbızwe will drive out | sizqıstarsızyou all will drive out | alaqıstarlathey will drive out |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıstamazmaI won't drive out | senqıstamazsayou won't drive out | olqıstamazhe won't drive out | bizqıstamazbızwe won't drive out | sizqıstamazsızyou all won't drive out | alaqıstamazlathey won't drive out |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıstarmamı? qıstarmıma?will I drive out? | senqıstarmısa?will you drive out? | olqıstarmı?will he drive out? | bizqıstarbızmı? qıstarmıbız?will we drive out? | sizqıstarmısız?will you all drive out? | alaqıstarlamı? qıstarmıla?will they drive out? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqıstamazmamı? qıstamazmıma?won't I drive out? | senqıstamazmısa?won't you drive out? | olqıstamazmı?won't he drive out? | bizqıstamazbızmı? qıstamazmıbız?won't we drive out? | sizqıstamazmısız?won't you all drive out? | alaqıstamazlamı? qıstamazmıla?won't they drive out? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıstarıqmaI am going to drive out | senqıstarıqsayou are going to drive out | olqıstarıqdıhe is going to drive out | bizqıstarıqbızwe are going to drive out | sizqıstarıqsızyou all are going to drive out | alaqıstarıqdılathey are going to drive out |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıstarıq tülmeI am not going to drive out | senqıstarıq tülseyou are not going to drive out | olqıstarıq tüldühe is not going to drive out | bizqıstarıq tülbüzwe are not going to drive out | sizqıstarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to drive out | alaqıstarıq tüldülethey are not going to drive out |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıstarıqmamı? qıstarıqmıma?am I going to drive out? | senqıstarıqmısa?are you going to drive out? | olqıstarıqmıdı?is he going to drive out? | bizqıstarıqbızmı? qıstarıqmıbız?are we going to drive out? | sizqıstarıqmısız?are you all going to drive out? | alaqıstarıqmıdıla?are they going to drive out? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqıstarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to drive out? | senqıstarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to drive out? | olqıstarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to drive out? | bizqıstarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to drive out? | sizqıstarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to drive out? | alaqıstarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to drive out? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıstağan edimqıstağanemI had driven out | senqıstağan ediŋqıstağaneŋyou had driven out | olqıstağan ediqıstağanedhe had driven out | bizqıstağan edikqıstağanekwe had driven out | sizqıstağan edigizqıstağanegizyou all had driven out | alaqıstağan edileqıstağanellethey had driven out |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqıstamağan edimqıstamağanemI hadn't driven out | senqıstamağan ediŋqıstamağaneŋyou hadn't driven out | olqıstamağan ediqıstamağanedhe hadn't driven out | bizqıstamağan edikqıstamağanekwe hadn't driven out | sizqıstamağan edigizqıstamağanegizyou all hadn't driven out | alaqıstamağan edileqıstamağanellethey hadn't driven out |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıstay edimqıstayemI was driving out | senqıstay ediŋqıstayeŋyou were driving out | olqıstay ediqıstayedhe was driving out | bizqıstay edikqıstayekwe were driving out | sizqıstay edigizqıstayegizyou all were driving out | alaqıstay edileqıstayellethey were driving out |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqıstamay edimqıstamayemI wasn't driving out | senqıstamay ediŋqıstamayeŋyou weren't driving out | olqıstamay ediqıstamayedhe wasn't driving out | bizqıstamay edikqıstamayekwe weren't driving out | sizqıstamay edigizqıstamayegizyou all weren't driving out | alaqıstamay edileqıstamayellethey weren't driving out |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıstawçan edimqıstawçanemI used to drive out | senqıstawçan ediŋqıstawçaneŋyou used to drive out | olqıstawçan ediqıstawçanedhe used to drive out | bizqıstawçan edikqıstawçanekwe used to drive out | sizqıstawçan edigizqıstawçanegizyou all used to drive out | alaqıstawçan edileqıstawçanellethey used to drive out |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqıstamawçan edimqıstamawçanemI didn't use to drive out | senqıstamawçan ediŋqıstamawçaneŋyou didn't use to drive out | olqıstamawçan ediqıstamawçanedhe didn't use to drive out | bizqıstamawçan edikqıstamawçanekwe didn't use to drive out | sizqıstamawçan edigizqıstamawçanegizyou all didn't use to drive out | alaqıstamawçan edileqıstamawçanellethey didn't use to drive out |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıstab edihe had driven out and remained so | alaqıstab edilethey had driven out and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqıstab tül edihe hadn't driven out | alaqıstab tül edilethey hadn't driven out | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıstab tura edimqıstab turaemI had kept driving out | senqıstab tura ediŋqıstab turaeŋyou had kept driving out | olqıstab tura ediqıstab turaedhe had kept driving out | bizqıstab tura edikqıstab turaekwe had kept driving out | sizqıstab tura edigizqıstab turaegizyou all had kept driving out | alaqıstab tura edileqıstab turaellethey had kept driving out |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqıstab turmay edimqıstab turmayemI hadn't kept driving out | senqıstab turmay ediŋqıstab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept driving out | olqıstab turmay ediqıstab turmayedhe hadn't kept driving out | bizqıstab turmay edikqıstab turmayekwe hadn't kept driving out | sizqıstab turmay edigizqıstab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept driving out | alaqıstab turmay edileqıstab turmayellethey hadn't kept driving out |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıstay tura edimqıstay turaemI was in the middle of driving out | senqıstay tura ediŋqıstay turaeŋyou were in the middle of driving out | olqıstay tura ediqıstay turaedhe was in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay tura edikqıstay turaekwe were in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay tura edigizqıstay turaegizyou all were in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay tura edileqıstay turaellethey were in the middle of driving out |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqıstay turmay edimqıstay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of driving out | senqıstay turmay ediŋqıstay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of driving out | olqıstay turmay ediqıstay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay turmay edikqıstay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay turmay edigizqıstay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay turmay edileqıstay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of driving out |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqıstar edimqıstar emI would drive out | senqıstar ediŋqıstar eŋyou would drive out | olqıstar ediqıstar edhe would drive out | bizqıstar edikqıstar ekwe would drive out | sizqıstar edigizqıstar egizyou all would drive out | alaqıstar edileqıstar ellethey would drive out |
| Conditional result (would) | menqıstamaz edimqıstamaz emI wouldn't drive out | senqıstamaz ediŋqıstamaz eŋyou wouldn't drive out | olqıstamaz ediqıstamaz edhe wouldn't drive out | bizqıstamaz edikqıstamaz ekwe wouldn't drive out | sizqıstamaz edigizqıstamaz egizyou all wouldn't drive out | alaqıstamaz edileqıstamaz ellethey wouldn't drive out |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıstarıq edimqıstarıq emI would have driven out | senqıstarıq ediŋqıstarıq eŋyou would have driven out | olqıstarıq ediqıstarıq edhe would have driven out | bizqıstarıq edikqıstarıq ekwe would have driven out | sizqıstarıq edigizqıstarıq egizyou all would have driven out | alaqıstarıq edileqıstarıq ellethey would have driven out |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqıstarıq tül edimqıstarıq tül emI wouldn't have driven out | senqıstarıq tül ediŋqıstarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have driven out | olqıstarıq tül ediqıstarıq tül edhe wouldn't have driven out | bizqıstarıq tül edikqıstarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have driven out | sizqıstarıq tül edigizqıstarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have driven out | alaqıstarıq tül edileqıstarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have driven out |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqıstasamif I drive out | senqıstasaŋif you drive out | olqıstasaif he drives out | bizqıstasaqif we drive out | sizqıstasağızif you all drive out | alaqıstasalaif they drive out |
| Conditional | menqıstamasamif I don't drive out | senqıstamasaŋif you don't drive out | olqıstamasaif he doesn't drive out | bizqıstamasaqif we don't drive out | sizqıstamasağızif you all don't drive out | alaqıstamasalaif they don't drive out |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqıstay esemif I am driving out | senqıstay eseŋif you are driving out | olqıstay eseif he is driving out | bizqıstay esekif we are driving out | sizqıstay esegizif you all are driving out | alaqıstay eseleif they are driving out |
| Conditional, present real | menqıstamay esemif I am not driving out | senqıstamay eseŋif you are not driving out | olqıstamay eseif he is not driving out | bizqıstamay esekif we are not driving out | sizqıstamay esegizif you all are not driving out | alaqıstamay eseleif they are not driving out |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıstasam ediqıstasam edif only I drove out | senqıstasaŋ ediqıstasaŋ edif only you drove out | olqıstasa ediqıstasaedif only he drove out | bizqıstasaq ediqıstasaq edif only we drove out | sizqıstasağız ediqıstasağız edif only you all drove out | alaqıstasala ediqıstasalaedif only they drove out |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqıstamasam ediqıstamasam edif only I didn't drive out | senqıstamasaŋ ediqıstamasaŋ edif only you didn't drive out | olqıstamasa ediqıstamasaedif only he didn't drive out | bizqıstamasaq ediqıstamasaq edif only we didn't drive out | sizqıstamasağız ediqıstamasağız edif only you all didn't drive out | alaqıstamasala ediqıstamasalaedif only they didn't drive out |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqıstab tursamif I carry on driving out | senqıstab tursaŋif you carry on driving out | olqıstab tursaif he carries on driving out | bizqıstab tursaqif we carry on driving out | sizqıstab tursağızif you all carry on driving out | alaqıstab tursalaif they carry on driving out |
| Durative conditional | menqıstab turmasamif I don't carry on driving out | senqıstab turmasaŋif you don't carry on driving out | olqıstab turmasaif he doesn't carry on driving out | bizqıstab turmasaqif we don't carry on driving out | sizqıstab turmasağızif you all don't carry on driving out | alaqıstab turmasalaif they don't carry on driving out |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıstab tura esemif I have kept driving out | senqıstab tura eseŋif you have kept driving out | olqıstab tura eseif he has kept driving out | bizqıstab tura esekif we have kept driving out | sizqıstab tura esegizif you all have kept driving out | alaqıstab tura eseleif they have kept driving out |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqıstab turmay esemif I haven't kept driving out | senqıstab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept driving out | olqıstab turmay eseif he hasn't kept driving out | bizqıstab turmay esekif we haven't kept driving out | sizqıstab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept driving out | alaqıstab turmay eseleif they haven't kept driving out |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqıstay tursamif I keep driving out | senqıstay tursaŋif you keep driving out | olqıstay tursaif he keeps driving out | bizqıstay tursaqif we keep driving out | sizqıstay tursağızif you all keep driving out | alaqıstay tursalaif they keep driving out |
| Progressive conditional | menqıstamay tursamif I keep on not driving out | senqıstamay tursaŋif you keep on not driving out | olqıstamay tursaif he keeps on not driving out | bizqıstamay tursaqif we keep on not driving out | sizqıstamay tursağızif you all keep on not driving out | alaqıstamay tursalaif they keep on not driving out |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıstay tura esemif I am in the middle of driving out | senqıstay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of driving out | olqıstay tura eseif he is in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay tura esekif we are in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay tura eseleif they are in the middle of driving out |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqıstamay tura esemif I keep on not driving out | senqıstamay tura eseŋif you keep on not driving out | olqıstamay tura eseif he keeps on not driving out | bizqıstamay tura esekif we keep on not driving out | sizqıstamay tura esegizif you all keep on not driving out | alaqıstamay tura eseleif they keep on not driving out |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıstadım esemif I drove out | senqıstadıŋ eseŋif you drove out | olqıstadı eseif he drove out | bizqıstadıq esekif we drove out | sizqıstadığız esegizif you all drove out | alaqıstadıla eseleif they drove out |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqıstamadım esemif I didn't drive out | senqıstamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't drive out | olqıstamadı eseif he didn't drive out | bizqıstamadıq esekif we didn't drive out | sizqıstamadığız esegizif you all didn't drive out | alaqıstamadıla eseleif they didn't drive out |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqıstağan esemif I did drive out (indeed) | senqıstağan eseŋif you did drive out (indeed) | olqıstağan eseif he did drive out (indeed) | bizqıstağan esekif we did drive out (indeed) | sizqıstağan esegizif you all did drive out (indeed) | alaqıstağan eseleif they did drive out (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqıstamağan esemif I didn't drive out (indeed) | senqıstamağan eseŋif you didn't drive out (indeed) | olqıstamağan eseif he didn't drive out (indeed) | bizqıstamağan esekif we didn't drive out (indeed) | sizqıstamağan esegizif you all didn't drive out (indeed) | alaqıstamağan eseleif they didn't drive out (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıstağan bolsamif I had driven out | senqıstağan bolsaŋif you had driven out | olqıstağan bolsaif he had driven out | bizqıstağan bolsaqif we had driven out | sizqıstağan bolsağızif you all had driven out | alaqıstağan bolsalaif they had driven out |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqıstamağan bolsamif I hadn't driven out | senqıstamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't driven out | olqıstamağan bolsaif he hadn't driven out | bizqıstamağan bolsaqif we hadn't driven out | sizqıstamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't driven out | alaqıstamağan bolsalaif they hadn't driven out |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıstağan bolsam ediqıstağan bolsam edif only I had driven out | senqıstağan bolsaŋ ediqıstağan bolsaŋ edif only you had driven out | olqıstağan bolsa ediqıstağan bolsaedif only he had driven out | bizqıstağan bolsaq ediqıstağan bolsaq edif only we had driven out | sizqıstağan bolsağız ediqıstağan bolsağız edif only you all had driven out | alaqıstağan bolsala ediqıstağan bolsalaedif only they had driven out |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqıstamağan bolsam ediqıstamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't driven out | senqıstamağan bolsaŋ ediqıstamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't driven out | olqıstamağan bolsa ediqıstamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't driven out | bizqıstamağan bolsaq ediqıstamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't driven out | sizqıstamağan bolsağız ediqıstamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't driven out | alaqıstamağan bolsala ediqıstamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't driven out |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqıstar esemif I will drive out | senqıstar eseŋif you will drive out | olqıstar eseif he will drive out | bizqıstar esekif we will drive out | sizqıstar esegizif you all will drive out | alaqıstar eseleif they will drive out |
| Conditional, aorist | menqıstamaz esemif I won't drive out | senqıstamaz eseŋif you won't drive out | olqıstamaz eseif he won't drive out | bizqıstamaz esekif we won't drive out | sizqıstamaz esegizif you all won't drive out | alaqıstamaz eseleif they won't drive out |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqıstarıq esemif I am going to drive out | senqıstarıq eseŋif you are going to drive out | olqıstarıq eseif he is going to drive out | bizqıstarıq esekif we are going to drive out | sizqıstarıq esegizif you all are going to drive out | alaqıstarıq eseleif they are going to drive out |
| Conditional, future | menqıstarıq tül esemif I am not going to drive out | senqıstarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to drive out | olqıstarıq tül eseif he is not going to drive out | bizqıstarıq tül esekif we are not going to drive out | sizqıstarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to drive out | alaqıstarıq tül eseleif they are not going to drive out |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıstarıq bolsamif I were going to drive out | senqıstarıq bolsaŋif you were going to drive out | olqıstarıq bolsaif he were going to drive out | bizqıstarıq bolsaqif we were going to drive out | sizqıstarıq bolsağızif you all were going to drive out | alaqıstarıq bolsalaif they were going to drive out |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqıstamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to drive out | senqıstamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to drive out | olqıstamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to drive out | bizqıstamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to drive out | sizqıstamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to drive out | alaqıstamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to drive out |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qıstadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıstay bolurmaI must be driving out | senqıstay bolursayou must be driving out | olqıstay bolurhe must be driving out | bizqıstay bolurbuzwe must be driving out | sizqıstay bolursuzyou all must be driving out | alaqıstay bolurlathey must be driving out |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqıstamay bolurmaI must not be driving out | senqıstamay bolursayou must not be driving out | olqıstamay bolurhe must not be driving out | bizqıstamay bolurbuzwe must not be driving out | sizqıstamay bolursuzyou all must not be driving out | alaqıstamay bolurlathey must not be driving out |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıstay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of driving out | senqıstay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of driving out | olqıstay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of driving out |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqıstamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not driving out | senqıstamay tura bolursayou must keep on not driving out | olqıstamay tura bolurhe must keep on not driving out | bizqıstamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not driving out | sizqıstamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not driving out | alaqıstamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not driving out |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqıstağan bolurmaI must have driven out | senqıstağan bolursayou must have driven out | olqıstağan bolurhe must have driven out | bizqıstağan bolurbuzwe must have driven out | sizqıstağan bolursuzyou all must have driven out | alaqıstağan bolurlathey must have driven out |
| Inference (must have) | menqıstamağan bolurmaI must not have driven out | senqıstamağan bolursayou must not have driven out | olqıstamağan bolurhe must not have driven out | bizqıstamağan bolurbuzwe must not have driven out | sizqıstamağan bolursuzyou all must not have driven out | alaqıstamağan bolurlathey must not have driven out |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıstarıq bolurmaI must be going to drive out | senqıstarıq bolursayou must be going to drive out | olqıstarıq bolurhe must be going to drive out | bizqıstarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to drive out | sizqıstarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to drive out | alaqıstarıq bolurlathey must be going to drive out |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqıstamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to drive out | senqıstamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to drive out | olqıstamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to drive out | bizqıstamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to drive out | sizqıstamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to drive out | alaqıstamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to drive out |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqıstayımlet me drive out | senqısta!drive out! | olqıstasınlet him drive out | bizqıstayıqlet's drive out | sizqıstağız!drive out, you all! | alaqıstasınlalet them drive out |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıstamayımlet me not drive out | senqıstama!don't drive out! | olqıstamasınlet him not drive out | bizqıstamayıqlet's not drive out | sizqıstamağız!don't drive out, you all! | alaqıstamasınlalet them not drive out |
| Commands & suggestions | menqıstayımmı?shall I drive out? | olqıstasınmı?should he drive out? | bizqıstayıqmı?shall we drive out? | alaqıstasınlamı?should they drive out? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqıstamayımmı?shall I not drive out? | olqıstamasınmı?should he not drive out? | bizqıstamayıqmı?shall we not drive out? | alaqıstamasınlamı?should they not drive out? | ||
| Requests | senqıstaçı2qıstaçınplease drive out | olqıstasınçıdo let him drive out | sizqıstaçığızplease drive out (plural/polite) | alaqıstasınlaçıdo let them drive out | ||
| Requests | senqıstamaçı2qıstamaçınplease don't drive out | olqıstamasınçıdo let him not drive out | sizqıstamaçığızplease don't drive out (plural/polite) | alaqıstamasınlaçıdo let them not drive out | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıstağınqıstağımay you drive out | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqıstamağınqıstamağımay you not drive out | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıstağay edim qıstağa edimwould that I drove out | senqıstağay ediŋ qıstağa ediŋwould that you drove out | olqıstağay edi qıstağa ediwould that he drove out | bizqıstağay edik qıstağa edikwould that we drove out | sizqıstağay edigiz qıstağa edigizwould that you all drove out | alaqıstağay edile qıstağa edilewould that they drove out |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqıstamağay edim qıstamağa edimwould that I did not drive out | senqıstamağay ediŋ qıstamağa ediŋwould that you did not drive out | olqıstamağay edi qıstamağa ediwould that he did not drive out | bizqıstamağay edik qıstamağa edikwould that we did not drive out | sizqıstamağay edigiz qıstamağa edigizwould that you all did not drive out | alaqıstamağay edile qıstamağa edilewould that they did not drive out |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıstamağa qoyayımqıstama qoyayımlet me allow someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoy!qıstama qoy!let someone drive out! | olqıstamağa qoysunqıstama qoysunlet him allow someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoyayıqqıstama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoyuğuz!qıstama qoyuğuz!let someone drive out, you all! | alaqıstamağa qoysunlaqıstama qoysunlalet them allow someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıstamağa qoymayımqıstama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoyma!qıstama qoyma!don't let someone drive out! | olqıstamağa qoymasınqıstama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoymayıqqıstama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoymağız!qıstama qoymağız!don't let someone drive out, you all! | alaqıstamağa qoymasınlaqıstama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıstamağa qoyayımmı?qıstama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoysunmu?qıstama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoyayıqmı?qıstama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoysunlamı?qıstama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to drive out? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqıstamağa qoymayımmı?qıstama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoymasınmı?qıstama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoymayıqmı?qıstama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoymasınlamı?qıstama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to drive out? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqıstamağa qoyamaqıstama qoyamaI allow someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoyasaqıstama qoyasayou allow someone to drive out | olqıstamağa qoyadıqıstama qoyadıhe allows someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoyabızqıstama qoyabızwe allow someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoyasızqıstama qoyasızyou all allow someone to drive out | alaqıstamağa qoyadılaqıstama qoyadılathey allow someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıstamağa qoymaymaqıstama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoymaysaqıstama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to drive out | olqıstamağa qoymaydıqıstama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoymaybızqıstama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoymaysızqıstama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to drive out | alaqıstamağa qoymaydılaqıstama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıstamağa qoyamamı?qıstama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to drive out? | senqıstamağa qoyamısa?qıstama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoyamıdı?qıstama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoyabızmı?qıstama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to drive out? | sizqıstamağa qoyamısız?qıstama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoyamıdıla?qıstama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to drive out? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqıstamağa qoymaymamı?qıstama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to drive out? | senqıstamağa qoymaymısa?qıstama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoymaymıdı?qıstama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoymaybızmı?qıstama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to drive out? | sizqıstamağa qoymaymısız?qıstama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoymaymıdıla?qıstama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to drive out? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıstamağa qoydumqıstama qoydumI allowed someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoyduŋqıstama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to drive out | olqıstamağa qoyduqıstama qoyduhe allowed someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoyduqqıstama qoyduqwe allowed someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoyduğuzqıstama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to drive out | alaqıstamağa qoydulaqıstama qoydulathey allowed someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıstamağa qoymadımqıstama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to drive out | senqıstamağa qoymadıŋqıstama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to drive out | olqıstamağa qoymadıqıstama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to drive out | bizqıstamağa qoymadıqqıstama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to drive out | sizqıstamağa qoymadığızqıstama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to drive out | alaqıstamağa qoymadılaqıstama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to drive out |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıstamağa qoydummu?qıstama qoydummu?did I allow someone to drive out? | senqıstamağa qoyduŋmu?qıstama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoydumu?qıstama qoydumu?did he allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoyduqmu?qıstama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to drive out? | sizqıstamağa qoyduğuzmu?qıstama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoydulamı?qıstama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to drive out? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqıstamağa qoymadımmı?qıstama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to drive out? | senqıstamağa qoymadıŋmı?qıstama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to drive out? | olqıstamağa qoymadımı?qıstama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to drive out? | bizqıstamağa qoymadıqmı?qıstama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to drive out? | sizqıstamağa qoymadığızmı?qıstama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to drive out? | alaqıstamağa qoymadılamı?qıstama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to drive out? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qıstayalırğa be able to drive out · qıstayalmazğa be unable to drive out
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqıstayalamaI can drive out | senqıstayalasayou can drive out | olqıstayaladıhe can drive out | bizqıstayalabızwe can drive out | sizqıstayalasızyou all can drive out | alaqıstayaladılathey can drive out |
| Ability — present | menqıstayalmaymaI can't drive out | senqıstayalmaysayou can't drive out | olqıstayalmaydıhe can't drive out | bizqıstayalmaybızwe can't drive out | sizqıstayalmaysızyou all can't drive out | alaqıstayalmaydılathey can't drive out |
| Ability — present | menqıstayalamamı? qıstayalamıma?can I drive out? | senqıstayalamısa?can you drive out? | olqıstayalamıdı?can he drive out? | bizqıstayalabızmı? qıstayalamıbız?can we drive out? | sizqıstayalamısız?can you all drive out? | alaqıstayalamıdıla?can they drive out? |
| Ability — present | menqıstayalmaymamı? qıstayalmaymıma?can't I drive out? | senqıstayalmaymısa?can't you drive out? | olqıstayalmaymıdı?can't he drive out? | bizqıstayalmaybızmı? qıstayalmaymıbız?can't we drive out? | sizqıstayalmaymısız?can't you all drive out? | alaqıstayalmaymıdıla?can't they drive out? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıstayalsamif I can drive out | senqıstayalsaŋif you can drive out | olqıstayalsaif he can drive out | bizqıstayalsaqif we can drive out | sizqıstayalsağızif you all can drive out | alaqıstayalsalaif they can drive out |
| Ability — if I can… | menqıstayalmasamif I can't drive out | senqıstayalmasaŋif you can't drive out | olqıstayalmasaif he can't drive out | bizqıstayalmasaqif we can't drive out | sizqıstayalmasağızif you all can't drive out | alaqıstayalmasalaif they can't drive out |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqıstayaldımI was able to drive out | senqıstayaldıŋyou were able to drive out | olqıstayaldıhe was able to drive out | bizqıstayaldıqwe were able to drive out | sizqıstayaldığızyou all were able to drive out | alaqıstayaldılathey were able to drive out |
| Ability — simple past | menqıstayalmadımI could not drive out | senqıstayalmadıŋyou could not drive out | olqıstayalmadıhe could not drive out | bizqıstayalmadıqwe could not drive out | sizqıstayalmadığızyou all could not drive out | alaqıstayalmadılathey could not drive out |
| Ability — simple past | menqıstayaldımmı?was I able to drive out? | senqıstayaldıŋmı?were you able to drive out? | olqıstayaldımı?was he able to drive out? | bizqıstayaldıqmı?were we able to drive out? | sizqıstayaldığızmı?were you all able to drive out? | alaqıstayaldılamı?were they able to drive out? |
| Ability — simple past | menqıstayalmadımmı?couldn't I drive out? | senqıstayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you drive out? | olqıstayalmadımı?couldn't he drive out? | bizqıstayalmadıqmı?couldn't we drive out? | sizqıstayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all drive out? | alaqıstayalmadılamı?couldn't they drive out? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıstayalğanmaI have been able to drive out | senqıstayalğansayou have been able to drive out | olqıstayalğandıhe has been able to drive out | bizqıstayalğanbızwe have been able to drive out | sizqıstayalğansızyou all have been able to drive out | alaqıstayalğandılathey have been able to drive out |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıstayalmağanmaI haven't been able to drive out | senqıstayalmağansayou haven't been able to drive out | olqıstayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to drive out | bizqıstayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to drive out | sizqıstayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to drive out | alaqıstayalmağandılathey haven't been able to drive out |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıstayalğanmamı? qıstayalğanmıma?have I been able to drive out? | senqıstayalğanmısa?have you been able to drive out? | olqıstayalğanmıdı?has he been able to drive out? | bizqıstayalğanbızmı? qıstayalğanmıbız?have we been able to drive out? | sizqıstayalğanmısız?have you all been able to drive out? | alaqıstayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to drive out? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqıstayalmağanmamı? qıstayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to drive out? | senqıstayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to drive out? | olqıstayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to drive out? | bizqıstayalmağanbızmı? qıstayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to drive out? | sizqıstayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to drive out? | alaqıstayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to drive out? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıstayalğan edimqıstayalğanemI had been able to drive out | senqıstayalğan ediŋqıstayalğaneŋyou had been able to drive out | olqıstayalğan ediqıstayalğanedhe had been able to drive out | bizqıstayalğan edikqıstayalğanekwe had been able to drive out | sizqıstayalğan edigizqıstayalğanegizyou all had been able to drive out | alaqıstayalğan edileqıstayalğanellethey had been able to drive out |
| Ability — past perfect | menqıstayalmağan edimqıstayalmağanemI hadn't been able to drive out | senqıstayalmağan ediŋqıstayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to drive out | olqıstayalmağan ediqıstayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to drive out | bizqıstayalmağan edikqıstayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to drive out | sizqıstayalmağan edigizqıstayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to drive out | alaqıstayalmağan edileqıstayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to drive out |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqıstayala edimqıstayalaemI could drive out | senqıstayala ediŋqıstayalaeŋyou could drive out | olqıstayala ediqıstayalaedhe could drive out | bizqıstayala edikqıstayalaekwe could drive out | sizqıstayala edigizqıstayalaegizyou all could drive out | alaqıstayala edileqıstayalaellethey could drive out |
| Ability — past background | menqıstayalmay edimqıstayalmayemI could not drive out | senqıstayalmay ediŋqıstayalmayeŋyou could not drive out | olqıstayalmay ediqıstayalmayedhe could not drive out | bizqıstayalmay edikqıstayalmayekwe could not drive out | sizqıstayalmay edigizqıstayalmayegizyou all could not drive out | alaqıstayalmay edileqıstayalmayellethey could not drive out |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqıstayalırmaI will be able to drive out | senqıstayalırsayou will be able to drive out | olqıstayalırhe will be able to drive out | bizqıstayalırbızwe will be able to drive out | sizqıstayalırsızyou all will be able to drive out | alaqıstayalırlathey will be able to drive out |
| Ability — future I | menqıstayalmazmaI won't be able to drive out | senqıstayalmazsayou won't be able to drive out | olqıstayalmazhe won't be able to drive out | bizqıstayalmazbızwe won't be able to drive out | sizqıstayalmazsızyou all won't be able to drive out | alaqıstayalmazlathey won't be able to drive out |
| Ability — future I | menqıstayalırmamı? qıstayalırmıma?will I be able to drive out? | senqıstayalırmısa?will you be able to drive out? | olqıstayalırmı?will he be able to drive out? | bizqıstayalırbızmı? qıstayalırmıbız?will we be able to drive out? | sizqıstayalırmısız?will you all be able to drive out? | alaqıstayalırlamı? qıstayalırmıla?will they be able to drive out? |
| Ability — future I | menqıstayalmazmamı? qıstayalmazmıma?won't I be able to drive out? | senqıstayalmazmısa?won't you be able to drive out? | olqıstayalmazmı?won't he be able to drive out? | bizqıstayalmazbızmı? qıstayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to drive out? | sizqıstayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to drive out? | alaqıstayalmazlamı? qıstayalmazmıla?won't they be able to drive out? |
| Ability — future II | menqıstayallıqmaI am going to be able to drive out | senqıstayallıqsayou are going to be able to drive out | olqıstayallıqdıhe is going to be able to drive out | bizqıstayallıqbızwe are going to be able to drive out | sizqıstayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to drive out | alaqıstayallıqdılathey are going to be able to drive out |
| Ability — future II | menqıstayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to drive out | senqıstayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to drive out | olqıstayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to drive out | bizqıstayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to drive out | sizqıstayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to drive out | alaqıstayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to drive out |
| Ability — future II | menqıstayallıqmamı? qıstayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to drive out? | senqıstayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to drive out? | olqıstayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to drive out? | bizqıstayallıqbızmı? qıstayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to drive out? | sizqıstayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to drive out? | alaqıstayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to drive out? |
| Ability — future II | menqıstayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to drive out? | senqıstayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to drive out? | olqıstayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to drive out? | bizqıstayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to drive out? | sizqıstayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to drive out? | alaqıstayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to drive out? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıstayalır edimqıstayalır emI would be able to drive out | senqıstayalır ediŋqıstayalır eŋyou would be able to drive out | olqıstayalır ediqıstayalır edhe would be able to drive out | bizqıstayalır edikqıstayalır ekwe would be able to drive out | sizqıstayalır edigizqıstayalır egizyou all would be able to drive out | alaqıstayalır edileqıstayalır ellethey would be able to drive out |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqıstayalmaz edimqıstayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to drive out | senqıstayalmaz ediŋqıstayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to drive out | olqıstayalmaz ediqıstayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to drive out | bizqıstayalmaz edikqıstayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to drive out | sizqıstayalmaz edigizqıstayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to drive out | alaqıstayalmaz edileqıstayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to drive out |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıstayalğınqıstayalğımay you be able to drive out | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqıstayalmağınqıstayalmağımay you not be able to drive out | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqıstarğa izleymeI want to drive out | senqıstarğa izleyseyou want to drive out | olqıstarğa izleydihe wants to drive out | bizqıstarğa izleybizwe want to drive out | sizqıstarğa izleysizyou all want to drive out | alaqıstarğa izleydilethey want to drive out |
| want to | menqıstarğa izlemeymeI do not want to drive out | senqıstarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to drive out | olqıstarğa izlemeydihe does not want to drive out | bizqıstarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to drive out | sizqıstarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to drive out | alaqıstarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to drive out |
| would like to | menqıstarğa süemeI would like to drive out | senqıstarğa süeseyou would like to drive out | olqıstarğa süedihe would like to drive out | bizqıstarğa süebizwe would like to drive out | sizqıstarğa süesizyou all would like to drive out | alaqıstarğa süedilethey would like to drive out |
| would like to | menqıstarğa süymeymeI would not like to drive out | senqıstarğa süymeyseyou would not like to drive out | olqıstarğa süymeydihe would not like to drive out | bizqıstarğa süymeybizwe would not like to drive out | sizqıstarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to drive out | alaqıstarğa süymeydilethey would not like to drive out |
| hope to | menqıstarğa umutlanamaI hope to drive out | senqıstarğa umutlanasayou hope to drive out | olqıstarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to drive out | bizqıstarğa umutlanabızwe hope to drive out | sizqıstarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to drive out | alaqıstarğa umutlanadılathey hope to drive out |
| hope to | menqıstarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to drive out | senqıstarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to drive out | olqıstarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to drive out | bizqıstarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to drive out | sizqıstarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to drive out | alaqıstarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to drive out |
| be about to | menqıstarğa deb turamaI am about to drive out | senqıstarğa deb turasayou are about to drive out | olqıstarğa deb turadıhe is about to drive out | bizqıstarğa deb turabızwe are about to drive out | sizqıstarğa deb turasızyou all are about to drive out | alaqıstarğa deb turadılathey are about to drive out |
| be about to | menqıstarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to drive out | senqıstarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to drive out | olqıstarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to drive out | bizqıstarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to drive out | sizqıstarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to drive out | alaqıstarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to drive out |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqıstarğa kerekmeI need to drive out | senqıstarğa kerekseyou need to drive out | olqıstarğa kerekdihe needs to drive out | bizqıstarğa kerekbizwe need to drive out | sizqıstarğa kereksizyou all need to drive out | alaqıstarğa kerekdilethey need to drive out |
| need to | menqıstarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to drive out | senqıstarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to drive out | olqıstarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to drive out | bizqıstarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to drive out | sizqıstarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to drive out | alaqıstarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to drive out |
| have to | menmenŋe qıstarğa tüşediI have to drive out | sensenŋe qıstarğa tüşediyou have to drive out | olaŋa qıstarğa tüşedihe has to drive out | bizbizge qıstarğa tüşediwe have to drive out | sizsizge qıstarğa tüşediyou all have to drive out | alaalağa qıstarğa tüşedithey have to drive out |
| have to | menmenŋe qıstarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to drive out | sensenŋe qıstarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to drive out | olaŋa qıstarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to drive out | bizbizge qıstarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to drive out | sizsizge qıstarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to drive out | alaalağa qıstarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to drive out |
| be obliged to | menqıstarğa borçlumaI am obliged to drive out | senqıstarğa borçlusayou are obliged to drive out | olqıstarğa borçluduhe is obliged to drive out | bizqıstarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to drive out | sizqıstarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to drive out | alaqıstarğa borçludulathey are obliged to drive out |
| be obliged to | menqıstarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to drive out | senqıstarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to drive out | olqıstarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to drive out | bizqıstarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to drive out | sizqıstarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to drive out | alaqıstarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to drive out |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqıstarğa madarım bardıI have a way to drive out | senqıstarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to drive out | olqıstarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to drive out | bizqıstarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to drive out | sizqıstarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to drive out | alaqıstarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to drive out |
| have a way to | menqıstarğa madarım joqduI have no way to drive out | senqıstarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to drive out | olqıstarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to drive out | bizqıstarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to drive out | sizqıstarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to drive out | alaqıstarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to drive out |
| be free to | menqıstarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to drive out | senqıstarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to drive out | olqıstarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to drive out | bizqıstarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to drive out | sizqıstarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to drive out | alaqıstarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to drive out |
| be free to | menqıstarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to drive out | senqıstarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to drive out | olqıstarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to drive out | bizqıstarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to drive out | sizqıstarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to drive out | alaqıstarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to drive out |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to drive out | sensenŋe qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to drive out | olaŋa qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to drive out | bizbizge qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to drive out | sizsizge qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to drive out | alaalağa qıstarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to drive out |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to drive out | sensenŋe qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to drive out | olaŋa qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to drive out | bizbizge qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to drive out | sizsizge qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to drive out | alaalağa qıstarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to drive out |
| be ready to | menqıstarğa hazırmaI am ready to drive out | senqıstarğa hazırsayou are ready to drive out | olqıstarğa hazırdıhe is ready to drive out | bizqıstarğa hazırbızwe are ready to drive out | sizqıstarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to drive out | alaqıstarğa hazırdılathey are ready to drive out |
| be ready to | menqıstarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to drive out | senqıstarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to drive out | olqıstarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to drive out | bizqıstarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to drive out | sizqıstarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to drive out | alaqıstarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to drive out |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqıstarğa küreşemeI am trying to drive out | senqıstarğa küreşeseyou are trying to drive out | olqıstarğa küreşedihe is trying to drive out | bizqıstarğa küreşebizwe are trying to drive out | sizqıstarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to drive out | alaqıstarğa küreşedilethey are trying to drive out |
| try to | menqıstarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to drive out | senqıstarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to drive out | olqıstarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to drive out | bizqıstarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to drive out | sizqıstarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to drive out | alaqıstarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to drive out |
| agree to | menqıstarğa unaymaI agree to drive out | senqıstarğa unaysayou agree to drive out | olqıstarğa unaydıhe agrees to drive out | bizqıstarğa unaybızwe agree to drive out | sizqıstarğa unaysızyou all agree to drive out | alaqıstarğa unaydılathey agree to drive out |
| agree to | menqıstarğa unamaymaI refuse to drive out | senqıstarğa unamaysayou refuse to drive out | olqıstarğa unamaydıhe refuses to drive out | bizqıstarğa unamaybızwe refuse to drive out | sizqıstarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to drive out | alaqıstarğa unamaydılathey refuse to drive out |
| hurry to | menqıstarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to drive out | senqıstarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to drive out | olqıstarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to drive out | bizqıstarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to drive out | sizqıstarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to drive out | alaqıstarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to drive out |
| hurry to | menqıstarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to drive out | senqıstarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to drive out | olqıstarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to drive out | bizqıstarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to drive out | sizqıstarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to drive out | alaqıstarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to drive out |
| be afraid to | menqıstarğa qorqamaI am afraid to drive out | senqıstarğa qorqasayou are afraid to drive out | olqıstarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to drive out | bizqıstarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to drive out | sizqıstarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to drive out | alaqıstarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to drive out |
| be afraid to | menqıstarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to drive out | senqıstarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to drive out | olqıstarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to drive out | bizqıstarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to drive out | sizqıstarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to drive out | alaqıstarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to drive out |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqıstay bolmazmaI can't be driving out | senqıstay bolmazsayou can't be driving out | olqıstay bolmazhe can't be driving out | bizqıstay bolmazbızwe can't be driving out | sizqıstay bolmazsızyou all can't be driving out | alaqıstay bolmazlathey can't be driving out |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqıstamay bolmazmaI must be driving out (emphatic) | senqıstamay bolmazsayou must be driving out (emphatic) | olqıstamay bolmazhe must be driving out (emphatic) | bizqıstamay bolmazbızwe must be driving out (emphatic) | sizqıstamay bolmazsızyou all must be driving out (emphatic) | alaqıstamay bolmazlathey must be driving out (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqıstay turmasamif I don't keep driving out | senqıstay turmasaŋif you don't keep driving out | olqıstay turmasaif he doesn't keep driving out | bizqıstay turmasaqif we don't keep driving out | sizqıstay turmasağızif you all don't keep driving out | alaqıstay turmasalaif they don't keep driving out |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqıstay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of driving out | senqıstay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of driving out | olqıstay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of driving out | bizqıstay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of driving out | sizqıstay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of driving out | alaqıstay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of driving out |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqıstamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not driving out (emphatic) | senqıstamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not driving out (emphatic) | olqıstamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not driving out (emphatic) | bizqıstamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not driving out (emphatic) | sizqıstamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not driving out (emphatic) | alaqıstamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not driving out (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqıstamay turamaI keep on not driving out | senqıstamay turasayou keep on not driving out | olqıstamay turadıhe keeps on not driving out | bizqıstamay turabızwe keep on not driving out | sizqıstamay turasızyou all keep on not driving out | alaqıstamay turadılathey keep on not driving out |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıstamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not driving out | senqıstamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not driving out | olqıstamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not driving out | bizqıstamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not driving out | sizqıstamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not driving out | alaqıstamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not driving out |
| Progressive — double negation | menqıstamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not driving out? | senqıstamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not driving out? | olqıstamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not driving out? | bizqıstamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not driving out? | sizqıstamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not driving out? | alaqıstamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not driving out? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqıstağan bolmazmaI can't have driven out | senqıstağan bolmazsayou can't have driven out | olqıstağan bolmazhe can't have driven out | bizqıstağan bolmazbızwe can't have driven out | sizqıstağan bolmazsızyou all can't have driven out | alaqıstağan bolmazlathey can't have driven out |
| Inference — double negation | menqıstamağan bolmazmaI must have driven out (emphatic) | senqıstamağan bolmazsayou must have driven out (emphatic) | olqıstamağan bolmazhe must have driven out (emphatic) | bizqıstamağan bolmazbızwe must have driven out (emphatic) | sizqıstamağan bolmazsızyou all must have driven out (emphatic) | alaqıstamağan bolmazlathey must have driven out (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqıstağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had driven out | senqıstağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had driven out | olqıstağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had driven out | bizqıstağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had driven out | sizqıstağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had driven out | alaqıstağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had driven out |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqıstamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't driven out | senqıstamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't driven out | olqıstamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't driven out | bizqıstamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't driven out | sizqıstamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't driven out | alaqıstamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't driven out |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqıstarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to drive out | senqıstarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to drive out | olqıstarıq bolmazhe can't be going to drive out | bizqıstarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to drive out | sizqıstarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to drive out | alaqıstarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to drive out |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqıstamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to drive out (emphatic) | senqıstamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to drive out (emphatic) | olqıstamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to drive out (emphatic) | bizqıstamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to drive out (emphatic) | sizqıstamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to drive out (emphatic) | alaqıstamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to drive out (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqıstarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to drive out | senqıstarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to drive out | olqıstarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to drive out | bizqıstarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to drive out | sizqıstarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to drive out | alaqıstarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to drive out |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqıstamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to drive out | senqıstamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to drive out | olqıstamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to drive out | bizqıstamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to drive out | sizqıstamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to drive out | alaqıstamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to drive out |