buzarğa
/buzarʁa/
1. spoil, break, damage, put out of order
- kiritni buzarğa — to break the lock
- tiyme, buzarğa tebregense! — don't touch it, you'll break it!
- sabiy kiritni buzdu — the child broke the lock
- maşinanı buzdu — he broke the machine
- buzub boşarğa — to spoil the whole of it
- aşağanım içimi buzğandı — the food I ate has upset my stomach
2. upset, disrupt, disturb; spoil (relations, a mood, plans)
- kefin buzarğa — to spoil someone's mood
- ortanı buzmağız — don't spoil relations between you
- ortanı buzarğa — to spoil relations, to set people at odds
- sawluğuŋu buzarğa — to ruin your health
- tüzelgen işni buzarğa — to upset a business that had got going
- tamadanı teren sağışın buzarğa bazınmadı — he did not dare to disturb the elder's deep thought
3. annul, cancel, rescind; dissolve (a contract)
- begimni buzarğa — to rescind the decision
- begimni buzdu — he rescinded the decision
- buzarğa bolmağan — that cannot be annulled
4. violate, break (a rule, law or custom) — Said of a rule, a law, a custom, a promise or discipline.
- joruqnu buzarğa — to break the rules
- joruqnu buzmazğa kerekdi — one must not break the rules
- adetni buzarğa — to break a custom
- adetni buzarğa jaramaz — it won't do to break a custom
- nizamnı buzarğa qoyma — don't let discipline be broken
- zakonnu buzarğa — to break the law
5. cross out, strike off
- jazılğannı buzarğa — to cross out what has been written
- jazğanın buzdu — he crossed out what he had written
- atın buzarğa — to strike his name off
6. corrupt, deprave, be a bad influence on
- qılığın buzarğa — to corrupt someone's character
- soqur süymeklik sabiyni buzarğa boladı — blind love can spoil a child
- aŋısın buzarğa — to poison someone's mind
- halisin buzarğa — to spoil someone's upbringing
7. change money, break a note
- açhanı buzarğa — to change the money
- açhanı buzdu — he changed the money
- menŋe açha buz — change some money for me
Expressions
- kesin buzarğa — lose one's temper
- araların buzmazğa — keep on good terms
- buzmağan surat — strikingly beautiful person
- duniyanı buzarğa — raise an uproar
Conjugation
Common forms
- buzadıhe is spoiling
- buzduhe spoiled
- buzğandıhe has spoiled
- buzarhe will spoil
- buzarıqdıhe is going to spoil
- buza edihe was spoiling
- buzsaif he spoils
- buz!spoil!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuzamaI am spoiling | senbuzasayou are spoiling | olbuzadıhe is spoiling | bizbuzabızwe are spoiling | sizbuzasızyou all are spoiling | alabuzadılathey are spoiling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuzmaymaI am not spoiling | senbuzmaysayou are not spoiling | olbuzmaydıhe is not spoiling | bizbuzmaybızwe are not spoiling | sizbuzmaysızyou all are not spoiling | alabuzmaydılathey are not spoiling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuzamamı? buzamıma?am I spoiling? | senbuzamısa?are you spoiling? | olbuzamıdı?is he spoiling? | bizbuzabızmı? buzamıbız?are we spoiling? | sizbuzamısız?are you all spoiling? | alabuzamıdıla?are they spoiling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbuzmaymamı? buzmaymıma?aren't I spoiling? | senbuzmaymısa?aren't you spoiling? | olbuzmaymıdı?isn't he spoiling? | bizbuzmaybızmı? buzmaymıbız?aren't we spoiling? | sizbuzmaymısız?aren't you all spoiling? | alabuzmaymıdıla?aren't they spoiling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuzuwçanmaI usually spoil | senbuzuwçansayou usually spoil | olbuzuwçandıhe usually spoils | bizbuzuwçanbızwe usually spoil | sizbuzuwçansızyou all usually spoil | alabuzuwçandılathey usually spoil |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuzmawçanmaI usually don't spoil | senbuzmawçansayou usually don't spoil | olbuzmawçandıhe usually doesn't spoil | bizbuzmawçanbızwe usually don't spoil | sizbuzmawçansızyou all usually don't spoil | alabuzmawçandılathey usually don't spoil |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuzuwçanmamı? buzuwçanmıma?do I usually spoil? | senbuzuwçanmısa?do you usually spoil? | olbuzuwçanmıdı?does he usually spoil? | bizbuzuwçanbızmı? buzuwçanmıbız?do we usually spoil? | sizbuzuwçanmısız?do you all usually spoil? | alabuzuwçanmıdıla?do they usually spoil? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbuzmawçanmamı? buzmawçanmıma?do I usually not spoil? | senbuzmawçanmısa?do you usually not spoil? | olbuzmawçanmıdı?does he usually not spoil? | bizbuzmawçanbızmı? buzmawçanmıbız?do we usually not spoil? | sizbuzmawçanmısız?do you all usually not spoil? | alabuzmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spoil? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbuzubduhe has spoiled and remains so | alabuzubdulathey have spoiled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbuzubmudu?has he spoiled? | alabuzubmudula?have they spoiled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuzub turamaI keep spoiling | senbuzub turasayou keep spoiling | olbuzub turadıhe keeps spoiling | bizbuzub turabızwe keep spoiling | sizbuzub turasızyou all keep spoiling | alabuzub turadılathey keep spoiling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuzub turmaymaI don't keep spoiling | senbuzub turmaysayou don't keep spoiling | olbuzub turmaydıhe doesn't keep spoiling | bizbuzub turmaybızwe don't keep spoiling | sizbuzub turmaysızyou all don't keep spoiling | alabuzub turmaydılathey don't keep spoiling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuzub turamamı? buzub turamıma?do I keep spoiling? | senbuzub turamısa?do you keep spoiling? | olbuzub turamıdı?does he keep spoiling? | bizbuzub turabızmı? buzub turamıbız?do we keep spoiling? | sizbuzub turamısız?do you all keep spoiling? | alabuzub turamıdıla?do they keep spoiling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbuzub turmaymamı? buzub turmaymıma?don't I keep spoiling? | senbuzub turmaymısa?don't you keep spoiling? | olbuzub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spoiling? | bizbuzub turmaybızmı? buzub turmaymıbız?don't we keep spoiling? | sizbuzub turmaymısız?don't you all keep spoiling? | alabuzub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spoiling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuza turamaI am in the middle of spoiling | senbuza turasayou are in the middle of spoiling | olbuza turadıhe is in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza turabızwe are in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza turasızyou all are in the middle of spoiling | alabuza turadılathey are in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuza turmaymaI am not in the middle of spoiling | senbuza turmaysayou are not in the middle of spoiling | olbuza turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spoiling | alabuza turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuza turamamı? buza turamıma?am I in the middle of spoiling? | senbuza turamısa?are you in the middle of spoiling? | olbuza turamıdı?is he in the middle of spoiling? | bizbuza turabızmı? buza turamıbız?are we in the middle of spoiling? | sizbuza turamısız?are you all in the middle of spoiling? | alabuza turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spoiling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbuza turmaymamı? buza turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spoiling? | senbuza turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spoiling? | olbuza turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spoiling? | bizbuza turmaybızmı? buza turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spoiling? | sizbuza turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spoiling? | alabuza turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spoiling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuzdumI spoiled | senbuzduŋyou spoiled | olbuzduhe spoiled | bizbuzduqwe spoiled | sizbuzduğuzyou all spoiled | alabuzdulathey spoiled |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuzmadımI didn't spoil | senbuzmadıŋyou didn't spoil | olbuzmadıhe didn't spoil | bizbuzmadıqwe didn't spoil | sizbuzmadığızyou all didn't spoil | alabuzmadılathey didn't spoil |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuzdummu?did I spoil? | senbuzduŋmu?did you spoil? | olbuzdumu?did he spoil? | bizbuzduqmu?did we spoil? | sizbuzduğuzmu?did you all spoil? | alabuzdulamı?did they spoil? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbuzmadımmı?didn't I spoil? | senbuzmadıŋmı?didn't you spoil? | olbuzmadımı?didn't he spoil? | bizbuzmadıqmı?didn't we spoil? | sizbuzmadığızmı?didn't you all spoil? | alabuzmadılamı?didn't they spoil? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuzğanmaI have spoiled | senbuzğansayou have spoiled | olbuzğandıhe has spoiled | bizbuzğanbızwe have spoiled | sizbuzğansızyou all have spoiled | alabuzğandılathey have spoiled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuzmağanmaI haven't spoiled | senbuzmağansayou haven't spoiled | olbuzmağandıhe hasn't spoiled | bizbuzmağanbızwe haven't spoiled | sizbuzmağansızyou all haven't spoiled | alabuzmağandılathey haven't spoiled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuzğanmamı? buzğanmıma?have I spoiled? | senbuzğanmısa?have you spoiled? | olbuzğanmıdı?has he spoiled? | bizbuzğanbızmı? buzğanmıbız?have we spoiled? | sizbuzğanmısız?have you all spoiled? | alabuzğanmıdıla?have they spoiled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbuzmağanmamı? buzmağanmıma?haven't I spoiled? | senbuzmağanmısa?haven't you spoiled? | olbuzmağanmıdı?hasn't he spoiled? | bizbuzmağanbızmı? buzmağanmıbız?haven't we spoiled? | sizbuzmağanmısız?haven't you all spoiled? | alabuzmağanmıdıla?haven't they spoiled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbuzub turdumI kept spoiling | senbuzub turduŋyou kept spoiling | olbuzub turduhe kept spoiling | bizbuzub turduqwe kept spoiling | sizbuzub turduğuzyou all kept spoiling | alabuzub turdulathey kept spoiling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbuzub turmadımI didn't keep spoiling | senbuzub turmadıŋyou didn't keep spoiling | olbuzub turmadıhe didn't keep spoiling | bizbuzub turmadıqwe didn't keep spoiling | sizbuzub turmadığızyou all didn't keep spoiling | alabuzub turmadılathey didn't keep spoiling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuzarmaI will spoil | senbuzarsayou will spoil | olbuzarhe will spoil | bizbuzarbızwe will spoil | sizbuzarsızyou all will spoil | alabuzarlathey will spoil |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuzmazmaI won't spoil | senbuzmazsayou won't spoil | olbuzmazhe won't spoil | bizbuzmazbızwe won't spoil | sizbuzmazsızyou all won't spoil | alabuzmazlathey won't spoil |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuzarmamı? buzarmıma?will I spoil? | senbuzarmısa?will you spoil? | olbuzarmı?will he spoil? | bizbuzarbızmı? buzarmıbız?will we spoil? | sizbuzarmısız?will you all spoil? | alabuzarlamı? buzarmıla?will they spoil? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbuzmazmamı? buzmazmıma?won't I spoil? | senbuzmazmısa?won't you spoil? | olbuzmazmı?won't he spoil? | bizbuzmazbızmı? buzmazmıbız?won't we spoil? | sizbuzmazmısız?won't you all spoil? | alabuzmazlamı? buzmazmıla?won't they spoil? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuzarıqmaI am going to spoil | senbuzarıqsayou are going to spoil | olbuzarıqdıhe is going to spoil | bizbuzarıqbızwe are going to spoil | sizbuzarıqsızyou all are going to spoil | alabuzarıqdılathey are going to spoil |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuzarıq tülmeI am not going to spoil | senbuzarıq tülseyou are not going to spoil | olbuzarıq tüldühe is not going to spoil | bizbuzarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spoil | sizbuzarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spoil | alabuzarıq tüldülethey are not going to spoil |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuzarıqmamı? buzarıqmıma?am I going to spoil? | senbuzarıqmısa?are you going to spoil? | olbuzarıqmıdı?is he going to spoil? | bizbuzarıqbızmı? buzarıqmıbız?are we going to spoil? | sizbuzarıqmısız?are you all going to spoil? | alabuzarıqmıdıla?are they going to spoil? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbuzarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spoil? | senbuzarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spoil? | olbuzarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spoil? | bizbuzarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spoil? | sizbuzarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spoil? | alabuzarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spoil? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbuzğan edimbuzğanemI had spoiled | senbuzğan ediŋbuzğaneŋyou had spoiled | olbuzğan edibuzğanedhe had spoiled | bizbuzğan edikbuzğanekwe had spoiled | sizbuzğan edigizbuzğanegizyou all had spoiled | alabuzğan edilebuzğanellethey had spoiled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbuzmağan edimbuzmağanemI hadn't spoiled | senbuzmağan ediŋbuzmağaneŋyou hadn't spoiled | olbuzmağan edibuzmağanedhe hadn't spoiled | bizbuzmağan edikbuzmağanekwe hadn't spoiled | sizbuzmağan edigizbuzmağanegizyou all hadn't spoiled | alabuzmağan edilebuzmağanellethey hadn't spoiled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbuza edimbuzaemI was spoiling | senbuza ediŋbuzaeŋyou were spoiling | olbuza edibuzaedhe was spoiling | bizbuza edikbuzaekwe were spoiling | sizbuza edigizbuzaegizyou all were spoiling | alabuza edilebuzaellethey were spoiling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbuzmay edimbuzmayemI wasn't spoiling | senbuzmay ediŋbuzmayeŋyou weren't spoiling | olbuzmay edibuzmayedhe wasn't spoiling | bizbuzmay edikbuzmayekwe weren't spoiling | sizbuzmay edigizbuzmayegizyou all weren't spoiling | alabuzmay edilebuzmayellethey weren't spoiling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbuzuwçan edimbuzuwçanemI used to spoil | senbuzuwçan ediŋbuzuwçaneŋyou used to spoil | olbuzuwçan edibuzuwçanedhe used to spoil | bizbuzuwçan edikbuzuwçanekwe used to spoil | sizbuzuwçan edigizbuzuwçanegizyou all used to spoil | alabuzuwçan edilebuzuwçanellethey used to spoil |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbuzmawçan edimbuzmawçanemI didn't use to spoil | senbuzmawçan ediŋbuzmawçaneŋyou didn't use to spoil | olbuzmawçan edibuzmawçanedhe didn't use to spoil | bizbuzmawçan edikbuzmawçanekwe didn't use to spoil | sizbuzmawçan edigizbuzmawçanegizyou all didn't use to spoil | alabuzmawçan edilebuzmawçanellethey didn't use to spoil |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbuzub edihe had spoiled and remained so | alabuzub edilethey had spoiled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbuzub tül edihe hadn't spoiled | alabuzub tül edilethey hadn't spoiled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbuzub tura edimbuzub turaemI had kept spoiling | senbuzub tura ediŋbuzub turaeŋyou had kept spoiling | olbuzub tura edibuzub turaedhe had kept spoiling | bizbuzub tura edikbuzub turaekwe had kept spoiling | sizbuzub tura edigizbuzub turaegizyou all had kept spoiling | alabuzub tura edilebuzub turaellethey had kept spoiling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbuzub turmay edimbuzub turmayemI hadn't kept spoiling | senbuzub turmay ediŋbuzub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spoiling | olbuzub turmay edibuzub turmayedhe hadn't kept spoiling | bizbuzub turmay edikbuzub turmayekwe hadn't kept spoiling | sizbuzub turmay edigizbuzub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spoiling | alabuzub turmay edilebuzub turmayellethey hadn't kept spoiling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbuza tura edimbuza turaemI was in the middle of spoiling | senbuza tura ediŋbuza turaeŋyou were in the middle of spoiling | olbuza tura edibuza turaedhe was in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza tura edikbuza turaekwe were in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza tura edigizbuza turaegizyou all were in the middle of spoiling | alabuza tura edilebuza turaellethey were in the middle of spoiling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbuza turmay edimbuza turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spoiling | senbuza turmay ediŋbuza turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spoiling | olbuza turmay edibuza turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza turmay edikbuza turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza turmay edigizbuza turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spoiling | alabuza turmay edilebuza turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spoiling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbuzar edimbuzar emI would spoil | senbuzar ediŋbuzar eŋyou would spoil | olbuzar edibuzar edhe would spoil | bizbuzar edikbuzar ekwe would spoil | sizbuzar edigizbuzar egizyou all would spoil | alabuzar edilebuzar ellethey would spoil |
| Conditional result (would) | menbuzmaz edimbuzmaz emI wouldn't spoil | senbuzmaz ediŋbuzmaz eŋyou wouldn't spoil | olbuzmaz edibuzmaz edhe wouldn't spoil | bizbuzmaz edikbuzmaz ekwe wouldn't spoil | sizbuzmaz edigizbuzmaz egizyou all wouldn't spoil | alabuzmaz edilebuzmaz ellethey wouldn't spoil |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbuzarıq edimbuzarıq emI would have spoiled | senbuzarıq ediŋbuzarıq eŋyou would have spoiled | olbuzarıq edibuzarıq edhe would have spoiled | bizbuzarıq edikbuzarıq ekwe would have spoiled | sizbuzarıq edigizbuzarıq egizyou all would have spoiled | alabuzarıq edilebuzarıq ellethey would have spoiled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbuzarıq tül edimbuzarıq tül emI wouldn't have spoiled | senbuzarıq tül ediŋbuzarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spoiled | olbuzarıq tül edibuzarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spoiled | bizbuzarıq tül edikbuzarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spoiled | sizbuzarıq tül edigizbuzarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spoiled | alabuzarıq tül edilebuzarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spoiled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbuzsamif I spoil | senbuzsaŋif you spoil | olbuzsaif he spoils | bizbuzsaqif we spoil | sizbuzsağızif you all spoil | alabuzsalaif they spoil |
| Conditional | menbuzmasamif I don't spoil | senbuzmasaŋif you don't spoil | olbuzmasaif he doesn't spoil | bizbuzmasaqif we don't spoil | sizbuzmasağızif you all don't spoil | alabuzmasalaif they don't spoil |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbuza esemif I am spoiling | senbuza eseŋif you are spoiling | olbuza eseif he is spoiling | bizbuza esekif we are spoiling | sizbuza esegizif you all are spoiling | alabuza eseleif they are spoiling |
| Conditional, present real | menbuzmay esemif I am not spoiling | senbuzmay eseŋif you are not spoiling | olbuzmay eseif he is not spoiling | bizbuzmay esekif we are not spoiling | sizbuzmay esegizif you all are not spoiling | alabuzmay eseleif they are not spoiling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbuzsam edibuzsam edif only I spoiled | senbuzsaŋ edibuzsaŋ edif only you spoiled | olbuzsa edibuzsaedif only he spoiled | bizbuzsaq edibuzsaq edif only we spoiled | sizbuzsağız edibuzsağız edif only you all spoiled | alabuzsala edibuzsalaedif only they spoiled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbuzmasam edibuzmasam edif only I didn't spoil | senbuzmasaŋ edibuzmasaŋ edif only you didn't spoil | olbuzmasa edibuzmasaedif only he didn't spoil | bizbuzmasaq edibuzmasaq edif only we didn't spoil | sizbuzmasağız edibuzmasağız edif only you all didn't spoil | alabuzmasala edibuzmasalaedif only they didn't spoil |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbuzub tursamif I carry on spoiling | senbuzub tursaŋif you carry on spoiling | olbuzub tursaif he carries on spoiling | bizbuzub tursaqif we carry on spoiling | sizbuzub tursağızif you all carry on spoiling | alabuzub tursalaif they carry on spoiling |
| Durative conditional | menbuzub turmasamif I don't carry on spoiling | senbuzub turmasaŋif you don't carry on spoiling | olbuzub turmasaif he doesn't carry on spoiling | bizbuzub turmasaqif we don't carry on spoiling | sizbuzub turmasağızif you all don't carry on spoiling | alabuzub turmasalaif they don't carry on spoiling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbuzub tura esemif I have kept spoiling | senbuzub tura eseŋif you have kept spoiling | olbuzub tura eseif he has kept spoiling | bizbuzub tura esekif we have kept spoiling | sizbuzub tura esegizif you all have kept spoiling | alabuzub tura eseleif they have kept spoiling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbuzub turmay esemif I haven't kept spoiling | senbuzub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spoiling | olbuzub turmay eseif he hasn't kept spoiling | bizbuzub turmay esekif we haven't kept spoiling | sizbuzub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spoiling | alabuzub turmay eseleif they haven't kept spoiling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbuza tursamif I keep spoiling | senbuza tursaŋif you keep spoiling | olbuza tursaif he keeps spoiling | bizbuza tursaqif we keep spoiling | sizbuza tursağızif you all keep spoiling | alabuza tursalaif they keep spoiling |
| Progressive conditional | menbuzmay tursamif I keep on not spoiling | senbuzmay tursaŋif you keep on not spoiling | olbuzmay tursaif he keeps on not spoiling | bizbuzmay tursaqif we keep on not spoiling | sizbuzmay tursağızif you all keep on not spoiling | alabuzmay tursalaif they keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbuza tura esemif I am in the middle of spoiling | senbuza tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spoiling | olbuza tura eseif he is in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza tura esekif we are in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spoiling | alabuza tura eseleif they are in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbuzmay tura esemif I keep on not spoiling | senbuzmay tura eseŋif you keep on not spoiling | olbuzmay tura eseif he keeps on not spoiling | bizbuzmay tura esekif we keep on not spoiling | sizbuzmay tura esegizif you all keep on not spoiling | alabuzmay tura eseleif they keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbuzdum esemif I spoiled | senbuzduŋ eseŋif you spoiled | olbuzdu eseif he spoiled | bizbuzduq esekif we spoiled | sizbuzduğuz esegizif you all spoiled | alabuzdula eseleif they spoiled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbuzmadım esemif I didn't spoil | senbuzmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spoil | olbuzmadı eseif he didn't spoil | bizbuzmadıq esekif we didn't spoil | sizbuzmadığız esegizif you all didn't spoil | alabuzmadıla eseleif they didn't spoil |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbuzğan esemif I did spoil (indeed) | senbuzğan eseŋif you did spoil (indeed) | olbuzğan eseif he did spoil (indeed) | bizbuzğan esekif we did spoil (indeed) | sizbuzğan esegizif you all did spoil (indeed) | alabuzğan eseleif they did spoil (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbuzmağan esemif I didn't spoil (indeed) | senbuzmağan eseŋif you didn't spoil (indeed) | olbuzmağan eseif he didn't spoil (indeed) | bizbuzmağan esekif we didn't spoil (indeed) | sizbuzmağan esegizif you all didn't spoil (indeed) | alabuzmağan eseleif they didn't spoil (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbuzğan bolsamif I had spoiled | senbuzğan bolsaŋif you had spoiled | olbuzğan bolsaif he had spoiled | bizbuzğan bolsaqif we had spoiled | sizbuzğan bolsağızif you all had spoiled | alabuzğan bolsalaif they had spoiled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbuzmağan bolsamif I hadn't spoiled | senbuzmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spoiled | olbuzmağan bolsaif he hadn't spoiled | bizbuzmağan bolsaqif we hadn't spoiled | sizbuzmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spoiled | alabuzmağan bolsalaif they hadn't spoiled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbuzğan bolsam edibuzğan bolsam edif only I had spoiled | senbuzğan bolsaŋ edibuzğan bolsaŋ edif only you had spoiled | olbuzğan bolsa edibuzğan bolsaedif only he had spoiled | bizbuzğan bolsaq edibuzğan bolsaq edif only we had spoiled | sizbuzğan bolsağız edibuzğan bolsağız edif only you all had spoiled | alabuzğan bolsala edibuzğan bolsalaedif only they had spoiled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbuzmağan bolsam edibuzmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spoiled | senbuzmağan bolsaŋ edibuzmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spoiled | olbuzmağan bolsa edibuzmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spoiled | bizbuzmağan bolsaq edibuzmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spoiled | sizbuzmağan bolsağız edibuzmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spoiled | alabuzmağan bolsala edibuzmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spoiled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbuzar esemif I will spoil | senbuzar eseŋif you will spoil | olbuzar eseif he will spoil | bizbuzar esekif we will spoil | sizbuzar esegizif you all will spoil | alabuzar eseleif they will spoil |
| Conditional, aorist | menbuzmaz esemif I won't spoil | senbuzmaz eseŋif you won't spoil | olbuzmaz eseif he won't spoil | bizbuzmaz esekif we won't spoil | sizbuzmaz esegizif you all won't spoil | alabuzmaz eseleif they won't spoil |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbuzarıq esemif I am going to spoil | senbuzarıq eseŋif you are going to spoil | olbuzarıq eseif he is going to spoil | bizbuzarıq esekif we are going to spoil | sizbuzarıq esegizif you all are going to spoil | alabuzarıq eseleif they are going to spoil |
| Conditional, future | menbuzarıq tül esemif I am not going to spoil | senbuzarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spoil | olbuzarıq tül eseif he is not going to spoil | bizbuzarıq tül esekif we are not going to spoil | sizbuzarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spoil | alabuzarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spoil |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbuzarıq bolsamif I were going to spoil | senbuzarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spoil | olbuzarıq bolsaif he were going to spoil | bizbuzarıq bolsaqif we were going to spoil | sizbuzarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spoil | alabuzarıq bolsalaif they were going to spoil |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbuzmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spoil | senbuzmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spoil | olbuzmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spoil | bizbuzmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spoil | sizbuzmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spoil | alabuzmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spoil |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso buzduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbuza bolurmaI must be spoiling | senbuza bolursayou must be spoiling | olbuza bolurhe must be spoiling | bizbuza bolurbuzwe must be spoiling | sizbuza bolursuzyou all must be spoiling | alabuza bolurlathey must be spoiling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbuzmay bolurmaI must not be spoiling | senbuzmay bolursayou must not be spoiling | olbuzmay bolurhe must not be spoiling | bizbuzmay bolurbuzwe must not be spoiling | sizbuzmay bolursuzyou all must not be spoiling | alabuzmay bolurlathey must not be spoiling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbuza tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spoiling | senbuza tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spoiling | olbuza tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spoiling | alabuza tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spoiling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbuzmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not spoiling | senbuzmay tura bolursayou must keep on not spoiling | olbuzmay tura bolurhe must keep on not spoiling | bizbuzmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spoiling | sizbuzmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spoiling | alabuzmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not spoiling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbuzğan bolurmaI must have spoiled | senbuzğan bolursayou must have spoiled | olbuzğan bolurhe must have spoiled | bizbuzğan bolurbuzwe must have spoiled | sizbuzğan bolursuzyou all must have spoiled | alabuzğan bolurlathey must have spoiled |
| Inference (must have) | menbuzmağan bolurmaI must not have spoiled | senbuzmağan bolursayou must not have spoiled | olbuzmağan bolurhe must not have spoiled | bizbuzmağan bolurbuzwe must not have spoiled | sizbuzmağan bolursuzyou all must not have spoiled | alabuzmağan bolurlathey must not have spoiled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbuzarıq bolurmaI must be going to spoil | senbuzarıq bolursayou must be going to spoil | olbuzarıq bolurhe must be going to spoil | bizbuzarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spoil | sizbuzarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spoil | alabuzarıq bolurlathey must be going to spoil |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbuzmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spoil | senbuzmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spoil | olbuzmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spoil | bizbuzmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spoil | sizbuzmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spoil | alabuzmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spoil |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbuzayımlet me spoil | senbuz!spoil! | olbuzsunlet him spoil | bizbuzayıqlet's spoil | sizbuzuğuz!spoil, you all! | alabuzsunlalet them spoil |
| Commands & suggestions | menbuzmayımlet me not spoil | senbuzma!don't spoil! | olbuzmasınlet him not spoil | bizbuzmayıqlet's not spoil | sizbuzmağız!don't spoil, you all! | alabuzmasınlalet them not spoil |
| Commands & suggestions | menbuzayımmı?shall I spoil? | olbuzsunmu?should he spoil? | bizbuzayıqmı?shall we spoil? | alabuzsunlamı?should they spoil? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbuzmayımmı?shall I not spoil? | olbuzmasınmı?should he not spoil? | bizbuzmayıqmı?shall we not spoil? | alabuzmasınlamı?should they not spoil? | ||
| Requests | senbuzçu2buzçunplease spoil | olbuzsunçudo let him spoil | sizbuzçuğuzplease spoil (plural/polite) | alabuzsunlaçıdo let them spoil | ||
| Requests | senbuzmaçı2buzmaçınplease don't spoil | olbuzmasınçıdo let him not spoil | sizbuzmaçığızplease don't spoil (plural/polite) | alabuzmasınlaçıdo let them not spoil | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbuzğunbuzğumay you spoil | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbuzmağınbuzmağımay you not spoil | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbuzğay edim buzğa edimwould that I spoiled | senbuzğay ediŋ buzğa ediŋwould that you spoiled | olbuzğay edi buzğa ediwould that he spoiled | bizbuzğay edik buzğa edikwould that we spoiled | sizbuzğay edigiz buzğa edigizwould that you all spoiled | alabuzğay edile buzğa edilewould that they spoiled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbuzmağay edim buzmağa edimwould that I did not spoil | senbuzmağay ediŋ buzmağa ediŋwould that you did not spoil | olbuzmağay edi buzmağa ediwould that he did not spoil | bizbuzmağay edik buzmağa edikwould that we did not spoil | sizbuzmağay edigiz buzmağa edigizwould that you all did not spoil | alabuzmağay edile buzmağa edilewould that they did not spoil |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuzmağa qoyayımbuzma qoyayımlet me allow someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoy!buzma qoy!let someone spoil! | olbuzmağa qoysunbuzma qoysunlet him allow someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoyayıqbuzma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoyuğuz!buzma qoyuğuz!let someone spoil, you all! | alabuzmağa qoysunlabuzma qoysunlalet them allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuzmağa qoymayımbuzma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoyma!buzma qoyma!don't let someone spoil! | olbuzmağa qoymasınbuzma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoymayıqbuzma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoymağız!buzma qoymağız!don't let someone spoil, you all! | alabuzmağa qoymasınlabuzma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuzmağa qoyayımmı?buzma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoysunmu?buzma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoyayıqmı?buzma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoysunlamı?buzma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spoil? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbuzmağa qoymayımmı?buzma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoymasınmı?buzma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoymayıqmı?buzma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoymasınlamı?buzma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spoil? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbuzmağa qoyamabuzma qoyamaI allow someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoyasabuzma qoyasayou allow someone to spoil | olbuzmağa qoyadıbuzma qoyadıhe allows someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoyabızbuzma qoyabızwe allow someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoyasızbuzma qoyasızyou all allow someone to spoil | alabuzmağa qoyadılabuzma qoyadılathey allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuzmağa qoymaymabuzma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoymaysabuzma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spoil | olbuzmağa qoymaydıbuzma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoymaybızbuzma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoymaysızbuzma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spoil | alabuzmağa qoymaydılabuzma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuzmağa qoyamamı?buzma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spoil? | senbuzmağa qoyamısa?buzma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoyamıdı?buzma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoyabızmı?buzma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spoil? | sizbuzmağa qoyamısız?buzma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoyamıdıla?buzma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbuzmağa qoymaymamı?buzma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spoil? | senbuzmağa qoymaymısa?buzma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoymaymıdı?buzma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoymaybızmı?buzma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spoil? | sizbuzmağa qoymaymısız?buzma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoymaymıdıla?buzma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuzmağa qoydumbuzma qoydumI allowed someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoyduŋbuzma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spoil | olbuzmağa qoydubuzma qoyduhe allowed someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoyduqbuzma qoyduqwe allowed someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoyduğuzbuzma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spoil | alabuzmağa qoydulabuzma qoydulathey allowed someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuzmağa qoymadımbuzma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spoil | senbuzmağa qoymadıŋbuzma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spoil | olbuzmağa qoymadıbuzma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spoil | bizbuzmağa qoymadıqbuzma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spoil | sizbuzmağa qoymadığızbuzma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spoil | alabuzmağa qoymadılabuzma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuzmağa qoydummu?buzma qoydummu?did I allow someone to spoil? | senbuzmağa qoyduŋmu?buzma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoydumu?buzma qoydumu?did he allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoyduqmu?buzma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spoil? | sizbuzmağa qoyduğuzmu?buzma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoydulamı?buzma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbuzmağa qoymadımmı?buzma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spoil? | senbuzmağa qoymadıŋmı?buzma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spoil? | olbuzmağa qoymadımı?buzma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spoil? | bizbuzmağa qoymadıqmı?buzma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spoil? | sizbuzmağa qoymadığızmı?buzma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spoil? | alabuzmağa qoymadılamı?buzma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spoil? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbuzalamaI can spoil | senbuzalasayou can spoil | olbuzaladıhe can spoil | bizbuzalabızwe can spoil | sizbuzalasızyou all can spoil | alabuzaladılathey can spoil |
| Ability — present | menbuzalmaymaI can't spoil | senbuzalmaysayou can't spoil | olbuzalmaydıhe can't spoil | bizbuzalmaybızwe can't spoil | sizbuzalmaysızyou all can't spoil | alabuzalmaydılathey can't spoil |
| Ability — present | menbuzalamamı? buzalamıma?can I spoil? | senbuzalamısa?can you spoil? | olbuzalamıdı?can he spoil? | bizbuzalabızmı? buzalamıbız?can we spoil? | sizbuzalamısız?can you all spoil? | alabuzalamıdıla?can they spoil? |
| Ability — present | menbuzalmaymamı? buzalmaymıma?can't I spoil? | senbuzalmaymısa?can't you spoil? | olbuzalmaymıdı?can't he spoil? | bizbuzalmaybızmı? buzalmaymıbız?can't we spoil? | sizbuzalmaymısız?can't you all spoil? | alabuzalmaymıdıla?can't they spoil? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbuzalsamif I can spoil | senbuzalsaŋif you can spoil | olbuzalsaif he can spoil | bizbuzalsaqif we can spoil | sizbuzalsağızif you all can spoil | alabuzalsalaif they can spoil |
| Ability — if I can… | menbuzalmasamif I can't spoil | senbuzalmasaŋif you can't spoil | olbuzalmasaif he can't spoil | bizbuzalmasaqif we can't spoil | sizbuzalmasağızif you all can't spoil | alabuzalmasalaif they can't spoil |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbuzaldımI was able to spoil | senbuzaldıŋyou were able to spoil | olbuzaldıhe was able to spoil | bizbuzaldıqwe were able to spoil | sizbuzaldığızyou all were able to spoil | alabuzaldılathey were able to spoil |
| Ability — simple past | menbuzalmadımI could not spoil | senbuzalmadıŋyou could not spoil | olbuzalmadıhe could not spoil | bizbuzalmadıqwe could not spoil | sizbuzalmadığızyou all could not spoil | alabuzalmadılathey could not spoil |
| Ability — simple past | menbuzaldımmı?was I able to spoil? | senbuzaldıŋmı?were you able to spoil? | olbuzaldımı?was he able to spoil? | bizbuzaldıqmı?were we able to spoil? | sizbuzaldığızmı?were you all able to spoil? | alabuzaldılamı?were they able to spoil? |
| Ability — simple past | menbuzalmadımmı?couldn't I spoil? | senbuzalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spoil? | olbuzalmadımı?couldn't he spoil? | bizbuzalmadıqmı?couldn't we spoil? | sizbuzalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spoil? | alabuzalmadılamı?couldn't they spoil? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuzalğanmaI have been able to spoil | senbuzalğansayou have been able to spoil | olbuzalğandıhe has been able to spoil | bizbuzalğanbızwe have been able to spoil | sizbuzalğansızyou all have been able to spoil | alabuzalğandılathey have been able to spoil |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuzalmağanmaI haven't been able to spoil | senbuzalmağansayou haven't been able to spoil | olbuzalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spoil | bizbuzalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spoil | sizbuzalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spoil | alabuzalmağandılathey haven't been able to spoil |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuzalğanmamı? buzalğanmıma?have I been able to spoil? | senbuzalğanmısa?have you been able to spoil? | olbuzalğanmıdı?has he been able to spoil? | bizbuzalğanbızmı? buzalğanmıbız?have we been able to spoil? | sizbuzalğanmısız?have you all been able to spoil? | alabuzalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spoil? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbuzalmağanmamı? buzalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spoil? | senbuzalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spoil? | olbuzalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spoil? | bizbuzalmağanbızmı? buzalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spoil? | sizbuzalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spoil? | alabuzalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spoil? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbuzalğan edimbuzalğanemI had been able to spoil | senbuzalğan ediŋbuzalğaneŋyou had been able to spoil | olbuzalğan edibuzalğanedhe had been able to spoil | bizbuzalğan edikbuzalğanekwe had been able to spoil | sizbuzalğan edigizbuzalğanegizyou all had been able to spoil | alabuzalğan edilebuzalğanellethey had been able to spoil |
| Ability — past perfect | menbuzalmağan edimbuzalmağanemI hadn't been able to spoil | senbuzalmağan ediŋbuzalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spoil | olbuzalmağan edibuzalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spoil | bizbuzalmağan edikbuzalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spoil | sizbuzalmağan edigizbuzalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spoil | alabuzalmağan edilebuzalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spoil |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbuzala edimbuzalaemI could spoil | senbuzala ediŋbuzalaeŋyou could spoil | olbuzala edibuzalaedhe could spoil | bizbuzala edikbuzalaekwe could spoil | sizbuzala edigizbuzalaegizyou all could spoil | alabuzala edilebuzalaellethey could spoil |
| Ability — past background | menbuzalmay edimbuzalmayemI could not spoil | senbuzalmay ediŋbuzalmayeŋyou could not spoil | olbuzalmay edibuzalmayedhe could not spoil | bizbuzalmay edikbuzalmayekwe could not spoil | sizbuzalmay edigizbuzalmayegizyou all could not spoil | alabuzalmay edilebuzalmayellethey could not spoil |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbuzalırmaI will be able to spoil | senbuzalırsayou will be able to spoil | olbuzalırhe will be able to spoil | bizbuzalırbızwe will be able to spoil | sizbuzalırsızyou all will be able to spoil | alabuzalırlathey will be able to spoil |
| Ability — future I | menbuzalmazmaI won't be able to spoil | senbuzalmazsayou won't be able to spoil | olbuzalmazhe won't be able to spoil | bizbuzalmazbızwe won't be able to spoil | sizbuzalmazsızyou all won't be able to spoil | alabuzalmazlathey won't be able to spoil |
| Ability — future I | menbuzalırmamı? buzalırmıma?will I be able to spoil? | senbuzalırmısa?will you be able to spoil? | olbuzalırmı?will he be able to spoil? | bizbuzalırbızmı? buzalırmıbız?will we be able to spoil? | sizbuzalırmısız?will you all be able to spoil? | alabuzalırlamı? buzalırmıla?will they be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future I | menbuzalmazmamı? buzalmazmıma?won't I be able to spoil? | senbuzalmazmısa?won't you be able to spoil? | olbuzalmazmı?won't he be able to spoil? | bizbuzalmazbızmı? buzalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spoil? | sizbuzalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spoil? | alabuzalmazlamı? buzalmazmıla?won't they be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future II | menbuzallıqmaI am going to be able to spoil | senbuzallıqsayou are going to be able to spoil | olbuzallıqdıhe is going to be able to spoil | bizbuzallıqbızwe are going to be able to spoil | sizbuzallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spoil | alabuzallıqdılathey are going to be able to spoil |
| Ability — future II | menbuzallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spoil | senbuzallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spoil | olbuzallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spoil | bizbuzallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spoil | sizbuzallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spoil | alabuzallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spoil |
| Ability — future II | menbuzallıqmamı? buzallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spoil? | senbuzallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spoil? | olbuzallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spoil? | bizbuzallıqbızmı? buzallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spoil? | sizbuzallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spoil? | alabuzallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future II | menbuzallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spoil? | senbuzallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spoil? | olbuzallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spoil? | bizbuzallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spoil? | sizbuzallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spoil? | alabuzallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spoil? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbuzalır edimbuzalır emI would be able to spoil | senbuzalır ediŋbuzalır eŋyou would be able to spoil | olbuzalır edibuzalır edhe would be able to spoil | bizbuzalır edikbuzalır ekwe would be able to spoil | sizbuzalır edigizbuzalır egizyou all would be able to spoil | alabuzalır edilebuzalır ellethey would be able to spoil |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbuzalmaz edimbuzalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spoil | senbuzalmaz ediŋbuzalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spoil | olbuzalmaz edibuzalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spoil | bizbuzalmaz edikbuzalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spoil | sizbuzalmaz edigizbuzalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spoil | alabuzalmaz edilebuzalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spoil |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbuzalğınbuzalğımay you be able to spoil | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbuzalmağınbuzalmağımay you not be able to spoil | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbuzarğa izleymeI want to spoil | senbuzarğa izleyseyou want to spoil | olbuzarğa izleydihe wants to spoil | bizbuzarğa izleybizwe want to spoil | sizbuzarğa izleysizyou all want to spoil | alabuzarğa izleydilethey want to spoil |
| want to | menbuzarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spoil | senbuzarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spoil | olbuzarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spoil | bizbuzarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spoil | sizbuzarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spoil | alabuzarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spoil |
| would like to | menbuzarğa süemeI would like to spoil | senbuzarğa süeseyou would like to spoil | olbuzarğa süedihe would like to spoil | bizbuzarğa süebizwe would like to spoil | sizbuzarğa süesizyou all would like to spoil | alabuzarğa süedilethey would like to spoil |
| would like to | menbuzarğa süymeymeI would not like to spoil | senbuzarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spoil | olbuzarğa süymeydihe would not like to spoil | bizbuzarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spoil | sizbuzarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spoil | alabuzarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spoil |
| hope to | menbuzarğa umutlanamaI hope to spoil | senbuzarğa umutlanasayou hope to spoil | olbuzarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spoil | bizbuzarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spoil | sizbuzarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spoil | alabuzarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spoil |
| hope to | menbuzarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spoil | senbuzarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spoil | olbuzarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spoil | bizbuzarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spoil | sizbuzarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spoil | alabuzarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spoil |
| be about to | menbuzarğa deb turamaI am about to spoil | senbuzarğa deb turasayou are about to spoil | olbuzarğa deb turadıhe is about to spoil | bizbuzarğa deb turabızwe are about to spoil | sizbuzarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spoil | alabuzarğa deb turadılathey are about to spoil |
| be about to | menbuzarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spoil | senbuzarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spoil | olbuzarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spoil | bizbuzarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spoil | sizbuzarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spoil | alabuzarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spoil |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbuzarğa kerekmeI need to spoil | senbuzarğa kerekseyou need to spoil | olbuzarğa kerekdihe needs to spoil | bizbuzarğa kerekbizwe need to spoil | sizbuzarğa kereksizyou all need to spoil | alabuzarğa kerekdilethey need to spoil |
| need to | menbuzarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spoil | senbuzarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spoil | olbuzarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spoil | bizbuzarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spoil | sizbuzarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spoil | alabuzarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spoil |
| have to | menmenŋe buzarğa tüşediI have to spoil | sensenŋe buzarğa tüşediyou have to spoil | olaŋa buzarğa tüşedihe has to spoil | bizbizge buzarğa tüşediwe have to spoil | sizsizge buzarğa tüşediyou all have to spoil | alaalağa buzarğa tüşedithey have to spoil |
| have to | menmenŋe buzarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spoil | sensenŋe buzarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spoil | olaŋa buzarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spoil | bizbizge buzarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spoil | sizsizge buzarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spoil | alaalağa buzarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spoil |
| be obliged to | menbuzarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spoil | senbuzarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spoil | olbuzarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spoil | bizbuzarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spoil | sizbuzarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spoil | alabuzarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spoil |
| be obliged to | menbuzarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spoil | senbuzarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spoil | olbuzarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spoil | bizbuzarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spoil | sizbuzarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spoil | alabuzarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spoil |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbuzarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spoil | senbuzarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spoil | olbuzarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spoil | bizbuzarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spoil | sizbuzarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spoil | alabuzarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spoil |
| have a way to | menbuzarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spoil | senbuzarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spoil | olbuzarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spoil | bizbuzarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spoil | sizbuzarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spoil | alabuzarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spoil |
| be free to | menbuzarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spoil | senbuzarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spoil | olbuzarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spoil | bizbuzarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spoil | sizbuzarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spoil | alabuzarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spoil |
| be free to | menbuzarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spoil | senbuzarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spoil | olbuzarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spoil | bizbuzarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spoil | sizbuzarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spoil | alabuzarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spoil |
| be possible to | menmenŋe buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spoil | sensenŋe buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spoil | olaŋa buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spoil | bizbizge buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spoil | sizsizge buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spoil | alaalağa buzarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spoil |
| be possible to | menmenŋe buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spoil | sensenŋe buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spoil | olaŋa buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spoil | bizbizge buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spoil | sizsizge buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spoil | alaalağa buzarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spoil |
| be ready to | menbuzarğa hazırmaI am ready to spoil | senbuzarğa hazırsayou are ready to spoil | olbuzarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spoil | bizbuzarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spoil | sizbuzarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spoil | alabuzarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spoil |
| be ready to | menbuzarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spoil | senbuzarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spoil | olbuzarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spoil | bizbuzarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spoil | sizbuzarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spoil | alabuzarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spoil |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbuzarğa küreşemeI am trying to spoil | senbuzarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spoil | olbuzarğa küreşedihe is trying to spoil | bizbuzarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spoil | sizbuzarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spoil | alabuzarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spoil |
| try to | menbuzarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spoil | senbuzarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spoil | olbuzarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spoil | bizbuzarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spoil | sizbuzarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spoil | alabuzarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spoil |
| agree to | menbuzarğa unaymaI agree to spoil | senbuzarğa unaysayou agree to spoil | olbuzarğa unaydıhe agrees to spoil | bizbuzarğa unaybızwe agree to spoil | sizbuzarğa unaysızyou all agree to spoil | alabuzarğa unaydılathey agree to spoil |
| agree to | menbuzarğa unamaymaI refuse to spoil | senbuzarğa unamaysayou refuse to spoil | olbuzarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spoil | bizbuzarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spoil | sizbuzarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spoil | alabuzarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spoil |
| hurry to | menbuzarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spoil | senbuzarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spoil | olbuzarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spoil | bizbuzarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spoil | sizbuzarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spoil | alabuzarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spoil |
| hurry to | menbuzarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spoil | senbuzarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spoil | olbuzarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spoil | bizbuzarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spoil | sizbuzarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spoil | alabuzarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spoil |
| be afraid to | menbuzarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spoil | senbuzarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spoil | olbuzarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spoil | bizbuzarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spoil | sizbuzarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spoil | alabuzarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spoil |
| be afraid to | menbuzarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spoil | senbuzarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spoil | olbuzarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spoil | bizbuzarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spoil | sizbuzarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spoil | alabuzarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spoil |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbuza bolmazmaI can't be spoiling | senbuza bolmazsayou can't be spoiling | olbuza bolmazhe can't be spoiling | bizbuza bolmazbızwe can't be spoiling | sizbuza bolmazsızyou all can't be spoiling | alabuza bolmazlathey can't be spoiling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbuzmay bolmazmaI must be spoiling (emphatic) | senbuzmay bolmazsayou must be spoiling (emphatic) | olbuzmay bolmazhe must be spoiling (emphatic) | bizbuzmay bolmazbızwe must be spoiling (emphatic) | sizbuzmay bolmazsızyou all must be spoiling (emphatic) | alabuzmay bolmazlathey must be spoiling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbuza turmasamif I don't keep spoiling | senbuza turmasaŋif you don't keep spoiling | olbuza turmasaif he doesn't keep spoiling | bizbuza turmasaqif we don't keep spoiling | sizbuza turmasağızif you all don't keep spoiling | alabuza turmasalaif they don't keep spoiling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbuza tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spoiling | senbuza tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spoiling | olbuza tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spoiling | bizbuza tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spoiling | sizbuza tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spoiling | alabuza tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spoiling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbuzmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | senbuzmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | olbuzmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | bizbuzmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | sizbuzmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | alabuzmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbuzmay turamaI keep on not spoiling | senbuzmay turasayou keep on not spoiling | olbuzmay turadıhe keeps on not spoiling | bizbuzmay turabızwe keep on not spoiling | sizbuzmay turasızyou all keep on not spoiling | alabuzmay turadılathey keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive — double negation | menbuzmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not spoiling | senbuzmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not spoiling | olbuzmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spoiling | bizbuzmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spoiling | sizbuzmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spoiling | alabuzmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spoiling |
| Progressive — double negation | menbuzmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spoiling? | senbuzmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spoiling? | olbuzmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spoiling? | bizbuzmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spoiling? | sizbuzmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spoiling? | alabuzmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spoiling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbuzğan bolmazmaI can't have spoiled | senbuzğan bolmazsayou can't have spoiled | olbuzğan bolmazhe can't have spoiled | bizbuzğan bolmazbızwe can't have spoiled | sizbuzğan bolmazsızyou all can't have spoiled | alabuzğan bolmazlathey can't have spoiled |
| Inference — double negation | menbuzmağan bolmazmaI must have spoiled (emphatic) | senbuzmağan bolmazsayou must have spoiled (emphatic) | olbuzmağan bolmazhe must have spoiled (emphatic) | bizbuzmağan bolmazbızwe must have spoiled (emphatic) | sizbuzmağan bolmazsızyou all must have spoiled (emphatic) | alabuzmağan bolmazlathey must have spoiled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbuzğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spoiled | senbuzğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spoiled | olbuzğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spoiled | bizbuzğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spoiled | sizbuzğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spoiled | alabuzğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spoiled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbuzmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spoiled | senbuzmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spoiled | olbuzmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spoiled | bizbuzmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spoiled | sizbuzmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spoiled | alabuzmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spoiled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbuzarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spoil | senbuzarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spoil | olbuzarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spoil | bizbuzarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spoil | sizbuzarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spoil | alabuzarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spoil |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbuzmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spoil (emphatic) | senbuzmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spoil (emphatic) | olbuzmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spoil (emphatic) | bizbuzmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spoil (emphatic) | sizbuzmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spoil (emphatic) | alabuzmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spoil (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbuzarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spoil | senbuzarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spoil | olbuzarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spoil | bizbuzarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spoil | sizbuzarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spoil | alabuzarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spoil |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbuzmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spoil | senbuzmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spoil | olbuzmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spoil | bizbuzmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spoil | sizbuzmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spoil | alabuzmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spoil |