The little words

Connectors, particles, postpositions, yes and no, and the words for having and lacking — the small words that hold sentences together.

Yes and no

• ho yes (also haw)
• oğay no
• aha yes (informal)

Existence: having and lacking

• bar there is
  mende bar — I have it
• joq there is not
  zaman joq — there is no time

Joining words

• bla and / with
  atam bla anam — my father and my mother
• da too / also
  men da — me too
• em and
• neda or (the one that repeats through a list)
  sen neda ol — you or he
• oğese or (between two things, most often in a question)
  olmu oğese başhamı? — that one or the other?
• sora then / after
  andan sora — after that
• alay but, however
• andan therefore, for that reason
• bolsada however, nevertheless

Postpositions

• üçün for, for the sake of
• deri until, as far as
  kökge deri — up to the sky
• kibik like, as
  bügün duniya kibik, tambla ahıratdı — today is (this) world, tomorrow the hereafter — a proverb
• birge together with
• köre compared with
• ornuna in exchange for

Particles

• har every
• juq nothing

The h in ho is the throaty one — the sound of Arabic خ, written х in Cyrillic, not the light English h. bar and joq are how having works in the whole language: mende bar — I have it (it exists at me); zaman joq — there is no time. neda and oğese both mean "or": neda is the one that repeats through a list, where English uses commas, while oğese normally sits between just two things and is most at home in a question.