öterge
/øterɡe/
1. go past, pass a landmark; travel through a settlement
- şkoldan ötdük — we went past the school
- Moskvadan ötdük — we passed through Moscow
- çegetni içi bla öterge — to go through the forest
- çabıb öterge — to run past
2. cross, get over (a river, a bridge, a border)
- suwdan öterge — to cross the river
- köpürden öterge — to cross the bridge
- çekden öterge — to cross the border
- suwdan öterge hazırlana edile — they were getting ready to cross the river
- suwçuqdan sekirib öterge — to jump across the stream
- çıŋab öterge — to jump across
3. elapse, go by (of time)
- jılla ötedile — the years go by
- kün terk ötdü — the day passed quickly
- eki jıl ötgendi — two years have passed
- ötgen ömür - aqğan suw — a century gone by is water that has flowed away
- kün jeŋil ötdü — the day passed quickly
4. pierce, go through a solid barrier
- oq qaŋadan ötdü — the bullet went through the board
- oq qabırğadan ötdü — the bullet went through the wall
- bıçaq qaŋadan ötmeydi — the knife does not go through the board
- ötgen jara — a through wound
- teşib öterge — to go right through
- juq ötmegen — impenetrable
5. seep through (of a liquid)
- terezeden suw ötedi — water seeps through the window
- jawun suw ötgendi — the rainwater has seeped through
- suw ötmegen — impermeable to water
6. penetrate the body (of cold or heat)
- suwuq sanlarıma ötedi — the cold penetrates my body
- sanlarına suwuq ötgenin aŋıladı — he realized that cold had penetrated his body
- issilik mıyıma ötedi — the heat penetrates my brain
7. flow, pass (of an electric current) one source
- tok ötmeydi — the current does not pass
- temirden tok ötedi — current passes through iron
- bılaydan tok ötedi — the current passes through here
8. run, extend along a route (of a road or tunnel)
- jol tawnu etegi bla ötedi — the road runs along the foot of the mountain
- jaŋı jol bılaydan öterikdi — the new road will run through here
- jolçuq çegetden ötedi — the path runs through the forest
- jayaw jolçuq ötedi — a footpath runs
9. have an effect on, tell on, influence
- anŋa söz ötmeydi — words have no effect on him
- sözü ötedi — his word carries weight
- ol sözle mıyıma ötdüle — those words got through to my mind
- kimni sözü öterge bolluqdu — whose word could carry weight?
- ötmegen söz — words that carry no weight
- aythanım çapıraqdan ötmeydi — what I say has no effect at all
10. offend, hurt someone's feelings
- ol söz menŋe ötdü — that word hurt me
- sözüŋ anŋa ötdü — your words offended him
- Nanıqğa öter sözleni — words that would offend Nanyk
11. become angry
- anı eşitgenimde aman ötgen edim — when I heard of it I got really angry
- burnuna ötüb qalıwçu — quick-tempered
- ol terk ötedi — he is quick to anger
12. be elected one source
- saylawdan öterge — to be elected
- saylawdan ötdü — he was elected
- ol saylawdan ötmedi — he was not elected
13. pass down, be inherited, be transmitted — Said of a skill, a trait or a custom going from one generation to the next. one source
- atadan balağa ötedi — it passes from father to child
- qartladan jaşlağa öter — it will pass from the old to the young
- tuqumdan öte kelgen huner — a skill handed down in the family
14. undergo inspection, undergo assessment one source
- sınawdan ötdü — he passed the test
- komissiyadan ötdüle — they underwent assessment by a commission
- tintiwden ötdük — we underwent inspection
- ustazla attestatsiyadan ötgendile — the teachers have undergone assessment
15. be admitted to, enroll in, join an organization or institution one source
- universitetge ötdü — he was admitted to university
- men universitetge ötgenme — I have been admitted to university
- jaş oquwğa ötdü — the young man was admitted to study
16. cover a subject in study one source
- bu dersni ötgenbiz — we have covered this lesson
- jaŋı dersni öterikbiz — we will cover the new lesson
- ana tilden sıfatlanı ötgenbiz — we have covered adjectives in the native language
17. sell well, be in demand (of goods) one source
- tovar igi ötedi — the goods sell well
- tovar terk ötdü — the goods sold quickly
- bu tovar ötmeydi — these goods do not sell
18. get ahead of, precede, surpass one source
- allına kişi ötmez — no one will get ahead of him
- meni allıma ötgen — he who ranks ahead of me
- sen meni allıma ötmezse — you will not get ahead of me
- sen menŋe ötmezse — you will not get ahead of me
Expressions
- allı bla çıpçıq ötmegen — utterly chaste
- allına ötmezge — be unsurpassed
- araları bla qıl ötmezge — be inseparable
- başından öterge — go through oneself
Conjugation
Common forms
- ötedihe is passing
- ötdühe passed
- ötgendihe has passed
- öterhe will pass
- öterikdihe is going to pass
- öte edihe was passing
- ötseif he passes
- öt!pass!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menötemeI am passing | senöteseyou are passing | olötedihe is passing | bizötebizwe are passing | sizötesizyou all are passing | alaötedilethey are passing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menötmeymeI am not passing | senötmeyseyou are not passing | olötmeydihe is not passing | bizötmeybizwe are not passing | sizötmeysizyou all are not passing | alaötmeydilethey are not passing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menötememi? ötemime?am I passing? | senötemise?are you passing? | olötemidi?is he passing? | bizötebizmi? ötemibiz?are we passing? | sizötemisiz?are you all passing? | alaötemidile?are they passing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menötmeymemi? ötmeymime?aren't I passing? | senötmeymise?aren't you passing? | olötmeymidi?isn't he passing? | bizötmeybizmi? ötmeymibiz?aren't we passing? | sizötmeymisiz?aren't you all passing? | alaötmeymidile?aren't they passing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menötüwçenmeI usually pass | senötüwçenseyou usually pass | olötüwçendihe usually passes | bizötüwçenbizwe usually pass | sizötüwçensizyou all usually pass | alaötüwçendilethey usually pass |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menötmewçenmeI usually don't pass | senötmewçenseyou usually don't pass | olötmewçendihe usually doesn't pass | bizötmewçenbizwe usually don't pass | sizötmewçensizyou all usually don't pass | alaötmewçendilethey usually don't pass |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menötüwçenmemi? ötüwçenmime?do I usually pass? | senötüwçenmise?do you usually pass? | olötüwçenmidi?does he usually pass? | bizötüwçenbizmi? ötüwçenmibiz?do we usually pass? | sizötüwçenmisiz?do you all usually pass? | alaötüwçenmidile?do they usually pass? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menötmewçenmemi? ötmewçenmime?do I usually not pass? | senötmewçenmise?do you usually not pass? | olötmewçenmidi?does he usually not pass? | bizötmewçenbizmi? ötmewçenmibiz?do we usually not pass? | sizötmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not pass? | alaötmewçenmidile?do they usually not pass? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olötübdühe has passed and remains so | alaötübdülethey have passed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olötübmüdü?has he passed? | alaötübmüdüle?have they passed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menötüb turamaI keep passing | senötüb turasayou keep passing | olötüb turadıhe keeps passing | bizötüb turabızwe keep passing | sizötüb turasızyou all keep passing | alaötüb turadılathey keep passing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menötüb turmaymaI don't keep passing | senötüb turmaysayou don't keep passing | olötüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep passing | bizötüb turmaybızwe don't keep passing | sizötüb turmaysızyou all don't keep passing | alaötüb turmaydılathey don't keep passing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menötüb turamamı? ötüb turamıma?do I keep passing? | senötüb turamısa?do you keep passing? | olötüb turamıdı?does he keep passing? | bizötüb turabızmı? ötüb turamıbız?do we keep passing? | sizötüb turamısız?do you all keep passing? | alaötüb turamıdıla?do they keep passing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menötüb turmaymamı? ötüb turmaymıma?don't I keep passing? | senötüb turmaymısa?don't you keep passing? | olötüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep passing? | bizötüb turmaybızmı? ötüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep passing? | sizötüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep passing? | alaötüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep passing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menöte turamaI am in the middle of passing | senöte turasayou are in the middle of passing | olöte turadıhe is in the middle of passing | bizöte turabızwe are in the middle of passing | sizöte turasızyou all are in the middle of passing | alaöte turadılathey are in the middle of passing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menöte turmaymaI am not in the middle of passing | senöte turmaysayou are not in the middle of passing | olöte turmaydıhe is not in the middle of passing | bizöte turmaybızwe are not in the middle of passing | sizöte turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of passing | alaöte turmaydılathey are not in the middle of passing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menöte turamamı? öte turamıma?am I in the middle of passing? | senöte turamısa?are you in the middle of passing? | olöte turamıdı?is he in the middle of passing? | bizöte turabızmı? öte turamıbız?are we in the middle of passing? | sizöte turamısız?are you all in the middle of passing? | alaöte turamıdıla?are they in the middle of passing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menöte turmaymamı? öte turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of passing? | senöte turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of passing? | olöte turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of passing? | bizöte turmaybızmı? öte turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of passing? | sizöte turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of passing? | alaöte turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of passing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menötdümI passed | senötdüŋyou passed | olötdühe passed | bizötdükwe passed | sizötdügüzyou all passed | alaötdülethey passed |
| Simple past (definite) | menötmedimI didn't pass | senötmediŋyou didn't pass | olötmedihe didn't pass | bizötmedikwe didn't pass | sizötmedigizyou all didn't pass | alaötmedilethey didn't pass |
| Simple past (definite) | menötdümmü?did I pass? | senötdüŋmü?did you pass? | olötdümü?did he pass? | bizötdükmü?did we pass? | sizötdügüzmü?did you all pass? | alaötdülemi?did they pass? |
| Simple past (definite) | menötmedimmi?didn't I pass? | senötmediŋmi?didn't you pass? | olötmedimi?didn't he pass? | bizötmedikmi?didn't we pass? | sizötmedigizmi?didn't you all pass? | alaötmedilemi?didn't they pass? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menötgenmeI have passed | senötgenseyou have passed | olötgendihe has passed | bizötgenbizwe have passed | sizötgensizyou all have passed | alaötgendilethey have passed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menötmegenmeI haven't passed | senötmegenseyou haven't passed | olötmegendihe hasn't passed | bizötmegenbizwe haven't passed | sizötmegensizyou all haven't passed | alaötmegendilethey haven't passed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menötgenmemi? ötgenmime?have I passed? | senötgenmise?have you passed? | olötgenmidi?has he passed? | bizötgenbizmi? ötgenmibiz?have we passed? | sizötgenmisiz?have you all passed? | alaötgenmidile?have they passed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menötmegenmemi? ötmegenmime?haven't I passed? | senötmegenmise?haven't you passed? | olötmegenmidi?hasn't he passed? | bizötmegenbizmi? ötmegenmibiz?haven't we passed? | sizötmegenmisiz?haven't you all passed? | alaötmegenmidile?haven't they passed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menötüb turdumI kept passing | senötüb turduŋyou kept passing | olötüb turduhe kept passing | bizötüb turduqwe kept passing | sizötüb turduğuzyou all kept passing | alaötüb turdulathey kept passing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menötüb turmadımI didn't keep passing | senötüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep passing | olötüb turmadıhe didn't keep passing | bizötüb turmadıqwe didn't keep passing | sizötüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep passing | alaötüb turmadılathey didn't keep passing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menötermeI will pass | senöterseyou will pass | olöterhe will pass | bizöterbizwe will pass | sizötersizyou all will pass | alaöterlethey will pass |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menötmezmeI won't pass | senötmezseyou won't pass | olötmezhe won't pass | bizötmezbizwe won't pass | sizötmezsizyou all won't pass | alaötmezlethey won't pass |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menötermemi? ötermime?will I pass? | senötermise?will you pass? | olötermi?will he pass? | bizöterbizmi? ötermibiz?will we pass? | sizötermisiz?will you all pass? | alaöterlemi? ötermile?will they pass? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menötmezmemi? ötmezmime?won't I pass? | senötmezmise?won't you pass? | olötmezmi?won't he pass? | bizötmezbizmi? ötmezmibiz?won't we pass? | sizötmezmisiz?won't you all pass? | alaötmezlemi? ötmezmile?won't they pass? |
| Definite future (future II) | menöterikmeI am going to pass | senöterikseyou are going to pass | olöterikdihe is going to pass | bizöterikbizwe are going to pass | sizöteriksizyou all are going to pass | alaöterikdilethey are going to pass |
| Definite future (future II) | menöterik tülmeI am not going to pass | senöterik tülseyou are not going to pass | olöterik tüldühe is not going to pass | bizöterik tülbüzwe are not going to pass | sizöterik tülsüzyou all are not going to pass | alaöterik tüldülethey are not going to pass |
| Definite future (future II) | menöterikmemi? öterikmime?am I going to pass? | senöterikmise?are you going to pass? | olöterikmidi?is he going to pass? | bizöterikbizmi? öterikmibiz?are we going to pass? | sizöterikmisiz?are you all going to pass? | alaöterikmidile?are they going to pass? |
| Definite future (future II) | menöterik tülmüme?aren't I going to pass? | senöterik tülmüse?aren't you going to pass? | olöterik tülmüdü?isn't he going to pass? | bizöterik tülmübüz?aren't we going to pass? | sizöterik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to pass? | alaöterik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to pass? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menötgen edimötgenemI had passed | senötgen ediŋötgeneŋyou had passed | olötgen ediötgenedhe had passed | bizötgen edikötgenekwe had passed | sizötgen edigizötgenegizyou all had passed | alaötgen edileötgenellethey had passed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menötmegen edimötmegenemI hadn't passed | senötmegen ediŋötmegeneŋyou hadn't passed | olötmegen ediötmegenedhe hadn't passed | bizötmegen edikötmegenekwe hadn't passed | sizötmegen edigizötmegenegizyou all hadn't passed | alaötmegen edileötmegenellethey hadn't passed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menöte edimötemI was passing | senöte ediŋöteŋyou were passing | olöte ediötedhe was passing | bizöte edikötekwe were passing | sizöte edigizötegizyou all were passing | alaöte edileötellethey were passing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menötmey edimötmeyemI wasn't passing | senötmey ediŋötmeyeŋyou weren't passing | olötmey ediötmeyedhe wasn't passing | bizötmey edikötmeyekwe weren't passing | sizötmey edigizötmeyegizyou all weren't passing | alaötmey edileötmeyellethey weren't passing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menötüwçen edimötüwçenemI used to pass | senötüwçen ediŋötüwçeneŋyou used to pass | olötüwçen ediötüwçenedhe used to pass | bizötüwçen edikötüwçenekwe used to pass | sizötüwçen edigizötüwçenegizyou all used to pass | alaötüwçen edileötüwçenellethey used to pass |
| Habitual past (used to) | menötmewçen edimötmewçenemI didn't use to pass | senötmewçen ediŋötmewçeneŋyou didn't use to pass | olötmewçen ediötmewçenedhe didn't use to pass | bizötmewçen edikötmewçenekwe didn't use to pass | sizötmewçen edigizötmewçenegizyou all didn't use to pass | alaötmewçen edileötmewçenellethey didn't use to pass |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olötüb edihe had passed and remained so | alaötüb edilethey had passed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olötüb tül edihe hadn't passed | alaötüb tül edilethey hadn't passed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menötüb tura edimötüb turaemI had kept passing | senötüb tura ediŋötüb turaeŋyou had kept passing | olötüb tura ediötüb turaedhe had kept passing | bizötüb tura edikötüb turaekwe had kept passing | sizötüb tura edigizötüb turaegizyou all had kept passing | alaötüb tura edileötüb turaellethey had kept passing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menötüb turmay edimötüb turmayemI hadn't kept passing | senötüb turmay ediŋötüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept passing | olötüb turmay ediötüb turmayedhe hadn't kept passing | bizötüb turmay edikötüb turmayekwe hadn't kept passing | sizötüb turmay edigizötüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept passing | alaötüb turmay edileötüb turmayellethey hadn't kept passing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menöte tura edimöte turaemI was in the middle of passing | senöte tura ediŋöte turaeŋyou were in the middle of passing | olöte tura ediöte turaedhe was in the middle of passing | bizöte tura ediköte turaekwe were in the middle of passing | sizöte tura edigizöte turaegizyou all were in the middle of passing | alaöte tura edileöte turaellethey were in the middle of passing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menöte turmay edimöte turmayemI wasn't in the middle of passing | senöte turmay ediŋöte turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of passing | olöte turmay ediöte turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of passing | bizöte turmay ediköte turmayekwe weren't in the middle of passing | sizöte turmay edigizöte turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of passing | alaöte turmay edileöte turmayellethey weren't in the middle of passing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menöter edimöter emI would pass | senöter ediŋöter eŋyou would pass | olöter ediöter edhe would pass | bizöter ediköter ekwe would pass | sizöter edigizöter egizyou all would pass | alaöter edileöter ellethey would pass |
| Conditional result (would) | menötmez edimötmez emI wouldn't pass | senötmez ediŋötmez eŋyou wouldn't pass | olötmez ediötmez edhe wouldn't pass | bizötmez edikötmez ekwe wouldn't pass | sizötmez edigizötmez egizyou all wouldn't pass | alaötmez edileötmez ellethey wouldn't pass |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menöterik edimöterik emI would have passed | senöterik ediŋöterik eŋyou would have passed | olöterik ediöterik edhe would have passed | bizöterik ediköterik ekwe would have passed | sizöterik edigizöterik egizyou all would have passed | alaöterik edileöterik ellethey would have passed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menöterik tül edimöterik tül emI wouldn't have passed | senöterik tül ediŋöterik tül eŋyou wouldn't have passed | olöterik tül ediöterik tül edhe wouldn't have passed | bizöterik tül ediköterik tül ekwe wouldn't have passed | sizöterik tül edigizöterik tül egizyou all wouldn't have passed | alaöterik tül edileöterik tül ellethey wouldn't have passed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menötsemif I pass | senötseŋif you pass | olötseif he passes | bizötsekif we pass | sizötsegizif you all pass | alaötseleif they pass |
| Conditional | menötmesemif I don't pass | senötmeseŋif you don't pass | olötmeseif he doesn't pass | bizötmesekif we don't pass | sizötmesegizif you all don't pass | alaötmeseleif they don't pass |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menöte esemif I am passing | senöte eseŋif you are passing | olöte eseif he is passing | bizöte esekif we are passing | sizöte esegizif you all are passing | alaöte eseleif they are passing |
| Conditional, present real | menötmey esemif I am not passing | senötmey eseŋif you are not passing | olötmey eseif he is not passing | bizötmey esekif we are not passing | sizötmey esegizif you all are not passing | alaötmey eseleif they are not passing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menötsem ediötsem edif only I passed | senötseŋ ediötseŋ edif only you passed | olötse ediötsedif only he passed | bizötsek ediötsek edif only we passed | sizötsegiz ediötsegiz edif only you all passed | alaötsele ediötseledif only they passed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menötmesem ediötmesem edif only I didn't pass | senötmeseŋ ediötmeseŋ edif only you didn't pass | olötmese ediötmesedif only he didn't pass | bizötmesek ediötmesek edif only we didn't pass | sizötmesegiz ediötmesegiz edif only you all didn't pass | alaötmesele ediötmeseledif only they didn't pass |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menötüb tursamif I carry on passing | senötüb tursaŋif you carry on passing | olötüb tursaif he carries on passing | bizötüb tursaqif we carry on passing | sizötüb tursağızif you all carry on passing | alaötüb tursalaif they carry on passing |
| Durative conditional | menötüb turmasamif I don't carry on passing | senötüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on passing | olötüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on passing | bizötüb turmasaqif we don't carry on passing | sizötüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on passing | alaötüb turmasalaif they don't carry on passing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menötüb tura esemif I have kept passing | senötüb tura eseŋif you have kept passing | olötüb tura eseif he has kept passing | bizötüb tura esekif we have kept passing | sizötüb tura esegizif you all have kept passing | alaötüb tura eseleif they have kept passing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menötüb turmay esemif I haven't kept passing | senötüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept passing | olötüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept passing | bizötüb turmay esekif we haven't kept passing | sizötüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept passing | alaötüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept passing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menöte tursamif I keep passing | senöte tursaŋif you keep passing | olöte tursaif he keeps passing | bizöte tursaqif we keep passing | sizöte tursağızif you all keep passing | alaöte tursalaif they keep passing |
| Progressive conditional | menötmey tursamif I keep on not passing | senötmey tursaŋif you keep on not passing | olötmey tursaif he keeps on not passing | bizötmey tursaqif we keep on not passing | sizötmey tursağızif you all keep on not passing | alaötmey tursalaif they keep on not passing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menöte tura esemif I am in the middle of passing | senöte tura eseŋif you are in the middle of passing | olöte tura eseif he is in the middle of passing | bizöte tura esekif we are in the middle of passing | sizöte tura esegizif you all are in the middle of passing | alaöte tura eseleif they are in the middle of passing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menötmey tura esemif I keep on not passing | senötmey tura eseŋif you keep on not passing | olötmey tura eseif he keeps on not passing | bizötmey tura esekif we keep on not passing | sizötmey tura esegizif you all keep on not passing | alaötmey tura eseleif they keep on not passing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menötdüm esemif I passed | senötdüŋ eseŋif you passed | olötdü eseif he passed | bizötdük esekif we passed | sizötdügüz esegizif you all passed | alaötdüle eseleif they passed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menötmedim esemif I didn't pass | senötmediŋ eseŋif you didn't pass | olötmedi eseif he didn't pass | bizötmedik esekif we didn't pass | sizötmedigiz esegizif you all didn't pass | alaötmedile eseleif they didn't pass |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menötgen esemif I did pass (indeed) | senötgen eseŋif you did pass (indeed) | olötgen eseif he did pass (indeed) | bizötgen esekif we did pass (indeed) | sizötgen esegizif you all did pass (indeed) | alaötgen eseleif they did pass (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menötmegen esemif I didn't pass (indeed) | senötmegen eseŋif you didn't pass (indeed) | olötmegen eseif he didn't pass (indeed) | bizötmegen esekif we didn't pass (indeed) | sizötmegen esegizif you all didn't pass (indeed) | alaötmegen eseleif they didn't pass (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menötgen bolsamif I had passed | senötgen bolsaŋif you had passed | olötgen bolsaif he had passed | bizötgen bolsaqif we had passed | sizötgen bolsağızif you all had passed | alaötgen bolsalaif they had passed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menötmegen bolsamif I hadn't passed | senötmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't passed | olötmegen bolsaif he hadn't passed | bizötmegen bolsaqif we hadn't passed | sizötmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't passed | alaötmegen bolsalaif they hadn't passed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menötgen bolsam ediötgen bolsam edif only I had passed | senötgen bolsaŋ ediötgen bolsaŋ edif only you had passed | olötgen bolsa ediötgen bolsaedif only he had passed | bizötgen bolsaq ediötgen bolsaq edif only we had passed | sizötgen bolsağız ediötgen bolsağız edif only you all had passed | alaötgen bolsala ediötgen bolsalaedif only they had passed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menötmegen bolsam ediötmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't passed | senötmegen bolsaŋ ediötmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't passed | olötmegen bolsa ediötmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't passed | bizötmegen bolsaq ediötmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't passed | sizötmegen bolsağız ediötmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't passed | alaötmegen bolsala ediötmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't passed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menöter esemif I will pass | senöter eseŋif you will pass | olöter eseif he will pass | bizöter esekif we will pass | sizöter esegizif you all will pass | alaöter eseleif they will pass |
| Conditional, aorist | menötmez esemif I won't pass | senötmez eseŋif you won't pass | olötmez eseif he won't pass | bizötmez esekif we won't pass | sizötmez esegizif you all won't pass | alaötmez eseleif they won't pass |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menöterik esemif I am going to pass | senöterik eseŋif you are going to pass | olöterik eseif he is going to pass | bizöterik esekif we are going to pass | sizöterik esegizif you all are going to pass | alaöterik eseleif they are going to pass |
| Conditional, future | menöterik tül esemif I am not going to pass | senöterik tül eseŋif you are not going to pass | olöterik tül eseif he is not going to pass | bizöterik tül esekif we are not going to pass | sizöterik tül esegizif you all are not going to pass | alaöterik tül eseleif they are not going to pass |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menöterik bolsamif I were going to pass | senöterik bolsaŋif you were going to pass | olöterik bolsaif he were going to pass | bizöterik bolsaqif we were going to pass | sizöterik bolsağızif you all were going to pass | alaöterik bolsalaif they were going to pass |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menötmezlik bolsamif I were not going to pass | senötmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to pass | olötmezlik bolsaif he were not going to pass | bizötmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to pass | sizötmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to pass | alaötmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to pass |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ötdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menöte bolurmaI must be passing | senöte bolursayou must be passing | olöte bolurhe must be passing | bizöte bolurbuzwe must be passing | sizöte bolursuzyou all must be passing | alaöte bolurlathey must be passing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menötmey bolurmaI must not be passing | senötmey bolursayou must not be passing | olötmey bolurhe must not be passing | bizötmey bolurbuzwe must not be passing | sizötmey bolursuzyou all must not be passing | alaötmey bolurlathey must not be passing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menöte tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of passing | senöte tura bolursayou must be in the middle of passing | olöte tura bolurhe must be in the middle of passing | bizöte tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of passing | sizöte tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of passing | alaöte tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of passing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menötmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not passing | senötmey tura bolursayou must keep on not passing | olötmey tura bolurhe must keep on not passing | bizötmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not passing | sizötmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not passing | alaötmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not passing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menötgen bolurmaI must have passed | senötgen bolursayou must have passed | olötgen bolurhe must have passed | bizötgen bolurbuzwe must have passed | sizötgen bolursuzyou all must have passed | alaötgen bolurlathey must have passed |
| Inference (must have) | menötmegen bolurmaI must not have passed | senötmegen bolursayou must not have passed | olötmegen bolurhe must not have passed | bizötmegen bolurbuzwe must not have passed | sizötmegen bolursuzyou all must not have passed | alaötmegen bolurlathey must not have passed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menöterik bolurmaI must be going to pass | senöterik bolursayou must be going to pass | olöterik bolurhe must be going to pass | bizöterik bolurbuzwe must be going to pass | sizöterik bolursuzyou all must be going to pass | alaöterik bolurlathey must be going to pass |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menötmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to pass | senötmezlik bolursayou must not be going to pass | olötmezlik bolurhe must not be going to pass | bizötmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to pass | sizötmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to pass | alaötmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to pass |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menöteyimlet me pass | senöt!pass! | olötsünlet him pass | bizöteyiklet's pass | sizötügüz!pass, you all! | alaötsünlelet them pass |
| Commands & suggestions | menötmeyimlet me not pass | senötme!don't pass! | olötmesinlet him not pass | bizötmeyiklet's not pass | sizötmegiz!don't pass, you all! | alaötmesinlelet them not pass |
| Commands & suggestions | menöteyimmi?shall I pass? | olötsünmü?should he pass? | bizöteyikmi?shall we pass? | alaötsünlemi?should they pass? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menötmeyimmi?shall I not pass? | olötmesinmi?should he not pass? | bizötmeyikmi?shall we not pass? | alaötmesinlemi?should they not pass? | ||
| Requests | senötçü2ötçünplease pass | olötsünçüdo let him pass | sizötçügüzplease pass (plural/polite) | alaötsünleçido let them pass | ||
| Requests | senötmeçi2ötmeçinplease don't pass | olötmesinçido let him not pass | sizötmeçigizplease don't pass (plural/polite) | alaötmesinleçido let them not pass | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senötgünötgümay you pass | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senötmeginötmegimay you not pass | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menötgey edim ötge edimwould that I passed | senötgey ediŋ ötge ediŋwould that you passed | olötgey edi ötge ediwould that he passed | bizötgey edik ötge edikwould that we passed | sizötgey edigiz ötge edigizwould that you all passed | alaötgey edile ötge edilewould that they passed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menötmegey edim ötmege edimwould that I did not pass | senötmegey ediŋ ötmege ediŋwould that you did not pass | olötmegey edi ötmege ediwould that he did not pass | bizötmegey edik ötmege edikwould that we did not pass | sizötmegey edigiz ötmege edigizwould that you all did not pass | alaötmegey edile ötmege edilewould that they did not pass |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menötmege qoyayımötme qoyayımlet me allow someone to pass | senötmege qoy!ötme qoy!let someone pass! | olötmege qoysunötme qoysunlet him allow someone to pass | bizötmege qoyayıqötme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to pass | sizötmege qoyuğuz!ötme qoyuğuz!let someone pass, you all! | alaötmege qoysunlaötme qoysunlalet them allow someone to pass |
| Let someone… (commands) | menötmege qoymayımötme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to pass | senötmege qoyma!ötme qoyma!don't let someone pass! | olötmege qoymasınötme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to pass | bizötmege qoymayıqötme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to pass | sizötmege qoymağız!ötme qoymağız!don't let someone pass, you all! | alaötmege qoymasınlaötme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to pass |
| Let someone… (commands) | menötmege qoyayımmı?ötme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoysunmu?ötme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoyayıqmı?ötme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoysunlamı?ötme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to pass? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menötmege qoymayımmı?ötme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoymasınmı?ötme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoymayıqmı?ötme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoymasınlamı?ötme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to pass? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menötmege qoyamaötme qoyamaI allow someone to pass | senötmege qoyasaötme qoyasayou allow someone to pass | olötmege qoyadıötme qoyadıhe allows someone to pass | bizötmege qoyabızötme qoyabızwe allow someone to pass | sizötmege qoyasızötme qoyasızyou all allow someone to pass | alaötmege qoyadılaötme qoyadılathey allow someone to pass |
| Let someone… (present) | menötmege qoymaymaötme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to pass | senötmege qoymaysaötme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to pass | olötmege qoymaydıötme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to pass | bizötmege qoymaybızötme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to pass | sizötmege qoymaysızötme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to pass | alaötmege qoymaydılaötme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to pass |
| Let someone… (present) | menötmege qoyamamı?ötme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to pass? | senötmege qoyamısa?ötme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoyamıdı?ötme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoyabızmı?ötme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to pass? | sizötmege qoyamısız?ötme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoyamıdıla?ötme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to pass? |
| Let someone… (present) | menötmege qoymaymamı?ötme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to pass? | senötmege qoymaymısa?ötme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoymaymıdı?ötme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoymaybızmı?ötme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to pass? | sizötmege qoymaymısız?ötme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoymaymıdıla?ötme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to pass? |
| Let someone… (past) | menötmege qoydumötme qoydumI allowed someone to pass | senötmege qoyduŋötme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to pass | olötmege qoyduötme qoyduhe allowed someone to pass | bizötmege qoyduqötme qoyduqwe allowed someone to pass | sizötmege qoyduğuzötme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to pass | alaötmege qoydulaötme qoydulathey allowed someone to pass |
| Let someone… (past) | menötmege qoymadımötme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to pass | senötmege qoymadıŋötme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to pass | olötmege qoymadıötme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to pass | bizötmege qoymadıqötme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to pass | sizötmege qoymadığızötme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to pass | alaötmege qoymadılaötme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to pass |
| Let someone… (past) | menötmege qoydummu?ötme qoydummu?did I allow someone to pass? | senötmege qoyduŋmu?ötme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoydumu?ötme qoydumu?did he allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoyduqmu?ötme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to pass? | sizötmege qoyduğuzmu?ötme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoydulamı?ötme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to pass? |
| Let someone… (past) | menötmege qoymadımmı?ötme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to pass? | senötmege qoymadıŋmı?ötme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to pass? | olötmege qoymadımı?ötme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to pass? | bizötmege qoymadıqmı?ötme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to pass? | sizötmege qoymadığızmı?ötme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to pass? | alaötmege qoymadılamı?ötme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to pass? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
ötalırğa be able to pass · ötalmazğa be unable to pass
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menötalamaI can pass | senötalasayou can pass | olötaladıhe can pass | bizötalabızwe can pass | sizötalasızyou all can pass | alaötaladılathey can pass |
| Ability — present | menötalmaymaI can't pass | senötalmaysayou can't pass | olötalmaydıhe can't pass | bizötalmaybızwe can't pass | sizötalmaysızyou all can't pass | alaötalmaydılathey can't pass |
| Ability — present | menötalamamı? ötalamıma?can I pass? | senötalamısa?can you pass? | olötalamıdı?can he pass? | bizötalabızmı? ötalamıbız?can we pass? | sizötalamısız?can you all pass? | alaötalamıdıla?can they pass? |
| Ability — present | menötalmaymamı? ötalmaymıma?can't I pass? | senötalmaymısa?can't you pass? | olötalmaymıdı?can't he pass? | bizötalmaybızmı? ötalmaymıbız?can't we pass? | sizötalmaymısız?can't you all pass? | alaötalmaymıdıla?can't they pass? |
| Ability — if I can… | menötalsamif I can pass | senötalsaŋif you can pass | olötalsaif he can pass | bizötalsaqif we can pass | sizötalsağızif you all can pass | alaötalsalaif they can pass |
| Ability — if I can… | menötalmasamif I can't pass | senötalmasaŋif you can't pass | olötalmasaif he can't pass | bizötalmasaqif we can't pass | sizötalmasağızif you all can't pass | alaötalmasalaif they can't pass |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menötaldımI was able to pass | senötaldıŋyou were able to pass | olötaldıhe was able to pass | bizötaldıqwe were able to pass | sizötaldığızyou all were able to pass | alaötaldılathey were able to pass |
| Ability — simple past | menötalmadımI could not pass | senötalmadıŋyou could not pass | olötalmadıhe could not pass | bizötalmadıqwe could not pass | sizötalmadığızyou all could not pass | alaötalmadılathey could not pass |
| Ability — simple past | menötaldımmı?was I able to pass? | senötaldıŋmı?were you able to pass? | olötaldımı?was he able to pass? | bizötaldıqmı?were we able to pass? | sizötaldığızmı?were you all able to pass? | alaötaldılamı?were they able to pass? |
| Ability — simple past | menötalmadımmı?couldn't I pass? | senötalmadıŋmı?couldn't you pass? | olötalmadımı?couldn't he pass? | bizötalmadıqmı?couldn't we pass? | sizötalmadığızmı?couldn't you all pass? | alaötalmadılamı?couldn't they pass? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menötalğanmaI have been able to pass | senötalğansayou have been able to pass | olötalğandıhe has been able to pass | bizötalğanbızwe have been able to pass | sizötalğansızyou all have been able to pass | alaötalğandılathey have been able to pass |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menötalmağanmaI haven't been able to pass | senötalmağansayou haven't been able to pass | olötalmağandıhe hasn't been able to pass | bizötalmağanbızwe haven't been able to pass | sizötalmağansızyou all haven't been able to pass | alaötalmağandılathey haven't been able to pass |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menötalğanmamı? ötalğanmıma?have I been able to pass? | senötalğanmısa?have you been able to pass? | olötalğanmıdı?has he been able to pass? | bizötalğanbızmı? ötalğanmıbız?have we been able to pass? | sizötalğanmısız?have you all been able to pass? | alaötalğanmıdıla?have they been able to pass? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menötalmağanmamı? ötalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to pass? | senötalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to pass? | olötalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to pass? | bizötalmağanbızmı? ötalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to pass? | sizötalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to pass? | alaötalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to pass? |
| Ability — past perfect | menötalğan edimötalğanemI had been able to pass | senötalğan ediŋötalğaneŋyou had been able to pass | olötalğan ediötalğanedhe had been able to pass | bizötalğan edikötalğanekwe had been able to pass | sizötalğan edigizötalğanegizyou all had been able to pass | alaötalğan edileötalğanellethey had been able to pass |
| Ability — past perfect | menötalmağan edimötalmağanemI hadn't been able to pass | senötalmağan ediŋötalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to pass | olötalmağan ediötalmağanedhe hadn't been able to pass | bizötalmağan edikötalmağanekwe hadn't been able to pass | sizötalmağan edigizötalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to pass | alaötalmağan edileötalmağanellethey hadn't been able to pass |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menötala edimötalaemI could pass | senötala ediŋötalaeŋyou could pass | olötala ediötalaedhe could pass | bizötala edikötalaekwe could pass | sizötala edigizötalaegizyou all could pass | alaötala edileötalaellethey could pass |
| Ability — past background | menötalmay edimötalmayemI could not pass | senötalmay ediŋötalmayeŋyou could not pass | olötalmay ediötalmayedhe could not pass | bizötalmay edikötalmayekwe could not pass | sizötalmay edigizötalmayegizyou all could not pass | alaötalmay edileötalmayellethey could not pass |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menötalırmaI will be able to pass | senötalırsayou will be able to pass | olötalırhe will be able to pass | bizötalırbızwe will be able to pass | sizötalırsızyou all will be able to pass | alaötalırlathey will be able to pass |
| Ability — future I | menötalmazmaI won't be able to pass | senötalmazsayou won't be able to pass | olötalmazhe won't be able to pass | bizötalmazbızwe won't be able to pass | sizötalmazsızyou all won't be able to pass | alaötalmazlathey won't be able to pass |
| Ability — future I | menötalırmamı? ötalırmıma?will I be able to pass? | senötalırmısa?will you be able to pass? | olötalırmı?will he be able to pass? | bizötalırbızmı? ötalırmıbız?will we be able to pass? | sizötalırmısız?will you all be able to pass? | alaötalırlamı? ötalırmıla?will they be able to pass? |
| Ability — future I | menötalmazmamı? ötalmazmıma?won't I be able to pass? | senötalmazmısa?won't you be able to pass? | olötalmazmı?won't he be able to pass? | bizötalmazbızmı? ötalmazmıbız?won't we be able to pass? | sizötalmazmısız?won't you all be able to pass? | alaötalmazlamı? ötalmazmıla?won't they be able to pass? |
| Ability — future II | menötallıqmaI am going to be able to pass | senötallıqsayou are going to be able to pass | olötallıqdıhe is going to be able to pass | bizötallıqbızwe are going to be able to pass | sizötallıqsızyou all are going to be able to pass | alaötallıqdılathey are going to be able to pass |
| Ability — future II | menötallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to pass | senötallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to pass | olötallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to pass | bizötallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to pass | sizötallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to pass | alaötallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to pass |
| Ability — future II | menötallıqmamı? ötallıqmıma?am I going to be able to pass? | senötallıqmısa?are you going to be able to pass? | olötallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to pass? | bizötallıqbızmı? ötallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to pass? | sizötallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to pass? | alaötallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to pass? |
| Ability — future II | menötallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to pass? | senötallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to pass? | olötallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to pass? | bizötallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to pass? | sizötallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to pass? | alaötallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to pass? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menötalır edimötalır emI would be able to pass | senötalır ediŋötalır eŋyou would be able to pass | olötalır ediötalır edhe would be able to pass | bizötalır edikötalır ekwe would be able to pass | sizötalır edigizötalır egizyou all would be able to pass | alaötalır edileötalır ellethey would be able to pass |
| Ability — would be able to… | menötalmaz edimötalmaz emI wouldn't be able to pass | senötalmaz ediŋötalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to pass | olötalmaz ediötalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to pass | bizötalmaz edikötalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to pass | sizötalmaz edigizötalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to pass | alaötalmaz edileötalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to pass |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senötalğınötalğımay you be able to pass | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senötalmağınötalmağımay you not be able to pass | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menöterge izleymeI want to pass | senöterge izleyseyou want to pass | olöterge izleydihe wants to pass | bizöterge izleybizwe want to pass | sizöterge izleysizyou all want to pass | alaöterge izleydilethey want to pass |
| want to | menöterge izlemeymeI do not want to pass | senöterge izlemeyseyou do not want to pass | olöterge izlemeydihe does not want to pass | bizöterge izlemeybizwe do not want to pass | sizöterge izlemeysizyou all do not want to pass | alaöterge izlemeydilethey do not want to pass |
| would like to | menöterge süemeI would like to pass | senöterge süeseyou would like to pass | olöterge süedihe would like to pass | bizöterge süebizwe would like to pass | sizöterge süesizyou all would like to pass | alaöterge süedilethey would like to pass |
| would like to | menöterge süymeymeI would not like to pass | senöterge süymeyseyou would not like to pass | olöterge süymeydihe would not like to pass | bizöterge süymeybizwe would not like to pass | sizöterge süymeysizyou all would not like to pass | alaöterge süymeydilethey would not like to pass |
| hope to | menöterge umutlanamaI hope to pass | senöterge umutlanasayou hope to pass | olöterge umutlanadıhe hopes to pass | bizöterge umutlanabızwe hope to pass | sizöterge umutlanasızyou all hope to pass | alaöterge umutlanadılathey hope to pass |
| hope to | menöterge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to pass | senöterge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to pass | olöterge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to pass | bizöterge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to pass | sizöterge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to pass | alaöterge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to pass |
| be about to | menöterge deb turamaI am about to pass | senöterge deb turasayou are about to pass | olöterge deb turadıhe is about to pass | bizöterge deb turabızwe are about to pass | sizöterge deb turasızyou all are about to pass | alaöterge deb turadılathey are about to pass |
| be about to | menöterge deb turmaymaI am not about to pass | senöterge deb turmaysayou are not about to pass | olöterge deb turmaydıhe is not about to pass | bizöterge deb turmaybızwe are not about to pass | sizöterge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to pass | alaöterge deb turmaydılathey are not about to pass |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menöterge kerekmeI need to pass | senöterge kerekseyou need to pass | olöterge kerekdihe needs to pass | bizöterge kerekbizwe need to pass | sizöterge kereksizyou all need to pass | alaöterge kerekdilethey need to pass |
| need to | menöterge kerek tülmeI do not need to pass | senöterge kerek tülseyou do not need to pass | olöterge kerek tüldühe does not need to pass | bizöterge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to pass | sizöterge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to pass | alaöterge kerek tüldülethey do not need to pass |
| have to | menmenŋe öterge tüşediI have to pass | sensenŋe öterge tüşediyou have to pass | olaŋa öterge tüşedihe has to pass | bizbizge öterge tüşediwe have to pass | sizsizge öterge tüşediyou all have to pass | alaalağa öterge tüşedithey have to pass |
| have to | menmenŋe öterge tüşmeydiI do not have to pass | sensenŋe öterge tüşmeydiyou do not have to pass | olaŋa öterge tüşmeydihe does not have to pass | bizbizge öterge tüşmeydiwe do not have to pass | sizsizge öterge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to pass | alaalağa öterge tüşmeydithey do not have to pass |
| be obliged to | menöterge borçlumaI am obliged to pass | senöterge borçlusayou are obliged to pass | olöterge borçluduhe is obliged to pass | bizöterge borçlubuzwe are obliged to pass | sizöterge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to pass | alaöterge borçludulathey are obliged to pass |
| be obliged to | menöterge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to pass | senöterge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to pass | olöterge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to pass | bizöterge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to pass | sizöterge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to pass | alaöterge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to pass |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menöterge madarım bardıI have a way to pass | senöterge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to pass | olöterge madarı bardıhe has a way to pass | bizöterge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to pass | sizöterge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to pass | alaöterge madarları bardıthey have a way to pass |
| have a way to | menöterge madarım joqduI have no way to pass | senöterge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to pass | olöterge madarı joqduhe has no way to pass | bizöterge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to pass | sizöterge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to pass | alaöterge madarları joqduthey have no way to pass |
| be free to | menöterge erkinligim bardıI am free to pass | senöterge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to pass | olöterge erkinligi bardıhe is free to pass | bizöterge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to pass | sizöterge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to pass | alaöterge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to pass |
| be free to | menöterge erkinligim joqduI am not free to pass | senöterge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to pass | olöterge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to pass | bizöterge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to pass | sizöterge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to pass | alaöterge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to pass |
| be possible to | menmenŋe öterge bolluqduit is possible for me to pass | sensenŋe öterge bolluqduit is possible for you to pass | olaŋa öterge bolluqduit is possible for him to pass | bizbizge öterge bolluqduit is possible for us to pass | sizsizge öterge bolluqduit is possible for you all to pass | alaalağa öterge bolluqduit is possible for them to pass |
| be possible to | menmenŋe öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to pass | sensenŋe öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to pass | olaŋa öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to pass | bizbizge öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to pass | sizsizge öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to pass | alaalağa öterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to pass |
| be ready to | menöterge hazırmaI am ready to pass | senöterge hazırsayou are ready to pass | olöterge hazırdıhe is ready to pass | bizöterge hazırbızwe are ready to pass | sizöterge hazırsızyou all are ready to pass | alaöterge hazırdılathey are ready to pass |
| be ready to | menöterge hazır tülmeI am not ready to pass | senöterge hazır tülseyou are not ready to pass | olöterge hazır tüldühe is not ready to pass | bizöterge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to pass | sizöterge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to pass | alaöterge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to pass |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menöterge küreşemeI am trying to pass | senöterge küreşeseyou are trying to pass | olöterge küreşedihe is trying to pass | bizöterge küreşebizwe are trying to pass | sizöterge küreşesizyou all are trying to pass | alaöterge küreşedilethey are trying to pass |
| try to | menöterge küreşmeymeI am not trying to pass | senöterge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to pass | olöterge küreşmeydihe is not trying to pass | bizöterge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to pass | sizöterge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to pass | alaöterge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to pass |
| agree to | menöterge unaymaI agree to pass | senöterge unaysayou agree to pass | olöterge unaydıhe agrees to pass | bizöterge unaybızwe agree to pass | sizöterge unaysızyou all agree to pass | alaöterge unaydılathey agree to pass |
| agree to | menöterge unamaymaI refuse to pass | senöterge unamaysayou refuse to pass | olöterge unamaydıhe refuses to pass | bizöterge unamaybızwe refuse to pass | sizöterge unamaysızyou all refuse to pass | alaöterge unamaydılathey refuse to pass |
| hurry to | menöterge aşığamaI am in a hurry to pass | senöterge aşığasayou are in a hurry to pass | olöterge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to pass | bizöterge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to pass | sizöterge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to pass | alaöterge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to pass |
| hurry to | menöterge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to pass | senöterge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to pass | olöterge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to pass | bizöterge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to pass | sizöterge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to pass | alaöterge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to pass |
| be afraid to | menöterge qorqamaI am afraid to pass | senöterge qorqasayou are afraid to pass | olöterge qorqadıhe is afraid to pass | bizöterge qorqabızwe are afraid to pass | sizöterge qorqasızyou all are afraid to pass | alaöterge qorqadılathey are afraid to pass |
| be afraid to | menöterge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to pass | senöterge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to pass | olöterge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to pass | bizöterge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to pass | sizöterge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to pass | alaöterge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to pass |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menöte bolmazmaI can't be passing | senöte bolmazsayou can't be passing | olöte bolmazhe can't be passing | bizöte bolmazbızwe can't be passing | sizöte bolmazsızyou all can't be passing | alaöte bolmazlathey can't be passing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menötmey bolmazmaI must be passing (emphatic) | senötmey bolmazsayou must be passing (emphatic) | olötmey bolmazhe must be passing (emphatic) | bizötmey bolmazbızwe must be passing (emphatic) | sizötmey bolmazsızyou all must be passing (emphatic) | alaötmey bolmazlathey must be passing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menöte turmasamif I don't keep passing | senöte turmasaŋif you don't keep passing | olöte turmasaif he doesn't keep passing | bizöte turmasaqif we don't keep passing | sizöte turmasağızif you all don't keep passing | alaöte turmasalaif they don't keep passing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menöte tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of passing | senöte tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of passing | olöte tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of passing | bizöte tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of passing | sizöte tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of passing | alaöte tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of passing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menötmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not passing (emphatic) | senötmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not passing (emphatic) | olötmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not passing (emphatic) | bizötmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not passing (emphatic) | sizötmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not passing (emphatic) | alaötmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not passing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menötmey turamaI keep on not passing | senötmey turasayou keep on not passing | olötmey turadıhe keeps on not passing | bizötmey turabızwe keep on not passing | sizötmey turasızyou all keep on not passing | alaötmey turadılathey keep on not passing |
| Progressive — double negation | menötmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not passing | senötmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not passing | olötmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not passing | bizötmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not passing | sizötmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not passing | alaötmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not passing |
| Progressive — double negation | menötmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not passing? | senötmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not passing? | olötmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not passing? | bizötmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not passing? | sizötmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not passing? | alaötmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not passing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menötgen bolmazmaI can't have passed | senötgen bolmazsayou can't have passed | olötgen bolmazhe can't have passed | bizötgen bolmazbızwe can't have passed | sizötgen bolmazsızyou all can't have passed | alaötgen bolmazlathey can't have passed |
| Inference — double negation | menötmegen bolmazmaI must have passed (emphatic) | senötmegen bolmazsayou must have passed (emphatic) | olötmegen bolmazhe must have passed (emphatic) | bizötmegen bolmazbızwe must have passed (emphatic) | sizötmegen bolmazsızyou all must have passed (emphatic) | alaötmegen bolmazlathey must have passed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menötgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had passed | senötgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had passed | olötgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had passed | bizötgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had passed | sizötgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had passed | alaötgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had passed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menötmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't passed | senötmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't passed | olötmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't passed | bizötmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't passed | sizötmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't passed | alaötmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't passed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menöterik bolmazmaI can't be going to pass | senöterik bolmazsayou can't be going to pass | olöterik bolmazhe can't be going to pass | bizöterik bolmazbızwe can't be going to pass | sizöterik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to pass | alaöterik bolmazlathey can't be going to pass |
| Inference, future — double negation | menötmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to pass (emphatic) | senötmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to pass (emphatic) | olötmezlik bolmazhe must be going to pass (emphatic) | bizötmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to pass (emphatic) | sizötmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to pass (emphatic) | alaötmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to pass (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menöterik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to pass | senöterik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to pass | olöterik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to pass | bizöterik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to pass | sizöterik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to pass | alaöterik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to pass |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menötmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to pass | senötmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to pass | olötmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to pass | bizötmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to pass | sizötmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to pass | alaötmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to pass |