töre
/tøre/ · plural törele
1. custom, tradition, established social practice — Before another noun it means traditional.
- millet törele — national customs
- halqıbıznı töreleri — the customs of our people
- jaŋı töre — a new custom
- ata-babaladan qalğan aşhı törele — good customs left from the ancestors
- din bla baylamlı törele — customs connected with religion
- igi törele buzula baradıla — good customs are gradually breaking down
2. customary law, traditional code, adat
- töreni buzğan sıy körmez — one who breaks customary law receives no respect
- törege boysunŋan el tınç jaşar — a people abiding by customary law live in peace
- Qaraçay töre bek qatı saqlanadı — Karachay customary law is strictly maintained
- küçge töre joqdu — force has no law
3. customary court of arbitration, deliberative council
- işni törege beriw — handing the case over to the court
- törede süzülgen daw — a dispute examined in the court
- töre jıyılıb tüz onow berdi — the council convened and gave a just ruling
- töre allında juwab tutdu — he gave his answer before the court
- juwab etalmazlıq bolsaŋ, törege barma — if you can't answer, don't go to the court
- töre başçısı aqıllı qart edi — the head of the customary council was a wise elder
- töre kesgen barmaqdan qan çıqmaz — a finger cut by the court does not bleed
4. arbitrator, judge, member of a customary court
- töre bla keŋeş — consult the arbitrator
- töre dawnu süzdü — the arbitrator examined the dispute
- ol elde töre bolğandı — he was an arbitrator in the village
- töre saqlaydı ulutha kelirin — the judge waits for a bribe to come
5. habit, customary behavior
- quyruq bulğağan itge töredi — wagging its tail is a dog's habit
- ertden turuw menŋe töredi — rising early is a habit for me
- urlağan bir-birlege töredi — stealing is a habit with some
- çoçuğan töresi joqdu — it has no habit of shying
- itni boşuna ürgen töresi boluwçudu — the dog had a habit of barking for nothing
6. occasion, opportunity, chance — Usually takes a possessive ending, most often in a conditional clause about having the chance to do something.
- şaharğa barğan töreŋ bolsa — if you have occasion to go to town
- Soslannı körgen töreŋ bolsa — if you have occasion to see Soslan
- jayaw qalğan töreŋ bolsa — in case you are left on foot
- anı körgen törem bolmadı — I had no chance to see him
- jazğan törem bolmağandı — I have had no opportunity to write
7. something reserved for or proper to someone, someone's lot — Used in the predicate with the dative: ölüm kimge da töredi 'death is everyone's lot'.
- ölüm kimge da töredi — death is everyone's lot
- qartlıq barıbızğa da töredi — old age is the lot of us all
8. fashion, prevailing style one source
- törege köre kiyinedi — he dresses according to the fashion
- jaŋı töre terk jayıladı — a new style spreads quickly
- bu kiyim töreden çıqğandı — this garment has gone out of fashion
Expressions
- töre bolurğa — become custom
- törege oltururğa — take part in decisions
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | törethe custom | töremmy custom | töreŋyour custom | töresihis custom | törebizour custom | töregizyou all's custom | töreleritheir customs |
| Genitive | törenithe custom's | töremimy custom's | töreŋiyour custom's | töresinihis custom's | törebizniour custom's | töregizniyou all's custom's | törelerinitheir customs' |
| Accusative | törenithe custom (as the object) | töremimy custom (as the object) | töreŋiyour custom (as the object) | töresinhis custom (as the object) | törebizniour custom (as the object) | töregizniyou all's custom (as the object) | törelerintheir customs (as the object) |
| Dative | töregeto the custom | töremeto my custom | töreŋeto your custom | töresineto his custom | törebizgeto our custom | töregizgeto you all's custom | törelerineto their customs |
| Locative | töredein / at the custom | töremdein / at my custom | töreŋdein / at your custom | töresindein / at his custom | törebizdein / at our custom | töregizdein / at you all's custom | törelerindein / at their customs |
| Ablative | töredenfrom the custom | töremdenfrom my custom | töreŋdenfrom your custom | töresindenfrom his custom | törebizdenfrom our custom | töregizdenfrom you all's custom | törelerindenfrom their customs |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | törelethe customs | törelerimmy customs | töreleriŋyour customs | törelerihis customs | töreleribizour customs | törelerigizyou all's customs | töreleritheir customs |
| Genitive | törelenithe customs' | törelerimimy customs' | töreleriŋiyour customs' | törelerinihis customs' | töreleribizniour customs' | törelerigizniyou all's customs' | törelerinitheir customs' |
| Accusative | törelenithe customs (as the object) | törelerimimy customs (as the object) | töreleriŋiyour customs (as the object) | törelerinhis customs (as the object) | töreleribizniour customs (as the object) | törelerigizniyou all's customs (as the object) | törelerintheir customs (as the object) |
| Dative | törelegeto the customs | törelerimeto my customs | töreleriŋeto your customs | törelerineto his customs | töreleribizgeto our customs | törelerigizgeto you all's customs | törelerineto their customs |
| Locative | töreledein / at the customs | törelerimdein / at my customs | töreleriŋdein / at your customs | törelerindein / at his customs | töreleribizdein / at our customs | törelerigizdein / at you all's customs | törelerindein / at their customs |
| Ablative | töreledenfrom the customs | törelerimdenfrom my customs | töreleriŋdenfrom your customs | törelerindenfrom his customs | töreleribizdenfrom our customs | törelerigizdenfrom you all's customs | törelerindenfrom their customs |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: töreleri can mean "his / her customs", "their custom", or "their customs" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.