tonarğa
/tonarʁa/
1. rob, plunder, fleece
- jolowçulanı tonarğa — to rob travelers
- tükenni tonarğa — to rob the shop
- bügeçe üyübüznü tonağandıla — they robbed our house last night
- jaw asker elni tonağandı — the enemy army plundered the village
- elni tonab ketgendile — they plundered the village and left
- birewnü tereklerin tonarğa — to strip someone else's trees bare
2. take apart, strip down — Usually of dismantling a weapon or a mechanism. Marked as a Karachay usage.
- mıltıqnı tonarğa — to strip the rifle down
- pulemötnu tonarğa — to strip down a machine gun
- uşkoknu tona — strip the rifle down
- sawutnu tonadıla — they took the weapon apart
3. harvest, strip of fruit (of fruit trees or a vineyard) one source
- jüzüm baçhanı tonarıqbız — we will harvest the vineyard
- köget terekleni tonaybız — we strip the fruit trees
Conjugation
Common forms
- tonaydıhe is robbing
- tonadıhe robbed
- tonağandıhe has robbed
- tonarhe will rob
- tonarıqdıhe is going to rob
- tonay edihe was robbing
- tonasaif he robs
- tona!rob!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonaymaI am robbing | sentonaysayou are robbing | oltonaydıhe is robbing | biztonaybızwe are robbing | siztonaysızyou all are robbing | alatonaydılathey are robbing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonamaymaI am not robbing | sentonamaysayou are not robbing | oltonamaydıhe is not robbing | biztonamaybızwe are not robbing | siztonamaysızyou all are not robbing | alatonamaydılathey are not robbing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonaymamı? tonaymıma?am I robbing? | sentonaymısa?are you robbing? | oltonaymıdı?is he robbing? | biztonaybızmı? tonaymıbız?are we robbing? | siztonaymısız?are you all robbing? | alatonaymıdıla?are they robbing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonamaymamı? tonamaymıma?aren't I robbing? | sentonamaymısa?aren't you robbing? | oltonamaymıdı?isn't he robbing? | biztonamaybızmı? tonamaymıbız?aren't we robbing? | siztonamaymısız?aren't you all robbing? | alatonamaymıdıla?aren't they robbing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonawçanmaI usually rob | sentonawçansayou usually rob | oltonawçandıhe usually robs | biztonawçanbızwe usually rob | siztonawçansızyou all usually rob | alatonawçandılathey usually rob |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonamawçanmaI usually don't rob | sentonamawçansayou usually don't rob | oltonamawçandıhe usually doesn't rob | biztonamawçanbızwe usually don't rob | siztonamawçansızyou all usually don't rob | alatonamawçandılathey usually don't rob |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonawçanmamı? tonawçanmıma?do I usually rob? | sentonawçanmısa?do you usually rob? | oltonawçanmıdı?does he usually rob? | biztonawçanbızmı? tonawçanmıbız?do we usually rob? | siztonawçanmısız?do you all usually rob? | alatonawçanmıdıla?do they usually rob? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonamawçanmamı? tonamawçanmıma?do I usually not rob? | sentonamawçanmısa?do you usually not rob? | oltonamawçanmıdı?does he usually not rob? | biztonamawçanbızmı? tonamawçanmıbız?do we usually not rob? | siztonamawçanmısız?do you all usually not rob? | alatonamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not rob? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltonabdıhe has robbed and remains so | alatonabdılathey have robbed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltonabmıdı?has he robbed? | alatonabmıdıla?have they robbed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonab turamaI keep robbing | sentonab turasayou keep robbing | oltonab turadıhe keeps robbing | biztonab turabızwe keep robbing | siztonab turasızyou all keep robbing | alatonab turadılathey keep robbing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonab turmaymaI don't keep robbing | sentonab turmaysayou don't keep robbing | oltonab turmaydıhe doesn't keep robbing | biztonab turmaybızwe don't keep robbing | siztonab turmaysızyou all don't keep robbing | alatonab turmaydılathey don't keep robbing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonab turamamı? tonab turamıma?do I keep robbing? | sentonab turamısa?do you keep robbing? | oltonab turamıdı?does he keep robbing? | biztonab turabızmı? tonab turamıbız?do we keep robbing? | siztonab turamısız?do you all keep robbing? | alatonab turamıdıla?do they keep robbing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonab turmaymamı? tonab turmaymıma?don't I keep robbing? | sentonab turmaymısa?don't you keep robbing? | oltonab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep robbing? | biztonab turmaybızmı? tonab turmaymıbız?don't we keep robbing? | siztonab turmaymısız?don't you all keep robbing? | alatonab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep robbing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonay turamaI am in the middle of robbing | sentonay turasayou are in the middle of robbing | oltonay turadıhe is in the middle of robbing | biztonay turabızwe are in the middle of robbing | siztonay turasızyou all are in the middle of robbing | alatonay turadılathey are in the middle of robbing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonay turmaymaI am not in the middle of robbing | sentonay turmaysayou are not in the middle of robbing | oltonay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of robbing | biztonay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of robbing | siztonay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of robbing | alatonay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of robbing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonay turamamı? tonay turamıma?am I in the middle of robbing? | sentonay turamısa?are you in the middle of robbing? | oltonay turamıdı?is he in the middle of robbing? | biztonay turabızmı? tonay turamıbız?are we in the middle of robbing? | siztonay turamısız?are you all in the middle of robbing? | alatonay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of robbing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonay turmaymamı? tonay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of robbing? | sentonay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of robbing? | oltonay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of robbing? | biztonay turmaybızmı? tonay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of robbing? | siztonay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of robbing? | alatonay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of robbing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonadımI robbed | sentonadıŋyou robbed | oltonadıhe robbed | biztonadıqwe robbed | siztonadığızyou all robbed | alatonadılathey robbed |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonamadımI didn't rob | sentonamadıŋyou didn't rob | oltonamadıhe didn't rob | biztonamadıqwe didn't rob | siztonamadığızyou all didn't rob | alatonamadılathey didn't rob |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonadımmı?did I rob? | sentonadıŋmı?did you rob? | oltonadımı?did he rob? | biztonadıqmı?did we rob? | siztonadığızmı?did you all rob? | alatonadılamı?did they rob? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonamadımmı?didn't I rob? | sentonamadıŋmı?didn't you rob? | oltonamadımı?didn't he rob? | biztonamadıqmı?didn't we rob? | siztonamadığızmı?didn't you all rob? | alatonamadılamı?didn't they rob? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonağanmaI have robbed | sentonağansayou have robbed | oltonağandıhe has robbed | biztonağanbızwe have robbed | siztonağansızyou all have robbed | alatonağandılathey have robbed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonamağanmaI haven't robbed | sentonamağansayou haven't robbed | oltonamağandıhe hasn't robbed | biztonamağanbızwe haven't robbed | siztonamağansızyou all haven't robbed | alatonamağandılathey haven't robbed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonağanmamı? tonağanmıma?have I robbed? | sentonağanmısa?have you robbed? | oltonağanmıdı?has he robbed? | biztonağanbızmı? tonağanmıbız?have we robbed? | siztonağanmısız?have you all robbed? | alatonağanmıdıla?have they robbed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonamağanmamı? tonamağanmıma?haven't I robbed? | sentonamağanmısa?haven't you robbed? | oltonamağanmıdı?hasn't he robbed? | biztonamağanbızmı? tonamağanmıbız?haven't we robbed? | siztonamağanmısız?haven't you all robbed? | alatonamağanmıdıla?haven't they robbed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentonab turdumI kept robbing | sentonab turduŋyou kept robbing | oltonab turduhe kept robbing | biztonab turduqwe kept robbing | siztonab turduğuzyou all kept robbing | alatonab turdulathey kept robbing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentonab turmadımI didn't keep robbing | sentonab turmadıŋyou didn't keep robbing | oltonab turmadıhe didn't keep robbing | biztonab turmadıqwe didn't keep robbing | siztonab turmadığızyou all didn't keep robbing | alatonab turmadılathey didn't keep robbing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonarmaI will rob | sentonarsayou will rob | oltonarhe will rob | biztonarbızwe will rob | siztonarsızyou all will rob | alatonarlathey will rob |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonamazmaI won't rob | sentonamazsayou won't rob | oltonamazhe won't rob | biztonamazbızwe won't rob | siztonamazsızyou all won't rob | alatonamazlathey won't rob |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonarmamı? tonarmıma?will I rob? | sentonarmısa?will you rob? | oltonarmı?will he rob? | biztonarbızmı? tonarmıbız?will we rob? | siztonarmısız?will you all rob? | alatonarlamı? tonarmıla?will they rob? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonamazmamı? tonamazmıma?won't I rob? | sentonamazmısa?won't you rob? | oltonamazmı?won't he rob? | biztonamazbızmı? tonamazmıbız?won't we rob? | siztonamazmısız?won't you all rob? | alatonamazlamı? tonamazmıla?won't they rob? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonarıqmaI am going to rob | sentonarıqsayou are going to rob | oltonarıqdıhe is going to rob | biztonarıqbızwe are going to rob | siztonarıqsızyou all are going to rob | alatonarıqdılathey are going to rob |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonarıq tülmeI am not going to rob | sentonarıq tülseyou are not going to rob | oltonarıq tüldühe is not going to rob | biztonarıq tülbüzwe are not going to rob | siztonarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to rob | alatonarıq tüldülethey are not going to rob |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonarıqmamı? tonarıqmıma?am I going to rob? | sentonarıqmısa?are you going to rob? | oltonarıqmıdı?is he going to rob? | biztonarıqbızmı? tonarıqmıbız?are we going to rob? | siztonarıqmısız?are you all going to rob? | alatonarıqmıdıla?are they going to rob? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to rob? | sentonarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to rob? | oltonarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to rob? | biztonarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to rob? | siztonarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to rob? | alatonarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to rob? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentonağan edimtonağanemI had robbed | sentonağan ediŋtonağaneŋyou had robbed | oltonağan editonağanedhe had robbed | biztonağan ediktonağanekwe had robbed | siztonağan edigiztonağanegizyou all had robbed | alatonağan ediletonağanellethey had robbed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentonamağan edimtonamağanemI hadn't robbed | sentonamağan ediŋtonamağaneŋyou hadn't robbed | oltonamağan editonamağanedhe hadn't robbed | biztonamağan ediktonamağanekwe hadn't robbed | siztonamağan edigiztonamağanegizyou all hadn't robbed | alatonamağan ediletonamağanellethey hadn't robbed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentonay edimtonayemI was robbing | sentonay ediŋtonayeŋyou were robbing | oltonay editonayedhe was robbing | biztonay ediktonayekwe were robbing | siztonay edigiztonayegizyou all were robbing | alatonay ediletonayellethey were robbing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentonamay edimtonamayemI wasn't robbing | sentonamay ediŋtonamayeŋyou weren't robbing | oltonamay editonamayedhe wasn't robbing | biztonamay ediktonamayekwe weren't robbing | siztonamay edigiztonamayegizyou all weren't robbing | alatonamay ediletonamayellethey weren't robbing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentonawçan edimtonawçanemI used to rob | sentonawçan ediŋtonawçaneŋyou used to rob | oltonawçan editonawçanedhe used to rob | biztonawçan ediktonawçanekwe used to rob | siztonawçan edigiztonawçanegizyou all used to rob | alatonawçan ediletonawçanellethey used to rob |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentonamawçan edimtonamawçanemI didn't use to rob | sentonamawçan ediŋtonamawçaneŋyou didn't use to rob | oltonamawçan editonamawçanedhe didn't use to rob | biztonamawçan ediktonamawçanekwe didn't use to rob | siztonamawçan edigiztonamawçanegizyou all didn't use to rob | alatonamawçan ediletonamawçanellethey didn't use to rob |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltonab edihe had robbed and remained so | alatonab edilethey had robbed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltonab tül edihe hadn't robbed | alatonab tül edilethey hadn't robbed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentonab tura edimtonab turaemI had kept robbing | sentonab tura ediŋtonab turaeŋyou had kept robbing | oltonab tura editonab turaedhe had kept robbing | biztonab tura ediktonab turaekwe had kept robbing | siztonab tura edigiztonab turaegizyou all had kept robbing | alatonab tura ediletonab turaellethey had kept robbing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentonab turmay edimtonab turmayemI hadn't kept robbing | sentonab turmay ediŋtonab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept robbing | oltonab turmay editonab turmayedhe hadn't kept robbing | biztonab turmay ediktonab turmayekwe hadn't kept robbing | siztonab turmay edigiztonab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept robbing | alatonab turmay ediletonab turmayellethey hadn't kept robbing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentonay tura edimtonay turaemI was in the middle of robbing | sentonay tura ediŋtonay turaeŋyou were in the middle of robbing | oltonay tura editonay turaedhe was in the middle of robbing | biztonay tura ediktonay turaekwe were in the middle of robbing | siztonay tura edigiztonay turaegizyou all were in the middle of robbing | alatonay tura ediletonay turaellethey were in the middle of robbing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentonay turmay edimtonay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of robbing | sentonay turmay ediŋtonay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of robbing | oltonay turmay editonay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of robbing | biztonay turmay ediktonay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of robbing | siztonay turmay edigiztonay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of robbing | alatonay turmay ediletonay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of robbing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentonar edimtonar emI would rob | sentonar ediŋtonar eŋyou would rob | oltonar editonar edhe would rob | biztonar ediktonar ekwe would rob | siztonar edigiztonar egizyou all would rob | alatonar ediletonar ellethey would rob |
| Conditional result (would) | mentonamaz edimtonamaz emI wouldn't rob | sentonamaz ediŋtonamaz eŋyou wouldn't rob | oltonamaz editonamaz edhe wouldn't rob | biztonamaz ediktonamaz ekwe wouldn't rob | siztonamaz edigiztonamaz egizyou all wouldn't rob | alatonamaz ediletonamaz ellethey wouldn't rob |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentonarıq edimtonarıq emI would have robbed | sentonarıq ediŋtonarıq eŋyou would have robbed | oltonarıq editonarıq edhe would have robbed | biztonarıq ediktonarıq ekwe would have robbed | siztonarıq edigiztonarıq egizyou all would have robbed | alatonarıq ediletonarıq ellethey would have robbed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentonarıq tül edimtonarıq tül emI wouldn't have robbed | sentonarıq tül ediŋtonarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have robbed | oltonarıq tül editonarıq tül edhe wouldn't have robbed | biztonarıq tül ediktonarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have robbed | siztonarıq tül edigiztonarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have robbed | alatonarıq tül ediletonarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have robbed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentonasamif I rob | sentonasaŋif you rob | oltonasaif he robs | biztonasaqif we rob | siztonasağızif you all rob | alatonasalaif they rob |
| Conditional | mentonamasamif I don't rob | sentonamasaŋif you don't rob | oltonamasaif he doesn't rob | biztonamasaqif we don't rob | siztonamasağızif you all don't rob | alatonamasalaif they don't rob |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentonay esemif I am robbing | sentonay eseŋif you are robbing | oltonay eseif he is robbing | biztonay esekif we are robbing | siztonay esegizif you all are robbing | alatonay eseleif they are robbing |
| Conditional, present real | mentonamay esemif I am not robbing | sentonamay eseŋif you are not robbing | oltonamay eseif he is not robbing | biztonamay esekif we are not robbing | siztonamay esegizif you all are not robbing | alatonamay eseleif they are not robbing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentonasam editonasam edif only I robbed | sentonasaŋ editonasaŋ edif only you robbed | oltonasa editonasaedif only he robbed | biztonasaq editonasaq edif only we robbed | siztonasağız editonasağız edif only you all robbed | alatonasala editonasalaedif only they robbed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentonamasam editonamasam edif only I didn't rob | sentonamasaŋ editonamasaŋ edif only you didn't rob | oltonamasa editonamasaedif only he didn't rob | biztonamasaq editonamasaq edif only we didn't rob | siztonamasağız editonamasağız edif only you all didn't rob | alatonamasala editonamasalaedif only they didn't rob |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentonab tursamif I carry on robbing | sentonab tursaŋif you carry on robbing | oltonab tursaif he carries on robbing | biztonab tursaqif we carry on robbing | siztonab tursağızif you all carry on robbing | alatonab tursalaif they carry on robbing |
| Durative conditional | mentonab turmasamif I don't carry on robbing | sentonab turmasaŋif you don't carry on robbing | oltonab turmasaif he doesn't carry on robbing | biztonab turmasaqif we don't carry on robbing | siztonab turmasağızif you all don't carry on robbing | alatonab turmasalaif they don't carry on robbing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentonab tura esemif I have kept robbing | sentonab tura eseŋif you have kept robbing | oltonab tura eseif he has kept robbing | biztonab tura esekif we have kept robbing | siztonab tura esegizif you all have kept robbing | alatonab tura eseleif they have kept robbing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentonab turmay esemif I haven't kept robbing | sentonab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept robbing | oltonab turmay eseif he hasn't kept robbing | biztonab turmay esekif we haven't kept robbing | siztonab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept robbing | alatonab turmay eseleif they haven't kept robbing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentonay tursamif I keep robbing | sentonay tursaŋif you keep robbing | oltonay tursaif he keeps robbing | biztonay tursaqif we keep robbing | siztonay tursağızif you all keep robbing | alatonay tursalaif they keep robbing |
| Progressive conditional | mentonamay tursamif I keep on not robbing | sentonamay tursaŋif you keep on not robbing | oltonamay tursaif he keeps on not robbing | biztonamay tursaqif we keep on not robbing | siztonamay tursağızif you all keep on not robbing | alatonamay tursalaif they keep on not robbing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentonay tura esemif I am in the middle of robbing | sentonay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of robbing | oltonay tura eseif he is in the middle of robbing | biztonay tura esekif we are in the middle of robbing | siztonay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of robbing | alatonay tura eseleif they are in the middle of robbing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentonamay tura esemif I keep on not robbing | sentonamay tura eseŋif you keep on not robbing | oltonamay tura eseif he keeps on not robbing | biztonamay tura esekif we keep on not robbing | siztonamay tura esegizif you all keep on not robbing | alatonamay tura eseleif they keep on not robbing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentonadım esemif I robbed | sentonadıŋ eseŋif you robbed | oltonadı eseif he robbed | biztonadıq esekif we robbed | siztonadığız esegizif you all robbed | alatonadıla eseleif they robbed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentonamadım esemif I didn't rob | sentonamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't rob | oltonamadı eseif he didn't rob | biztonamadıq esekif we didn't rob | siztonamadığız esegizif you all didn't rob | alatonamadıla eseleif they didn't rob |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentonağan esemif I did rob (indeed) | sentonağan eseŋif you did rob (indeed) | oltonağan eseif he did rob (indeed) | biztonağan esekif we did rob (indeed) | siztonağan esegizif you all did rob (indeed) | alatonağan eseleif they did rob (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentonamağan esemif I didn't rob (indeed) | sentonamağan eseŋif you didn't rob (indeed) | oltonamağan eseif he didn't rob (indeed) | biztonamağan esekif we didn't rob (indeed) | siztonamağan esegizif you all didn't rob (indeed) | alatonamağan eseleif they didn't rob (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentonağan bolsamif I had robbed | sentonağan bolsaŋif you had robbed | oltonağan bolsaif he had robbed | biztonağan bolsaqif we had robbed | siztonağan bolsağızif you all had robbed | alatonağan bolsalaif they had robbed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentonamağan bolsamif I hadn't robbed | sentonamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't robbed | oltonamağan bolsaif he hadn't robbed | biztonamağan bolsaqif we hadn't robbed | siztonamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't robbed | alatonamağan bolsalaif they hadn't robbed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentonağan bolsam editonağan bolsam edif only I had robbed | sentonağan bolsaŋ editonağan bolsaŋ edif only you had robbed | oltonağan bolsa editonağan bolsaedif only he had robbed | biztonağan bolsaq editonağan bolsaq edif only we had robbed | siztonağan bolsağız editonağan bolsağız edif only you all had robbed | alatonağan bolsala editonağan bolsalaedif only they had robbed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentonamağan bolsam editonamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't robbed | sentonamağan bolsaŋ editonamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't robbed | oltonamağan bolsa editonamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't robbed | biztonamağan bolsaq editonamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't robbed | siztonamağan bolsağız editonamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't robbed | alatonamağan bolsala editonamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't robbed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentonar esemif I will rob | sentonar eseŋif you will rob | oltonar eseif he will rob | biztonar esekif we will rob | siztonar esegizif you all will rob | alatonar eseleif they will rob |
| Conditional, aorist | mentonamaz esemif I won't rob | sentonamaz eseŋif you won't rob | oltonamaz eseif he won't rob | biztonamaz esekif we won't rob | siztonamaz esegizif you all won't rob | alatonamaz eseleif they won't rob |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentonarıq esemif I am going to rob | sentonarıq eseŋif you are going to rob | oltonarıq eseif he is going to rob | biztonarıq esekif we are going to rob | siztonarıq esegizif you all are going to rob | alatonarıq eseleif they are going to rob |
| Conditional, future | mentonarıq tül esemif I am not going to rob | sentonarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to rob | oltonarıq tül eseif he is not going to rob | biztonarıq tül esekif we are not going to rob | siztonarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to rob | alatonarıq tül eseleif they are not going to rob |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentonarıq bolsamif I were going to rob | sentonarıq bolsaŋif you were going to rob | oltonarıq bolsaif he were going to rob | biztonarıq bolsaqif we were going to rob | siztonarıq bolsağızif you all were going to rob | alatonarıq bolsalaif they were going to rob |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentonamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to rob | sentonamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to rob | oltonamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to rob | biztonamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to rob | siztonamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to rob | alatonamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to rob |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tonadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentonay bolurmaI must be robbing | sentonay bolursayou must be robbing | oltonay bolurhe must be robbing | biztonay bolurbuzwe must be robbing | siztonay bolursuzyou all must be robbing | alatonay bolurlathey must be robbing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentonamay bolurmaI must not be robbing | sentonamay bolursayou must not be robbing | oltonamay bolurhe must not be robbing | biztonamay bolurbuzwe must not be robbing | siztonamay bolursuzyou all must not be robbing | alatonamay bolurlathey must not be robbing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentonay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of robbing | sentonay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of robbing | oltonay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of robbing | biztonay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of robbing | siztonay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of robbing | alatonay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of robbing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentonamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not robbing | sentonamay tura bolursayou must keep on not robbing | oltonamay tura bolurhe must keep on not robbing | biztonamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not robbing | siztonamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not robbing | alatonamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not robbing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentonağan bolurmaI must have robbed | sentonağan bolursayou must have robbed | oltonağan bolurhe must have robbed | biztonağan bolurbuzwe must have robbed | siztonağan bolursuzyou all must have robbed | alatonağan bolurlathey must have robbed |
| Inference (must have) | mentonamağan bolurmaI must not have robbed | sentonamağan bolursayou must not have robbed | oltonamağan bolurhe must not have robbed | biztonamağan bolurbuzwe must not have robbed | siztonamağan bolursuzyou all must not have robbed | alatonamağan bolurlathey must not have robbed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentonarıq bolurmaI must be going to rob | sentonarıq bolursayou must be going to rob | oltonarıq bolurhe must be going to rob | biztonarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to rob | siztonarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to rob | alatonarıq bolurlathey must be going to rob |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentonamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to rob | sentonamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to rob | oltonamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to rob | biztonamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to rob | siztonamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to rob | alatonamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to rob |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentonayımlet me rob | sentona!rob! | oltonasınlet him rob | biztonayıqlet's rob | siztonağız!rob, you all! | alatonasınlalet them rob |
| Commands & suggestions | mentonamayımlet me not rob | sentonama!don't rob! | oltonamasınlet him not rob | biztonamayıqlet's not rob | siztonamağız!don't rob, you all! | alatonamasınlalet them not rob |
| Commands & suggestions | mentonayımmı?shall I rob? | oltonasınmı?should he rob? | biztonayıqmı?shall we rob? | alatonasınlamı?should they rob? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentonamayımmı?shall I not rob? | oltonamasınmı?should he not rob? | biztonamayıqmı?shall we not rob? | alatonamasınlamı?should they not rob? | ||
| Requests | sentonaçı2tonaçınplease rob | oltonasınçıdo let him rob | siztonaçığızplease rob (plural/polite) | alatonasınlaçıdo let them rob | ||
| Requests | sentonamaçı2tonamaçınplease don't rob | oltonamasınçıdo let him not rob | siztonamaçığızplease don't rob (plural/polite) | alatonamasınlaçıdo let them not rob | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentonağıntonağımay you rob | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentonamağıntonamağımay you not rob | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentonağay edim tonağa edimwould that I robbed | sentonağay ediŋ tonağa ediŋwould that you robbed | oltonağay edi tonağa ediwould that he robbed | biztonağay edik tonağa edikwould that we robbed | siztonağay edigiz tonağa edigizwould that you all robbed | alatonağay edile tonağa edilewould that they robbed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentonamağay edim tonamağa edimwould that I did not rob | sentonamağay ediŋ tonamağa ediŋwould that you did not rob | oltonamağay edi tonamağa ediwould that he did not rob | biztonamağay edik tonamağa edikwould that we did not rob | siztonamağay edigiz tonamağa edigizwould that you all did not rob | alatonamağay edile tonamağa edilewould that they did not rob |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonamağa qoyayımtonama qoyayımlet me allow someone to rob | sentonamağa qoy!tonama qoy!let someone rob! | oltonamağa qoysuntonama qoysunlet him allow someone to rob | biztonamağa qoyayıqtonama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to rob | siztonamağa qoyuğuz!tonama qoyuğuz!let someone rob, you all! | alatonamağa qoysunlatonama qoysunlalet them allow someone to rob |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonamağa qoymayımtonama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to rob | sentonamağa qoyma!tonama qoyma!don't let someone rob! | oltonamağa qoymasıntonama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to rob | biztonamağa qoymayıqtonama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to rob | siztonamağa qoymağız!tonama qoymağız!don't let someone rob, you all! | alatonamağa qoymasınlatonama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to rob |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonamağa qoyayımmı?tonama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoysunmu?tonama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoyayıqmı?tonama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoysunlamı?tonama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to rob? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonamağa qoymayımmı?tonama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoymasınmı?tonama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoymayıqmı?tonama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoymasınlamı?tonama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to rob? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentonamağa qoyamatonama qoyamaI allow someone to rob | sentonamağa qoyasatonama qoyasayou allow someone to rob | oltonamağa qoyadıtonama qoyadıhe allows someone to rob | biztonamağa qoyabıztonama qoyabızwe allow someone to rob | siztonamağa qoyasıztonama qoyasızyou all allow someone to rob | alatonamağa qoyadılatonama qoyadılathey allow someone to rob |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonamağa qoymaymatonama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to rob | sentonamağa qoymaysatonama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to rob | oltonamağa qoymaydıtonama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to rob | biztonamağa qoymaybıztonama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to rob | siztonamağa qoymaysıztonama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to rob | alatonamağa qoymaydılatonama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to rob |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonamağa qoyamamı?tonama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to rob? | sentonamağa qoyamısa?tonama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoyamıdı?tonama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoyabızmı?tonama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to rob? | siztonamağa qoyamısız?tonama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoyamıdıla?tonama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to rob? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonamağa qoymaymamı?tonama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to rob? | sentonamağa qoymaymısa?tonama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoymaymıdı?tonama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoymaybızmı?tonama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to rob? | siztonamağa qoymaymısız?tonama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoymaymıdıla?tonama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to rob? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonamağa qoydumtonama qoydumI allowed someone to rob | sentonamağa qoyduŋtonama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to rob | oltonamağa qoydutonama qoyduhe allowed someone to rob | biztonamağa qoyduqtonama qoyduqwe allowed someone to rob | siztonamağa qoyduğuztonama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to rob | alatonamağa qoydulatonama qoydulathey allowed someone to rob |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonamağa qoymadımtonama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to rob | sentonamağa qoymadıŋtonama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to rob | oltonamağa qoymadıtonama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to rob | biztonamağa qoymadıqtonama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to rob | siztonamağa qoymadığıztonama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to rob | alatonamağa qoymadılatonama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to rob |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonamağa qoydummu?tonama qoydummu?did I allow someone to rob? | sentonamağa qoyduŋmu?tonama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoydumu?tonama qoydumu?did he allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoyduqmu?tonama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to rob? | siztonamağa qoyduğuzmu?tonama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoydulamı?tonama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to rob? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonamağa qoymadımmı?tonama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to rob? | sentonamağa qoymadıŋmı?tonama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to rob? | oltonamağa qoymadımı?tonama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to rob? | biztonamağa qoymadıqmı?tonama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to rob? | siztonamağa qoymadığızmı?tonama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to rob? | alatonamağa qoymadılamı?tonama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to rob? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tonayalırğa be able to rob · tonayalmazğa be unable to rob
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentonayalamaI can rob | sentonayalasayou can rob | oltonayaladıhe can rob | biztonayalabızwe can rob | siztonayalasızyou all can rob | alatonayaladılathey can rob |
| Ability — present | mentonayalmaymaI can't rob | sentonayalmaysayou can't rob | oltonayalmaydıhe can't rob | biztonayalmaybızwe can't rob | siztonayalmaysızyou all can't rob | alatonayalmaydılathey can't rob |
| Ability — present | mentonayalamamı? tonayalamıma?can I rob? | sentonayalamısa?can you rob? | oltonayalamıdı?can he rob? | biztonayalabızmı? tonayalamıbız?can we rob? | siztonayalamısız?can you all rob? | alatonayalamıdıla?can they rob? |
| Ability — present | mentonayalmaymamı? tonayalmaymıma?can't I rob? | sentonayalmaymısa?can't you rob? | oltonayalmaymıdı?can't he rob? | biztonayalmaybızmı? tonayalmaymıbız?can't we rob? | siztonayalmaymısız?can't you all rob? | alatonayalmaymıdıla?can't they rob? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentonayalsamif I can rob | sentonayalsaŋif you can rob | oltonayalsaif he can rob | biztonayalsaqif we can rob | siztonayalsağızif you all can rob | alatonayalsalaif they can rob |
| Ability — if I can… | mentonayalmasamif I can't rob | sentonayalmasaŋif you can't rob | oltonayalmasaif he can't rob | biztonayalmasaqif we can't rob | siztonayalmasağızif you all can't rob | alatonayalmasalaif they can't rob |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentonayaldımI was able to rob | sentonayaldıŋyou were able to rob | oltonayaldıhe was able to rob | biztonayaldıqwe were able to rob | siztonayaldığızyou all were able to rob | alatonayaldılathey were able to rob |
| Ability — simple past | mentonayalmadımI could not rob | sentonayalmadıŋyou could not rob | oltonayalmadıhe could not rob | biztonayalmadıqwe could not rob | siztonayalmadığızyou all could not rob | alatonayalmadılathey could not rob |
| Ability — simple past | mentonayaldımmı?was I able to rob? | sentonayaldıŋmı?were you able to rob? | oltonayaldımı?was he able to rob? | biztonayaldıqmı?were we able to rob? | siztonayaldığızmı?were you all able to rob? | alatonayaldılamı?were they able to rob? |
| Ability — simple past | mentonayalmadımmı?couldn't I rob? | sentonayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you rob? | oltonayalmadımı?couldn't he rob? | biztonayalmadıqmı?couldn't we rob? | siztonayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all rob? | alatonayalmadılamı?couldn't they rob? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonayalğanmaI have been able to rob | sentonayalğansayou have been able to rob | oltonayalğandıhe has been able to rob | biztonayalğanbızwe have been able to rob | siztonayalğansızyou all have been able to rob | alatonayalğandılathey have been able to rob |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonayalmağanmaI haven't been able to rob | sentonayalmağansayou haven't been able to rob | oltonayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to rob | biztonayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to rob | siztonayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to rob | alatonayalmağandılathey haven't been able to rob |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonayalğanmamı? tonayalğanmıma?have I been able to rob? | sentonayalğanmısa?have you been able to rob? | oltonayalğanmıdı?has he been able to rob? | biztonayalğanbızmı? tonayalğanmıbız?have we been able to rob? | siztonayalğanmısız?have you all been able to rob? | alatonayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to rob? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonayalmağanmamı? tonayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to rob? | sentonayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to rob? | oltonayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to rob? | biztonayalmağanbızmı? tonayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to rob? | siztonayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to rob? | alatonayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to rob? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentonayalğan edimtonayalğanemI had been able to rob | sentonayalğan ediŋtonayalğaneŋyou had been able to rob | oltonayalğan editonayalğanedhe had been able to rob | biztonayalğan ediktonayalğanekwe had been able to rob | siztonayalğan edigiztonayalğanegizyou all had been able to rob | alatonayalğan ediletonayalğanellethey had been able to rob |
| Ability — past perfect | mentonayalmağan edimtonayalmağanemI hadn't been able to rob | sentonayalmağan ediŋtonayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to rob | oltonayalmağan editonayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to rob | biztonayalmağan ediktonayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to rob | siztonayalmağan edigiztonayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to rob | alatonayalmağan ediletonayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to rob |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentonayala edimtonayalaemI could rob | sentonayala ediŋtonayalaeŋyou could rob | oltonayala editonayalaedhe could rob | biztonayala ediktonayalaekwe could rob | siztonayala edigiztonayalaegizyou all could rob | alatonayala ediletonayalaellethey could rob |
| Ability — past background | mentonayalmay edimtonayalmayemI could not rob | sentonayalmay ediŋtonayalmayeŋyou could not rob | oltonayalmay editonayalmayedhe could not rob | biztonayalmay ediktonayalmayekwe could not rob | siztonayalmay edigiztonayalmayegizyou all could not rob | alatonayalmay ediletonayalmayellethey could not rob |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentonayalırmaI will be able to rob | sentonayalırsayou will be able to rob | oltonayalırhe will be able to rob | biztonayalırbızwe will be able to rob | siztonayalırsızyou all will be able to rob | alatonayalırlathey will be able to rob |
| Ability — future I | mentonayalmazmaI won't be able to rob | sentonayalmazsayou won't be able to rob | oltonayalmazhe won't be able to rob | biztonayalmazbızwe won't be able to rob | siztonayalmazsızyou all won't be able to rob | alatonayalmazlathey won't be able to rob |
| Ability — future I | mentonayalırmamı? tonayalırmıma?will I be able to rob? | sentonayalırmısa?will you be able to rob? | oltonayalırmı?will he be able to rob? | biztonayalırbızmı? tonayalırmıbız?will we be able to rob? | siztonayalırmısız?will you all be able to rob? | alatonayalırlamı? tonayalırmıla?will they be able to rob? |
| Ability — future I | mentonayalmazmamı? tonayalmazmıma?won't I be able to rob? | sentonayalmazmısa?won't you be able to rob? | oltonayalmazmı?won't he be able to rob? | biztonayalmazbızmı? tonayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to rob? | siztonayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to rob? | alatonayalmazlamı? tonayalmazmıla?won't they be able to rob? |
| Ability — future II | mentonayallıqmaI am going to be able to rob | sentonayallıqsayou are going to be able to rob | oltonayallıqdıhe is going to be able to rob | biztonayallıqbızwe are going to be able to rob | siztonayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to rob | alatonayallıqdılathey are going to be able to rob |
| Ability — future II | mentonayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to rob | sentonayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to rob | oltonayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to rob | biztonayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to rob | siztonayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to rob | alatonayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to rob |
| Ability — future II | mentonayallıqmamı? tonayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to rob? | sentonayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to rob? | oltonayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to rob? | biztonayallıqbızmı? tonayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to rob? | siztonayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to rob? | alatonayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to rob? |
| Ability — future II | mentonayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to rob? | sentonayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to rob? | oltonayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to rob? | biztonayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to rob? | siztonayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to rob? | alatonayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to rob? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentonayalır edimtonayalır emI would be able to rob | sentonayalır ediŋtonayalır eŋyou would be able to rob | oltonayalır editonayalır edhe would be able to rob | biztonayalır ediktonayalır ekwe would be able to rob | siztonayalır edigiztonayalır egizyou all would be able to rob | alatonayalır ediletonayalır ellethey would be able to rob |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentonayalmaz edimtonayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to rob | sentonayalmaz ediŋtonayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to rob | oltonayalmaz editonayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to rob | biztonayalmaz ediktonayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to rob | siztonayalmaz edigiztonayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to rob | alatonayalmaz ediletonayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to rob |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentonayalğıntonayalğımay you be able to rob | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentonayalmağıntonayalmağımay you not be able to rob | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentonarğa izleymeI want to rob | sentonarğa izleyseyou want to rob | oltonarğa izleydihe wants to rob | biztonarğa izleybizwe want to rob | siztonarğa izleysizyou all want to rob | alatonarğa izleydilethey want to rob |
| want to | mentonarğa izlemeymeI do not want to rob | sentonarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to rob | oltonarğa izlemeydihe does not want to rob | biztonarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to rob | siztonarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to rob | alatonarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to rob |
| would like to | mentonarğa süemeI would like to rob | sentonarğa süeseyou would like to rob | oltonarğa süedihe would like to rob | biztonarğa süebizwe would like to rob | siztonarğa süesizyou all would like to rob | alatonarğa süedilethey would like to rob |
| would like to | mentonarğa süymeymeI would not like to rob | sentonarğa süymeyseyou would not like to rob | oltonarğa süymeydihe would not like to rob | biztonarğa süymeybizwe would not like to rob | siztonarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to rob | alatonarğa süymeydilethey would not like to rob |
| hope to | mentonarğa umutlanamaI hope to rob | sentonarğa umutlanasayou hope to rob | oltonarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to rob | biztonarğa umutlanabızwe hope to rob | siztonarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to rob | alatonarğa umutlanadılathey hope to rob |
| hope to | mentonarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to rob | sentonarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to rob | oltonarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to rob | biztonarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to rob | siztonarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to rob | alatonarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to rob |
| be about to | mentonarğa deb turamaI am about to rob | sentonarğa deb turasayou are about to rob | oltonarğa deb turadıhe is about to rob | biztonarğa deb turabızwe are about to rob | siztonarğa deb turasızyou all are about to rob | alatonarğa deb turadılathey are about to rob |
| be about to | mentonarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to rob | sentonarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to rob | oltonarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to rob | biztonarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to rob | siztonarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to rob | alatonarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to rob |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentonarğa kerekmeI need to rob | sentonarğa kerekseyou need to rob | oltonarğa kerekdihe needs to rob | biztonarğa kerekbizwe need to rob | siztonarğa kereksizyou all need to rob | alatonarğa kerekdilethey need to rob |
| need to | mentonarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to rob | sentonarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to rob | oltonarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to rob | biztonarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to rob | siztonarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to rob | alatonarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to rob |
| have to | menmenŋe tonarğa tüşediI have to rob | sensenŋe tonarğa tüşediyou have to rob | olaŋa tonarğa tüşedihe has to rob | bizbizge tonarğa tüşediwe have to rob | sizsizge tonarğa tüşediyou all have to rob | alaalağa tonarğa tüşedithey have to rob |
| have to | menmenŋe tonarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to rob | sensenŋe tonarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to rob | olaŋa tonarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to rob | bizbizge tonarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to rob | sizsizge tonarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to rob | alaalağa tonarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to rob |
| be obliged to | mentonarğa borçlumaI am obliged to rob | sentonarğa borçlusayou are obliged to rob | oltonarğa borçluduhe is obliged to rob | biztonarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to rob | siztonarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to rob | alatonarğa borçludulathey are obliged to rob |
| be obliged to | mentonarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to rob | sentonarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to rob | oltonarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to rob | biztonarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to rob | siztonarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to rob | alatonarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to rob |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentonarğa madarım bardıI have a way to rob | sentonarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to rob | oltonarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to rob | biztonarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to rob | siztonarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to rob | alatonarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to rob |
| have a way to | mentonarğa madarım joqduI have no way to rob | sentonarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to rob | oltonarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to rob | biztonarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to rob | siztonarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to rob | alatonarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to rob |
| be free to | mentonarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to rob | sentonarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to rob | oltonarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to rob | biztonarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to rob | siztonarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to rob | alatonarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to rob |
| be free to | mentonarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to rob | sentonarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to rob | oltonarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to rob | biztonarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to rob | siztonarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to rob | alatonarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to rob |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to rob | sensenŋe tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to rob | olaŋa tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to rob | bizbizge tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to rob | sizsizge tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to rob | alaalağa tonarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to rob |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to rob | sensenŋe tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to rob | olaŋa tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to rob | bizbizge tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to rob | sizsizge tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to rob | alaalağa tonarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to rob |
| be ready to | mentonarğa hazırmaI am ready to rob | sentonarğa hazırsayou are ready to rob | oltonarğa hazırdıhe is ready to rob | biztonarğa hazırbızwe are ready to rob | siztonarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to rob | alatonarğa hazırdılathey are ready to rob |
| be ready to | mentonarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to rob | sentonarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to rob | oltonarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to rob | biztonarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to rob | siztonarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to rob | alatonarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to rob |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentonarğa küreşemeI am trying to rob | sentonarğa küreşeseyou are trying to rob | oltonarğa küreşedihe is trying to rob | biztonarğa küreşebizwe are trying to rob | siztonarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to rob | alatonarğa küreşedilethey are trying to rob |
| try to | mentonarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to rob | sentonarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to rob | oltonarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to rob | biztonarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to rob | siztonarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to rob | alatonarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to rob |
| agree to | mentonarğa unaymaI agree to rob | sentonarğa unaysayou agree to rob | oltonarğa unaydıhe agrees to rob | biztonarğa unaybızwe agree to rob | siztonarğa unaysızyou all agree to rob | alatonarğa unaydılathey agree to rob |
| agree to | mentonarğa unamaymaI refuse to rob | sentonarğa unamaysayou refuse to rob | oltonarğa unamaydıhe refuses to rob | biztonarğa unamaybızwe refuse to rob | siztonarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to rob | alatonarğa unamaydılathey refuse to rob |
| hurry to | mentonarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to rob | sentonarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to rob | oltonarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to rob | biztonarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to rob | siztonarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to rob | alatonarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to rob |
| hurry to | mentonarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to rob | sentonarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to rob | oltonarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to rob | biztonarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to rob | siztonarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to rob | alatonarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to rob |
| be afraid to | mentonarğa qorqamaI am afraid to rob | sentonarğa qorqasayou are afraid to rob | oltonarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to rob | biztonarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to rob | siztonarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to rob | alatonarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to rob |
| be afraid to | mentonarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to rob | sentonarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to rob | oltonarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to rob | biztonarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to rob | siztonarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to rob | alatonarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to rob |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentonay bolmazmaI can't be robbing | sentonay bolmazsayou can't be robbing | oltonay bolmazhe can't be robbing | biztonay bolmazbızwe can't be robbing | siztonay bolmazsızyou all can't be robbing | alatonay bolmazlathey can't be robbing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentonamay bolmazmaI must be robbing (emphatic) | sentonamay bolmazsayou must be robbing (emphatic) | oltonamay bolmazhe must be robbing (emphatic) | biztonamay bolmazbızwe must be robbing (emphatic) | siztonamay bolmazsızyou all must be robbing (emphatic) | alatonamay bolmazlathey must be robbing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentonay turmasamif I don't keep robbing | sentonay turmasaŋif you don't keep robbing | oltonay turmasaif he doesn't keep robbing | biztonay turmasaqif we don't keep robbing | siztonay turmasağızif you all don't keep robbing | alatonay turmasalaif they don't keep robbing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentonay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of robbing | sentonay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of robbing | oltonay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of robbing | biztonay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of robbing | siztonay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of robbing | alatonay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of robbing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentonamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not robbing (emphatic) | sentonamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not robbing (emphatic) | oltonamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not robbing (emphatic) | biztonamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not robbing (emphatic) | siztonamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not robbing (emphatic) | alatonamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not robbing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentonamay turamaI keep on not robbing | sentonamay turasayou keep on not robbing | oltonamay turadıhe keeps on not robbing | biztonamay turabızwe keep on not robbing | siztonamay turasızyou all keep on not robbing | alatonamay turadılathey keep on not robbing |
| Progressive — double negation | mentonamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not robbing | sentonamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not robbing | oltonamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not robbing | biztonamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not robbing | siztonamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not robbing | alatonamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not robbing |
| Progressive — double negation | mentonamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not robbing? | sentonamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not robbing? | oltonamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not robbing? | biztonamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not robbing? | siztonamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not robbing? | alatonamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not robbing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentonağan bolmazmaI can't have robbed | sentonağan bolmazsayou can't have robbed | oltonağan bolmazhe can't have robbed | biztonağan bolmazbızwe can't have robbed | siztonağan bolmazsızyou all can't have robbed | alatonağan bolmazlathey can't have robbed |
| Inference — double negation | mentonamağan bolmazmaI must have robbed (emphatic) | sentonamağan bolmazsayou must have robbed (emphatic) | oltonamağan bolmazhe must have robbed (emphatic) | biztonamağan bolmazbızwe must have robbed (emphatic) | siztonamağan bolmazsızyou all must have robbed (emphatic) | alatonamağan bolmazlathey must have robbed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentonağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had robbed | sentonağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had robbed | oltonağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had robbed | biztonağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had robbed | siztonağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had robbed | alatonağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had robbed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentonamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't robbed | sentonamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't robbed | oltonamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't robbed | biztonamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't robbed | siztonamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't robbed | alatonamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't robbed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentonarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to rob | sentonarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to rob | oltonarıq bolmazhe can't be going to rob | biztonarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to rob | siztonarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to rob | alatonarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to rob |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentonamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to rob (emphatic) | sentonamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to rob (emphatic) | oltonamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to rob (emphatic) | biztonamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to rob (emphatic) | siztonamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to rob (emphatic) | alatonamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to rob (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentonarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to rob | sentonarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to rob | oltonarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to rob | biztonarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to rob | siztonarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to rob | alatonarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to rob |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentonamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to rob | sentonamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to rob | oltonamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to rob | biztonamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to rob | siztonamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to rob | alatonamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to rob |