tonowlarğa
/tonowlarʁa/
plunder, rob, loot
- jaw elni tonowladı — the enemy plundered the village
- jawla üyleni tonowlağandıla — the enemies have looted the houses
- tonowlab jıyğan hapçükleri — the things he gathered by plundering
Conjugation
Common forms
- tonowlaydıhe is plundering
- tonowladıhe plundered
- tonowlağandıhe has plundered
- tonowlarhe will plunder
- tonowlarıqdıhe is going to plunder
- tonowlay edihe was plundering
- tonowlasaif he plunders
- tonowla!plunder!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonowlaymaI am plundering | sentonowlaysayou are plundering | oltonowlaydıhe is plundering | biztonowlaybızwe are plundering | siztonowlaysızyou all are plundering | alatonowlaydılathey are plundering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonowlamaymaI am not plundering | sentonowlamaysayou are not plundering | oltonowlamaydıhe is not plundering | biztonowlamaybızwe are not plundering | siztonowlamaysızyou all are not plundering | alatonowlamaydılathey are not plundering |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonowlaymamı? tonowlaymıma?am I plundering? | sentonowlaymısa?are you plundering? | oltonowlaymıdı?is he plundering? | biztonowlaybızmı? tonowlaymıbız?are we plundering? | siztonowlaymısız?are you all plundering? | alatonowlaymıdıla?are they plundering? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentonowlamaymamı? tonowlamaymıma?aren't I plundering? | sentonowlamaymısa?aren't you plundering? | oltonowlamaymıdı?isn't he plundering? | biztonowlamaybızmı? tonowlamaymıbız?aren't we plundering? | siztonowlamaymısız?aren't you all plundering? | alatonowlamaymıdıla?aren't they plundering? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonowlawçanmaI usually plunder | sentonowlawçansayou usually plunder | oltonowlawçandıhe usually plunders | biztonowlawçanbızwe usually plunder | siztonowlawçansızyou all usually plunder | alatonowlawçandılathey usually plunder |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonowlamawçanmaI usually don't plunder | sentonowlamawçansayou usually don't plunder | oltonowlamawçandıhe usually doesn't plunder | biztonowlamawçanbızwe usually don't plunder | siztonowlamawçansızyou all usually don't plunder | alatonowlamawçandılathey usually don't plunder |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonowlawçanmamı? tonowlawçanmıma?do I usually plunder? | sentonowlawçanmısa?do you usually plunder? | oltonowlawçanmıdı?does he usually plunder? | biztonowlawçanbızmı? tonowlawçanmıbız?do we usually plunder? | siztonowlawçanmısız?do you all usually plunder? | alatonowlawçanmıdıla?do they usually plunder? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentonowlamawçanmamı? tonowlamawçanmıma?do I usually not plunder? | sentonowlamawçanmısa?do you usually not plunder? | oltonowlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not plunder? | biztonowlamawçanbızmı? tonowlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not plunder? | siztonowlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not plunder? | alatonowlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not plunder? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltonowlabdıhe has plundered and remains so | alatonowlabdılathey have plundered and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltonowlabmıdı?has he plundered? | alatonowlabmıdıla?have they plundered? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonowlab turamaI keep plundering | sentonowlab turasayou keep plundering | oltonowlab turadıhe keeps plundering | biztonowlab turabızwe keep plundering | siztonowlab turasızyou all keep plundering | alatonowlab turadılathey keep plundering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonowlab turmaymaI don't keep plundering | sentonowlab turmaysayou don't keep plundering | oltonowlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep plundering | biztonowlab turmaybızwe don't keep plundering | siztonowlab turmaysızyou all don't keep plundering | alatonowlab turmaydılathey don't keep plundering |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonowlab turamamı? tonowlab turamıma?do I keep plundering? | sentonowlab turamısa?do you keep plundering? | oltonowlab turamıdı?does he keep plundering? | biztonowlab turabızmı? tonowlab turamıbız?do we keep plundering? | siztonowlab turamısız?do you all keep plundering? | alatonowlab turamıdıla?do they keep plundering? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentonowlab turmaymamı? tonowlab turmaymıma?don't I keep plundering? | sentonowlab turmaymısa?don't you keep plundering? | oltonowlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep plundering? | biztonowlab turmaybızmı? tonowlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep plundering? | siztonowlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep plundering? | alatonowlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep plundering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonowlay turamaI am in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay turasayou are in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay turadıhe is in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay turabızwe are in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay turasızyou all are in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay turadılathey are in the middle of plundering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonowlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of plundering |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonowlay turamamı? tonowlay turamıma?am I in the middle of plundering? | sentonowlay turamısa?are you in the middle of plundering? | oltonowlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of plundering? | biztonowlay turabızmı? tonowlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of plundering? | siztonowlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of plundering? | alatonowlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of plundering? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentonowlay turmaymamı? tonowlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of plundering? | sentonowlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of plundering? | oltonowlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of plundering? | biztonowlay turmaybızmı? tonowlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of plundering? | siztonowlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of plundering? | alatonowlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of plundering? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonowladımI plundered | sentonowladıŋyou plundered | oltonowladıhe plundered | biztonowladıqwe plundered | siztonowladığızyou all plundered | alatonowladılathey plundered |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonowlamadımI didn't plunder | sentonowlamadıŋyou didn't plunder | oltonowlamadıhe didn't plunder | biztonowlamadıqwe didn't plunder | siztonowlamadığızyou all didn't plunder | alatonowlamadılathey didn't plunder |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonowladımmı?did I plunder? | sentonowladıŋmı?did you plunder? | oltonowladımı?did he plunder? | biztonowladıqmı?did we plunder? | siztonowladığızmı?did you all plunder? | alatonowladılamı?did they plunder? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentonowlamadımmı?didn't I plunder? | sentonowlamadıŋmı?didn't you plunder? | oltonowlamadımı?didn't he plunder? | biztonowlamadıqmı?didn't we plunder? | siztonowlamadığızmı?didn't you all plunder? | alatonowlamadılamı?didn't they plunder? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonowlağanmaI have plundered | sentonowlağansayou have plundered | oltonowlağandıhe has plundered | biztonowlağanbızwe have plundered | siztonowlağansızyou all have plundered | alatonowlağandılathey have plundered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonowlamağanmaI haven't plundered | sentonowlamağansayou haven't plundered | oltonowlamağandıhe hasn't plundered | biztonowlamağanbızwe haven't plundered | siztonowlamağansızyou all haven't plundered | alatonowlamağandılathey haven't plundered |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonowlağanmamı? tonowlağanmıma?have I plundered? | sentonowlağanmısa?have you plundered? | oltonowlağanmıdı?has he plundered? | biztonowlağanbızmı? tonowlağanmıbız?have we plundered? | siztonowlağanmısız?have you all plundered? | alatonowlağanmıdıla?have they plundered? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentonowlamağanmamı? tonowlamağanmıma?haven't I plundered? | sentonowlamağanmısa?haven't you plundered? | oltonowlamağanmıdı?hasn't he plundered? | biztonowlamağanbızmı? tonowlamağanmıbız?haven't we plundered? | siztonowlamağanmısız?haven't you all plundered? | alatonowlamağanmıdıla?haven't they plundered? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentonowlab turdumI kept plundering | sentonowlab turduŋyou kept plundering | oltonowlab turduhe kept plundering | biztonowlab turduqwe kept plundering | siztonowlab turduğuzyou all kept plundering | alatonowlab turdulathey kept plundering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentonowlab turmadımI didn't keep plundering | sentonowlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep plundering | oltonowlab turmadıhe didn't keep plundering | biztonowlab turmadıqwe didn't keep plundering | siztonowlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep plundering | alatonowlab turmadılathey didn't keep plundering |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonowlarmaI will plunder | sentonowlarsayou will plunder | oltonowlarhe will plunder | biztonowlarbızwe will plunder | siztonowlarsızyou all will plunder | alatonowlarlathey will plunder |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonowlamazmaI won't plunder | sentonowlamazsayou won't plunder | oltonowlamazhe won't plunder | biztonowlamazbızwe won't plunder | siztonowlamazsızyou all won't plunder | alatonowlamazlathey won't plunder |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonowlarmamı? tonowlarmıma?will I plunder? | sentonowlarmısa?will you plunder? | oltonowlarmı?will he plunder? | biztonowlarbızmı? tonowlarmıbız?will we plunder? | siztonowlarmısız?will you all plunder? | alatonowlarlamı? tonowlarmıla?will they plunder? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentonowlamazmamı? tonowlamazmıma?won't I plunder? | sentonowlamazmısa?won't you plunder? | oltonowlamazmı?won't he plunder? | biztonowlamazbızmı? tonowlamazmıbız?won't we plunder? | siztonowlamazmısız?won't you all plunder? | alatonowlamazlamı? tonowlamazmıla?won't they plunder? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonowlarıqmaI am going to plunder | sentonowlarıqsayou are going to plunder | oltonowlarıqdıhe is going to plunder | biztonowlarıqbızwe are going to plunder | siztonowlarıqsızyou all are going to plunder | alatonowlarıqdılathey are going to plunder |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonowlarıq tülmeI am not going to plunder | sentonowlarıq tülseyou are not going to plunder | oltonowlarıq tüldühe is not going to plunder | biztonowlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to plunder | siztonowlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to plunder | alatonowlarıq tüldülethey are not going to plunder |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonowlarıqmamı? tonowlarıqmıma?am I going to plunder? | sentonowlarıqmısa?are you going to plunder? | oltonowlarıqmıdı?is he going to plunder? | biztonowlarıqbızmı? tonowlarıqmıbız?are we going to plunder? | siztonowlarıqmısız?are you all going to plunder? | alatonowlarıqmıdıla?are they going to plunder? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentonowlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to plunder? | sentonowlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to plunder? | oltonowlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to plunder? | biztonowlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to plunder? | siztonowlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to plunder? | alatonowlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to plunder? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentonowlağan edimtonowlağanemI had plundered | sentonowlağan ediŋtonowlağaneŋyou had plundered | oltonowlağan editonowlağanedhe had plundered | biztonowlağan ediktonowlağanekwe had plundered | siztonowlağan edigiztonowlağanegizyou all had plundered | alatonowlağan ediletonowlağanellethey had plundered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentonowlamağan edimtonowlamağanemI hadn't plundered | sentonowlamağan ediŋtonowlamağaneŋyou hadn't plundered | oltonowlamağan editonowlamağanedhe hadn't plundered | biztonowlamağan ediktonowlamağanekwe hadn't plundered | siztonowlamağan edigiztonowlamağanegizyou all hadn't plundered | alatonowlamağan ediletonowlamağanellethey hadn't plundered |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentonowlay edimtonowlayemI was plundering | sentonowlay ediŋtonowlayeŋyou were plundering | oltonowlay editonowlayedhe was plundering | biztonowlay ediktonowlayekwe were plundering | siztonowlay edigiztonowlayegizyou all were plundering | alatonowlay ediletonowlayellethey were plundering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentonowlamay edimtonowlamayemI wasn't plundering | sentonowlamay ediŋtonowlamayeŋyou weren't plundering | oltonowlamay editonowlamayedhe wasn't plundering | biztonowlamay ediktonowlamayekwe weren't plundering | siztonowlamay edigiztonowlamayegizyou all weren't plundering | alatonowlamay ediletonowlamayellethey weren't plundering |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentonowlawçan edimtonowlawçanemI used to plunder | sentonowlawçan ediŋtonowlawçaneŋyou used to plunder | oltonowlawçan editonowlawçanedhe used to plunder | biztonowlawçan ediktonowlawçanekwe used to plunder | siztonowlawçan edigiztonowlawçanegizyou all used to plunder | alatonowlawçan ediletonowlawçanellethey used to plunder |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentonowlamawçan edimtonowlamawçanemI didn't use to plunder | sentonowlamawçan ediŋtonowlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to plunder | oltonowlamawçan editonowlamawçanedhe didn't use to plunder | biztonowlamawçan ediktonowlamawçanekwe didn't use to plunder | siztonowlamawçan edigiztonowlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to plunder | alatonowlamawçan ediletonowlamawçanellethey didn't use to plunder |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltonowlab edihe had plundered and remained so | alatonowlab edilethey had plundered and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltonowlab tül edihe hadn't plundered | alatonowlab tül edilethey hadn't plundered | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentonowlab tura edimtonowlab turaemI had kept plundering | sentonowlab tura ediŋtonowlab turaeŋyou had kept plundering | oltonowlab tura editonowlab turaedhe had kept plundering | biztonowlab tura ediktonowlab turaekwe had kept plundering | siztonowlab tura edigiztonowlab turaegizyou all had kept plundering | alatonowlab tura ediletonowlab turaellethey had kept plundering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentonowlab turmay edimtonowlab turmayemI hadn't kept plundering | sentonowlab turmay ediŋtonowlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept plundering | oltonowlab turmay editonowlab turmayedhe hadn't kept plundering | biztonowlab turmay ediktonowlab turmayekwe hadn't kept plundering | siztonowlab turmay edigiztonowlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept plundering | alatonowlab turmay ediletonowlab turmayellethey hadn't kept plundering |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentonowlay tura edimtonowlay turaemI was in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay tura ediŋtonowlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay tura editonowlay turaedhe was in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay tura ediktonowlay turaekwe were in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay tura edigiztonowlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay tura ediletonowlay turaellethey were in the middle of plundering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentonowlay turmay edimtonowlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay turmay ediŋtonowlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay turmay editonowlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay turmay ediktonowlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay turmay edigiztonowlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay turmay ediletonowlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of plundering |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentonowlar edimtonowlar emI would plunder | sentonowlar ediŋtonowlar eŋyou would plunder | oltonowlar editonowlar edhe would plunder | biztonowlar ediktonowlar ekwe would plunder | siztonowlar edigiztonowlar egizyou all would plunder | alatonowlar ediletonowlar ellethey would plunder |
| Conditional result (would) | mentonowlamaz edimtonowlamaz emI wouldn't plunder | sentonowlamaz ediŋtonowlamaz eŋyou wouldn't plunder | oltonowlamaz editonowlamaz edhe wouldn't plunder | biztonowlamaz ediktonowlamaz ekwe wouldn't plunder | siztonowlamaz edigiztonowlamaz egizyou all wouldn't plunder | alatonowlamaz ediletonowlamaz ellethey wouldn't plunder |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentonowlarıq edimtonowlarıq emI would have plundered | sentonowlarıq ediŋtonowlarıq eŋyou would have plundered | oltonowlarıq editonowlarıq edhe would have plundered | biztonowlarıq ediktonowlarıq ekwe would have plundered | siztonowlarıq edigiztonowlarıq egizyou all would have plundered | alatonowlarıq ediletonowlarıq ellethey would have plundered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentonowlarıq tül edimtonowlarıq tül emI wouldn't have plundered | sentonowlarıq tül ediŋtonowlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have plundered | oltonowlarıq tül editonowlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have plundered | biztonowlarıq tül ediktonowlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have plundered | siztonowlarıq tül edigiztonowlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have plundered | alatonowlarıq tül ediletonowlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have plundered |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentonowlasamif I plunder | sentonowlasaŋif you plunder | oltonowlasaif he plunders | biztonowlasaqif we plunder | siztonowlasağızif you all plunder | alatonowlasalaif they plunder |
| Conditional | mentonowlamasamif I don't plunder | sentonowlamasaŋif you don't plunder | oltonowlamasaif he doesn't plunder | biztonowlamasaqif we don't plunder | siztonowlamasağızif you all don't plunder | alatonowlamasalaif they don't plunder |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentonowlay esemif I am plundering | sentonowlay eseŋif you are plundering | oltonowlay eseif he is plundering | biztonowlay esekif we are plundering | siztonowlay esegizif you all are plundering | alatonowlay eseleif they are plundering |
| Conditional, present real | mentonowlamay esemif I am not plundering | sentonowlamay eseŋif you are not plundering | oltonowlamay eseif he is not plundering | biztonowlamay esekif we are not plundering | siztonowlamay esegizif you all are not plundering | alatonowlamay eseleif they are not plundering |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentonowlasam editonowlasam edif only I plundered | sentonowlasaŋ editonowlasaŋ edif only you plundered | oltonowlasa editonowlasaedif only he plundered | biztonowlasaq editonowlasaq edif only we plundered | siztonowlasağız editonowlasağız edif only you all plundered | alatonowlasala editonowlasalaedif only they plundered |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentonowlamasam editonowlamasam edif only I didn't plunder | sentonowlamasaŋ editonowlamasaŋ edif only you didn't plunder | oltonowlamasa editonowlamasaedif only he didn't plunder | biztonowlamasaq editonowlamasaq edif only we didn't plunder | siztonowlamasağız editonowlamasağız edif only you all didn't plunder | alatonowlamasala editonowlamasalaedif only they didn't plunder |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentonowlab tursamif I carry on plundering | sentonowlab tursaŋif you carry on plundering | oltonowlab tursaif he carries on plundering | biztonowlab tursaqif we carry on plundering | siztonowlab tursağızif you all carry on plundering | alatonowlab tursalaif they carry on plundering |
| Durative conditional | mentonowlab turmasamif I don't carry on plundering | sentonowlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on plundering | oltonowlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on plundering | biztonowlab turmasaqif we don't carry on plundering | siztonowlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on plundering | alatonowlab turmasalaif they don't carry on plundering |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentonowlab tura esemif I have kept plundering | sentonowlab tura eseŋif you have kept plundering | oltonowlab tura eseif he has kept plundering | biztonowlab tura esekif we have kept plundering | siztonowlab tura esegizif you all have kept plundering | alatonowlab tura eseleif they have kept plundering |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentonowlab turmay esemif I haven't kept plundering | sentonowlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept plundering | oltonowlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept plundering | biztonowlab turmay esekif we haven't kept plundering | siztonowlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept plundering | alatonowlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept plundering |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentonowlay tursamif I keep plundering | sentonowlay tursaŋif you keep plundering | oltonowlay tursaif he keeps plundering | biztonowlay tursaqif we keep plundering | siztonowlay tursağızif you all keep plundering | alatonowlay tursalaif they keep plundering |
| Progressive conditional | mentonowlamay tursamif I keep on not plundering | sentonowlamay tursaŋif you keep on not plundering | oltonowlamay tursaif he keeps on not plundering | biztonowlamay tursaqif we keep on not plundering | siztonowlamay tursağızif you all keep on not plundering | alatonowlamay tursalaif they keep on not plundering |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentonowlay tura esemif I am in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay tura eseif he is in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay tura esekif we are in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of plundering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentonowlamay tura esemif I keep on not plundering | sentonowlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not plundering | oltonowlamay tura eseif he keeps on not plundering | biztonowlamay tura esekif we keep on not plundering | siztonowlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not plundering | alatonowlamay tura eseleif they keep on not plundering |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentonowladım esemif I plundered | sentonowladıŋ eseŋif you plundered | oltonowladı eseif he plundered | biztonowladıq esekif we plundered | siztonowladığız esegizif you all plundered | alatonowladıla eseleif they plundered |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentonowlamadım esemif I didn't plunder | sentonowlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't plunder | oltonowlamadı eseif he didn't plunder | biztonowlamadıq esekif we didn't plunder | siztonowlamadığız esegizif you all didn't plunder | alatonowlamadıla eseleif they didn't plunder |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentonowlağan esemif I did plunder (indeed) | sentonowlağan eseŋif you did plunder (indeed) | oltonowlağan eseif he did plunder (indeed) | biztonowlağan esekif we did plunder (indeed) | siztonowlağan esegizif you all did plunder (indeed) | alatonowlağan eseleif they did plunder (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentonowlamağan esemif I didn't plunder (indeed) | sentonowlamağan eseŋif you didn't plunder (indeed) | oltonowlamağan eseif he didn't plunder (indeed) | biztonowlamağan esekif we didn't plunder (indeed) | siztonowlamağan esegizif you all didn't plunder (indeed) | alatonowlamağan eseleif they didn't plunder (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentonowlağan bolsamif I had plundered | sentonowlağan bolsaŋif you had plundered | oltonowlağan bolsaif he had plundered | biztonowlağan bolsaqif we had plundered | siztonowlağan bolsağızif you all had plundered | alatonowlağan bolsalaif they had plundered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentonowlamağan bolsamif I hadn't plundered | sentonowlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't plundered | oltonowlamağan bolsaif he hadn't plundered | biztonowlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't plundered | siztonowlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't plundered | alatonowlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't plundered |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentonowlağan bolsam editonowlağan bolsam edif only I had plundered | sentonowlağan bolsaŋ editonowlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had plundered | oltonowlağan bolsa editonowlağan bolsaedif only he had plundered | biztonowlağan bolsaq editonowlağan bolsaq edif only we had plundered | siztonowlağan bolsağız editonowlağan bolsağız edif only you all had plundered | alatonowlağan bolsala editonowlağan bolsalaedif only they had plundered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentonowlamağan bolsam editonowlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't plundered | sentonowlamağan bolsaŋ editonowlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't plundered | oltonowlamağan bolsa editonowlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't plundered | biztonowlamağan bolsaq editonowlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't plundered | siztonowlamağan bolsağız editonowlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't plundered | alatonowlamağan bolsala editonowlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't plundered |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentonowlar esemif I will plunder | sentonowlar eseŋif you will plunder | oltonowlar eseif he will plunder | biztonowlar esekif we will plunder | siztonowlar esegizif you all will plunder | alatonowlar eseleif they will plunder |
| Conditional, aorist | mentonowlamaz esemif I won't plunder | sentonowlamaz eseŋif you won't plunder | oltonowlamaz eseif he won't plunder | biztonowlamaz esekif we won't plunder | siztonowlamaz esegizif you all won't plunder | alatonowlamaz eseleif they won't plunder |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentonowlarıq esemif I am going to plunder | sentonowlarıq eseŋif you are going to plunder | oltonowlarıq eseif he is going to plunder | biztonowlarıq esekif we are going to plunder | siztonowlarıq esegizif you all are going to plunder | alatonowlarıq eseleif they are going to plunder |
| Conditional, future | mentonowlarıq tül esemif I am not going to plunder | sentonowlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to plunder | oltonowlarıq tül eseif he is not going to plunder | biztonowlarıq tül esekif we are not going to plunder | siztonowlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to plunder | alatonowlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to plunder |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentonowlarıq bolsamif I were going to plunder | sentonowlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to plunder | oltonowlarıq bolsaif he were going to plunder | biztonowlarıq bolsaqif we were going to plunder | siztonowlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to plunder | alatonowlarıq bolsalaif they were going to plunder |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentonowlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to plunder | sentonowlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to plunder | oltonowlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to plunder | biztonowlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to plunder | siztonowlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to plunder | alatonowlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to plunder |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tonowladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentonowlay bolurmaI must be plundering | sentonowlay bolursayou must be plundering | oltonowlay bolurhe must be plundering | biztonowlay bolurbuzwe must be plundering | siztonowlay bolursuzyou all must be plundering | alatonowlay bolurlathey must be plundering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentonowlamay bolurmaI must not be plundering | sentonowlamay bolursayou must not be plundering | oltonowlamay bolurhe must not be plundering | biztonowlamay bolurbuzwe must not be plundering | siztonowlamay bolursuzyou all must not be plundering | alatonowlamay bolurlathey must not be plundering |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentonowlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of plundering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentonowlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not plundering | sentonowlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not plundering | oltonowlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not plundering | biztonowlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not plundering | siztonowlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not plundering | alatonowlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not plundering |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentonowlağan bolurmaI must have plundered | sentonowlağan bolursayou must have plundered | oltonowlağan bolurhe must have plundered | biztonowlağan bolurbuzwe must have plundered | siztonowlağan bolursuzyou all must have plundered | alatonowlağan bolurlathey must have plundered |
| Inference (must have) | mentonowlamağan bolurmaI must not have plundered | sentonowlamağan bolursayou must not have plundered | oltonowlamağan bolurhe must not have plundered | biztonowlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have plundered | siztonowlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have plundered | alatonowlamağan bolurlathey must not have plundered |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentonowlarıq bolurmaI must be going to plunder | sentonowlarıq bolursayou must be going to plunder | oltonowlarıq bolurhe must be going to plunder | biztonowlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to plunder | siztonowlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to plunder | alatonowlarıq bolurlathey must be going to plunder |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentonowlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to plunder | sentonowlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to plunder | oltonowlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to plunder | biztonowlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to plunder | siztonowlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to plunder | alatonowlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to plunder |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentonowlayımlet me plunder | sentonowla!plunder! | oltonowlasınlet him plunder | biztonowlayıqlet's plunder | siztonowlağız!plunder, you all! | alatonowlasınlalet them plunder |
| Commands & suggestions | mentonowlamayımlet me not plunder | sentonowlama!don't plunder! | oltonowlamasınlet him not plunder | biztonowlamayıqlet's not plunder | siztonowlamağız!don't plunder, you all! | alatonowlamasınlalet them not plunder |
| Commands & suggestions | mentonowlayımmı?shall I plunder? | oltonowlasınmı?should he plunder? | biztonowlayıqmı?shall we plunder? | alatonowlasınlamı?should they plunder? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentonowlamayımmı?shall I not plunder? | oltonowlamasınmı?should he not plunder? | biztonowlamayıqmı?shall we not plunder? | alatonowlamasınlamı?should they not plunder? | ||
| Requests | sentonowlaçı2tonowlaçınplease plunder | oltonowlasınçıdo let him plunder | siztonowlaçığızplease plunder (plural/polite) | alatonowlasınlaçıdo let them plunder | ||
| Requests | sentonowlamaçı2tonowlamaçınplease don't plunder | oltonowlamasınçıdo let him not plunder | siztonowlamaçığızplease don't plunder (plural/polite) | alatonowlamasınlaçıdo let them not plunder | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentonowlağıntonowlağımay you plunder | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentonowlamağıntonowlamağımay you not plunder | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentonowlağay edim tonowlağa edimwould that I plundered | sentonowlağay ediŋ tonowlağa ediŋwould that you plundered | oltonowlağay edi tonowlağa ediwould that he plundered | biztonowlağay edik tonowlağa edikwould that we plundered | siztonowlağay edigiz tonowlağa edigizwould that you all plundered | alatonowlağay edile tonowlağa edilewould that they plundered |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentonowlamağay edim tonowlamağa edimwould that I did not plunder | sentonowlamağay ediŋ tonowlamağa ediŋwould that you did not plunder | oltonowlamağay edi tonowlamağa ediwould that he did not plunder | biztonowlamağay edik tonowlamağa edikwould that we did not plunder | siztonowlamağay edigiz tonowlamağa edigizwould that you all did not plunder | alatonowlamağay edile tonowlamağa edilewould that they did not plunder |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonowlamağa qoyayımtonowlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoy!tonowlama qoy!let someone plunder! | oltonowlamağa qoysuntonowlama qoysunlet him allow someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoyayıqtonowlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoyuğuz!tonowlama qoyuğuz!let someone plunder, you all! | alatonowlamağa qoysunlatonowlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonowlamağa qoymayımtonowlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoyma!tonowlama qoyma!don't let someone plunder! | oltonowlamağa qoymasıntonowlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoymayıqtonowlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoymağız!tonowlama qoymağız!don't let someone plunder, you all! | alatonowlamağa qoymasınlatonowlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonowlamağa qoyayımmı?tonowlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoysunmu?tonowlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoyayıqmı?tonowlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoysunlamı?tonowlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to plunder? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentonowlamağa qoymayımmı?tonowlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoymasınmı?tonowlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoymayıqmı?tonowlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoymasınlamı?tonowlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to plunder? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentonowlamağa qoyamatonowlama qoyamaI allow someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoyasatonowlama qoyasayou allow someone to plunder | oltonowlamağa qoyadıtonowlama qoyadıhe allows someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoyabıztonowlama qoyabızwe allow someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoyasıztonowlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to plunder | alatonowlamağa qoyadılatonowlama qoyadılathey allow someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonowlamağa qoymaymatonowlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoymaysatonowlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to plunder | oltonowlamağa qoymaydıtonowlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoymaybıztonowlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoymaysıztonowlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to plunder | alatonowlamağa qoymaydılatonowlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonowlamağa qoyamamı?tonowlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to plunder? | sentonowlamağa qoyamısa?tonowlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoyamıdı?tonowlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoyabızmı?tonowlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to plunder? | siztonowlamağa qoyamısız?tonowlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoyamıdıla?tonowlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to plunder? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentonowlamağa qoymaymamı?tonowlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to plunder? | sentonowlamağa qoymaymısa?tonowlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoymaymıdı?tonowlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoymaybızmı?tonowlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to plunder? | siztonowlamağa qoymaymısız?tonowlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoymaymıdıla?tonowlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to plunder? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonowlamağa qoydumtonowlama qoydumI allowed someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoyduŋtonowlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to plunder | oltonowlamağa qoydutonowlama qoyduhe allowed someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoyduqtonowlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoyduğuztonowlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to plunder | alatonowlamağa qoydulatonowlama qoydulathey allowed someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonowlamağa qoymadımtonowlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to plunder | sentonowlamağa qoymadıŋtonowlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to plunder | oltonowlamağa qoymadıtonowlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to plunder | biztonowlamağa qoymadıqtonowlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to plunder | siztonowlamağa qoymadığıztonowlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to plunder | alatonowlamağa qoymadılatonowlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to plunder |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonowlamağa qoydummu?tonowlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to plunder? | sentonowlamağa qoyduŋmu?tonowlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoydumu?tonowlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoyduqmu?tonowlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to plunder? | siztonowlamağa qoyduğuzmu?tonowlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoydulamı?tonowlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to plunder? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentonowlamağa qoymadımmı?tonowlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to plunder? | sentonowlamağa qoymadıŋmı?tonowlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to plunder? | oltonowlamağa qoymadımı?tonowlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to plunder? | biztonowlamağa qoymadıqmı?tonowlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to plunder? | siztonowlamağa qoymadığızmı?tonowlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to plunder? | alatonowlamağa qoymadılamı?tonowlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to plunder? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentonowlayalamaI can plunder | sentonowlayalasayou can plunder | oltonowlayaladıhe can plunder | biztonowlayalabızwe can plunder | siztonowlayalasızyou all can plunder | alatonowlayaladılathey can plunder |
| Ability — present | mentonowlayalmaymaI can't plunder | sentonowlayalmaysayou can't plunder | oltonowlayalmaydıhe can't plunder | biztonowlayalmaybızwe can't plunder | siztonowlayalmaysızyou all can't plunder | alatonowlayalmaydılathey can't plunder |
| Ability — present | mentonowlayalamamı? tonowlayalamıma?can I plunder? | sentonowlayalamısa?can you plunder? | oltonowlayalamıdı?can he plunder? | biztonowlayalabızmı? tonowlayalamıbız?can we plunder? | siztonowlayalamısız?can you all plunder? | alatonowlayalamıdıla?can they plunder? |
| Ability — present | mentonowlayalmaymamı? tonowlayalmaymıma?can't I plunder? | sentonowlayalmaymısa?can't you plunder? | oltonowlayalmaymıdı?can't he plunder? | biztonowlayalmaybızmı? tonowlayalmaymıbız?can't we plunder? | siztonowlayalmaymısız?can't you all plunder? | alatonowlayalmaymıdıla?can't they plunder? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentonowlayalsamif I can plunder | sentonowlayalsaŋif you can plunder | oltonowlayalsaif he can plunder | biztonowlayalsaqif we can plunder | siztonowlayalsağızif you all can plunder | alatonowlayalsalaif they can plunder |
| Ability — if I can… | mentonowlayalmasamif I can't plunder | sentonowlayalmasaŋif you can't plunder | oltonowlayalmasaif he can't plunder | biztonowlayalmasaqif we can't plunder | siztonowlayalmasağızif you all can't plunder | alatonowlayalmasalaif they can't plunder |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentonowlayaldımI was able to plunder | sentonowlayaldıŋyou were able to plunder | oltonowlayaldıhe was able to plunder | biztonowlayaldıqwe were able to plunder | siztonowlayaldığızyou all were able to plunder | alatonowlayaldılathey were able to plunder |
| Ability — simple past | mentonowlayalmadımI could not plunder | sentonowlayalmadıŋyou could not plunder | oltonowlayalmadıhe could not plunder | biztonowlayalmadıqwe could not plunder | siztonowlayalmadığızyou all could not plunder | alatonowlayalmadılathey could not plunder |
| Ability — simple past | mentonowlayaldımmı?was I able to plunder? | sentonowlayaldıŋmı?were you able to plunder? | oltonowlayaldımı?was he able to plunder? | biztonowlayaldıqmı?were we able to plunder? | siztonowlayaldığızmı?were you all able to plunder? | alatonowlayaldılamı?were they able to plunder? |
| Ability — simple past | mentonowlayalmadımmı?couldn't I plunder? | sentonowlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you plunder? | oltonowlayalmadımı?couldn't he plunder? | biztonowlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we plunder? | siztonowlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all plunder? | alatonowlayalmadılamı?couldn't they plunder? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonowlayalğanmaI have been able to plunder | sentonowlayalğansayou have been able to plunder | oltonowlayalğandıhe has been able to plunder | biztonowlayalğanbızwe have been able to plunder | siztonowlayalğansızyou all have been able to plunder | alatonowlayalğandılathey have been able to plunder |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonowlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to plunder | sentonowlayalmağansayou haven't been able to plunder | oltonowlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to plunder | biztonowlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to plunder | siztonowlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to plunder | alatonowlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to plunder |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonowlayalğanmamı? tonowlayalğanmıma?have I been able to plunder? | sentonowlayalğanmısa?have you been able to plunder? | oltonowlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to plunder? | biztonowlayalğanbızmı? tonowlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to plunder? | siztonowlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to plunder? | alatonowlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to plunder? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentonowlayalmağanmamı? tonowlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to plunder? | sentonowlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to plunder? | oltonowlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to plunder? | biztonowlayalmağanbızmı? tonowlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to plunder? | siztonowlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to plunder? | alatonowlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to plunder? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentonowlayalğan edimtonowlayalğanemI had been able to plunder | sentonowlayalğan ediŋtonowlayalğaneŋyou had been able to plunder | oltonowlayalğan editonowlayalğanedhe had been able to plunder | biztonowlayalğan ediktonowlayalğanekwe had been able to plunder | siztonowlayalğan edigiztonowlayalğanegizyou all had been able to plunder | alatonowlayalğan ediletonowlayalğanellethey had been able to plunder |
| Ability — past perfect | mentonowlayalmağan edimtonowlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to plunder | sentonowlayalmağan ediŋtonowlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to plunder | oltonowlayalmağan editonowlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to plunder | biztonowlayalmağan ediktonowlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to plunder | siztonowlayalmağan edigiztonowlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to plunder | alatonowlayalmağan ediletonowlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to plunder |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentonowlayala edimtonowlayalaemI could plunder | sentonowlayala ediŋtonowlayalaeŋyou could plunder | oltonowlayala editonowlayalaedhe could plunder | biztonowlayala ediktonowlayalaekwe could plunder | siztonowlayala edigiztonowlayalaegizyou all could plunder | alatonowlayala ediletonowlayalaellethey could plunder |
| Ability — past background | mentonowlayalmay edimtonowlayalmayemI could not plunder | sentonowlayalmay ediŋtonowlayalmayeŋyou could not plunder | oltonowlayalmay editonowlayalmayedhe could not plunder | biztonowlayalmay ediktonowlayalmayekwe could not plunder | siztonowlayalmay edigiztonowlayalmayegizyou all could not plunder | alatonowlayalmay ediletonowlayalmayellethey could not plunder |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentonowlayalırmaI will be able to plunder | sentonowlayalırsayou will be able to plunder | oltonowlayalırhe will be able to plunder | biztonowlayalırbızwe will be able to plunder | siztonowlayalırsızyou all will be able to plunder | alatonowlayalırlathey will be able to plunder |
| Ability — future I | mentonowlayalmazmaI won't be able to plunder | sentonowlayalmazsayou won't be able to plunder | oltonowlayalmazhe won't be able to plunder | biztonowlayalmazbızwe won't be able to plunder | siztonowlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to plunder | alatonowlayalmazlathey won't be able to plunder |
| Ability — future I | mentonowlayalırmamı? tonowlayalırmıma?will I be able to plunder? | sentonowlayalırmısa?will you be able to plunder? | oltonowlayalırmı?will he be able to plunder? | biztonowlayalırbızmı? tonowlayalırmıbız?will we be able to plunder? | siztonowlayalırmısız?will you all be able to plunder? | alatonowlayalırlamı? tonowlayalırmıla?will they be able to plunder? |
| Ability — future I | mentonowlayalmazmamı? tonowlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to plunder? | sentonowlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to plunder? | oltonowlayalmazmı?won't he be able to plunder? | biztonowlayalmazbızmı? tonowlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to plunder? | siztonowlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to plunder? | alatonowlayalmazlamı? tonowlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to plunder? |
| Ability — future II | mentonowlayallıqmaI am going to be able to plunder | sentonowlayallıqsayou are going to be able to plunder | oltonowlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to plunder | biztonowlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to plunder | siztonowlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to plunder | alatonowlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to plunder |
| Ability — future II | mentonowlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to plunder | sentonowlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to plunder | oltonowlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to plunder | biztonowlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to plunder | siztonowlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to plunder | alatonowlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to plunder |
| Ability — future II | mentonowlayallıqmamı? tonowlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to plunder? | sentonowlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to plunder? | oltonowlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to plunder? | biztonowlayallıqbızmı? tonowlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to plunder? | siztonowlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to plunder? | alatonowlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to plunder? |
| Ability — future II | mentonowlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to plunder? | sentonowlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to plunder? | oltonowlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to plunder? | biztonowlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to plunder? | siztonowlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to plunder? | alatonowlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to plunder? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentonowlayalır edimtonowlayalır emI would be able to plunder | sentonowlayalır ediŋtonowlayalır eŋyou would be able to plunder | oltonowlayalır editonowlayalır edhe would be able to plunder | biztonowlayalır ediktonowlayalır ekwe would be able to plunder | siztonowlayalır edigiztonowlayalır egizyou all would be able to plunder | alatonowlayalır ediletonowlayalır ellethey would be able to plunder |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentonowlayalmaz edimtonowlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to plunder | sentonowlayalmaz ediŋtonowlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to plunder | oltonowlayalmaz editonowlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to plunder | biztonowlayalmaz ediktonowlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to plunder | siztonowlayalmaz edigiztonowlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to plunder | alatonowlayalmaz ediletonowlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to plunder |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentonowlayalğıntonowlayalğımay you be able to plunder | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentonowlayalmağıntonowlayalmağımay you not be able to plunder | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentonowlarğa izleymeI want to plunder | sentonowlarğa izleyseyou want to plunder | oltonowlarğa izleydihe wants to plunder | biztonowlarğa izleybizwe want to plunder | siztonowlarğa izleysizyou all want to plunder | alatonowlarğa izleydilethey want to plunder |
| want to | mentonowlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to plunder | sentonowlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to plunder | oltonowlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to plunder | biztonowlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to plunder | siztonowlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to plunder | alatonowlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to plunder |
| would like to | mentonowlarğa süemeI would like to plunder | sentonowlarğa süeseyou would like to plunder | oltonowlarğa süedihe would like to plunder | biztonowlarğa süebizwe would like to plunder | siztonowlarğa süesizyou all would like to plunder | alatonowlarğa süedilethey would like to plunder |
| would like to | mentonowlarğa süymeymeI would not like to plunder | sentonowlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to plunder | oltonowlarğa süymeydihe would not like to plunder | biztonowlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to plunder | siztonowlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to plunder | alatonowlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to plunder |
| hope to | mentonowlarğa umutlanamaI hope to plunder | sentonowlarğa umutlanasayou hope to plunder | oltonowlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to plunder | biztonowlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to plunder | siztonowlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to plunder | alatonowlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to plunder |
| hope to | mentonowlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to plunder | sentonowlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to plunder | oltonowlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to plunder | biztonowlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to plunder | siztonowlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to plunder | alatonowlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to plunder |
| be about to | mentonowlarğa deb turamaI am about to plunder | sentonowlarğa deb turasayou are about to plunder | oltonowlarğa deb turadıhe is about to plunder | biztonowlarğa deb turabızwe are about to plunder | siztonowlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to plunder | alatonowlarğa deb turadılathey are about to plunder |
| be about to | mentonowlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to plunder | sentonowlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to plunder | oltonowlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to plunder | biztonowlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to plunder | siztonowlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to plunder | alatonowlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to plunder |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentonowlarğa kerekmeI need to plunder | sentonowlarğa kerekseyou need to plunder | oltonowlarğa kerekdihe needs to plunder | biztonowlarğa kerekbizwe need to plunder | siztonowlarğa kereksizyou all need to plunder | alatonowlarğa kerekdilethey need to plunder |
| need to | mentonowlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to plunder | sentonowlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to plunder | oltonowlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to plunder | biztonowlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to plunder | siztonowlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to plunder | alatonowlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to plunder |
| have to | menmenŋe tonowlarğa tüşediI have to plunder | sensenŋe tonowlarğa tüşediyou have to plunder | olaŋa tonowlarğa tüşedihe has to plunder | bizbizge tonowlarğa tüşediwe have to plunder | sizsizge tonowlarğa tüşediyou all have to plunder | alaalağa tonowlarğa tüşedithey have to plunder |
| have to | menmenŋe tonowlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to plunder | sensenŋe tonowlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to plunder | olaŋa tonowlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to plunder | bizbizge tonowlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to plunder | sizsizge tonowlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to plunder | alaalağa tonowlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to plunder |
| be obliged to | mentonowlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to plunder | sentonowlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to plunder | oltonowlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to plunder | biztonowlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to plunder | siztonowlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to plunder | alatonowlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to plunder |
| be obliged to | mentonowlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to plunder | sentonowlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to plunder | oltonowlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to plunder | biztonowlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to plunder | siztonowlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to plunder | alatonowlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to plunder |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentonowlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to plunder | sentonowlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to plunder | oltonowlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to plunder | biztonowlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to plunder | siztonowlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to plunder | alatonowlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to plunder |
| have a way to | mentonowlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to plunder | sentonowlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to plunder | oltonowlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to plunder | biztonowlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to plunder | siztonowlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to plunder | alatonowlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to plunder |
| be free to | mentonowlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to plunder | sentonowlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to plunder | oltonowlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to plunder | biztonowlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to plunder | siztonowlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to plunder | alatonowlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to plunder |
| be free to | mentonowlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to plunder | sentonowlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to plunder | oltonowlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to plunder | biztonowlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to plunder | siztonowlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to plunder | alatonowlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to plunder |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to plunder | sensenŋe tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to plunder | olaŋa tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to plunder | bizbizge tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to plunder | sizsizge tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to plunder | alaalağa tonowlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to plunder |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to plunder | sensenŋe tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to plunder | olaŋa tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to plunder | bizbizge tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to plunder | sizsizge tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to plunder | alaalağa tonowlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to plunder |
| be ready to | mentonowlarğa hazırmaI am ready to plunder | sentonowlarğa hazırsayou are ready to plunder | oltonowlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to plunder | biztonowlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to plunder | siztonowlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to plunder | alatonowlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to plunder |
| be ready to | mentonowlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to plunder | sentonowlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to plunder | oltonowlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to plunder | biztonowlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to plunder | siztonowlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to plunder | alatonowlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to plunder |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentonowlarğa küreşemeI am trying to plunder | sentonowlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to plunder | oltonowlarğa küreşedihe is trying to plunder | biztonowlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to plunder | siztonowlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to plunder | alatonowlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to plunder |
| try to | mentonowlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to plunder | sentonowlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to plunder | oltonowlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to plunder | biztonowlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to plunder | siztonowlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to plunder | alatonowlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to plunder |
| agree to | mentonowlarğa unaymaI agree to plunder | sentonowlarğa unaysayou agree to plunder | oltonowlarğa unaydıhe agrees to plunder | biztonowlarğa unaybızwe agree to plunder | siztonowlarğa unaysızyou all agree to plunder | alatonowlarğa unaydılathey agree to plunder |
| agree to | mentonowlarğa unamaymaI refuse to plunder | sentonowlarğa unamaysayou refuse to plunder | oltonowlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to plunder | biztonowlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to plunder | siztonowlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to plunder | alatonowlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to plunder |
| hurry to | mentonowlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to plunder | sentonowlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to plunder | oltonowlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to plunder | biztonowlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to plunder | siztonowlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to plunder | alatonowlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to plunder |
| hurry to | mentonowlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to plunder | sentonowlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to plunder | oltonowlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to plunder | biztonowlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to plunder | siztonowlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to plunder | alatonowlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to plunder |
| be afraid to | mentonowlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to plunder | sentonowlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to plunder | oltonowlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to plunder | biztonowlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to plunder | siztonowlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to plunder | alatonowlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to plunder |
| be afraid to | mentonowlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to plunder | sentonowlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to plunder | oltonowlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to plunder | biztonowlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to plunder | siztonowlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to plunder | alatonowlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to plunder |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentonowlay bolmazmaI can't be plundering | sentonowlay bolmazsayou can't be plundering | oltonowlay bolmazhe can't be plundering | biztonowlay bolmazbızwe can't be plundering | siztonowlay bolmazsızyou all can't be plundering | alatonowlay bolmazlathey can't be plundering |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentonowlamay bolmazmaI must be plundering (emphatic) | sentonowlamay bolmazsayou must be plundering (emphatic) | oltonowlamay bolmazhe must be plundering (emphatic) | biztonowlamay bolmazbızwe must be plundering (emphatic) | siztonowlamay bolmazsızyou all must be plundering (emphatic) | alatonowlamay bolmazlathey must be plundering (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentonowlay turmasamif I don't keep plundering | sentonowlay turmasaŋif you don't keep plundering | oltonowlay turmasaif he doesn't keep plundering | biztonowlay turmasaqif we don't keep plundering | siztonowlay turmasağızif you all don't keep plundering | alatonowlay turmasalaif they don't keep plundering |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentonowlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of plundering | sentonowlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of plundering | oltonowlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of plundering | biztonowlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of plundering | siztonowlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of plundering | alatonowlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of plundering |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentonowlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not plundering (emphatic) | sentonowlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not plundering (emphatic) | oltonowlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not plundering (emphatic) | biztonowlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not plundering (emphatic) | siztonowlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not plundering (emphatic) | alatonowlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not plundering (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentonowlamay turamaI keep on not plundering | sentonowlamay turasayou keep on not plundering | oltonowlamay turadıhe keeps on not plundering | biztonowlamay turabızwe keep on not plundering | siztonowlamay turasızyou all keep on not plundering | alatonowlamay turadılathey keep on not plundering |
| Progressive — double negation | mentonowlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not plundering | sentonowlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not plundering | oltonowlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not plundering | biztonowlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not plundering | siztonowlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not plundering | alatonowlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not plundering |
| Progressive — double negation | mentonowlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not plundering? | sentonowlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not plundering? | oltonowlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not plundering? | biztonowlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not plundering? | siztonowlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not plundering? | alatonowlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not plundering? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentonowlağan bolmazmaI can't have plundered | sentonowlağan bolmazsayou can't have plundered | oltonowlağan bolmazhe can't have plundered | biztonowlağan bolmazbızwe can't have plundered | siztonowlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have plundered | alatonowlağan bolmazlathey can't have plundered |
| Inference — double negation | mentonowlamağan bolmazmaI must have plundered (emphatic) | sentonowlamağan bolmazsayou must have plundered (emphatic) | oltonowlamağan bolmazhe must have plundered (emphatic) | biztonowlamağan bolmazbızwe must have plundered (emphatic) | siztonowlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have plundered (emphatic) | alatonowlamağan bolmazlathey must have plundered (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentonowlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had plundered | sentonowlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had plundered | oltonowlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had plundered | biztonowlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had plundered | siztonowlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had plundered | alatonowlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had plundered |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentonowlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't plundered | sentonowlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't plundered | oltonowlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't plundered | biztonowlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't plundered | siztonowlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't plundered | alatonowlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't plundered |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentonowlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to plunder | sentonowlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to plunder | oltonowlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to plunder | biztonowlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to plunder | siztonowlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to plunder | alatonowlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to plunder |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentonowlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to plunder (emphatic) | sentonowlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to plunder (emphatic) | oltonowlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to plunder (emphatic) | biztonowlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to plunder (emphatic) | siztonowlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to plunder (emphatic) | alatonowlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to plunder (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentonowlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to plunder | sentonowlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to plunder | oltonowlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to plunder | biztonowlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to plunder | siztonowlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to plunder | alatonowlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to plunder |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentonowlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to plunder | sentonowlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to plunder | oltonowlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to plunder | biztonowlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to plunder | siztonowlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to plunder | alatonowlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to plunder |