tohtarğa
/toxtarʁa/
1. stop, come to a halt — Also said of a clock, machine or factory that stops working.
- maşina üy alda tohtadı — the car stopped in front of the house
- sağat tohtağandı — the clock has stopped
- alayda tohta — stop there
- bara turğan arba tohtadı — the moving cart stopped
- maşina şaharnı qıyırında tohtadı — the car stopped at the edge of the town
- iş tohtab qalğandı — the work has come to a halt
- atla suwnu jağasında tohtadıla — the horses stopped at the river bank
2. wait, stand still, hold on — Common as a request: bir kesek tohta 'wait a little'.
- bir kesek tohta — wait a little
- bir kesek tohtağız, kiyinib çığayım — wait a little, let me get dressed and come out
- tohta, men da barama — wait, I am going too
- tohtab tururğa — to stand still
- tohtab turğan suw — standing water
- qonaqla kelginçi tohtab turayıq — let us wait until the guests arrive
3. cease, die down, let up — Said of rain, wind, sounds, a song, a heartbeat, growth and similar processes.
- jel tohtadı — the wind died down
- jaŋur tohtamaydı — the rain does not let up
- jır tohtadı — the song broke off
- oyun-külkü tohtadı — the merriment died down
- jürekni urğanı tohtamaydı — the heart's beating does not cease
4. calm down, settle down, quiet down (of a person) one source
- tohta, açıwlanma — calm down, don't get angry
5. stop doing something, give up, quit — The thing given up stands in the ablative: tütünden tohtarğa 'quit smoking'. Also used for breaking off for a while: qalayda tohtağan edim 'where did I stop?'
- tütünden tohtarğa — to give up smoking
- aşdan tohtay başlağandı — has begun to give up eating
- qalayda tohtağan edim? — where did I stop?
- amanlıqdan tohta — give up your wrongdoing
- saw sağatha deri tohtamawçudu — she would not stop for a whole hour
- işinden tohtadı — he gave up his work
- söleşgen tohtadı — the one speaking fell silent
6. stay, put up somewhere, settle — Used for lodging at a hotel or with relatives, or for setting up camp: lager bolub tohtarğa.
- ala qonaq üyde tohtağandıla — they have put up at the hotel
- egeçibizde tohtadıq — we stayed at our sister's
- qonaq üyleden birinde tohtarıq bolurbuz — we will probably stay at one of the hotels
- elde tohtadıla — they settled in the village
- tawnu eteginde qoş salıb tohtadıla — they set up a hut and stayed at the foot of the mountain
- lager bolub tohtarğa — to make camp
7. hold out, stay put, remain one source
- ayaq tireb tohtarğa — to dig one's heels in
- ayaq tireb tohtarğa kerekdi — we must dig our heels in
- bu sabiy bir jerde tohtamaydı — this child does not stay in one place
- Alawganda qatın tohtamaz — no wife will stay with Alaugan
- jawğan qar jerde tohtamadı — the snow that fell did not stay on the ground
- askerle köpürde tohtab qaldıla — the troops stayed put at the bridge
8. last, be kept (of money and supplies); in the negative, run out quickly — Usually negative: bizde ahça tohtamaydı 'money never lasts with us'. one source
- bizde açha tohtamaydı — money never lasts with us
- amanŋa altın tohtamaz — gold does not last with a bad person
- aşarıq tohtamaydı — the food does not last
- qazançım tohtamadı — my earnings did not last
9. auxiliary marking the onset of an action or state, after the converb or the negative converb of another verb — Compare söleşmey tohtarğa 'fall silent'. one source
- unamay tohtarğa — to refuse flatly
- ol söleşmey tohtadı — he fell silent
Expressions
- barıb tohtağan — utter, downright
- çık dep tohtarğa — refuse flatly
- tohtasın bir — just you wait
- duwası tohtarğa — mourning prayers end
Conjugation
Common forms
- tohtaydıhe is stopping
- tohtadıhe stopped
- tohtağandıhe has stopped
- tohtarhe will stop
- tohtarıqdıhe is going to stop
- tohtay edihe was stopping
- tohtasaif he stops
- tohta!stop!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentohtaymaI am stopping | sentohtaysayou are stopping | oltohtaydıhe is stopping | biztohtaybızwe are stopping | siztohtaysızyou all are stopping | alatohtaydılathey are stopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentohtamaymaI am not stopping | sentohtamaysayou are not stopping | oltohtamaydıhe is not stopping | biztohtamaybızwe are not stopping | siztohtamaysızyou all are not stopping | alatohtamaydılathey are not stopping |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentohtaymamı? tohtaymıma?am I stopping? | sentohtaymısa?are you stopping? | oltohtaymıdı?is he stopping? | biztohtaybızmı? tohtaymıbız?are we stopping? | siztohtaymısız?are you all stopping? | alatohtaymıdıla?are they stopping? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentohtamaymamı? tohtamaymıma?aren't I stopping? | sentohtamaymısa?aren't you stopping? | oltohtamaymıdı?isn't he stopping? | biztohtamaybızmı? tohtamaymıbız?aren't we stopping? | siztohtamaymısız?aren't you all stopping? | alatohtamaymıdıla?aren't they stopping? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentohtawçanmaI usually stop | sentohtawçansayou usually stop | oltohtawçandıhe usually stops | biztohtawçanbızwe usually stop | siztohtawçansızyou all usually stop | alatohtawçandılathey usually stop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentohtamawçanmaI usually don't stop | sentohtamawçansayou usually don't stop | oltohtamawçandıhe usually doesn't stop | biztohtamawçanbızwe usually don't stop | siztohtamawçansızyou all usually don't stop | alatohtamawçandılathey usually don't stop |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentohtawçanmamı? tohtawçanmıma?do I usually stop? | sentohtawçanmısa?do you usually stop? | oltohtawçanmıdı?does he usually stop? | biztohtawçanbızmı? tohtawçanmıbız?do we usually stop? | siztohtawçanmısız?do you all usually stop? | alatohtawçanmıdıla?do they usually stop? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentohtamawçanmamı? tohtamawçanmıma?do I usually not stop? | sentohtamawçanmısa?do you usually not stop? | oltohtamawçanmıdı?does he usually not stop? | biztohtamawçanbızmı? tohtamawçanmıbız?do we usually not stop? | siztohtamawçanmısız?do you all usually not stop? | alatohtamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not stop? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltohtabdıhe has stopped and remains so | alatohtabdılathey have stopped and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltohtabmıdı?has he stopped? | alatohtabmıdıla?have they stopped? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentohtab turamaI keep stopping | sentohtab turasayou keep stopping | oltohtab turadıhe keeps stopping | biztohtab turabızwe keep stopping | siztohtab turasızyou all keep stopping | alatohtab turadılathey keep stopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentohtab turmaymaI don't keep stopping | sentohtab turmaysayou don't keep stopping | oltohtab turmaydıhe doesn't keep stopping | biztohtab turmaybızwe don't keep stopping | siztohtab turmaysızyou all don't keep stopping | alatohtab turmaydılathey don't keep stopping |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentohtab turamamı? tohtab turamıma?do I keep stopping? | sentohtab turamısa?do you keep stopping? | oltohtab turamıdı?does he keep stopping? | biztohtab turabızmı? tohtab turamıbız?do we keep stopping? | siztohtab turamısız?do you all keep stopping? | alatohtab turamıdıla?do they keep stopping? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentohtab turmaymamı? tohtab turmaymıma?don't I keep stopping? | sentohtab turmaymısa?don't you keep stopping? | oltohtab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep stopping? | biztohtab turmaybızmı? tohtab turmaymıbız?don't we keep stopping? | siztohtab turmaymısız?don't you all keep stopping? | alatohtab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep stopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentohtay turamaI am in the middle of stopping | sentohtay turasayou are in the middle of stopping | oltohtay turadıhe is in the middle of stopping | biztohtay turabızwe are in the middle of stopping | siztohtay turasızyou all are in the middle of stopping | alatohtay turadılathey are in the middle of stopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentohtay turmaymaI am not in the middle of stopping | sentohtay turmaysayou are not in the middle of stopping | oltohtay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of stopping | biztohtay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of stopping | siztohtay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of stopping | alatohtay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of stopping |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentohtay turamamı? tohtay turamıma?am I in the middle of stopping? | sentohtay turamısa?are you in the middle of stopping? | oltohtay turamıdı?is he in the middle of stopping? | biztohtay turabızmı? tohtay turamıbız?are we in the middle of stopping? | siztohtay turamısız?are you all in the middle of stopping? | alatohtay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of stopping? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentohtay turmaymamı? tohtay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of stopping? | sentohtay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of stopping? | oltohtay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of stopping? | biztohtay turmaybızmı? tohtay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of stopping? | siztohtay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of stopping? | alatohtay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of stopping? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentohtadımI stopped | sentohtadıŋyou stopped | oltohtadıhe stopped | biztohtadıqwe stopped | siztohtadığızyou all stopped | alatohtadılathey stopped |
| Simple past (definite) | mentohtamadımI didn't stop | sentohtamadıŋyou didn't stop | oltohtamadıhe didn't stop | biztohtamadıqwe didn't stop | siztohtamadığızyou all didn't stop | alatohtamadılathey didn't stop |
| Simple past (definite) | mentohtadımmı?did I stop? | sentohtadıŋmı?did you stop? | oltohtadımı?did he stop? | biztohtadıqmı?did we stop? | siztohtadığızmı?did you all stop? | alatohtadılamı?did they stop? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentohtamadımmı?didn't I stop? | sentohtamadıŋmı?didn't you stop? | oltohtamadımı?didn't he stop? | biztohtamadıqmı?didn't we stop? | siztohtamadığızmı?didn't you all stop? | alatohtamadılamı?didn't they stop? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentohtağanmaI have stopped | sentohtağansayou have stopped | oltohtağandıhe has stopped | biztohtağanbızwe have stopped | siztohtağansızyou all have stopped | alatohtağandılathey have stopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentohtamağanmaI haven't stopped | sentohtamağansayou haven't stopped | oltohtamağandıhe hasn't stopped | biztohtamağanbızwe haven't stopped | siztohtamağansızyou all haven't stopped | alatohtamağandılathey haven't stopped |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentohtağanmamı? tohtağanmıma?have I stopped? | sentohtağanmısa?have you stopped? | oltohtağanmıdı?has he stopped? | biztohtağanbızmı? tohtağanmıbız?have we stopped? | siztohtağanmısız?have you all stopped? | alatohtağanmıdıla?have they stopped? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentohtamağanmamı? tohtamağanmıma?haven't I stopped? | sentohtamağanmısa?haven't you stopped? | oltohtamağanmıdı?hasn't he stopped? | biztohtamağanbızmı? tohtamağanmıbız?haven't we stopped? | siztohtamağanmısız?haven't you all stopped? | alatohtamağanmıdıla?haven't they stopped? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentohtab turdumI kept stopping | sentohtab turduŋyou kept stopping | oltohtab turduhe kept stopping | biztohtab turduqwe kept stopping | siztohtab turduğuzyou all kept stopping | alatohtab turdulathey kept stopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentohtab turmadımI didn't keep stopping | sentohtab turmadıŋyou didn't keep stopping | oltohtab turmadıhe didn't keep stopping | biztohtab turmadıqwe didn't keep stopping | siztohtab turmadığızyou all didn't keep stopping | alatohtab turmadılathey didn't keep stopping |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentohtarmaI will stop | sentohtarsayou will stop | oltohtarhe will stop | biztohtarbızwe will stop | siztohtarsızyou all will stop | alatohtarlathey will stop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentohtamazmaI won't stop | sentohtamazsayou won't stop | oltohtamazhe won't stop | biztohtamazbızwe won't stop | siztohtamazsızyou all won't stop | alatohtamazlathey won't stop |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentohtarmamı? tohtarmıma?will I stop? | sentohtarmısa?will you stop? | oltohtarmı?will he stop? | biztohtarbızmı? tohtarmıbız?will we stop? | siztohtarmısız?will you all stop? | alatohtarlamı? tohtarmıla?will they stop? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentohtamazmamı? tohtamazmıma?won't I stop? | sentohtamazmısa?won't you stop? | oltohtamazmı?won't he stop? | biztohtamazbızmı? tohtamazmıbız?won't we stop? | siztohtamazmısız?won't you all stop? | alatohtamazlamı? tohtamazmıla?won't they stop? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentohtarıqmaI am going to stop | sentohtarıqsayou are going to stop | oltohtarıqdıhe is going to stop | biztohtarıqbızwe are going to stop | siztohtarıqsızyou all are going to stop | alatohtarıqdılathey are going to stop |
| Definite future (future II) | mentohtarıq tülmeI am not going to stop | sentohtarıq tülseyou are not going to stop | oltohtarıq tüldühe is not going to stop | biztohtarıq tülbüzwe are not going to stop | siztohtarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to stop | alatohtarıq tüldülethey are not going to stop |
| Definite future (future II) | mentohtarıqmamı? tohtarıqmıma?am I going to stop? | sentohtarıqmısa?are you going to stop? | oltohtarıqmıdı?is he going to stop? | biztohtarıqbızmı? tohtarıqmıbız?are we going to stop? | siztohtarıqmısız?are you all going to stop? | alatohtarıqmıdıla?are they going to stop? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentohtarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to stop? | sentohtarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to stop? | oltohtarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to stop? | biztohtarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to stop? | siztohtarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to stop? | alatohtarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to stop? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentohtağan edimtohtağanemI had stopped | sentohtağan ediŋtohtağaneŋyou had stopped | oltohtağan editohtağanedhe had stopped | biztohtağan ediktohtağanekwe had stopped | siztohtağan edigiztohtağanegizyou all had stopped | alatohtağan ediletohtağanellethey had stopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentohtamağan edimtohtamağanemI hadn't stopped | sentohtamağan ediŋtohtamağaneŋyou hadn't stopped | oltohtamağan editohtamağanedhe hadn't stopped | biztohtamağan ediktohtamağanekwe hadn't stopped | siztohtamağan edigiztohtamağanegizyou all hadn't stopped | alatohtamağan ediletohtamağanellethey hadn't stopped |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentohtay edimtohtayemI was stopping | sentohtay ediŋtohtayeŋyou were stopping | oltohtay editohtayedhe was stopping | biztohtay ediktohtayekwe were stopping | siztohtay edigiztohtayegizyou all were stopping | alatohtay ediletohtayellethey were stopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentohtamay edimtohtamayemI wasn't stopping | sentohtamay ediŋtohtamayeŋyou weren't stopping | oltohtamay editohtamayedhe wasn't stopping | biztohtamay ediktohtamayekwe weren't stopping | siztohtamay edigiztohtamayegizyou all weren't stopping | alatohtamay ediletohtamayellethey weren't stopping |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentohtawçan edimtohtawçanemI used to stop | sentohtawçan ediŋtohtawçaneŋyou used to stop | oltohtawçan editohtawçanedhe used to stop | biztohtawçan ediktohtawçanekwe used to stop | siztohtawçan edigiztohtawçanegizyou all used to stop | alatohtawçan ediletohtawçanellethey used to stop |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentohtamawçan edimtohtamawçanemI didn't use to stop | sentohtamawçan ediŋtohtamawçaneŋyou didn't use to stop | oltohtamawçan editohtamawçanedhe didn't use to stop | biztohtamawçan ediktohtamawçanekwe didn't use to stop | siztohtamawçan edigiztohtamawçanegizyou all didn't use to stop | alatohtamawçan ediletohtamawçanellethey didn't use to stop |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltohtab edihe had stopped and remained so | alatohtab edilethey had stopped and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltohtab tül edihe hadn't stopped | alatohtab tül edilethey hadn't stopped | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentohtab tura edimtohtab turaemI had kept stopping | sentohtab tura ediŋtohtab turaeŋyou had kept stopping | oltohtab tura editohtab turaedhe had kept stopping | biztohtab tura ediktohtab turaekwe had kept stopping | siztohtab tura edigiztohtab turaegizyou all had kept stopping | alatohtab tura ediletohtab turaellethey had kept stopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentohtab turmay edimtohtab turmayemI hadn't kept stopping | sentohtab turmay ediŋtohtab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept stopping | oltohtab turmay editohtab turmayedhe hadn't kept stopping | biztohtab turmay ediktohtab turmayekwe hadn't kept stopping | siztohtab turmay edigiztohtab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept stopping | alatohtab turmay ediletohtab turmayellethey hadn't kept stopping |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentohtay tura edimtohtay turaemI was in the middle of stopping | sentohtay tura ediŋtohtay turaeŋyou were in the middle of stopping | oltohtay tura editohtay turaedhe was in the middle of stopping | biztohtay tura ediktohtay turaekwe were in the middle of stopping | siztohtay tura edigiztohtay turaegizyou all were in the middle of stopping | alatohtay tura ediletohtay turaellethey were in the middle of stopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentohtay turmay edimtohtay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of stopping | sentohtay turmay ediŋtohtay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of stopping | oltohtay turmay editohtay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of stopping | biztohtay turmay ediktohtay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of stopping | siztohtay turmay edigiztohtay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of stopping | alatohtay turmay ediletohtay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of stopping |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentohtar edimtohtar emI would stop | sentohtar ediŋtohtar eŋyou would stop | oltohtar editohtar edhe would stop | biztohtar ediktohtar ekwe would stop | siztohtar edigiztohtar egizyou all would stop | alatohtar ediletohtar ellethey would stop |
| Conditional result (would) | mentohtamaz edimtohtamaz emI wouldn't stop | sentohtamaz ediŋtohtamaz eŋyou wouldn't stop | oltohtamaz editohtamaz edhe wouldn't stop | biztohtamaz ediktohtamaz ekwe wouldn't stop | siztohtamaz edigiztohtamaz egizyou all wouldn't stop | alatohtamaz ediletohtamaz ellethey wouldn't stop |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentohtarıq edimtohtarıq emI would have stopped | sentohtarıq ediŋtohtarıq eŋyou would have stopped | oltohtarıq editohtarıq edhe would have stopped | biztohtarıq ediktohtarıq ekwe would have stopped | siztohtarıq edigiztohtarıq egizyou all would have stopped | alatohtarıq ediletohtarıq ellethey would have stopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentohtarıq tül edimtohtarıq tül emI wouldn't have stopped | sentohtarıq tül ediŋtohtarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have stopped | oltohtarıq tül editohtarıq tül edhe wouldn't have stopped | biztohtarıq tül ediktohtarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have stopped | siztohtarıq tül edigiztohtarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have stopped | alatohtarıq tül ediletohtarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have stopped |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentohtasamif I stop | sentohtasaŋif you stop | oltohtasaif he stops | biztohtasaqif we stop | siztohtasağızif you all stop | alatohtasalaif they stop |
| Conditional | mentohtamasamif I don't stop | sentohtamasaŋif you don't stop | oltohtamasaif he doesn't stop | biztohtamasaqif we don't stop | siztohtamasağızif you all don't stop | alatohtamasalaif they don't stop |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentohtay esemif I am stopping | sentohtay eseŋif you are stopping | oltohtay eseif he is stopping | biztohtay esekif we are stopping | siztohtay esegizif you all are stopping | alatohtay eseleif they are stopping |
| Conditional, present real | mentohtamay esemif I am not stopping | sentohtamay eseŋif you are not stopping | oltohtamay eseif he is not stopping | biztohtamay esekif we are not stopping | siztohtamay esegizif you all are not stopping | alatohtamay eseleif they are not stopping |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentohtasam editohtasam edif only I stopped | sentohtasaŋ editohtasaŋ edif only you stopped | oltohtasa editohtasaedif only he stopped | biztohtasaq editohtasaq edif only we stopped | siztohtasağız editohtasağız edif only you all stopped | alatohtasala editohtasalaedif only they stopped |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentohtamasam editohtamasam edif only I didn't stop | sentohtamasaŋ editohtamasaŋ edif only you didn't stop | oltohtamasa editohtamasaedif only he didn't stop | biztohtamasaq editohtamasaq edif only we didn't stop | siztohtamasağız editohtamasağız edif only you all didn't stop | alatohtamasala editohtamasalaedif only they didn't stop |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentohtab tursamif I carry on stopping | sentohtab tursaŋif you carry on stopping | oltohtab tursaif he carries on stopping | biztohtab tursaqif we carry on stopping | siztohtab tursağızif you all carry on stopping | alatohtab tursalaif they carry on stopping |
| Durative conditional | mentohtab turmasamif I don't carry on stopping | sentohtab turmasaŋif you don't carry on stopping | oltohtab turmasaif he doesn't carry on stopping | biztohtab turmasaqif we don't carry on stopping | siztohtab turmasağızif you all don't carry on stopping | alatohtab turmasalaif they don't carry on stopping |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentohtab tura esemif I have kept stopping | sentohtab tura eseŋif you have kept stopping | oltohtab tura eseif he has kept stopping | biztohtab tura esekif we have kept stopping | siztohtab tura esegizif you all have kept stopping | alatohtab tura eseleif they have kept stopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentohtab turmay esemif I haven't kept stopping | sentohtab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept stopping | oltohtab turmay eseif he hasn't kept stopping | biztohtab turmay esekif we haven't kept stopping | siztohtab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept stopping | alatohtab turmay eseleif they haven't kept stopping |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentohtay tursamif I keep stopping | sentohtay tursaŋif you keep stopping | oltohtay tursaif he keeps stopping | biztohtay tursaqif we keep stopping | siztohtay tursağızif you all keep stopping | alatohtay tursalaif they keep stopping |
| Progressive conditional | mentohtamay tursamif I keep on not stopping | sentohtamay tursaŋif you keep on not stopping | oltohtamay tursaif he keeps on not stopping | biztohtamay tursaqif we keep on not stopping | siztohtamay tursağızif you all keep on not stopping | alatohtamay tursalaif they keep on not stopping |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentohtay tura esemif I am in the middle of stopping | sentohtay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of stopping | oltohtay tura eseif he is in the middle of stopping | biztohtay tura esekif we are in the middle of stopping | siztohtay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of stopping | alatohtay tura eseleif they are in the middle of stopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentohtamay tura esemif I keep on not stopping | sentohtamay tura eseŋif you keep on not stopping | oltohtamay tura eseif he keeps on not stopping | biztohtamay tura esekif we keep on not stopping | siztohtamay tura esegizif you all keep on not stopping | alatohtamay tura eseleif they keep on not stopping |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentohtadım esemif I stopped | sentohtadıŋ eseŋif you stopped | oltohtadı eseif he stopped | biztohtadıq esekif we stopped | siztohtadığız esegizif you all stopped | alatohtadıla eseleif they stopped |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentohtamadım esemif I didn't stop | sentohtamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't stop | oltohtamadı eseif he didn't stop | biztohtamadıq esekif we didn't stop | siztohtamadığız esegizif you all didn't stop | alatohtamadıla eseleif they didn't stop |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentohtağan esemif I did stop (indeed) | sentohtağan eseŋif you did stop (indeed) | oltohtağan eseif he did stop (indeed) | biztohtağan esekif we did stop (indeed) | siztohtağan esegizif you all did stop (indeed) | alatohtağan eseleif they did stop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentohtamağan esemif I didn't stop (indeed) | sentohtamağan eseŋif you didn't stop (indeed) | oltohtamağan eseif he didn't stop (indeed) | biztohtamağan esekif we didn't stop (indeed) | siztohtamağan esegizif you all didn't stop (indeed) | alatohtamağan eseleif they didn't stop (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentohtağan bolsamif I had stopped | sentohtağan bolsaŋif you had stopped | oltohtağan bolsaif he had stopped | biztohtağan bolsaqif we had stopped | siztohtağan bolsağızif you all had stopped | alatohtağan bolsalaif they had stopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentohtamağan bolsamif I hadn't stopped | sentohtamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't stopped | oltohtamağan bolsaif he hadn't stopped | biztohtamağan bolsaqif we hadn't stopped | siztohtamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't stopped | alatohtamağan bolsalaif they hadn't stopped |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentohtağan bolsam editohtağan bolsam edif only I had stopped | sentohtağan bolsaŋ editohtağan bolsaŋ edif only you had stopped | oltohtağan bolsa editohtağan bolsaedif only he had stopped | biztohtağan bolsaq editohtağan bolsaq edif only we had stopped | siztohtağan bolsağız editohtağan bolsağız edif only you all had stopped | alatohtağan bolsala editohtağan bolsalaedif only they had stopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentohtamağan bolsam editohtamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't stopped | sentohtamağan bolsaŋ editohtamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't stopped | oltohtamağan bolsa editohtamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't stopped | biztohtamağan bolsaq editohtamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't stopped | siztohtamağan bolsağız editohtamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't stopped | alatohtamağan bolsala editohtamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't stopped |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentohtar esemif I will stop | sentohtar eseŋif you will stop | oltohtar eseif he will stop | biztohtar esekif we will stop | siztohtar esegizif you all will stop | alatohtar eseleif they will stop |
| Conditional, aorist | mentohtamaz esemif I won't stop | sentohtamaz eseŋif you won't stop | oltohtamaz eseif he won't stop | biztohtamaz esekif we won't stop | siztohtamaz esegizif you all won't stop | alatohtamaz eseleif they won't stop |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentohtarıq esemif I am going to stop | sentohtarıq eseŋif you are going to stop | oltohtarıq eseif he is going to stop | biztohtarıq esekif we are going to stop | siztohtarıq esegizif you all are going to stop | alatohtarıq eseleif they are going to stop |
| Conditional, future | mentohtarıq tül esemif I am not going to stop | sentohtarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to stop | oltohtarıq tül eseif he is not going to stop | biztohtarıq tül esekif we are not going to stop | siztohtarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to stop | alatohtarıq tül eseleif they are not going to stop |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentohtarıq bolsamif I were going to stop | sentohtarıq bolsaŋif you were going to stop | oltohtarıq bolsaif he were going to stop | biztohtarıq bolsaqif we were going to stop | siztohtarıq bolsağızif you all were going to stop | alatohtarıq bolsalaif they were going to stop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentohtamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to stop | sentohtamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to stop | oltohtamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to stop | biztohtamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to stop | siztohtamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to stop | alatohtamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to stop |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tohtadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentohtay bolurmaI must be stopping | sentohtay bolursayou must be stopping | oltohtay bolurhe must be stopping | biztohtay bolurbuzwe must be stopping | siztohtay bolursuzyou all must be stopping | alatohtay bolurlathey must be stopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentohtamay bolurmaI must not be stopping | sentohtamay bolursayou must not be stopping | oltohtamay bolurhe must not be stopping | biztohtamay bolurbuzwe must not be stopping | siztohtamay bolursuzyou all must not be stopping | alatohtamay bolurlathey must not be stopping |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentohtay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of stopping | sentohtay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of stopping | oltohtay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of stopping | biztohtay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of stopping | siztohtay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of stopping | alatohtay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of stopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentohtamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not stopping | sentohtamay tura bolursayou must keep on not stopping | oltohtamay tura bolurhe must keep on not stopping | biztohtamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not stopping | siztohtamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not stopping | alatohtamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not stopping |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentohtağan bolurmaI must have stopped | sentohtağan bolursayou must have stopped | oltohtağan bolurhe must have stopped | biztohtağan bolurbuzwe must have stopped | siztohtağan bolursuzyou all must have stopped | alatohtağan bolurlathey must have stopped |
| Inference (must have) | mentohtamağan bolurmaI must not have stopped | sentohtamağan bolursayou must not have stopped | oltohtamağan bolurhe must not have stopped | biztohtamağan bolurbuzwe must not have stopped | siztohtamağan bolursuzyou all must not have stopped | alatohtamağan bolurlathey must not have stopped |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentohtarıq bolurmaI must be going to stop | sentohtarıq bolursayou must be going to stop | oltohtarıq bolurhe must be going to stop | biztohtarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to stop | siztohtarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to stop | alatohtarıq bolurlathey must be going to stop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentohtamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to stop | sentohtamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to stop | oltohtamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to stop | biztohtamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to stop | siztohtamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to stop | alatohtamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to stop |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentohtayımlet me stop | sentohta!stop! | oltohtasınlet him stop | biztohtayıqlet's stop | siztohtağız!stop, you all! | alatohtasınlalet them stop |
| Commands & suggestions | mentohtamayımlet me not stop | sentohtama!don't stop! | oltohtamasınlet him not stop | biztohtamayıqlet's not stop | siztohtamağız!don't stop, you all! | alatohtamasınlalet them not stop |
| Commands & suggestions | mentohtayımmı?shall I stop? | oltohtasınmı?should he stop? | biztohtayıqmı?shall we stop? | alatohtasınlamı?should they stop? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentohtamayımmı?shall I not stop? | oltohtamasınmı?should he not stop? | biztohtamayıqmı?shall we not stop? | alatohtamasınlamı?should they not stop? | ||
| Requests | sentohtaçı2tohtaçınplease stop | oltohtasınçıdo let him stop | siztohtaçığızplease stop (plural/polite) | alatohtasınlaçıdo let them stop | ||
| Requests | sentohtamaçı2tohtamaçınplease don't stop | oltohtamasınçıdo let him not stop | siztohtamaçığızplease don't stop (plural/polite) | alatohtamasınlaçıdo let them not stop | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentohtağıntohtağımay you stop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentohtamağıntohtamağımay you not stop | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentohtağay edim tohtağa edimwould that I stopped | sentohtağay ediŋ tohtağa ediŋwould that you stopped | oltohtağay edi tohtağa ediwould that he stopped | biztohtağay edik tohtağa edikwould that we stopped | siztohtağay edigiz tohtağa edigizwould that you all stopped | alatohtağay edile tohtağa edilewould that they stopped |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentohtamağay edim tohtamağa edimwould that I did not stop | sentohtamağay ediŋ tohtamağa ediŋwould that you did not stop | oltohtamağay edi tohtamağa ediwould that he did not stop | biztohtamağay edik tohtamağa edikwould that we did not stop | siztohtamağay edigiz tohtamağa edigizwould that you all did not stop | alatohtamağay edile tohtamağa edilewould that they did not stop |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentohtamağa qoyayımtohtama qoyayımlet me allow someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoy!tohtama qoy!let someone stop! | oltohtamağa qoysuntohtama qoysunlet him allow someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoyayıqtohtama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoyuğuz!tohtama qoyuğuz!let someone stop, you all! | alatohtamağa qoysunlatohtama qoysunlalet them allow someone to stop |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentohtamağa qoymayımtohtama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoyma!tohtama qoyma!don't let someone stop! | oltohtamağa qoymasıntohtama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoymayıqtohtama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoymağız!tohtama qoymağız!don't let someone stop, you all! | alatohtamağa qoymasınlatohtama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to stop |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentohtamağa qoyayımmı?tohtama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoysunmu?tohtama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoyayıqmı?tohtama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoysunlamı?tohtama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to stop? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentohtamağa qoymayımmı?tohtama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoymasınmı?tohtama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoymayıqmı?tohtama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoymasınlamı?tohtama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to stop? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentohtamağa qoyamatohtama qoyamaI allow someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoyasatohtama qoyasayou allow someone to stop | oltohtamağa qoyadıtohtama qoyadıhe allows someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoyabıztohtama qoyabızwe allow someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoyasıztohtama qoyasızyou all allow someone to stop | alatohtamağa qoyadılatohtama qoyadılathey allow someone to stop |
| Let someone… (present) | mentohtamağa qoymaymatohtama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoymaysatohtama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to stop | oltohtamağa qoymaydıtohtama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoymaybıztohtama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoymaysıztohtama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to stop | alatohtamağa qoymaydılatohtama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to stop |
| Let someone… (present) | mentohtamağa qoyamamı?tohtama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to stop? | sentohtamağa qoyamısa?tohtama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoyamıdı?tohtama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoyabızmı?tohtama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to stop? | siztohtamağa qoyamısız?tohtama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoyamıdıla?tohtama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to stop? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentohtamağa qoymaymamı?tohtama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to stop? | sentohtamağa qoymaymısa?tohtama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoymaymıdı?tohtama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoymaybızmı?tohtama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to stop? | siztohtamağa qoymaymısız?tohtama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoymaymıdıla?tohtama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to stop? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentohtamağa qoydumtohtama qoydumI allowed someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoyduŋtohtama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to stop | oltohtamağa qoydutohtama qoyduhe allowed someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoyduqtohtama qoyduqwe allowed someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoyduğuztohtama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to stop | alatohtamağa qoydulatohtama qoydulathey allowed someone to stop |
| Let someone… (past) | mentohtamağa qoymadımtohtama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to stop | sentohtamağa qoymadıŋtohtama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to stop | oltohtamağa qoymadıtohtama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to stop | biztohtamağa qoymadıqtohtama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to stop | siztohtamağa qoymadığıztohtama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to stop | alatohtamağa qoymadılatohtama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to stop |
| Let someone… (past) | mentohtamağa qoydummu?tohtama qoydummu?did I allow someone to stop? | sentohtamağa qoyduŋmu?tohtama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoydumu?tohtama qoydumu?did he allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoyduqmu?tohtama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to stop? | siztohtamağa qoyduğuzmu?tohtama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoydulamı?tohtama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to stop? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentohtamağa qoymadımmı?tohtama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to stop? | sentohtamağa qoymadıŋmı?tohtama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to stop? | oltohtamağa qoymadımı?tohtama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to stop? | biztohtamağa qoymadıqmı?tohtama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to stop? | siztohtamağa qoymadığızmı?tohtama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to stop? | alatohtamağa qoymadılamı?tohtama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to stop? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tohtayalırğa be able to stop · tohtayalmazğa be unable to stop
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentohtayalamaI can stop | sentohtayalasayou can stop | oltohtayaladıhe can stop | biztohtayalabızwe can stop | siztohtayalasızyou all can stop | alatohtayaladılathey can stop |
| Ability — present | mentohtayalmaymaI can't stop | sentohtayalmaysayou can't stop | oltohtayalmaydıhe can't stop | biztohtayalmaybızwe can't stop | siztohtayalmaysızyou all can't stop | alatohtayalmaydılathey can't stop |
| Ability — present | mentohtayalamamı? tohtayalamıma?can I stop? | sentohtayalamısa?can you stop? | oltohtayalamıdı?can he stop? | biztohtayalabızmı? tohtayalamıbız?can we stop? | siztohtayalamısız?can you all stop? | alatohtayalamıdıla?can they stop? |
| Ability — present | mentohtayalmaymamı? tohtayalmaymıma?can't I stop? | sentohtayalmaymısa?can't you stop? | oltohtayalmaymıdı?can't he stop? | biztohtayalmaybızmı? tohtayalmaymıbız?can't we stop? | siztohtayalmaymısız?can't you all stop? | alatohtayalmaymıdıla?can't they stop? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentohtayalsamif I can stop | sentohtayalsaŋif you can stop | oltohtayalsaif he can stop | biztohtayalsaqif we can stop | siztohtayalsağızif you all can stop | alatohtayalsalaif they can stop |
| Ability — if I can… | mentohtayalmasamif I can't stop | sentohtayalmasaŋif you can't stop | oltohtayalmasaif he can't stop | biztohtayalmasaqif we can't stop | siztohtayalmasağızif you all can't stop | alatohtayalmasalaif they can't stop |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentohtayaldımI was able to stop | sentohtayaldıŋyou were able to stop | oltohtayaldıhe was able to stop | biztohtayaldıqwe were able to stop | siztohtayaldığızyou all were able to stop | alatohtayaldılathey were able to stop |
| Ability — simple past | mentohtayalmadımI could not stop | sentohtayalmadıŋyou could not stop | oltohtayalmadıhe could not stop | biztohtayalmadıqwe could not stop | siztohtayalmadığızyou all could not stop | alatohtayalmadılathey could not stop |
| Ability — simple past | mentohtayaldımmı?was I able to stop? | sentohtayaldıŋmı?were you able to stop? | oltohtayaldımı?was he able to stop? | biztohtayaldıqmı?were we able to stop? | siztohtayaldığızmı?were you all able to stop? | alatohtayaldılamı?were they able to stop? |
| Ability — simple past | mentohtayalmadımmı?couldn't I stop? | sentohtayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you stop? | oltohtayalmadımı?couldn't he stop? | biztohtayalmadıqmı?couldn't we stop? | siztohtayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all stop? | alatohtayalmadılamı?couldn't they stop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentohtayalğanmaI have been able to stop | sentohtayalğansayou have been able to stop | oltohtayalğandıhe has been able to stop | biztohtayalğanbızwe have been able to stop | siztohtayalğansızyou all have been able to stop | alatohtayalğandılathey have been able to stop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentohtayalmağanmaI haven't been able to stop | sentohtayalmağansayou haven't been able to stop | oltohtayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to stop | biztohtayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to stop | siztohtayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to stop | alatohtayalmağandılathey haven't been able to stop |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentohtayalğanmamı? tohtayalğanmıma?have I been able to stop? | sentohtayalğanmısa?have you been able to stop? | oltohtayalğanmıdı?has he been able to stop? | biztohtayalğanbızmı? tohtayalğanmıbız?have we been able to stop? | siztohtayalğanmısız?have you all been able to stop? | alatohtayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to stop? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentohtayalmağanmamı? tohtayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to stop? | sentohtayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to stop? | oltohtayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to stop? | biztohtayalmağanbızmı? tohtayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to stop? | siztohtayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to stop? | alatohtayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to stop? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentohtayalğan edimtohtayalğanemI had been able to stop | sentohtayalğan ediŋtohtayalğaneŋyou had been able to stop | oltohtayalğan editohtayalğanedhe had been able to stop | biztohtayalğan ediktohtayalğanekwe had been able to stop | siztohtayalğan edigiztohtayalğanegizyou all had been able to stop | alatohtayalğan ediletohtayalğanellethey had been able to stop |
| Ability — past perfect | mentohtayalmağan edimtohtayalmağanemI hadn't been able to stop | sentohtayalmağan ediŋtohtayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to stop | oltohtayalmağan editohtayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to stop | biztohtayalmağan ediktohtayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to stop | siztohtayalmağan edigiztohtayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to stop | alatohtayalmağan ediletohtayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to stop |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentohtayala edimtohtayalaemI could stop | sentohtayala ediŋtohtayalaeŋyou could stop | oltohtayala editohtayalaedhe could stop | biztohtayala ediktohtayalaekwe could stop | siztohtayala edigiztohtayalaegizyou all could stop | alatohtayala ediletohtayalaellethey could stop |
| Ability — past background | mentohtayalmay edimtohtayalmayemI could not stop | sentohtayalmay ediŋtohtayalmayeŋyou could not stop | oltohtayalmay editohtayalmayedhe could not stop | biztohtayalmay ediktohtayalmayekwe could not stop | siztohtayalmay edigiztohtayalmayegizyou all could not stop | alatohtayalmay ediletohtayalmayellethey could not stop |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentohtayalırmaI will be able to stop | sentohtayalırsayou will be able to stop | oltohtayalırhe will be able to stop | biztohtayalırbızwe will be able to stop | siztohtayalırsızyou all will be able to stop | alatohtayalırlathey will be able to stop |
| Ability — future I | mentohtayalmazmaI won't be able to stop | sentohtayalmazsayou won't be able to stop | oltohtayalmazhe won't be able to stop | biztohtayalmazbızwe won't be able to stop | siztohtayalmazsızyou all won't be able to stop | alatohtayalmazlathey won't be able to stop |
| Ability — future I | mentohtayalırmamı? tohtayalırmıma?will I be able to stop? | sentohtayalırmısa?will you be able to stop? | oltohtayalırmı?will he be able to stop? | biztohtayalırbızmı? tohtayalırmıbız?will we be able to stop? | siztohtayalırmısız?will you all be able to stop? | alatohtayalırlamı? tohtayalırmıla?will they be able to stop? |
| Ability — future I | mentohtayalmazmamı? tohtayalmazmıma?won't I be able to stop? | sentohtayalmazmısa?won't you be able to stop? | oltohtayalmazmı?won't he be able to stop? | biztohtayalmazbızmı? tohtayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to stop? | siztohtayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to stop? | alatohtayalmazlamı? tohtayalmazmıla?won't they be able to stop? |
| Ability — future II | mentohtayallıqmaI am going to be able to stop | sentohtayallıqsayou are going to be able to stop | oltohtayallıqdıhe is going to be able to stop | biztohtayallıqbızwe are going to be able to stop | siztohtayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to stop | alatohtayallıqdılathey are going to be able to stop |
| Ability — future II | mentohtayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to stop | sentohtayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to stop | oltohtayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to stop | biztohtayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to stop | siztohtayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to stop | alatohtayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to stop |
| Ability — future II | mentohtayallıqmamı? tohtayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to stop? | sentohtayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to stop? | oltohtayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to stop? | biztohtayallıqbızmı? tohtayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to stop? | siztohtayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to stop? | alatohtayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to stop? |
| Ability — future II | mentohtayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to stop? | sentohtayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to stop? | oltohtayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to stop? | biztohtayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to stop? | siztohtayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to stop? | alatohtayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to stop? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentohtayalır edimtohtayalır emI would be able to stop | sentohtayalır ediŋtohtayalır eŋyou would be able to stop | oltohtayalır editohtayalır edhe would be able to stop | biztohtayalır ediktohtayalır ekwe would be able to stop | siztohtayalır edigiztohtayalır egizyou all would be able to stop | alatohtayalır ediletohtayalır ellethey would be able to stop |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentohtayalmaz edimtohtayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to stop | sentohtayalmaz ediŋtohtayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to stop | oltohtayalmaz editohtayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to stop | biztohtayalmaz ediktohtayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to stop | siztohtayalmaz edigiztohtayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to stop | alatohtayalmaz ediletohtayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to stop |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentohtayalğıntohtayalğımay you be able to stop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentohtayalmağıntohtayalmağımay you not be able to stop | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentohtarğa izleymeI want to stop | sentohtarğa izleyseyou want to stop | oltohtarğa izleydihe wants to stop | biztohtarğa izleybizwe want to stop | siztohtarğa izleysizyou all want to stop | alatohtarğa izleydilethey want to stop |
| want to | mentohtarğa izlemeymeI do not want to stop | sentohtarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to stop | oltohtarğa izlemeydihe does not want to stop | biztohtarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to stop | siztohtarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to stop | alatohtarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to stop |
| would like to | mentohtarğa süemeI would like to stop | sentohtarğa süeseyou would like to stop | oltohtarğa süedihe would like to stop | biztohtarğa süebizwe would like to stop | siztohtarğa süesizyou all would like to stop | alatohtarğa süedilethey would like to stop |
| would like to | mentohtarğa süymeymeI would not like to stop | sentohtarğa süymeyseyou would not like to stop | oltohtarğa süymeydihe would not like to stop | biztohtarğa süymeybizwe would not like to stop | siztohtarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to stop | alatohtarğa süymeydilethey would not like to stop |
| hope to | mentohtarğa umutlanamaI hope to stop | sentohtarğa umutlanasayou hope to stop | oltohtarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to stop | biztohtarğa umutlanabızwe hope to stop | siztohtarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to stop | alatohtarğa umutlanadılathey hope to stop |
| hope to | mentohtarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to stop | sentohtarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to stop | oltohtarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to stop | biztohtarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to stop | siztohtarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to stop | alatohtarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to stop |
| be about to | mentohtarğa deb turamaI am about to stop | sentohtarğa deb turasayou are about to stop | oltohtarğa deb turadıhe is about to stop | biztohtarğa deb turabızwe are about to stop | siztohtarğa deb turasızyou all are about to stop | alatohtarğa deb turadılathey are about to stop |
| be about to | mentohtarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to stop | sentohtarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to stop | oltohtarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to stop | biztohtarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to stop | siztohtarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to stop | alatohtarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to stop |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentohtarğa kerekmeI need to stop | sentohtarğa kerekseyou need to stop | oltohtarğa kerekdihe needs to stop | biztohtarğa kerekbizwe need to stop | siztohtarğa kereksizyou all need to stop | alatohtarğa kerekdilethey need to stop |
| need to | mentohtarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to stop | sentohtarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to stop | oltohtarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to stop | biztohtarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to stop | siztohtarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to stop | alatohtarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to stop |
| have to | menmenŋe tohtarğa tüşediI have to stop | sensenŋe tohtarğa tüşediyou have to stop | olaŋa tohtarğa tüşedihe has to stop | bizbizge tohtarğa tüşediwe have to stop | sizsizge tohtarğa tüşediyou all have to stop | alaalağa tohtarğa tüşedithey have to stop |
| have to | menmenŋe tohtarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to stop | sensenŋe tohtarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to stop | olaŋa tohtarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to stop | bizbizge tohtarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to stop | sizsizge tohtarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to stop | alaalağa tohtarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to stop |
| be obliged to | mentohtarğa borçlumaI am obliged to stop | sentohtarğa borçlusayou are obliged to stop | oltohtarğa borçluduhe is obliged to stop | biztohtarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to stop | siztohtarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to stop | alatohtarğa borçludulathey are obliged to stop |
| be obliged to | mentohtarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to stop | sentohtarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to stop | oltohtarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to stop | biztohtarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to stop | siztohtarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to stop | alatohtarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to stop |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentohtarğa madarım bardıI have a way to stop | sentohtarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to stop | oltohtarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to stop | biztohtarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to stop | siztohtarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to stop | alatohtarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to stop |
| have a way to | mentohtarğa madarım joqduI have no way to stop | sentohtarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to stop | oltohtarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to stop | biztohtarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to stop | siztohtarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to stop | alatohtarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to stop |
| be free to | mentohtarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to stop | sentohtarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to stop | oltohtarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to stop | biztohtarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to stop | siztohtarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to stop | alatohtarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to stop |
| be free to | mentohtarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to stop | sentohtarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to stop | oltohtarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to stop | biztohtarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to stop | siztohtarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to stop | alatohtarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to stop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to stop | sensenŋe tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to stop | olaŋa tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to stop | bizbizge tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to stop | sizsizge tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to stop | alaalağa tohtarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to stop |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to stop | sensenŋe tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to stop | olaŋa tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to stop | bizbizge tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to stop | sizsizge tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to stop | alaalağa tohtarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to stop |
| be ready to | mentohtarğa hazırmaI am ready to stop | sentohtarğa hazırsayou are ready to stop | oltohtarğa hazırdıhe is ready to stop | biztohtarğa hazırbızwe are ready to stop | siztohtarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to stop | alatohtarğa hazırdılathey are ready to stop |
| be ready to | mentohtarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to stop | sentohtarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to stop | oltohtarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to stop | biztohtarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to stop | siztohtarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to stop | alatohtarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to stop |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentohtarğa küreşemeI am trying to stop | sentohtarğa küreşeseyou are trying to stop | oltohtarğa küreşedihe is trying to stop | biztohtarğa küreşebizwe are trying to stop | siztohtarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to stop | alatohtarğa küreşedilethey are trying to stop |
| try to | mentohtarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to stop | sentohtarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to stop | oltohtarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to stop | biztohtarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to stop | siztohtarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to stop | alatohtarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to stop |
| agree to | mentohtarğa unaymaI agree to stop | sentohtarğa unaysayou agree to stop | oltohtarğa unaydıhe agrees to stop | biztohtarğa unaybızwe agree to stop | siztohtarğa unaysızyou all agree to stop | alatohtarğa unaydılathey agree to stop |
| agree to | mentohtarğa unamaymaI refuse to stop | sentohtarğa unamaysayou refuse to stop | oltohtarğa unamaydıhe refuses to stop | biztohtarğa unamaybızwe refuse to stop | siztohtarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to stop | alatohtarğa unamaydılathey refuse to stop |
| hurry to | mentohtarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to stop | sentohtarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to stop | oltohtarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to stop | biztohtarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to stop | siztohtarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to stop | alatohtarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to stop |
| hurry to | mentohtarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to stop | sentohtarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to stop | oltohtarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to stop | biztohtarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to stop | siztohtarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to stop | alatohtarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to stop |
| be afraid to | mentohtarğa qorqamaI am afraid to stop | sentohtarğa qorqasayou are afraid to stop | oltohtarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to stop | biztohtarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to stop | siztohtarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to stop | alatohtarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to stop |
| be afraid to | mentohtarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to stop | sentohtarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to stop | oltohtarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to stop | biztohtarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to stop | siztohtarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to stop | alatohtarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to stop |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentohtay bolmazmaI can't be stopping | sentohtay bolmazsayou can't be stopping | oltohtay bolmazhe can't be stopping | biztohtay bolmazbızwe can't be stopping | siztohtay bolmazsızyou all can't be stopping | alatohtay bolmazlathey can't be stopping |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentohtamay bolmazmaI must be stopping (emphatic) | sentohtamay bolmazsayou must be stopping (emphatic) | oltohtamay bolmazhe must be stopping (emphatic) | biztohtamay bolmazbızwe must be stopping (emphatic) | siztohtamay bolmazsızyou all must be stopping (emphatic) | alatohtamay bolmazlathey must be stopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentohtay turmasamif I don't keep stopping | sentohtay turmasaŋif you don't keep stopping | oltohtay turmasaif he doesn't keep stopping | biztohtay turmasaqif we don't keep stopping | siztohtay turmasağızif you all don't keep stopping | alatohtay turmasalaif they don't keep stopping |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentohtay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of stopping | sentohtay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of stopping | oltohtay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of stopping | biztohtay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of stopping | siztohtay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of stopping | alatohtay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of stopping |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentohtamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not stopping (emphatic) | sentohtamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not stopping (emphatic) | oltohtamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not stopping (emphatic) | biztohtamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not stopping (emphatic) | siztohtamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not stopping (emphatic) | alatohtamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not stopping (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentohtamay turamaI keep on not stopping | sentohtamay turasayou keep on not stopping | oltohtamay turadıhe keeps on not stopping | biztohtamay turabızwe keep on not stopping | siztohtamay turasızyou all keep on not stopping | alatohtamay turadılathey keep on not stopping |
| Progressive — double negation | mentohtamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not stopping | sentohtamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not stopping | oltohtamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not stopping | biztohtamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not stopping | siztohtamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not stopping | alatohtamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not stopping |
| Progressive — double negation | mentohtamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not stopping? | sentohtamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not stopping? | oltohtamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not stopping? | biztohtamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not stopping? | siztohtamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not stopping? | alatohtamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not stopping? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentohtağan bolmazmaI can't have stopped | sentohtağan bolmazsayou can't have stopped | oltohtağan bolmazhe can't have stopped | biztohtağan bolmazbızwe can't have stopped | siztohtağan bolmazsızyou all can't have stopped | alatohtağan bolmazlathey can't have stopped |
| Inference — double negation | mentohtamağan bolmazmaI must have stopped (emphatic) | sentohtamağan bolmazsayou must have stopped (emphatic) | oltohtamağan bolmazhe must have stopped (emphatic) | biztohtamağan bolmazbızwe must have stopped (emphatic) | siztohtamağan bolmazsızyou all must have stopped (emphatic) | alatohtamağan bolmazlathey must have stopped (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentohtağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had stopped | sentohtağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had stopped | oltohtağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had stopped | biztohtağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had stopped | siztohtağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had stopped | alatohtağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had stopped |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentohtamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't stopped | sentohtamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't stopped | oltohtamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't stopped | biztohtamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't stopped | siztohtamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't stopped | alatohtamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't stopped |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentohtarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to stop | sentohtarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to stop | oltohtarıq bolmazhe can't be going to stop | biztohtarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to stop | siztohtarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to stop | alatohtarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to stop |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentohtamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to stop (emphatic) | sentohtamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to stop (emphatic) | oltohtamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to stop (emphatic) | biztohtamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to stop (emphatic) | siztohtamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to stop (emphatic) | alatohtamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to stop (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentohtarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to stop | sentohtarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to stop | oltohtarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to stop | biztohtarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to stop | siztohtarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to stop | alatohtarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to stop |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentohtamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to stop | sentohtamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to stop | oltohtamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to stop | biztohtamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to stop | siztohtamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to stop | alatohtamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to stop |