suwururğa
/suwururʁa/
1. string, thread onto a string
- mınçaqlağa halı suwururğa — to string beads on a thread
- qız mınçaqların suwuradı — the girl is stringing her beads
- men mınçaqlağa halı suwurub turama — I am stringing beads on a thread
2. thread (a needle), pass through a hole (a thread or lace)
- iynege halı suwururğa — to thread a needle
- anam iynege halı suwurdu — my mother threaded the needle
- şıntagını iynege suwuralmay küreşedi — struggles, unable to thread her thread through the needle
- botinkalağa bawla suwururğa — to thread laces into boots
- suwurub ierge — to thread it through
3. pull out, draw out, extract one source
- qurç qılıçın qınından suwurğan edi — had drawn its steel sword from its sheath
- qılıçın suwurdu — he drew his sword
- bıçağın suwururğa — to draw one's knife
- anı tişin suwurdula — they pulled out his tooth
4. winnow (grain)
- mürzew suwururğa — to winnow grain
- arpanı suwurduq — we winnowed the barley
- ındırda jaşla buday suwura turadıla — the boys are winnowing wheat on the threshing floor
- budaynı suwurdula — they winnowed the wheat
- arpanı suwururğa — to winnow the barley
5. carry off, blow away (of wind or a storm)
- jel qarnı suwuradı — the wind is blowing the snow about
- jel biçenni suwurdu — the wind carried the hay off
- boran üynü başın suwurdu — the storm tore the roof off the house
6. be windy, be bitterly cold — Impersonal, in the third person singular (suwuradı), about the weather. one source
- suwuradı — it is windy
- bügün bek suwuradı — it is very windy today
- tışında suwuradı — it is windy outside
Expressions
- burunundan suwurub alırğa — extort by force
- iynege halı suwura bilmezge — cannot sew
- janın suwurub alırğa — kill without hesitation
- jilyan tilin suwurğanlay — speak sweetly
Conjugation
Common forms
- suwuradıhe is stringing
- suwurduhe strung
- suwurğandıhe has strung
- suwururhe will string
- suwurluqduhe is going to string
- suwura edihe was stringing
- suwursaif he strings
- suwur!string!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensuwuramaI am stringing | sensuwurasayou are stringing | olsuwuradıhe is stringing | bizsuwurabızwe are stringing | sizsuwurasızyou all are stringing | alasuwuradılathey are stringing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensuwurmaymaI am not stringing | sensuwurmaysayou are not stringing | olsuwurmaydıhe is not stringing | bizsuwurmaybızwe are not stringing | sizsuwurmaysızyou all are not stringing | alasuwurmaydılathey are not stringing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensuwuramamı? suwuramıma?am I stringing? | sensuwuramısa?are you stringing? | olsuwuramıdı?is he stringing? | bizsuwurabızmı? suwuramıbız?are we stringing? | sizsuwuramısız?are you all stringing? | alasuwuramıdıla?are they stringing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensuwurmaymamı? suwurmaymıma?aren't I stringing? | sensuwurmaymısa?aren't you stringing? | olsuwurmaymıdı?isn't he stringing? | bizsuwurmaybızmı? suwurmaymıbız?aren't we stringing? | sizsuwurmaymısız?aren't you all stringing? | alasuwurmaymıdıla?aren't they stringing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensuwuruwçanmaI usually string | sensuwuruwçansayou usually string | olsuwuruwçandıhe usually strings | bizsuwuruwçanbızwe usually string | sizsuwuruwçansızyou all usually string | alasuwuruwçandılathey usually string |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensuwurmawçanmaI usually don't string | sensuwurmawçansayou usually don't string | olsuwurmawçandıhe usually doesn't string | bizsuwurmawçanbızwe usually don't string | sizsuwurmawçansızyou all usually don't string | alasuwurmawçandılathey usually don't string |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensuwuruwçanmamı? suwuruwçanmıma?do I usually string? | sensuwuruwçanmısa?do you usually string? | olsuwuruwçanmıdı?does he usually string? | bizsuwuruwçanbızmı? suwuruwçanmıbız?do we usually string? | sizsuwuruwçanmısız?do you all usually string? | alasuwuruwçanmıdıla?do they usually string? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensuwurmawçanmamı? suwurmawçanmıma?do I usually not string? | sensuwurmawçanmısa?do you usually not string? | olsuwurmawçanmıdı?does he usually not string? | bizsuwurmawçanbızmı? suwurmawçanmıbız?do we usually not string? | sizsuwurmawçanmısız?do you all usually not string? | alasuwurmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not string? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsuwurubduhe has strung and remains so | alasuwurubdulathey have strung and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsuwurubmudu?has he strung? | alasuwurubmudula?have they strung? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensuwurub turamaI keep stringing | sensuwurub turasayou keep stringing | olsuwurub turadıhe keeps stringing | bizsuwurub turabızwe keep stringing | sizsuwurub turasızyou all keep stringing | alasuwurub turadılathey keep stringing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensuwurub turmaymaI don't keep stringing | sensuwurub turmaysayou don't keep stringing | olsuwurub turmaydıhe doesn't keep stringing | bizsuwurub turmaybızwe don't keep stringing | sizsuwurub turmaysızyou all don't keep stringing | alasuwurub turmaydılathey don't keep stringing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensuwurub turamamı? suwurub turamıma?do I keep stringing? | sensuwurub turamısa?do you keep stringing? | olsuwurub turamıdı?does he keep stringing? | bizsuwurub turabızmı? suwurub turamıbız?do we keep stringing? | sizsuwurub turamısız?do you all keep stringing? | alasuwurub turamıdıla?do they keep stringing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensuwurub turmaymamı? suwurub turmaymıma?don't I keep stringing? | sensuwurub turmaymısa?don't you keep stringing? | olsuwurub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep stringing? | bizsuwurub turmaybızmı? suwurub turmaymıbız?don't we keep stringing? | sizsuwurub turmaymısız?don't you all keep stringing? | alasuwurub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep stringing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensuwura turamaI am in the middle of stringing | sensuwura turasayou are in the middle of stringing | olsuwura turadıhe is in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura turabızwe are in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura turasızyou all are in the middle of stringing | alasuwura turadılathey are in the middle of stringing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensuwura turmaymaI am not in the middle of stringing | sensuwura turmaysayou are not in the middle of stringing | olsuwura turmaydıhe is not in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura turmaybızwe are not in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of stringing | alasuwura turmaydılathey are not in the middle of stringing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensuwura turamamı? suwura turamıma?am I in the middle of stringing? | sensuwura turamısa?are you in the middle of stringing? | olsuwura turamıdı?is he in the middle of stringing? | bizsuwura turabızmı? suwura turamıbız?are we in the middle of stringing? | sizsuwura turamısız?are you all in the middle of stringing? | alasuwura turamıdıla?are they in the middle of stringing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensuwura turmaymamı? suwura turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of stringing? | sensuwura turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of stringing? | olsuwura turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of stringing? | bizsuwura turmaybızmı? suwura turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of stringing? | sizsuwura turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of stringing? | alasuwura turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of stringing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensuwurdumI strung | sensuwurduŋyou strung | olsuwurduhe strung | bizsuwurduqwe strung | sizsuwurduğuzyou all strung | alasuwurdulathey strung |
| Simple past (definite) | mensuwurmadımI didn't string | sensuwurmadıŋyou didn't string | olsuwurmadıhe didn't string | bizsuwurmadıqwe didn't string | sizsuwurmadığızyou all didn't string | alasuwurmadılathey didn't string |
| Simple past (definite) | mensuwurdummu?did I string? | sensuwurduŋmu?did you string? | olsuwurdumu?did he string? | bizsuwurduqmu?did we string? | sizsuwurduğuzmu?did you all string? | alasuwurdulamı?did they string? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensuwurmadımmı?didn't I string? | sensuwurmadıŋmı?didn't you string? | olsuwurmadımı?didn't he string? | bizsuwurmadıqmı?didn't we string? | sizsuwurmadığızmı?didn't you all string? | alasuwurmadılamı?didn't they string? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensuwurğanmaI have strung | sensuwurğansayou have strung | olsuwurğandıhe has strung | bizsuwurğanbızwe have strung | sizsuwurğansızyou all have strung | alasuwurğandılathey have strung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensuwurmağanmaI haven't strung | sensuwurmağansayou haven't strung | olsuwurmağandıhe hasn't strung | bizsuwurmağanbızwe haven't strung | sizsuwurmağansızyou all haven't strung | alasuwurmağandılathey haven't strung |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensuwurğanmamı? suwurğanmıma?have I strung? | sensuwurğanmısa?have you strung? | olsuwurğanmıdı?has he strung? | bizsuwurğanbızmı? suwurğanmıbız?have we strung? | sizsuwurğanmısız?have you all strung? | alasuwurğanmıdıla?have they strung? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensuwurmağanmamı? suwurmağanmıma?haven't I strung? | sensuwurmağanmısa?haven't you strung? | olsuwurmağanmıdı?hasn't he strung? | bizsuwurmağanbızmı? suwurmağanmıbız?haven't we strung? | sizsuwurmağanmısız?haven't you all strung? | alasuwurmağanmıdıla?haven't they strung? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensuwurub turdumI kept stringing | sensuwurub turduŋyou kept stringing | olsuwurub turduhe kept stringing | bizsuwurub turduqwe kept stringing | sizsuwurub turduğuzyou all kept stringing | alasuwurub turdulathey kept stringing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensuwurub turmadımI didn't keep stringing | sensuwurub turmadıŋyou didn't keep stringing | olsuwurub turmadıhe didn't keep stringing | bizsuwurub turmadıqwe didn't keep stringing | sizsuwurub turmadığızyou all didn't keep stringing | alasuwurub turmadılathey didn't keep stringing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensuwururmaI will string | sensuwurursayou will string | olsuwururhe will string | bizsuwururbuzwe will string | sizsuwurursuzyou all will string | alasuwururlathey will string |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensuwurmazmaI won't string | sensuwurmazsayou won't string | olsuwurmazhe won't string | bizsuwurmazbızwe won't string | sizsuwurmazsızyou all won't string | alasuwurmazlathey won't string |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensuwururmamı? suwururmuma?will I string? | sensuwururmusa?will you string? | olsuwururmu?will he string? | bizsuwururbuzmu? suwururmubuz?will we string? | sizsuwururmusuz?will you all string? | alasuwururlamı? suwururmula?will they string? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensuwurmazmamı? suwurmazmıma?won't I string? | sensuwurmazmısa?won't you string? | olsuwurmazmı?won't he string? | bizsuwurmazbızmı? suwurmazmıbız?won't we string? | sizsuwurmazmısız?won't you all string? | alasuwurmazlamı? suwurmazmıla?won't they string? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensuwurluqma1suwurruqmaI am going to string | sensuwurluqsa1suwurruqsayou are going to string | olsuwurluqdu1suwurruqduhe is going to string | bizsuwurluqbuz1suwurruqbuzwe are going to string | sizsuwurluqsuz1suwurruqsuzyou all are going to string | alasuwurluqdula1suwurruqdulathey are going to string |
| Definite future (future II) | mensuwurluq tülme1suwurruq tülmeI am not going to string | sensuwurluq tülse1suwurruq tülseyou are not going to string | olsuwurluq tüldü1suwurruq tüldühe is not going to string | bizsuwurluq tülbüz1suwurruq tülbüzwe are not going to string | sizsuwurluq tülsüz1suwurruq tülsüzyou all are not going to string | alasuwurluq tüldüle1suwurruq tüldülethey are not going to string |
| Definite future (future II) | mensuwurluqmamı?1 suwurluqmuma?suwurruqmamı?am I going to string? | sensuwurluqmusa?1suwurruqmusa?are you going to string? | olsuwurluqmudu?1suwurruqmudu?is he going to string? | bizsuwurluqbuzmu?1 suwurluqmubuz?suwurruqbuzmu?are we going to string? | sizsuwurluqmusuz?1suwurruqmusuz?are you all going to string? | alasuwurluqmudula?1suwurruqmudula?are they going to string? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensuwurluq tülmüme?1suwurruq tülmüme?aren't I going to string? | sensuwurluq tülmüse?1suwurruq tülmüse?aren't you going to string? | olsuwurluq tülmüdü?1suwurruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to string? | bizsuwurluq tülmübüz?1suwurruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to string? | sizsuwurluq tülmüsüz?1suwurruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to string? | alasuwurluq tülmüdüle?1suwurruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to string? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so suwurruqdu
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensuwurğan edimsuwurğanemI had strung | sensuwurğan ediŋsuwurğaneŋyou had strung | olsuwurğan edisuwurğanedhe had strung | bizsuwurğan ediksuwurğanekwe had strung | sizsuwurğan edigizsuwurğanegizyou all had strung | alasuwurğan edilesuwurğanellethey had strung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensuwurmağan edimsuwurmağanemI hadn't strung | sensuwurmağan ediŋsuwurmağaneŋyou hadn't strung | olsuwurmağan edisuwurmağanedhe hadn't strung | bizsuwurmağan ediksuwurmağanekwe hadn't strung | sizsuwurmağan edigizsuwurmağanegizyou all hadn't strung | alasuwurmağan edilesuwurmağanellethey hadn't strung |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensuwura edimsuwuraemI was stringing | sensuwura ediŋsuwuraeŋyou were stringing | olsuwura edisuwuraedhe was stringing | bizsuwura ediksuwuraekwe were stringing | sizsuwura edigizsuwuraegizyou all were stringing | alasuwura edilesuwuraellethey were stringing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensuwurmay edimsuwurmayemI wasn't stringing | sensuwurmay ediŋsuwurmayeŋyou weren't stringing | olsuwurmay edisuwurmayedhe wasn't stringing | bizsuwurmay ediksuwurmayekwe weren't stringing | sizsuwurmay edigizsuwurmayegizyou all weren't stringing | alasuwurmay edilesuwurmayellethey weren't stringing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensuwuruwçan edimsuwuruwçanemI used to string | sensuwuruwçan ediŋsuwuruwçaneŋyou used to string | olsuwuruwçan edisuwuruwçanedhe used to string | bizsuwuruwçan ediksuwuruwçanekwe used to string | sizsuwuruwçan edigizsuwuruwçanegizyou all used to string | alasuwuruwçan edilesuwuruwçanellethey used to string |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensuwurmawçan edimsuwurmawçanemI didn't use to string | sensuwurmawçan ediŋsuwurmawçaneŋyou didn't use to string | olsuwurmawçan edisuwurmawçanedhe didn't use to string | bizsuwurmawçan ediksuwurmawçanekwe didn't use to string | sizsuwurmawçan edigizsuwurmawçanegizyou all didn't use to string | alasuwurmawçan edilesuwurmawçanellethey didn't use to string |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsuwurub edihe had strung and remained so | alasuwurub edilethey had strung and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsuwurub tül edihe hadn't strung | alasuwurub tül edilethey hadn't strung | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensuwurub tura edimsuwurub turaemI had kept stringing | sensuwurub tura ediŋsuwurub turaeŋyou had kept stringing | olsuwurub tura edisuwurub turaedhe had kept stringing | bizsuwurub tura ediksuwurub turaekwe had kept stringing | sizsuwurub tura edigizsuwurub turaegizyou all had kept stringing | alasuwurub tura edilesuwurub turaellethey had kept stringing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensuwurub turmay edimsuwurub turmayemI hadn't kept stringing | sensuwurub turmay ediŋsuwurub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept stringing | olsuwurub turmay edisuwurub turmayedhe hadn't kept stringing | bizsuwurub turmay ediksuwurub turmayekwe hadn't kept stringing | sizsuwurub turmay edigizsuwurub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept stringing | alasuwurub turmay edilesuwurub turmayellethey hadn't kept stringing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensuwura tura edimsuwura turaemI was in the middle of stringing | sensuwura tura ediŋsuwura turaeŋyou were in the middle of stringing | olsuwura tura edisuwura turaedhe was in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura tura ediksuwura turaekwe were in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura tura edigizsuwura turaegizyou all were in the middle of stringing | alasuwura tura edilesuwura turaellethey were in the middle of stringing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensuwura turmay edimsuwura turmayemI wasn't in the middle of stringing | sensuwura turmay ediŋsuwura turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of stringing | olsuwura turmay edisuwura turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura turmay ediksuwura turmayekwe weren't in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura turmay edigizsuwura turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of stringing | alasuwura turmay edilesuwura turmayellethey weren't in the middle of stringing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensuwurur edimsuwurur emI would string | sensuwurur ediŋsuwurur eŋyou would string | olsuwurur edisuwurur edhe would string | bizsuwurur ediksuwurur ekwe would string | sizsuwurur edigizsuwurur egizyou all would string | alasuwurur edilesuwurur ellethey would string |
| Conditional result (would) | mensuwurmaz edimsuwurmaz emI wouldn't string | sensuwurmaz ediŋsuwurmaz eŋyou wouldn't string | olsuwurmaz edisuwurmaz edhe wouldn't string | bizsuwurmaz ediksuwurmaz ekwe wouldn't string | sizsuwurmaz edigizsuwurmaz egizyou all wouldn't string | alasuwurmaz edilesuwurmaz ellethey wouldn't string |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensuwurluq edim2suwurluq emsuwurruq edimI would have strung | sensuwurluq ediŋ2suwurluq eŋsuwurruq ediŋyou would have strung | olsuwurluq edi2suwurluq edsuwurruq edihe would have strung | bizsuwurluq edik2suwurluq eksuwurruq edikwe would have strung | sizsuwurluq edigiz2suwurluq egizsuwurruq edigizyou all would have strung | alasuwurluq edile2suwurluq ellesuwurruq edilethey would have strung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensuwurluq tül edim2suwurluq tül emsuwurruq tül edimI wouldn't have strung | sensuwurluq tül ediŋ2suwurluq tül eŋsuwurruq tül ediŋyou wouldn't have strung | olsuwurluq tül edi2suwurluq tül edsuwurruq tül edihe wouldn't have strung | bizsuwurluq tül edik2suwurluq tül eksuwurruq tül edikwe wouldn't have strung | sizsuwurluq tül edigiz2suwurluq tül egizsuwurruq tül edigizyou all wouldn't have strung | alasuwurluq tül edile2suwurluq tül ellesuwurruq tül edilethey wouldn't have strung |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so suwurruq edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensuwursamif I string | sensuwursaŋif you string | olsuwursaif he strings | bizsuwursaqif we string | sizsuwursağızif you all string | alasuwursalaif they string |
| Conditional | mensuwurmasamif I don't string | sensuwurmasaŋif you don't string | olsuwurmasaif he doesn't string | bizsuwurmasaqif we don't string | sizsuwurmasağızif you all don't string | alasuwurmasalaif they don't string |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensuwura esemif I am stringing | sensuwura eseŋif you are stringing | olsuwura eseif he is stringing | bizsuwura esekif we are stringing | sizsuwura esegizif you all are stringing | alasuwura eseleif they are stringing |
| Conditional, present real | mensuwurmay esemif I am not stringing | sensuwurmay eseŋif you are not stringing | olsuwurmay eseif he is not stringing | bizsuwurmay esekif we are not stringing | sizsuwurmay esegizif you all are not stringing | alasuwurmay eseleif they are not stringing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensuwursam edisuwursam edif only I strung | sensuwursaŋ edisuwursaŋ edif only you strung | olsuwursa edisuwursaedif only he strung | bizsuwursaq edisuwursaq edif only we strung | sizsuwursağız edisuwursağız edif only you all strung | alasuwursala edisuwursalaedif only they strung |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensuwurmasam edisuwurmasam edif only I didn't string | sensuwurmasaŋ edisuwurmasaŋ edif only you didn't string | olsuwurmasa edisuwurmasaedif only he didn't string | bizsuwurmasaq edisuwurmasaq edif only we didn't string | sizsuwurmasağız edisuwurmasağız edif only you all didn't string | alasuwurmasala edisuwurmasalaedif only they didn't string |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensuwurub tursamif I carry on stringing | sensuwurub tursaŋif you carry on stringing | olsuwurub tursaif he carries on stringing | bizsuwurub tursaqif we carry on stringing | sizsuwurub tursağızif you all carry on stringing | alasuwurub tursalaif they carry on stringing |
| Durative conditional | mensuwurub turmasamif I don't carry on stringing | sensuwurub turmasaŋif you don't carry on stringing | olsuwurub turmasaif he doesn't carry on stringing | bizsuwurub turmasaqif we don't carry on stringing | sizsuwurub turmasağızif you all don't carry on stringing | alasuwurub turmasalaif they don't carry on stringing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensuwurub tura esemif I have kept stringing | sensuwurub tura eseŋif you have kept stringing | olsuwurub tura eseif he has kept stringing | bizsuwurub tura esekif we have kept stringing | sizsuwurub tura esegizif you all have kept stringing | alasuwurub tura eseleif they have kept stringing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensuwurub turmay esemif I haven't kept stringing | sensuwurub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept stringing | olsuwurub turmay eseif he hasn't kept stringing | bizsuwurub turmay esekif we haven't kept stringing | sizsuwurub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept stringing | alasuwurub turmay eseleif they haven't kept stringing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensuwura tursamif I keep stringing | sensuwura tursaŋif you keep stringing | olsuwura tursaif he keeps stringing | bizsuwura tursaqif we keep stringing | sizsuwura tursağızif you all keep stringing | alasuwura tursalaif they keep stringing |
| Progressive conditional | mensuwurmay tursamif I keep on not stringing | sensuwurmay tursaŋif you keep on not stringing | olsuwurmay tursaif he keeps on not stringing | bizsuwurmay tursaqif we keep on not stringing | sizsuwurmay tursağızif you all keep on not stringing | alasuwurmay tursalaif they keep on not stringing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensuwura tura esemif I am in the middle of stringing | sensuwura tura eseŋif you are in the middle of stringing | olsuwura tura eseif he is in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura tura esekif we are in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura tura esegizif you all are in the middle of stringing | alasuwura tura eseleif they are in the middle of stringing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensuwurmay tura esemif I keep on not stringing | sensuwurmay tura eseŋif you keep on not stringing | olsuwurmay tura eseif he keeps on not stringing | bizsuwurmay tura esekif we keep on not stringing | sizsuwurmay tura esegizif you all keep on not stringing | alasuwurmay tura eseleif they keep on not stringing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | mensuwurdum esemif I strung | sensuwurduŋ eseŋif you strung | olsuwurdu eseif he strung | bizsuwurduq esekif we strung | sizsuwurduğuz esegizif you all strung | alasuwurdula eseleif they strung |
| Conditional, definite past3 | mensuwurmadım esemif I didn't string | sensuwurmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't string | olsuwurmadı eseif he didn't string | bizsuwurmadıq esekif we didn't string | sizsuwurmadığız esegizif you all didn't string | alasuwurmadıla eseleif they didn't string |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensuwurğan esemif I did string (indeed) | sensuwurğan eseŋif you did string (indeed) | olsuwurğan eseif he did string (indeed) | bizsuwurğan esekif we did string (indeed) | sizsuwurğan esegizif you all did string (indeed) | alasuwurğan eseleif they did string (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensuwurmağan esemif I didn't string (indeed) | sensuwurmağan eseŋif you didn't string (indeed) | olsuwurmağan eseif he didn't string (indeed) | bizsuwurmağan esekif we didn't string (indeed) | sizsuwurmağan esegizif you all didn't string (indeed) | alasuwurmağan eseleif they didn't string (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensuwurğan bolsamif I had strung | sensuwurğan bolsaŋif you had strung | olsuwurğan bolsaif he had strung | bizsuwurğan bolsaqif we had strung | sizsuwurğan bolsağızif you all had strung | alasuwurğan bolsalaif they had strung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensuwurmağan bolsamif I hadn't strung | sensuwurmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't strung | olsuwurmağan bolsaif he hadn't strung | bizsuwurmağan bolsaqif we hadn't strung | sizsuwurmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't strung | alasuwurmağan bolsalaif they hadn't strung |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensuwurğan bolsam edisuwurğan bolsam edif only I had strung | sensuwurğan bolsaŋ edisuwurğan bolsaŋ edif only you had strung | olsuwurğan bolsa edisuwurğan bolsaedif only he had strung | bizsuwurğan bolsaq edisuwurğan bolsaq edif only we had strung | sizsuwurğan bolsağız edisuwurğan bolsağız edif only you all had strung | alasuwurğan bolsala edisuwurğan bolsalaedif only they had strung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensuwurmağan bolsam edisuwurmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't strung | sensuwurmağan bolsaŋ edisuwurmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't strung | olsuwurmağan bolsa edisuwurmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't strung | bizsuwurmağan bolsaq edisuwurmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't strung | sizsuwurmağan bolsağız edisuwurmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't strung | alasuwurmağan bolsala edisuwurmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't strung |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensuwurur esemif I will string | sensuwurur eseŋif you will string | olsuwurur eseif he will string | bizsuwurur esekif we will string | sizsuwurur esegizif you all will string | alasuwurur eseleif they will string |
| Conditional, aorist | mensuwurmaz esemif I won't string | sensuwurmaz eseŋif you won't string | olsuwurmaz eseif he won't string | bizsuwurmaz esekif we won't string | sizsuwurmaz esegizif you all won't string | alasuwurmaz eseleif they won't string |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensuwurluq esem4suwurruq esemif I am going to string | sensuwurluq eseŋ4suwurruq eseŋif you are going to string | olsuwurluq ese4suwurruq eseif he is going to string | bizsuwurluq esek4suwurruq esekif we are going to string | sizsuwurluq esegiz4suwurruq esegizif you all are going to string | alasuwurluq esele4suwurruq eseleif they are going to string |
| Conditional, future | mensuwurluq tül esem4suwurruq tül esemif I am not going to string | sensuwurluq tül eseŋ4suwurruq tül eseŋif you are not going to string | olsuwurluq tül ese4suwurruq tül eseif he is not going to string | bizsuwurluq tül esek4suwurruq tül esekif we are not going to string | sizsuwurluq tül esegiz4suwurruq tül esegizif you all are not going to string | alasuwurluq tül esele4suwurruq tül eseleif they are not going to string |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensuwurluq bolsam5suwurruq bolsamif I were going to string | sensuwurluq bolsaŋ5suwurruq bolsaŋif you were going to string | olsuwurluq bolsa5suwurruq bolsaif he were going to string | bizsuwurluq bolsaq5suwurruq bolsaqif we were going to string | sizsuwurluq bolsağız5suwurruq bolsağızif you all were going to string | alasuwurluq bolsala5suwurruq bolsalaif they were going to string |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensuwurmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to string | sensuwurmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to string | olsuwurmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to string | bizsuwurmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to string | sizsuwurmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to string | alasuwurmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to string |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso suwurduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so suwurruq ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so suwurruq bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensuwura bolurmaI must be stringing | sensuwura bolursayou must be stringing | olsuwura bolurhe must be stringing | bizsuwura bolurbuzwe must be stringing | sizsuwura bolursuzyou all must be stringing | alasuwura bolurlathey must be stringing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensuwurmay bolurmaI must not be stringing | sensuwurmay bolursayou must not be stringing | olsuwurmay bolurhe must not be stringing | bizsuwurmay bolurbuzwe must not be stringing | sizsuwurmay bolursuzyou all must not be stringing | alasuwurmay bolurlathey must not be stringing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensuwura tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of stringing | sensuwura tura bolursayou must be in the middle of stringing | olsuwura tura bolurhe must be in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of stringing | alasuwura tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of stringing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensuwurmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not stringing | sensuwurmay tura bolursayou must keep on not stringing | olsuwurmay tura bolurhe must keep on not stringing | bizsuwurmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not stringing | sizsuwurmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not stringing | alasuwurmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not stringing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensuwurğan bolurmaI must have strung | sensuwurğan bolursayou must have strung | olsuwurğan bolurhe must have strung | bizsuwurğan bolurbuzwe must have strung | sizsuwurğan bolursuzyou all must have strung | alasuwurğan bolurlathey must have strung |
| Inference (must have) | mensuwurmağan bolurmaI must not have strung | sensuwurmağan bolursayou must not have strung | olsuwurmağan bolurhe must not have strung | bizsuwurmağan bolurbuzwe must not have strung | sizsuwurmağan bolursuzyou all must not have strung | alasuwurmağan bolurlathey must not have strung |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensuwurluq bolurma6suwurruq bolurmaI must be going to string | sensuwurluq bolursa6suwurruq bolursayou must be going to string | olsuwurluq bolur6suwurruq bolurhe must be going to string | bizsuwurluq bolurbuz6suwurruq bolurbuzwe must be going to string | sizsuwurluq bolursuz6suwurruq bolursuzyou all must be going to string | alasuwurluq bolurla6suwurruq bolurlathey must be going to string |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensuwurmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to string | sensuwurmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to string | olsuwurmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to string | bizsuwurmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to string | sizsuwurmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to string | alasuwurmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to string |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so suwurruq bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensuwurayımlet me string | sensuwur!string! | olsuwursunlet him string | bizsuwurayıqlet's string | sizsuwuruğuz!string, you all! | alasuwursunlalet them string |
| Commands & suggestions | mensuwurmayımlet me not string | sensuwurma!don't string! | olsuwurmasınlet him not string | bizsuwurmayıqlet's not string | sizsuwurmağız!don't string, you all! | alasuwurmasınlalet them not string |
| Commands & suggestions | mensuwurayımmı?shall I string? | olsuwursunmu?should he string? | bizsuwurayıqmı?shall we string? | alasuwursunlamı?should they string? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensuwurmayımmı?shall I not string? | olsuwurmasınmı?should he not string? | bizsuwurmayıqmı?shall we not string? | alasuwurmasınlamı?should they not string? | ||
| Requests | sensuwurçu7suwurçunplease string | olsuwursunçudo let him string | sizsuwurçuğuzplease string (plural/polite) | alasuwursunlaçıdo let them string | ||
| Requests | sensuwurmaçı7suwurmaçınplease don't string | olsuwurmasınçıdo let him not string | sizsuwurmaçığızplease don't string (plural/polite) | alasuwurmasınlaçıdo let them not string | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensuwurğunsuwurğumay you string | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensuwurmağınsuwurmağımay you not string | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensuwurğay edim suwurğa edimwould that I strung | sensuwurğay ediŋ suwurğa ediŋwould that you strung | olsuwurğay edi suwurğa ediwould that he strung | bizsuwurğay edik suwurğa edikwould that we strung | sizsuwurğay edigiz suwurğa edigizwould that you all strung | alasuwurğay edile suwurğa edilewould that they strung |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensuwurmağay edim suwurmağa edimwould that I did not string | sensuwurmağay ediŋ suwurmağa ediŋwould that you did not string | olsuwurmağay edi suwurmağa ediwould that he did not string | bizsuwurmağay edik suwurmağa edikwould that we did not string | sizsuwurmağay edigiz suwurmağa edigizwould that you all did not string | alasuwurmağay edile suwurmağa edilewould that they did not string |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensuwurmağa qoyayımsuwurma qoyayımlet me allow someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoy!suwurma qoy!let someone string! | olsuwurmağa qoysunsuwurma qoysunlet him allow someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoyayıqsuwurma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoyuğuz!suwurma qoyuğuz!let someone string, you all! | alasuwurmağa qoysunlasuwurma qoysunlalet them allow someone to string |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensuwurmağa qoymayımsuwurma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoyma!suwurma qoyma!don't let someone string! | olsuwurmağa qoymasınsuwurma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoymayıqsuwurma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoymağız!suwurma qoymağız!don't let someone string, you all! | alasuwurmağa qoymasınlasuwurma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to string |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensuwurmağa qoyayımmı?suwurma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoysunmu?suwurma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoyayıqmı?suwurma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoysunlamı?suwurma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to string? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensuwurmağa qoymayımmı?suwurma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoymasınmı?suwurma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoymayıqmı?suwurma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoymasınlamı?suwurma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to string? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensuwurmağa qoyamasuwurma qoyamaI allow someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoyasasuwurma qoyasayou allow someone to string | olsuwurmağa qoyadısuwurma qoyadıhe allows someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoyabızsuwurma qoyabızwe allow someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoyasızsuwurma qoyasızyou all allow someone to string | alasuwurmağa qoyadılasuwurma qoyadılathey allow someone to string |
| Let someone… (present) | mensuwurmağa qoymaymasuwurma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoymaysasuwurma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to string | olsuwurmağa qoymaydısuwurma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoymaybızsuwurma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoymaysızsuwurma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to string | alasuwurmağa qoymaydılasuwurma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to string |
| Let someone… (present) | mensuwurmağa qoyamamı?suwurma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to string? | sensuwurmağa qoyamısa?suwurma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoyamıdı?suwurma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoyabızmı?suwurma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to string? | sizsuwurmağa qoyamısız?suwurma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoyamıdıla?suwurma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to string? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensuwurmağa qoymaymamı?suwurma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to string? | sensuwurmağa qoymaymısa?suwurma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoymaymıdı?suwurma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoymaybızmı?suwurma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to string? | sizsuwurmağa qoymaymısız?suwurma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoymaymıdıla?suwurma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to string? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensuwurmağa qoydumsuwurma qoydumI allowed someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoyduŋsuwurma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to string | olsuwurmağa qoydusuwurma qoyduhe allowed someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoyduqsuwurma qoyduqwe allowed someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoyduğuzsuwurma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to string | alasuwurmağa qoydulasuwurma qoydulathey allowed someone to string |
| Let someone… (past) | mensuwurmağa qoymadımsuwurma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to string | sensuwurmağa qoymadıŋsuwurma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to string | olsuwurmağa qoymadısuwurma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to string | bizsuwurmağa qoymadıqsuwurma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to string | sizsuwurmağa qoymadığızsuwurma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to string | alasuwurmağa qoymadılasuwurma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to string |
| Let someone… (past) | mensuwurmağa qoydummu?suwurma qoydummu?did I allow someone to string? | sensuwurmağa qoyduŋmu?suwurma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoydumu?suwurma qoydumu?did he allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoyduqmu?suwurma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to string? | sizsuwurmağa qoyduğuzmu?suwurma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoydulamı?suwurma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to string? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensuwurmağa qoymadımmı?suwurma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to string? | sensuwurmağa qoymadıŋmı?suwurma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to string? | olsuwurmağa qoymadımı?suwurma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to string? | bizsuwurmağa qoymadıqmı?suwurma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to string? | sizsuwurmağa qoymadığızmı?suwurma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to string? | alasuwurmağa qoymadılamı?suwurma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to string? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
suwuralırğa be able to string · suwuralmazğa be unable to string
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensuwuralamaI can string | sensuwuralasayou can string | olsuwuraladıhe can string | bizsuwuralabızwe can string | sizsuwuralasızyou all can string | alasuwuraladılathey can string |
| Ability — present | mensuwuralmaymaI can't string | sensuwuralmaysayou can't string | olsuwuralmaydıhe can't string | bizsuwuralmaybızwe can't string | sizsuwuralmaysızyou all can't string | alasuwuralmaydılathey can't string |
| Ability — present | mensuwuralamamı? suwuralamıma?can I string? | sensuwuralamısa?can you string? | olsuwuralamıdı?can he string? | bizsuwuralabızmı? suwuralamıbız?can we string? | sizsuwuralamısız?can you all string? | alasuwuralamıdıla?can they string? |
| Ability — present | mensuwuralmaymamı? suwuralmaymıma?can't I string? | sensuwuralmaymısa?can't you string? | olsuwuralmaymıdı?can't he string? | bizsuwuralmaybızmı? suwuralmaymıbız?can't we string? | sizsuwuralmaymısız?can't you all string? | alasuwuralmaymıdıla?can't they string? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensuwuralsamif I can string | sensuwuralsaŋif you can string | olsuwuralsaif he can string | bizsuwuralsaqif we can string | sizsuwuralsağızif you all can string | alasuwuralsalaif they can string |
| Ability — if I can… | mensuwuralmasamif I can't string | sensuwuralmasaŋif you can't string | olsuwuralmasaif he can't string | bizsuwuralmasaqif we can't string | sizsuwuralmasağızif you all can't string | alasuwuralmasalaif they can't string |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensuwuraldımI was able to string | sensuwuraldıŋyou were able to string | olsuwuraldıhe was able to string | bizsuwuraldıqwe were able to string | sizsuwuraldığızyou all were able to string | alasuwuraldılathey were able to string |
| Ability — simple past | mensuwuralmadımI could not string | sensuwuralmadıŋyou could not string | olsuwuralmadıhe could not string | bizsuwuralmadıqwe could not string | sizsuwuralmadığızyou all could not string | alasuwuralmadılathey could not string |
| Ability — simple past | mensuwuraldımmı?was I able to string? | sensuwuraldıŋmı?were you able to string? | olsuwuraldımı?was he able to string? | bizsuwuraldıqmı?were we able to string? | sizsuwuraldığızmı?were you all able to string? | alasuwuraldılamı?were they able to string? |
| Ability — simple past | mensuwuralmadımmı?couldn't I string? | sensuwuralmadıŋmı?couldn't you string? | olsuwuralmadımı?couldn't he string? | bizsuwuralmadıqmı?couldn't we string? | sizsuwuralmadığızmı?couldn't you all string? | alasuwuralmadılamı?couldn't they string? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensuwuralğanmaI have been able to string | sensuwuralğansayou have been able to string | olsuwuralğandıhe has been able to string | bizsuwuralğanbızwe have been able to string | sizsuwuralğansızyou all have been able to string | alasuwuralğandılathey have been able to string |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensuwuralmağanmaI haven't been able to string | sensuwuralmağansayou haven't been able to string | olsuwuralmağandıhe hasn't been able to string | bizsuwuralmağanbızwe haven't been able to string | sizsuwuralmağansızyou all haven't been able to string | alasuwuralmağandılathey haven't been able to string |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensuwuralğanmamı? suwuralğanmıma?have I been able to string? | sensuwuralğanmısa?have you been able to string? | olsuwuralğanmıdı?has he been able to string? | bizsuwuralğanbızmı? suwuralğanmıbız?have we been able to string? | sizsuwuralğanmısız?have you all been able to string? | alasuwuralğanmıdıla?have they been able to string? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensuwuralmağanmamı? suwuralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to string? | sensuwuralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to string? | olsuwuralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to string? | bizsuwuralmağanbızmı? suwuralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to string? | sizsuwuralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to string? | alasuwuralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to string? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensuwuralğan edimsuwuralğanemI had been able to string | sensuwuralğan ediŋsuwuralğaneŋyou had been able to string | olsuwuralğan edisuwuralğanedhe had been able to string | bizsuwuralğan ediksuwuralğanekwe had been able to string | sizsuwuralğan edigizsuwuralğanegizyou all had been able to string | alasuwuralğan edilesuwuralğanellethey had been able to string |
| Ability — past perfect | mensuwuralmağan edimsuwuralmağanemI hadn't been able to string | sensuwuralmağan ediŋsuwuralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to string | olsuwuralmağan edisuwuralmağanedhe hadn't been able to string | bizsuwuralmağan ediksuwuralmağanekwe hadn't been able to string | sizsuwuralmağan edigizsuwuralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to string | alasuwuralmağan edilesuwuralmağanellethey hadn't been able to string |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensuwurala edimsuwuralaemI could string | sensuwurala ediŋsuwuralaeŋyou could string | olsuwurala edisuwuralaedhe could string | bizsuwurala ediksuwuralaekwe could string | sizsuwurala edigizsuwuralaegizyou all could string | alasuwurala edilesuwuralaellethey could string |
| Ability — past background | mensuwuralmay edimsuwuralmayemI could not string | sensuwuralmay ediŋsuwuralmayeŋyou could not string | olsuwuralmay edisuwuralmayedhe could not string | bizsuwuralmay ediksuwuralmayekwe could not string | sizsuwuralmay edigizsuwuralmayegizyou all could not string | alasuwuralmay edilesuwuralmayellethey could not string |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensuwuralırmaI will be able to string | sensuwuralırsayou will be able to string | olsuwuralırhe will be able to string | bizsuwuralırbızwe will be able to string | sizsuwuralırsızyou all will be able to string | alasuwuralırlathey will be able to string |
| Ability — future I | mensuwuralmazmaI won't be able to string | sensuwuralmazsayou won't be able to string | olsuwuralmazhe won't be able to string | bizsuwuralmazbızwe won't be able to string | sizsuwuralmazsızyou all won't be able to string | alasuwuralmazlathey won't be able to string |
| Ability — future I | mensuwuralırmamı? suwuralırmıma?will I be able to string? | sensuwuralırmısa?will you be able to string? | olsuwuralırmı?will he be able to string? | bizsuwuralırbızmı? suwuralırmıbız?will we be able to string? | sizsuwuralırmısız?will you all be able to string? | alasuwuralırlamı? suwuralırmıla?will they be able to string? |
| Ability — future I | mensuwuralmazmamı? suwuralmazmıma?won't I be able to string? | sensuwuralmazmısa?won't you be able to string? | olsuwuralmazmı?won't he be able to string? | bizsuwuralmazbızmı? suwuralmazmıbız?won't we be able to string? | sizsuwuralmazmısız?won't you all be able to string? | alasuwuralmazlamı? suwuralmazmıla?won't they be able to string? |
| Ability — future II | mensuwurallıqmaI am going to be able to string | sensuwurallıqsayou are going to be able to string | olsuwurallıqdıhe is going to be able to string | bizsuwurallıqbızwe are going to be able to string | sizsuwurallıqsızyou all are going to be able to string | alasuwurallıqdılathey are going to be able to string |
| Ability — future II | mensuwurallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to string | sensuwurallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to string | olsuwurallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to string | bizsuwurallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to string | sizsuwurallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to string | alasuwurallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to string |
| Ability — future II | mensuwurallıqmamı? suwurallıqmıma?am I going to be able to string? | sensuwurallıqmısa?are you going to be able to string? | olsuwurallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to string? | bizsuwurallıqbızmı? suwurallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to string? | sizsuwurallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to string? | alasuwurallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to string? |
| Ability — future II | mensuwurallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to string? | sensuwurallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to string? | olsuwurallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to string? | bizsuwurallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to string? | sizsuwurallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to string? | alasuwurallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to string? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensuwuralır edimsuwuralır emI would be able to string | sensuwuralır ediŋsuwuralır eŋyou would be able to string | olsuwuralır edisuwuralır edhe would be able to string | bizsuwuralır ediksuwuralır ekwe would be able to string | sizsuwuralır edigizsuwuralır egizyou all would be able to string | alasuwuralır edilesuwuralır ellethey would be able to string |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensuwuralmaz edimsuwuralmaz emI wouldn't be able to string | sensuwuralmaz ediŋsuwuralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to string | olsuwuralmaz edisuwuralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to string | bizsuwuralmaz ediksuwuralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to string | sizsuwuralmaz edigizsuwuralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to string | alasuwuralmaz edilesuwuralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to string |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensuwuralğınsuwuralğımay you be able to string | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensuwuralmağınsuwuralmağımay you not be able to string | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensuwururğa izleymeI want to string | sensuwururğa izleyseyou want to string | olsuwururğa izleydihe wants to string | bizsuwururğa izleybizwe want to string | sizsuwururğa izleysizyou all want to string | alasuwururğa izleydilethey want to string |
| want to | mensuwururğa izlemeymeI do not want to string | sensuwururğa izlemeyseyou do not want to string | olsuwururğa izlemeydihe does not want to string | bizsuwururğa izlemeybizwe do not want to string | sizsuwururğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to string | alasuwururğa izlemeydilethey do not want to string |
| would like to | mensuwururğa süemeI would like to string | sensuwururğa süeseyou would like to string | olsuwururğa süedihe would like to string | bizsuwururğa süebizwe would like to string | sizsuwururğa süesizyou all would like to string | alasuwururğa süedilethey would like to string |
| would like to | mensuwururğa süymeymeI would not like to string | sensuwururğa süymeyseyou would not like to string | olsuwururğa süymeydihe would not like to string | bizsuwururğa süymeybizwe would not like to string | sizsuwururğa süymeysizyou all would not like to string | alasuwururğa süymeydilethey would not like to string |
| hope to | mensuwururğa umutlanamaI hope to string | sensuwururğa umutlanasayou hope to string | olsuwururğa umutlanadıhe hopes to string | bizsuwururğa umutlanabızwe hope to string | sizsuwururğa umutlanasızyou all hope to string | alasuwururğa umutlanadılathey hope to string |
| hope to | mensuwururğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to string | sensuwururğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to string | olsuwururğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to string | bizsuwururğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to string | sizsuwururğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to string | alasuwururğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to string |
| be about to | mensuwururğa deb turamaI am about to string | sensuwururğa deb turasayou are about to string | olsuwururğa deb turadıhe is about to string | bizsuwururğa deb turabızwe are about to string | sizsuwururğa deb turasızyou all are about to string | alasuwururğa deb turadılathey are about to string |
| be about to | mensuwururğa deb turmaymaI am not about to string | sensuwururğa deb turmaysayou are not about to string | olsuwururğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to string | bizsuwururğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to string | sizsuwururğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to string | alasuwururğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to string |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensuwururğa kerekmeI need to string | sensuwururğa kerekseyou need to string | olsuwururğa kerekdihe needs to string | bizsuwururğa kerekbizwe need to string | sizsuwururğa kereksizyou all need to string | alasuwururğa kerekdilethey need to string |
| need to | mensuwururğa kerek tülmeI do not need to string | sensuwururğa kerek tülseyou do not need to string | olsuwururğa kerek tüldühe does not need to string | bizsuwururğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to string | sizsuwururğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to string | alasuwururğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to string |
| have to | menmenŋe suwururğa tüşediI have to string | sensenŋe suwururğa tüşediyou have to string | olaŋa suwururğa tüşedihe has to string | bizbizge suwururğa tüşediwe have to string | sizsizge suwururğa tüşediyou all have to string | alaalağa suwururğa tüşedithey have to string |
| have to | menmenŋe suwururğa tüşmeydiI do not have to string | sensenŋe suwururğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to string | olaŋa suwururğa tüşmeydihe does not have to string | bizbizge suwururğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to string | sizsizge suwururğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to string | alaalağa suwururğa tüşmeydithey do not have to string |
| be obliged to | mensuwururğa borçlumaI am obliged to string | sensuwururğa borçlusayou are obliged to string | olsuwururğa borçluduhe is obliged to string | bizsuwururğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to string | sizsuwururğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to string | alasuwururğa borçludulathey are obliged to string |
| be obliged to | mensuwururğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to string | sensuwururğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to string | olsuwururğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to string | bizsuwururğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to string | sizsuwururğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to string | alasuwururğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to string |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensuwururğa madarım bardıI have a way to string | sensuwururğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to string | olsuwururğa madarı bardıhe has a way to string | bizsuwururğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to string | sizsuwururğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to string | alasuwururğa madarları bardıthey have a way to string |
| have a way to | mensuwururğa madarım joqduI have no way to string | sensuwururğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to string | olsuwururğa madarı joqduhe has no way to string | bizsuwururğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to string | sizsuwururğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to string | alasuwururğa madarları joqduthey have no way to string |
| be free to | mensuwururğa erkinligim bardıI am free to string | sensuwururğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to string | olsuwururğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to string | bizsuwururğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to string | sizsuwururğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to string | alasuwururğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to string |
| be free to | mensuwururğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to string | sensuwururğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to string | olsuwururğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to string | bizsuwururğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to string | sizsuwururğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to string | alasuwururğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to string |
| be possible to | menmenŋe suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for me to string | sensenŋe suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for you to string | olaŋa suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for him to string | bizbizge suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for us to string | sizsizge suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to string | alaalağa suwururğa bolluqduit is possible for them to string |
| be possible to | menmenŋe suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to string | sensenŋe suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to string | olaŋa suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to string | bizbizge suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to string | sizsizge suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to string | alaalağa suwururğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to string |
| be ready to | mensuwururğa hazırmaI am ready to string | sensuwururğa hazırsayou are ready to string | olsuwururğa hazırdıhe is ready to string | bizsuwururğa hazırbızwe are ready to string | sizsuwururğa hazırsızyou all are ready to string | alasuwururğa hazırdılathey are ready to string |
| be ready to | mensuwururğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to string | sensuwururğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to string | olsuwururğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to string | bizsuwururğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to string | sizsuwururğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to string | alasuwururğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to string |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensuwururğa küreşemeI am trying to string | sensuwururğa küreşeseyou are trying to string | olsuwururğa küreşedihe is trying to string | bizsuwururğa küreşebizwe are trying to string | sizsuwururğa küreşesizyou all are trying to string | alasuwururğa küreşedilethey are trying to string |
| try to | mensuwururğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to string | sensuwururğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to string | olsuwururğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to string | bizsuwururğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to string | sizsuwururğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to string | alasuwururğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to string |
| agree to | mensuwururğa unaymaI agree to string | sensuwururğa unaysayou agree to string | olsuwururğa unaydıhe agrees to string | bizsuwururğa unaybızwe agree to string | sizsuwururğa unaysızyou all agree to string | alasuwururğa unaydılathey agree to string |
| agree to | mensuwururğa unamaymaI refuse to string | sensuwururğa unamaysayou refuse to string | olsuwururğa unamaydıhe refuses to string | bizsuwururğa unamaybızwe refuse to string | sizsuwururğa unamaysızyou all refuse to string | alasuwururğa unamaydılathey refuse to string |
| hurry to | mensuwururğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to string | sensuwururğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to string | olsuwururğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to string | bizsuwururğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to string | sizsuwururğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to string | alasuwururğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to string |
| hurry to | mensuwururğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to string | sensuwururğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to string | olsuwururğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to string | bizsuwururğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to string | sizsuwururğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to string | alasuwururğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to string |
| be afraid to | mensuwururğa qorqamaI am afraid to string | sensuwururğa qorqasayou are afraid to string | olsuwururğa qorqadıhe is afraid to string | bizsuwururğa qorqabızwe are afraid to string | sizsuwururğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to string | alasuwururğa qorqadılathey are afraid to string |
| be afraid to | mensuwururğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to string | sensuwururğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to string | olsuwururğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to string | bizsuwururğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to string | sizsuwururğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to string | alasuwururğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to string |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensuwura bolmazmaI can't be stringing | sensuwura bolmazsayou can't be stringing | olsuwura bolmazhe can't be stringing | bizsuwura bolmazbızwe can't be stringing | sizsuwura bolmazsızyou all can't be stringing | alasuwura bolmazlathey can't be stringing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensuwurmay bolmazmaI must be stringing (emphatic) | sensuwurmay bolmazsayou must be stringing (emphatic) | olsuwurmay bolmazhe must be stringing (emphatic) | bizsuwurmay bolmazbızwe must be stringing (emphatic) | sizsuwurmay bolmazsızyou all must be stringing (emphatic) | alasuwurmay bolmazlathey must be stringing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensuwura turmasamif I don't keep stringing | sensuwura turmasaŋif you don't keep stringing | olsuwura turmasaif he doesn't keep stringing | bizsuwura turmasaqif we don't keep stringing | sizsuwura turmasağızif you all don't keep stringing | alasuwura turmasalaif they don't keep stringing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensuwura tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of stringing | sensuwura tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of stringing | olsuwura tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of stringing | bizsuwura tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of stringing | sizsuwura tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of stringing | alasuwura tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of stringing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensuwurmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not stringing (emphatic) | sensuwurmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not stringing (emphatic) | olsuwurmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not stringing (emphatic) | bizsuwurmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not stringing (emphatic) | sizsuwurmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not stringing (emphatic) | alasuwurmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not stringing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensuwurmay turamaI keep on not stringing | sensuwurmay turasayou keep on not stringing | olsuwurmay turadıhe keeps on not stringing | bizsuwurmay turabızwe keep on not stringing | sizsuwurmay turasızyou all keep on not stringing | alasuwurmay turadılathey keep on not stringing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensuwurmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not stringing | sensuwurmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not stringing | olsuwurmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not stringing | bizsuwurmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not stringing | sizsuwurmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not stringing | alasuwurmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not stringing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensuwurmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not stringing? | sensuwurmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not stringing? | olsuwurmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not stringing? | bizsuwurmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not stringing? | sizsuwurmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not stringing? | alasuwurmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not stringing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensuwurğan bolmazmaI can't have strung | sensuwurğan bolmazsayou can't have strung | olsuwurğan bolmazhe can't have strung | bizsuwurğan bolmazbızwe can't have strung | sizsuwurğan bolmazsızyou all can't have strung | alasuwurğan bolmazlathey can't have strung |
| Inference — double negation | mensuwurmağan bolmazmaI must have strung (emphatic) | sensuwurmağan bolmazsayou must have strung (emphatic) | olsuwurmağan bolmazhe must have strung (emphatic) | bizsuwurmağan bolmazbızwe must have strung (emphatic) | sizsuwurmağan bolmazsızyou all must have strung (emphatic) | alasuwurmağan bolmazlathey must have strung (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensuwurğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had strung | sensuwurğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had strung | olsuwurğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had strung | bizsuwurğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had strung | sizsuwurğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had strung | alasuwurğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had strung |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensuwurmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't strung | sensuwurmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't strung | olsuwurmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't strung | bizsuwurmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't strung | sizsuwurmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't strung | alasuwurmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't strung |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensuwurluq bolmazmaI can't be going to string | sensuwurluq bolmazsayou can't be going to string | olsuwurluq bolmazhe can't be going to string | bizsuwurluq bolmazbızwe can't be going to string | sizsuwurluq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to string | alasuwurluq bolmazlathey can't be going to string |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensuwurmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to string (emphatic) | sensuwurmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to string (emphatic) | olsuwurmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to string (emphatic) | bizsuwurmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to string (emphatic) | sizsuwurmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to string (emphatic) | alasuwurmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to string (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensuwurluq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to string | sensuwurluq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to string | olsuwurluq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to string | bizsuwurluq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to string | sizsuwurluq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to string | alasuwurluq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to string |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensuwurmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to string | sensuwurmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to string | olsuwurmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to string | bizsuwurmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to string | sizsuwurmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to string | alasuwurmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to string |