sarqarğa
/sarqarʁa/
1. flow, stream, trickle down
- suw tawdan sarqadı — water flows down from the mountain
- suw teŋizge sarqadı — the water flows into the sea
- qayalanı jarıb sarqğan Qoban — the Kuban that cleaves the cliffs as it flows
- ırhıla aşığışlı sarqğanda — when the torrents flowed hurriedly
2. drip one source
- tamçıla sarqadıla — the drops trickle down
- çıhırğa şişlikden jaw sarqadı — fat drips from the kebab onto the coals
- qanı sarqadı — his blood drips
3. swell, become puffy (of the legs)
- ayaqlarım sarqğandıla — my legs have swollen
- ayaqları sarqıb turadıla — his legs are swollen
- butu sarqğandı — his leg has swollen up
- awruğan butu sarqa tebregeninde — when his aching leg began to swell
4. move down, come down, resettle lower down (in the lowlands)
- taw elle tüz jerlege sarqğandıla — the mountain villages have moved down to the flat lands
- tüz jerge sarqarğa — to move down to the plain
- enişge sarqarğa — to come down lower
5. pass, go by (of years or time)
- jılla sarqdıla — the years went by
- sarqğan ömürle — the centuries that have passed
- zaman sarqdı ömürge — time flowed away into eternity
- zaman sarqadı — time slips away
Conjugation
Common forms
- sarqadıhe is flowing
- sarqdıhe flowed
- sarqğandıhe has flowed
- sarqarhe will flow
- sarqarıqdıhe is going to flow
- sarqa edihe was flowing
- sarqsaif he flows
- sarq!flow!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarqamaI am flowing | sensarqasayou are flowing | olsarqadıhe is flowing | bizsarqabızwe are flowing | sizsarqasızyou all are flowing | alasarqadılathey are flowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarqmaymaI am not flowing | sensarqmaysayou are not flowing | olsarqmaydıhe is not flowing | bizsarqmaybızwe are not flowing | sizsarqmaysızyou all are not flowing | alasarqmaydılathey are not flowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarqamamı? sarqamıma?am I flowing? | sensarqamısa?are you flowing? | olsarqamıdı?is he flowing? | bizsarqabızmı? sarqamıbız?are we flowing? | sizsarqamısız?are you all flowing? | alasarqamıdıla?are they flowing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarqmaymamı? sarqmaymıma?aren't I flowing? | sensarqmaymısa?aren't you flowing? | olsarqmaymıdı?isn't he flowing? | bizsarqmaybızmı? sarqmaymıbız?aren't we flowing? | sizsarqmaymısız?aren't you all flowing? | alasarqmaymıdıla?aren't they flowing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarqıwçanmaI usually flow | sensarqıwçansayou usually flow | olsarqıwçandıhe usually flows | bizsarqıwçanbızwe usually flow | sizsarqıwçansızyou all usually flow | alasarqıwçandılathey usually flow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarqmawçanmaI usually don't flow | sensarqmawçansayou usually don't flow | olsarqmawçandıhe usually doesn't flow | bizsarqmawçanbızwe usually don't flow | sizsarqmawçansızyou all usually don't flow | alasarqmawçandılathey usually don't flow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarqıwçanmamı? sarqıwçanmıma?do I usually flow? | sensarqıwçanmısa?do you usually flow? | olsarqıwçanmıdı?does he usually flow? | bizsarqıwçanbızmı? sarqıwçanmıbız?do we usually flow? | sizsarqıwçanmısız?do you all usually flow? | alasarqıwçanmıdıla?do they usually flow? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarqmawçanmamı? sarqmawçanmıma?do I usually not flow? | sensarqmawçanmısa?do you usually not flow? | olsarqmawçanmıdı?does he usually not flow? | bizsarqmawçanbızmı? sarqmawçanmıbız?do we usually not flow? | sizsarqmawçanmısız?do you all usually not flow? | alasarqmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not flow? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsarqıbdıhe has flowed and remains so | alasarqıbdılathey have flowed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsarqıbmıdı?has he flowed? | alasarqıbmıdıla?have they flowed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarqıb turamaI keep flowing | sensarqıb turasayou keep flowing | olsarqıb turadıhe keeps flowing | bizsarqıb turabızwe keep flowing | sizsarqıb turasızyou all keep flowing | alasarqıb turadılathey keep flowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarqıb turmaymaI don't keep flowing | sensarqıb turmaysayou don't keep flowing | olsarqıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep flowing | bizsarqıb turmaybızwe don't keep flowing | sizsarqıb turmaysızyou all don't keep flowing | alasarqıb turmaydılathey don't keep flowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarqıb turamamı? sarqıb turamıma?do I keep flowing? | sensarqıb turamısa?do you keep flowing? | olsarqıb turamıdı?does he keep flowing? | bizsarqıb turabızmı? sarqıb turamıbız?do we keep flowing? | sizsarqıb turamısız?do you all keep flowing? | alasarqıb turamıdıla?do they keep flowing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarqıb turmaymamı? sarqıb turmaymıma?don't I keep flowing? | sensarqıb turmaymısa?don't you keep flowing? | olsarqıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep flowing? | bizsarqıb turmaybızmı? sarqıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep flowing? | sizsarqıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep flowing? | alasarqıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep flowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarqa turamaI am in the middle of flowing | sensarqa turasayou are in the middle of flowing | olsarqa turadıhe is in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa turabızwe are in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa turasızyou all are in the middle of flowing | alasarqa turadılathey are in the middle of flowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarqa turmaymaI am not in the middle of flowing | sensarqa turmaysayou are not in the middle of flowing | olsarqa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of flowing | alasarqa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of flowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarqa turamamı? sarqa turamıma?am I in the middle of flowing? | sensarqa turamısa?are you in the middle of flowing? | olsarqa turamıdı?is he in the middle of flowing? | bizsarqa turabızmı? sarqa turamıbız?are we in the middle of flowing? | sizsarqa turamısız?are you all in the middle of flowing? | alasarqa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of flowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarqa turmaymamı? sarqa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of flowing? | sensarqa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of flowing? | olsarqa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of flowing? | bizsarqa turmaybızmı? sarqa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of flowing? | sizsarqa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of flowing? | alasarqa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of flowing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarqdımI flowed | sensarqdıŋyou flowed | olsarqdıhe flowed | bizsarqdıqwe flowed | sizsarqdığızyou all flowed | alasarqdılathey flowed |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarqmadımI didn't flow | sensarqmadıŋyou didn't flow | olsarqmadıhe didn't flow | bizsarqmadıqwe didn't flow | sizsarqmadığızyou all didn't flow | alasarqmadılathey didn't flow |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarqdımmı?did I flow? | sensarqdıŋmı?did you flow? | olsarqdımı?did he flow? | bizsarqdıqmı?did we flow? | sizsarqdığızmı?did you all flow? | alasarqdılamı?did they flow? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarqmadımmı?didn't I flow? | sensarqmadıŋmı?didn't you flow? | olsarqmadımı?didn't he flow? | bizsarqmadıqmı?didn't we flow? | sizsarqmadığızmı?didn't you all flow? | alasarqmadılamı?didn't they flow? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarqğanmaI have flowed | sensarqğansayou have flowed | olsarqğandıhe has flowed | bizsarqğanbızwe have flowed | sizsarqğansızyou all have flowed | alasarqğandılathey have flowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarqmağanmaI haven't flowed | sensarqmağansayou haven't flowed | olsarqmağandıhe hasn't flowed | bizsarqmağanbızwe haven't flowed | sizsarqmağansızyou all haven't flowed | alasarqmağandılathey haven't flowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarqğanmamı? sarqğanmıma?have I flowed? | sensarqğanmısa?have you flowed? | olsarqğanmıdı?has he flowed? | bizsarqğanbızmı? sarqğanmıbız?have we flowed? | sizsarqğanmısız?have you all flowed? | alasarqğanmıdıla?have they flowed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarqmağanmamı? sarqmağanmıma?haven't I flowed? | sensarqmağanmısa?haven't you flowed? | olsarqmağanmıdı?hasn't he flowed? | bizsarqmağanbızmı? sarqmağanmıbız?haven't we flowed? | sizsarqmağanmısız?haven't you all flowed? | alasarqmağanmıdıla?haven't they flowed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensarqıb turdumI kept flowing | sensarqıb turduŋyou kept flowing | olsarqıb turduhe kept flowing | bizsarqıb turduqwe kept flowing | sizsarqıb turduğuzyou all kept flowing | alasarqıb turdulathey kept flowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensarqıb turmadımI didn't keep flowing | sensarqıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep flowing | olsarqıb turmadıhe didn't keep flowing | bizsarqıb turmadıqwe didn't keep flowing | sizsarqıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep flowing | alasarqıb turmadılathey didn't keep flowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarqarmaI will flow | sensarqarsayou will flow | olsarqarhe will flow | bizsarqarbızwe will flow | sizsarqarsızyou all will flow | alasarqarlathey will flow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarqmazmaI won't flow | sensarqmazsayou won't flow | olsarqmazhe won't flow | bizsarqmazbızwe won't flow | sizsarqmazsızyou all won't flow | alasarqmazlathey won't flow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarqarmamı? sarqarmıma?will I flow? | sensarqarmısa?will you flow? | olsarqarmı?will he flow? | bizsarqarbızmı? sarqarmıbız?will we flow? | sizsarqarmısız?will you all flow? | alasarqarlamı? sarqarmıla?will they flow? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarqmazmamı? sarqmazmıma?won't I flow? | sensarqmazmısa?won't you flow? | olsarqmazmı?won't he flow? | bizsarqmazbızmı? sarqmazmıbız?won't we flow? | sizsarqmazmısız?won't you all flow? | alasarqmazlamı? sarqmazmıla?won't they flow? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarqarıqmaI am going to flow | sensarqarıqsayou are going to flow | olsarqarıqdıhe is going to flow | bizsarqarıqbızwe are going to flow | sizsarqarıqsızyou all are going to flow | alasarqarıqdılathey are going to flow |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarqarıq tülmeI am not going to flow | sensarqarıq tülseyou are not going to flow | olsarqarıq tüldühe is not going to flow | bizsarqarıq tülbüzwe are not going to flow | sizsarqarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to flow | alasarqarıq tüldülethey are not going to flow |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarqarıqmamı? sarqarıqmıma?am I going to flow? | sensarqarıqmısa?are you going to flow? | olsarqarıqmıdı?is he going to flow? | bizsarqarıqbızmı? sarqarıqmıbız?are we going to flow? | sizsarqarıqmısız?are you all going to flow? | alasarqarıqmıdıla?are they going to flow? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarqarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to flow? | sensarqarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to flow? | olsarqarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to flow? | bizsarqarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to flow? | sizsarqarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to flow? | alasarqarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to flow? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensarqğan edimsarqğanemI had flowed | sensarqğan ediŋsarqğaneŋyou had flowed | olsarqğan edisarqğanedhe had flowed | bizsarqğan ediksarqğanekwe had flowed | sizsarqğan edigizsarqğanegizyou all had flowed | alasarqğan edilesarqğanellethey had flowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensarqmağan edimsarqmağanemI hadn't flowed | sensarqmağan ediŋsarqmağaneŋyou hadn't flowed | olsarqmağan edisarqmağanedhe hadn't flowed | bizsarqmağan ediksarqmağanekwe hadn't flowed | sizsarqmağan edigizsarqmağanegizyou all hadn't flowed | alasarqmağan edilesarqmağanellethey hadn't flowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensarqa edimsarqaemI was flowing | sensarqa ediŋsarqaeŋyou were flowing | olsarqa edisarqaedhe was flowing | bizsarqa ediksarqaekwe were flowing | sizsarqa edigizsarqaegizyou all were flowing | alasarqa edilesarqaellethey were flowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensarqmay edimsarqmayemI wasn't flowing | sensarqmay ediŋsarqmayeŋyou weren't flowing | olsarqmay edisarqmayedhe wasn't flowing | bizsarqmay ediksarqmayekwe weren't flowing | sizsarqmay edigizsarqmayegizyou all weren't flowing | alasarqmay edilesarqmayellethey weren't flowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensarqıwçan edimsarqıwçanemI used to flow | sensarqıwçan ediŋsarqıwçaneŋyou used to flow | olsarqıwçan edisarqıwçanedhe used to flow | bizsarqıwçan ediksarqıwçanekwe used to flow | sizsarqıwçan edigizsarqıwçanegizyou all used to flow | alasarqıwçan edilesarqıwçanellethey used to flow |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensarqmawçan edimsarqmawçanemI didn't use to flow | sensarqmawçan ediŋsarqmawçaneŋyou didn't use to flow | olsarqmawçan edisarqmawçanedhe didn't use to flow | bizsarqmawçan ediksarqmawçanekwe didn't use to flow | sizsarqmawçan edigizsarqmawçanegizyou all didn't use to flow | alasarqmawçan edilesarqmawçanellethey didn't use to flow |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsarqıb edihe had flowed and remained so | alasarqıb edilethey had flowed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsarqıb tül edihe hadn't flowed | alasarqıb tül edilethey hadn't flowed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensarqıb tura edimsarqıb turaemI had kept flowing | sensarqıb tura ediŋsarqıb turaeŋyou had kept flowing | olsarqıb tura edisarqıb turaedhe had kept flowing | bizsarqıb tura ediksarqıb turaekwe had kept flowing | sizsarqıb tura edigizsarqıb turaegizyou all had kept flowing | alasarqıb tura edilesarqıb turaellethey had kept flowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensarqıb turmay edimsarqıb turmayemI hadn't kept flowing | sensarqıb turmay ediŋsarqıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept flowing | olsarqıb turmay edisarqıb turmayedhe hadn't kept flowing | bizsarqıb turmay ediksarqıb turmayekwe hadn't kept flowing | sizsarqıb turmay edigizsarqıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept flowing | alasarqıb turmay edilesarqıb turmayellethey hadn't kept flowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensarqa tura edimsarqa turaemI was in the middle of flowing | sensarqa tura ediŋsarqa turaeŋyou were in the middle of flowing | olsarqa tura edisarqa turaedhe was in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa tura ediksarqa turaekwe were in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa tura edigizsarqa turaegizyou all were in the middle of flowing | alasarqa tura edilesarqa turaellethey were in the middle of flowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensarqa turmay edimsarqa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of flowing | sensarqa turmay ediŋsarqa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of flowing | olsarqa turmay edisarqa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa turmay ediksarqa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa turmay edigizsarqa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of flowing | alasarqa turmay edilesarqa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of flowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensarqar edimsarqar emI would flow | sensarqar ediŋsarqar eŋyou would flow | olsarqar edisarqar edhe would flow | bizsarqar ediksarqar ekwe would flow | sizsarqar edigizsarqar egizyou all would flow | alasarqar edilesarqar ellethey would flow |
| Conditional result (would) | mensarqmaz edimsarqmaz emI wouldn't flow | sensarqmaz ediŋsarqmaz eŋyou wouldn't flow | olsarqmaz edisarqmaz edhe wouldn't flow | bizsarqmaz ediksarqmaz ekwe wouldn't flow | sizsarqmaz edigizsarqmaz egizyou all wouldn't flow | alasarqmaz edilesarqmaz ellethey wouldn't flow |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensarqarıq edimsarqarıq emI would have flowed | sensarqarıq ediŋsarqarıq eŋyou would have flowed | olsarqarıq edisarqarıq edhe would have flowed | bizsarqarıq ediksarqarıq ekwe would have flowed | sizsarqarıq edigizsarqarıq egizyou all would have flowed | alasarqarıq edilesarqarıq ellethey would have flowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensarqarıq tül edimsarqarıq tül emI wouldn't have flowed | sensarqarıq tül ediŋsarqarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have flowed | olsarqarıq tül edisarqarıq tül edhe wouldn't have flowed | bizsarqarıq tül ediksarqarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have flowed | sizsarqarıq tül edigizsarqarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have flowed | alasarqarıq tül edilesarqarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have flowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensarqsamif I flow | sensarqsaŋif you flow | olsarqsaif he flows | bizsarqsaqif we flow | sizsarqsağızif you all flow | alasarqsalaif they flow |
| Conditional | mensarqmasamif I don't flow | sensarqmasaŋif you don't flow | olsarqmasaif he doesn't flow | bizsarqmasaqif we don't flow | sizsarqmasağızif you all don't flow | alasarqmasalaif they don't flow |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensarqa esemif I am flowing | sensarqa eseŋif you are flowing | olsarqa eseif he is flowing | bizsarqa esekif we are flowing | sizsarqa esegizif you all are flowing | alasarqa eseleif they are flowing |
| Conditional, present real | mensarqmay esemif I am not flowing | sensarqmay eseŋif you are not flowing | olsarqmay eseif he is not flowing | bizsarqmay esekif we are not flowing | sizsarqmay esegizif you all are not flowing | alasarqmay eseleif they are not flowing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensarqsam edisarqsam edif only I flowed | sensarqsaŋ edisarqsaŋ edif only you flowed | olsarqsa edisarqsaedif only he flowed | bizsarqsaq edisarqsaq edif only we flowed | sizsarqsağız edisarqsağız edif only you all flowed | alasarqsala edisarqsalaedif only they flowed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensarqmasam edisarqmasam edif only I didn't flow | sensarqmasaŋ edisarqmasaŋ edif only you didn't flow | olsarqmasa edisarqmasaedif only he didn't flow | bizsarqmasaq edisarqmasaq edif only we didn't flow | sizsarqmasağız edisarqmasağız edif only you all didn't flow | alasarqmasala edisarqmasalaedif only they didn't flow |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensarqıb tursamif I carry on flowing | sensarqıb tursaŋif you carry on flowing | olsarqıb tursaif he carries on flowing | bizsarqıb tursaqif we carry on flowing | sizsarqıb tursağızif you all carry on flowing | alasarqıb tursalaif they carry on flowing |
| Durative conditional | mensarqıb turmasamif I don't carry on flowing | sensarqıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on flowing | olsarqıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on flowing | bizsarqıb turmasaqif we don't carry on flowing | sizsarqıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on flowing | alasarqıb turmasalaif they don't carry on flowing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensarqıb tura esemif I have kept flowing | sensarqıb tura eseŋif you have kept flowing | olsarqıb tura eseif he has kept flowing | bizsarqıb tura esekif we have kept flowing | sizsarqıb tura esegizif you all have kept flowing | alasarqıb tura eseleif they have kept flowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensarqıb turmay esemif I haven't kept flowing | sensarqıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept flowing | olsarqıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept flowing | bizsarqıb turmay esekif we haven't kept flowing | sizsarqıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept flowing | alasarqıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept flowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensarqa tursamif I keep flowing | sensarqa tursaŋif you keep flowing | olsarqa tursaif he keeps flowing | bizsarqa tursaqif we keep flowing | sizsarqa tursağızif you all keep flowing | alasarqa tursalaif they keep flowing |
| Progressive conditional | mensarqmay tursamif I keep on not flowing | sensarqmay tursaŋif you keep on not flowing | olsarqmay tursaif he keeps on not flowing | bizsarqmay tursaqif we keep on not flowing | sizsarqmay tursağızif you all keep on not flowing | alasarqmay tursalaif they keep on not flowing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensarqa tura esemif I am in the middle of flowing | sensarqa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of flowing | olsarqa tura eseif he is in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa tura esekif we are in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of flowing | alasarqa tura eseleif they are in the middle of flowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensarqmay tura esemif I keep on not flowing | sensarqmay tura eseŋif you keep on not flowing | olsarqmay tura eseif he keeps on not flowing | bizsarqmay tura esekif we keep on not flowing | sizsarqmay tura esegizif you all keep on not flowing | alasarqmay tura eseleif they keep on not flowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensarqdım esemif I flowed | sensarqdıŋ eseŋif you flowed | olsarqdı eseif he flowed | bizsarqdıq esekif we flowed | sizsarqdığız esegizif you all flowed | alasarqdıla eseleif they flowed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensarqmadım esemif I didn't flow | sensarqmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't flow | olsarqmadı eseif he didn't flow | bizsarqmadıq esekif we didn't flow | sizsarqmadığız esegizif you all didn't flow | alasarqmadıla eseleif they didn't flow |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensarqğan esemif I did flow (indeed) | sensarqğan eseŋif you did flow (indeed) | olsarqğan eseif he did flow (indeed) | bizsarqğan esekif we did flow (indeed) | sizsarqğan esegizif you all did flow (indeed) | alasarqğan eseleif they did flow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensarqmağan esemif I didn't flow (indeed) | sensarqmağan eseŋif you didn't flow (indeed) | olsarqmağan eseif he didn't flow (indeed) | bizsarqmağan esekif we didn't flow (indeed) | sizsarqmağan esegizif you all didn't flow (indeed) | alasarqmağan eseleif they didn't flow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensarqğan bolsamif I had flowed | sensarqğan bolsaŋif you had flowed | olsarqğan bolsaif he had flowed | bizsarqğan bolsaqif we had flowed | sizsarqğan bolsağızif you all had flowed | alasarqğan bolsalaif they had flowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensarqmağan bolsamif I hadn't flowed | sensarqmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't flowed | olsarqmağan bolsaif he hadn't flowed | bizsarqmağan bolsaqif we hadn't flowed | sizsarqmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't flowed | alasarqmağan bolsalaif they hadn't flowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensarqğan bolsam edisarqğan bolsam edif only I had flowed | sensarqğan bolsaŋ edisarqğan bolsaŋ edif only you had flowed | olsarqğan bolsa edisarqğan bolsaedif only he had flowed | bizsarqğan bolsaq edisarqğan bolsaq edif only we had flowed | sizsarqğan bolsağız edisarqğan bolsağız edif only you all had flowed | alasarqğan bolsala edisarqğan bolsalaedif only they had flowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensarqmağan bolsam edisarqmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't flowed | sensarqmağan bolsaŋ edisarqmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't flowed | olsarqmağan bolsa edisarqmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't flowed | bizsarqmağan bolsaq edisarqmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't flowed | sizsarqmağan bolsağız edisarqmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't flowed | alasarqmağan bolsala edisarqmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't flowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensarqar esemif I will flow | sensarqar eseŋif you will flow | olsarqar eseif he will flow | bizsarqar esekif we will flow | sizsarqar esegizif you all will flow | alasarqar eseleif they will flow |
| Conditional, aorist | mensarqmaz esemif I won't flow | sensarqmaz eseŋif you won't flow | olsarqmaz eseif he won't flow | bizsarqmaz esekif we won't flow | sizsarqmaz esegizif you all won't flow | alasarqmaz eseleif they won't flow |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensarqarıq esemif I am going to flow | sensarqarıq eseŋif you are going to flow | olsarqarıq eseif he is going to flow | bizsarqarıq esekif we are going to flow | sizsarqarıq esegizif you all are going to flow | alasarqarıq eseleif they are going to flow |
| Conditional, future | mensarqarıq tül esemif I am not going to flow | sensarqarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to flow | olsarqarıq tül eseif he is not going to flow | bizsarqarıq tül esekif we are not going to flow | sizsarqarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to flow | alasarqarıq tül eseleif they are not going to flow |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensarqarıq bolsamif I were going to flow | sensarqarıq bolsaŋif you were going to flow | olsarqarıq bolsaif he were going to flow | bizsarqarıq bolsaqif we were going to flow | sizsarqarıq bolsağızif you all were going to flow | alasarqarıq bolsalaif they were going to flow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensarqmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to flow | sensarqmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to flow | olsarqmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to flow | bizsarqmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to flow | sizsarqmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to flow | alasarqmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to flow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso sarqdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensarqa bolurmaI must be flowing | sensarqa bolursayou must be flowing | olsarqa bolurhe must be flowing | bizsarqa bolurbuzwe must be flowing | sizsarqa bolursuzyou all must be flowing | alasarqa bolurlathey must be flowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensarqmay bolurmaI must not be flowing | sensarqmay bolursayou must not be flowing | olsarqmay bolurhe must not be flowing | bizsarqmay bolurbuzwe must not be flowing | sizsarqmay bolursuzyou all must not be flowing | alasarqmay bolurlathey must not be flowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensarqa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of flowing | sensarqa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of flowing | olsarqa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of flowing | alasarqa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of flowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensarqmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not flowing | sensarqmay tura bolursayou must keep on not flowing | olsarqmay tura bolurhe must keep on not flowing | bizsarqmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not flowing | sizsarqmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not flowing | alasarqmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not flowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensarqğan bolurmaI must have flowed | sensarqğan bolursayou must have flowed | olsarqğan bolurhe must have flowed | bizsarqğan bolurbuzwe must have flowed | sizsarqğan bolursuzyou all must have flowed | alasarqğan bolurlathey must have flowed |
| Inference (must have) | mensarqmağan bolurmaI must not have flowed | sensarqmağan bolursayou must not have flowed | olsarqmağan bolurhe must not have flowed | bizsarqmağan bolurbuzwe must not have flowed | sizsarqmağan bolursuzyou all must not have flowed | alasarqmağan bolurlathey must not have flowed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensarqarıq bolurmaI must be going to flow | sensarqarıq bolursayou must be going to flow | olsarqarıq bolurhe must be going to flow | bizsarqarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to flow | sizsarqarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to flow | alasarqarıq bolurlathey must be going to flow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensarqmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to flow | sensarqmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to flow | olsarqmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to flow | bizsarqmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to flow | sizsarqmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to flow | alasarqmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to flow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensarqayımlet me flow | sensarq!flow! | olsarqsınlet him flow | bizsarqayıqlet's flow | sizsarqığız!flow, you all! | alasarqsınlalet them flow |
| Commands & suggestions | mensarqmayımlet me not flow | sensarqma!don't flow! | olsarqmasınlet him not flow | bizsarqmayıqlet's not flow | sizsarqmağız!don't flow, you all! | alasarqmasınlalet them not flow |
| Commands & suggestions | mensarqayımmı?shall I flow? | olsarqsınmı?should he flow? | bizsarqayıqmı?shall we flow? | alasarqsınlamı?should they flow? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensarqmayımmı?shall I not flow? | olsarqmasınmı?should he not flow? | bizsarqmayıqmı?shall we not flow? | alasarqmasınlamı?should they not flow? | ||
| Requests | sensarqçı2sarqçınplease flow | olsarqsınçıdo let him flow | sizsarqçığızplease flow (plural/polite) | alasarqsınlaçıdo let them flow | ||
| Requests | sensarqmaçı2sarqmaçınplease don't flow | olsarqmasınçıdo let him not flow | sizsarqmaçığızplease don't flow (plural/polite) | alasarqmasınlaçıdo let them not flow | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensarqğınsarqğımay you flow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensarqmağınsarqmağımay you not flow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensarqğay edim sarqğa edimwould that I flowed | sensarqğay ediŋ sarqğa ediŋwould that you flowed | olsarqğay edi sarqğa ediwould that he flowed | bizsarqğay edik sarqğa edikwould that we flowed | sizsarqğay edigiz sarqğa edigizwould that you all flowed | alasarqğay edile sarqğa edilewould that they flowed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensarqmağay edim sarqmağa edimwould that I did not flow | sensarqmağay ediŋ sarqmağa ediŋwould that you did not flow | olsarqmağay edi sarqmağa ediwould that he did not flow | bizsarqmağay edik sarqmağa edikwould that we did not flow | sizsarqmağay edigiz sarqmağa edigizwould that you all did not flow | alasarqmağay edile sarqmağa edilewould that they did not flow |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarqmağa qoyayımsarqma qoyayımlet me allow someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoy!sarqma qoy!let someone flow! | olsarqmağa qoysunsarqma qoysunlet him allow someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoyayıqsarqma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoyuğuz!sarqma qoyuğuz!let someone flow, you all! | alasarqmağa qoysunlasarqma qoysunlalet them allow someone to flow |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarqmağa qoymayımsarqma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoyma!sarqma qoyma!don't let someone flow! | olsarqmağa qoymasınsarqma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoymayıqsarqma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoymağız!sarqma qoymağız!don't let someone flow, you all! | alasarqmağa qoymasınlasarqma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to flow |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarqmağa qoyayımmı?sarqma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoysunmu?sarqma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoyayıqmı?sarqma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoysunlamı?sarqma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to flow? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarqmağa qoymayımmı?sarqma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoymasınmı?sarqma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoymayıqmı?sarqma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoymasınlamı?sarqma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to flow? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensarqmağa qoyamasarqma qoyamaI allow someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoyasasarqma qoyasayou allow someone to flow | olsarqmağa qoyadısarqma qoyadıhe allows someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoyabızsarqma qoyabızwe allow someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoyasızsarqma qoyasızyou all allow someone to flow | alasarqmağa qoyadılasarqma qoyadılathey allow someone to flow |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarqmağa qoymaymasarqma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoymaysasarqma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to flow | olsarqmağa qoymaydısarqma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoymaybızsarqma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoymaysızsarqma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to flow | alasarqmağa qoymaydılasarqma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to flow |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarqmağa qoyamamı?sarqma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to flow? | sensarqmağa qoyamısa?sarqma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoyamıdı?sarqma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoyabızmı?sarqma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to flow? | sizsarqmağa qoyamısız?sarqma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoyamıdıla?sarqma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to flow? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarqmağa qoymaymamı?sarqma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to flow? | sensarqmağa qoymaymısa?sarqma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoymaymıdı?sarqma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoymaybızmı?sarqma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to flow? | sizsarqmağa qoymaymısız?sarqma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoymaymıdıla?sarqma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to flow? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarqmağa qoydumsarqma qoydumI allowed someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoyduŋsarqma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to flow | olsarqmağa qoydusarqma qoyduhe allowed someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoyduqsarqma qoyduqwe allowed someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoyduğuzsarqma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to flow | alasarqmağa qoydulasarqma qoydulathey allowed someone to flow |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarqmağa qoymadımsarqma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to flow | sensarqmağa qoymadıŋsarqma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to flow | olsarqmağa qoymadısarqma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to flow | bizsarqmağa qoymadıqsarqma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to flow | sizsarqmağa qoymadığızsarqma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to flow | alasarqmağa qoymadılasarqma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to flow |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarqmağa qoydummu?sarqma qoydummu?did I allow someone to flow? | sensarqmağa qoyduŋmu?sarqma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoydumu?sarqma qoydumu?did he allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoyduqmu?sarqma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to flow? | sizsarqmağa qoyduğuzmu?sarqma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoydulamı?sarqma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to flow? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarqmağa qoymadımmı?sarqma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to flow? | sensarqmağa qoymadıŋmı?sarqma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to flow? | olsarqmağa qoymadımı?sarqma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to flow? | bizsarqmağa qoymadıqmı?sarqma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to flow? | sizsarqmağa qoymadığızmı?sarqma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to flow? | alasarqmağa qoymadılamı?sarqma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to flow? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
sarqalırğa be able to flow · sarqalmazğa be unable to flow
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensarqalamaI can flow | sensarqalasayou can flow | olsarqaladıhe can flow | bizsarqalabızwe can flow | sizsarqalasızyou all can flow | alasarqaladılathey can flow |
| Ability — present | mensarqalmaymaI can't flow | sensarqalmaysayou can't flow | olsarqalmaydıhe can't flow | bizsarqalmaybızwe can't flow | sizsarqalmaysızyou all can't flow | alasarqalmaydılathey can't flow |
| Ability — present | mensarqalamamı? sarqalamıma?can I flow? | sensarqalamısa?can you flow? | olsarqalamıdı?can he flow? | bizsarqalabızmı? sarqalamıbız?can we flow? | sizsarqalamısız?can you all flow? | alasarqalamıdıla?can they flow? |
| Ability — present | mensarqalmaymamı? sarqalmaymıma?can't I flow? | sensarqalmaymısa?can't you flow? | olsarqalmaymıdı?can't he flow? | bizsarqalmaybızmı? sarqalmaymıbız?can't we flow? | sizsarqalmaymısız?can't you all flow? | alasarqalmaymıdıla?can't they flow? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensarqalsamif I can flow | sensarqalsaŋif you can flow | olsarqalsaif he can flow | bizsarqalsaqif we can flow | sizsarqalsağızif you all can flow | alasarqalsalaif they can flow |
| Ability — if I can… | mensarqalmasamif I can't flow | sensarqalmasaŋif you can't flow | olsarqalmasaif he can't flow | bizsarqalmasaqif we can't flow | sizsarqalmasağızif you all can't flow | alasarqalmasalaif they can't flow |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensarqaldımI was able to flow | sensarqaldıŋyou were able to flow | olsarqaldıhe was able to flow | bizsarqaldıqwe were able to flow | sizsarqaldığızyou all were able to flow | alasarqaldılathey were able to flow |
| Ability — simple past | mensarqalmadımI could not flow | sensarqalmadıŋyou could not flow | olsarqalmadıhe could not flow | bizsarqalmadıqwe could not flow | sizsarqalmadığızyou all could not flow | alasarqalmadılathey could not flow |
| Ability — simple past | mensarqaldımmı?was I able to flow? | sensarqaldıŋmı?were you able to flow? | olsarqaldımı?was he able to flow? | bizsarqaldıqmı?were we able to flow? | sizsarqaldığızmı?were you all able to flow? | alasarqaldılamı?were they able to flow? |
| Ability — simple past | mensarqalmadımmı?couldn't I flow? | sensarqalmadıŋmı?couldn't you flow? | olsarqalmadımı?couldn't he flow? | bizsarqalmadıqmı?couldn't we flow? | sizsarqalmadığızmı?couldn't you all flow? | alasarqalmadılamı?couldn't they flow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarqalğanmaI have been able to flow | sensarqalğansayou have been able to flow | olsarqalğandıhe has been able to flow | bizsarqalğanbızwe have been able to flow | sizsarqalğansızyou all have been able to flow | alasarqalğandılathey have been able to flow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarqalmağanmaI haven't been able to flow | sensarqalmağansayou haven't been able to flow | olsarqalmağandıhe hasn't been able to flow | bizsarqalmağanbızwe haven't been able to flow | sizsarqalmağansızyou all haven't been able to flow | alasarqalmağandılathey haven't been able to flow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarqalğanmamı? sarqalğanmıma?have I been able to flow? | sensarqalğanmısa?have you been able to flow? | olsarqalğanmıdı?has he been able to flow? | bizsarqalğanbızmı? sarqalğanmıbız?have we been able to flow? | sizsarqalğanmısız?have you all been able to flow? | alasarqalğanmıdıla?have they been able to flow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarqalmağanmamı? sarqalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to flow? | sensarqalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to flow? | olsarqalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to flow? | bizsarqalmağanbızmı? sarqalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to flow? | sizsarqalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to flow? | alasarqalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to flow? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensarqalğan edimsarqalğanemI had been able to flow | sensarqalğan ediŋsarqalğaneŋyou had been able to flow | olsarqalğan edisarqalğanedhe had been able to flow | bizsarqalğan ediksarqalğanekwe had been able to flow | sizsarqalğan edigizsarqalğanegizyou all had been able to flow | alasarqalğan edilesarqalğanellethey had been able to flow |
| Ability — past perfect | mensarqalmağan edimsarqalmağanemI hadn't been able to flow | sensarqalmağan ediŋsarqalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to flow | olsarqalmağan edisarqalmağanedhe hadn't been able to flow | bizsarqalmağan ediksarqalmağanekwe hadn't been able to flow | sizsarqalmağan edigizsarqalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to flow | alasarqalmağan edilesarqalmağanellethey hadn't been able to flow |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensarqala edimsarqalaemI could flow | sensarqala ediŋsarqalaeŋyou could flow | olsarqala edisarqalaedhe could flow | bizsarqala ediksarqalaekwe could flow | sizsarqala edigizsarqalaegizyou all could flow | alasarqala edilesarqalaellethey could flow |
| Ability — past background | mensarqalmay edimsarqalmayemI could not flow | sensarqalmay ediŋsarqalmayeŋyou could not flow | olsarqalmay edisarqalmayedhe could not flow | bizsarqalmay ediksarqalmayekwe could not flow | sizsarqalmay edigizsarqalmayegizyou all could not flow | alasarqalmay edilesarqalmayellethey could not flow |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensarqalırmaI will be able to flow | sensarqalırsayou will be able to flow | olsarqalırhe will be able to flow | bizsarqalırbızwe will be able to flow | sizsarqalırsızyou all will be able to flow | alasarqalırlathey will be able to flow |
| Ability — future I | mensarqalmazmaI won't be able to flow | sensarqalmazsayou won't be able to flow | olsarqalmazhe won't be able to flow | bizsarqalmazbızwe won't be able to flow | sizsarqalmazsızyou all won't be able to flow | alasarqalmazlathey won't be able to flow |
| Ability — future I | mensarqalırmamı? sarqalırmıma?will I be able to flow? | sensarqalırmısa?will you be able to flow? | olsarqalırmı?will he be able to flow? | bizsarqalırbızmı? sarqalırmıbız?will we be able to flow? | sizsarqalırmısız?will you all be able to flow? | alasarqalırlamı? sarqalırmıla?will they be able to flow? |
| Ability — future I | mensarqalmazmamı? sarqalmazmıma?won't I be able to flow? | sensarqalmazmısa?won't you be able to flow? | olsarqalmazmı?won't he be able to flow? | bizsarqalmazbızmı? sarqalmazmıbız?won't we be able to flow? | sizsarqalmazmısız?won't you all be able to flow? | alasarqalmazlamı? sarqalmazmıla?won't they be able to flow? |
| Ability — future II | mensarqallıqmaI am going to be able to flow | sensarqallıqsayou are going to be able to flow | olsarqallıqdıhe is going to be able to flow | bizsarqallıqbızwe are going to be able to flow | sizsarqallıqsızyou all are going to be able to flow | alasarqallıqdılathey are going to be able to flow |
| Ability — future II | mensarqallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to flow | sensarqallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to flow | olsarqallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to flow | bizsarqallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to flow | sizsarqallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to flow | alasarqallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to flow |
| Ability — future II | mensarqallıqmamı? sarqallıqmıma?am I going to be able to flow? | sensarqallıqmısa?are you going to be able to flow? | olsarqallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to flow? | bizsarqallıqbızmı? sarqallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to flow? | sizsarqallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to flow? | alasarqallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to flow? |
| Ability — future II | mensarqallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to flow? | sensarqallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to flow? | olsarqallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to flow? | bizsarqallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to flow? | sizsarqallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to flow? | alasarqallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to flow? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensarqalır edimsarqalır emI would be able to flow | sensarqalır ediŋsarqalır eŋyou would be able to flow | olsarqalır edisarqalır edhe would be able to flow | bizsarqalır ediksarqalır ekwe would be able to flow | sizsarqalır edigizsarqalır egizyou all would be able to flow | alasarqalır edilesarqalır ellethey would be able to flow |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensarqalmaz edimsarqalmaz emI wouldn't be able to flow | sensarqalmaz ediŋsarqalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to flow | olsarqalmaz edisarqalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to flow | bizsarqalmaz ediksarqalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to flow | sizsarqalmaz edigizsarqalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to flow | alasarqalmaz edilesarqalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to flow |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensarqalğınsarqalğımay you be able to flow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensarqalmağınsarqalmağımay you not be able to flow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensarqarğa izleymeI want to flow | sensarqarğa izleyseyou want to flow | olsarqarğa izleydihe wants to flow | bizsarqarğa izleybizwe want to flow | sizsarqarğa izleysizyou all want to flow | alasarqarğa izleydilethey want to flow |
| want to | mensarqarğa izlemeymeI do not want to flow | sensarqarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to flow | olsarqarğa izlemeydihe does not want to flow | bizsarqarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to flow | sizsarqarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to flow | alasarqarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to flow |
| would like to | mensarqarğa süemeI would like to flow | sensarqarğa süeseyou would like to flow | olsarqarğa süedihe would like to flow | bizsarqarğa süebizwe would like to flow | sizsarqarğa süesizyou all would like to flow | alasarqarğa süedilethey would like to flow |
| would like to | mensarqarğa süymeymeI would not like to flow | sensarqarğa süymeyseyou would not like to flow | olsarqarğa süymeydihe would not like to flow | bizsarqarğa süymeybizwe would not like to flow | sizsarqarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to flow | alasarqarğa süymeydilethey would not like to flow |
| hope to | mensarqarğa umutlanamaI hope to flow | sensarqarğa umutlanasayou hope to flow | olsarqarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to flow | bizsarqarğa umutlanabızwe hope to flow | sizsarqarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to flow | alasarqarğa umutlanadılathey hope to flow |
| hope to | mensarqarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to flow | sensarqarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to flow | olsarqarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to flow | bizsarqarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to flow | sizsarqarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to flow | alasarqarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to flow |
| be about to | mensarqarğa deb turamaI am about to flow | sensarqarğa deb turasayou are about to flow | olsarqarğa deb turadıhe is about to flow | bizsarqarğa deb turabızwe are about to flow | sizsarqarğa deb turasızyou all are about to flow | alasarqarğa deb turadılathey are about to flow |
| be about to | mensarqarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to flow | sensarqarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to flow | olsarqarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to flow | bizsarqarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to flow | sizsarqarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to flow | alasarqarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to flow |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensarqarğa kerekmeI need to flow | sensarqarğa kerekseyou need to flow | olsarqarğa kerekdihe needs to flow | bizsarqarğa kerekbizwe need to flow | sizsarqarğa kereksizyou all need to flow | alasarqarğa kerekdilethey need to flow |
| need to | mensarqarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to flow | sensarqarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to flow | olsarqarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to flow | bizsarqarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to flow | sizsarqarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to flow | alasarqarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to flow |
| have to | menmenŋe sarqarğa tüşediI have to flow | sensenŋe sarqarğa tüşediyou have to flow | olaŋa sarqarğa tüşedihe has to flow | bizbizge sarqarğa tüşediwe have to flow | sizsizge sarqarğa tüşediyou all have to flow | alaalağa sarqarğa tüşedithey have to flow |
| have to | menmenŋe sarqarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to flow | sensenŋe sarqarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to flow | olaŋa sarqarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to flow | bizbizge sarqarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to flow | sizsizge sarqarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to flow | alaalağa sarqarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to flow |
| be obliged to | mensarqarğa borçlumaI am obliged to flow | sensarqarğa borçlusayou are obliged to flow | olsarqarğa borçluduhe is obliged to flow | bizsarqarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to flow | sizsarqarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to flow | alasarqarğa borçludulathey are obliged to flow |
| be obliged to | mensarqarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to flow | sensarqarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to flow | olsarqarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to flow | bizsarqarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to flow | sizsarqarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to flow | alasarqarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to flow |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensarqarğa madarım bardıI have a way to flow | sensarqarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to flow | olsarqarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to flow | bizsarqarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to flow | sizsarqarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to flow | alasarqarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to flow |
| have a way to | mensarqarğa madarım joqduI have no way to flow | sensarqarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to flow | olsarqarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to flow | bizsarqarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to flow | sizsarqarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to flow | alasarqarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to flow |
| be free to | mensarqarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to flow | sensarqarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to flow | olsarqarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to flow | bizsarqarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to flow | sizsarqarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to flow | alasarqarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to flow |
| be free to | mensarqarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to flow | sensarqarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to flow | olsarqarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to flow | bizsarqarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to flow | sizsarqarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to flow | alasarqarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to flow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to flow | sensenŋe sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to flow | olaŋa sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to flow | bizbizge sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to flow | sizsizge sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to flow | alaalağa sarqarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to flow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to flow | sensenŋe sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to flow | olaŋa sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to flow | bizbizge sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to flow | sizsizge sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to flow | alaalağa sarqarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to flow |
| be ready to | mensarqarğa hazırmaI am ready to flow | sensarqarğa hazırsayou are ready to flow | olsarqarğa hazırdıhe is ready to flow | bizsarqarğa hazırbızwe are ready to flow | sizsarqarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to flow | alasarqarğa hazırdılathey are ready to flow |
| be ready to | mensarqarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to flow | sensarqarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to flow | olsarqarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to flow | bizsarqarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to flow | sizsarqarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to flow | alasarqarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to flow |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensarqarğa küreşemeI am trying to flow | sensarqarğa küreşeseyou are trying to flow | olsarqarğa küreşedihe is trying to flow | bizsarqarğa küreşebizwe are trying to flow | sizsarqarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to flow | alasarqarğa küreşedilethey are trying to flow |
| try to | mensarqarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to flow | sensarqarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to flow | olsarqarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to flow | bizsarqarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to flow | sizsarqarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to flow | alasarqarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to flow |
| agree to | mensarqarğa unaymaI agree to flow | sensarqarğa unaysayou agree to flow | olsarqarğa unaydıhe agrees to flow | bizsarqarğa unaybızwe agree to flow | sizsarqarğa unaysızyou all agree to flow | alasarqarğa unaydılathey agree to flow |
| agree to | mensarqarğa unamaymaI refuse to flow | sensarqarğa unamaysayou refuse to flow | olsarqarğa unamaydıhe refuses to flow | bizsarqarğa unamaybızwe refuse to flow | sizsarqarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to flow | alasarqarğa unamaydılathey refuse to flow |
| hurry to | mensarqarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to flow | sensarqarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to flow | olsarqarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to flow | bizsarqarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to flow | sizsarqarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to flow | alasarqarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to flow |
| hurry to | mensarqarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to flow | sensarqarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to flow | olsarqarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to flow | bizsarqarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to flow | sizsarqarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to flow | alasarqarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to flow |
| be afraid to | mensarqarğa qorqamaI am afraid to flow | sensarqarğa qorqasayou are afraid to flow | olsarqarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to flow | bizsarqarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to flow | sizsarqarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to flow | alasarqarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to flow |
| be afraid to | mensarqarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to flow | sensarqarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to flow | olsarqarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to flow | bizsarqarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to flow | sizsarqarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to flow | alasarqarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to flow |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensarqa bolmazmaI can't be flowing | sensarqa bolmazsayou can't be flowing | olsarqa bolmazhe can't be flowing | bizsarqa bolmazbızwe can't be flowing | sizsarqa bolmazsızyou all can't be flowing | alasarqa bolmazlathey can't be flowing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensarqmay bolmazmaI must be flowing (emphatic) | sensarqmay bolmazsayou must be flowing (emphatic) | olsarqmay bolmazhe must be flowing (emphatic) | bizsarqmay bolmazbızwe must be flowing (emphatic) | sizsarqmay bolmazsızyou all must be flowing (emphatic) | alasarqmay bolmazlathey must be flowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensarqa turmasamif I don't keep flowing | sensarqa turmasaŋif you don't keep flowing | olsarqa turmasaif he doesn't keep flowing | bizsarqa turmasaqif we don't keep flowing | sizsarqa turmasağızif you all don't keep flowing | alasarqa turmasalaif they don't keep flowing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensarqa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of flowing | sensarqa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of flowing | olsarqa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of flowing | bizsarqa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of flowing | sizsarqa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of flowing | alasarqa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of flowing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensarqmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not flowing (emphatic) | sensarqmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not flowing (emphatic) | olsarqmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not flowing (emphatic) | bizsarqmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not flowing (emphatic) | sizsarqmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not flowing (emphatic) | alasarqmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not flowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensarqmay turamaI keep on not flowing | sensarqmay turasayou keep on not flowing | olsarqmay turadıhe keeps on not flowing | bizsarqmay turabızwe keep on not flowing | sizsarqmay turasızyou all keep on not flowing | alasarqmay turadılathey keep on not flowing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensarqmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not flowing | sensarqmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not flowing | olsarqmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not flowing | bizsarqmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not flowing | sizsarqmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not flowing | alasarqmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not flowing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensarqmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not flowing? | sensarqmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not flowing? | olsarqmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not flowing? | bizsarqmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not flowing? | sizsarqmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not flowing? | alasarqmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not flowing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensarqğan bolmazmaI can't have flowed | sensarqğan bolmazsayou can't have flowed | olsarqğan bolmazhe can't have flowed | bizsarqğan bolmazbızwe can't have flowed | sizsarqğan bolmazsızyou all can't have flowed | alasarqğan bolmazlathey can't have flowed |
| Inference — double negation | mensarqmağan bolmazmaI must have flowed (emphatic) | sensarqmağan bolmazsayou must have flowed (emphatic) | olsarqmağan bolmazhe must have flowed (emphatic) | bizsarqmağan bolmazbızwe must have flowed (emphatic) | sizsarqmağan bolmazsızyou all must have flowed (emphatic) | alasarqmağan bolmazlathey must have flowed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensarqğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had flowed | sensarqğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had flowed | olsarqğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had flowed | bizsarqğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had flowed | sizsarqğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had flowed | alasarqğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had flowed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensarqmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't flowed | sensarqmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't flowed | olsarqmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't flowed | bizsarqmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't flowed | sizsarqmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't flowed | alasarqmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't flowed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensarqarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to flow | sensarqarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to flow | olsarqarıq bolmazhe can't be going to flow | bizsarqarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to flow | sizsarqarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to flow | alasarqarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to flow |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensarqmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to flow (emphatic) | sensarqmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to flow (emphatic) | olsarqmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to flow (emphatic) | bizsarqmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to flow (emphatic) | sizsarqmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to flow (emphatic) | alasarqmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to flow (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensarqarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to flow | sensarqarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to flow | olsarqarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to flow | bizsarqarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to flow | sizsarqarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to flow | alasarqarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to flow |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensarqmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to flow | sensarqmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to flow | olsarqmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to flow | bizsarqmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to flow | sizsarqmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to flow | alasarqmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to flow |