quwarğa
/quwarʁa/
1. drive, drive off, chase away
- mal quwarğa — to drive the cattle
- üyden quwarğa — to drive out of the house
- quwub jiberirge — to chase away
- quwub jıyarğa — to round up by driving
- jel quwğan çapıraqla — leaves driven by the wind
2. chase, pursue, run after
- ızından quwarğa — to pursue someone
- it qaznı quwub aylanadı — the dog is chasing the goose about
- quwub jeterge — to catch up with someone
3. drive on, make someone run faster, hurry along one source
- atnı quwarğa — to drive the horse on
- arbaçı atlanı quwadı — the cart driver drives the horses on
- atlanı terk quwdum — I drove the horses on fast
- quwub tebrerge — to set off at a drive
4. strive for, be after, pursue (a goal)
- baylıqnı quwarğa — to be after wealth
- baylıqnı quwğanla da tübeydile — there are also those who chase after wealth
- biz kişige amanlıq quwmaybız — we seek to harm no one
5. hound, persecute, oppress one source
- halqnı quwarğa — to persecute a people
- jarlını quwarğa — to oppress the poor man
- anı köb quwğandıla — they hounded him a lot
6. give no peace, torment (of thoughts) one source
- sağışla meni quwadıla — the thoughts give me no peace
- ol sağış anı quwadı — that thought torments him
- qayğı jürekni quwadı — worry gives the heart no peace
7. send someone off on an errand no dictionary source
- jaşçıqnı tükenŋe quwduq — we sent the boy off to the shop
- işge quwarğa — to send someone off to work
- anı elge quwğandıla — they sent him off to the village
8. cover, serve (of a male animal mating) — Veterinary term. This is the homonym printed as quwarğa II. one source
- iynekni quwarğa — to serve the cow
- buğa iynekni quwadı — the bull covers the cow
- qoçhar qoynu quwğandı — the ram covered the ewe
Expressions
- quwğanın tabarğa — get one's comeuppance
Conjugation
Common forms
- quwadıhe is driving
- quwduhe drove
- quwğandıhe has driven
- quwarhe will drive
- quwarıqdıhe is going to drive
- quwa edihe was driving
- quwsaif he drives
- quw!drive!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwamaI am driving | senquwasayou are driving | olquwadıhe is driving | bizquwabızwe are driving | sizquwasızyou all are driving | alaquwadılathey are driving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwmaymaI am not driving | senquwmaysayou are not driving | olquwmaydıhe is not driving | bizquwmaybızwe are not driving | sizquwmaysızyou all are not driving | alaquwmaydılathey are not driving |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwamamı? quwamıma?am I driving? | senquwamısa?are you driving? | olquwamıdı?is he driving? | bizquwabızmı? quwamıbız?are we driving? | sizquwamısız?are you all driving? | alaquwamıdıla?are they driving? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menquwmaymamı? quwmaymıma?aren't I driving? | senquwmaymısa?aren't you driving? | olquwmaymıdı?isn't he driving? | bizquwmaybızmı? quwmaymıbız?aren't we driving? | sizquwmaymısız?aren't you all driving? | alaquwmaymıdıla?aren't they driving? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwwçanmaI usually drive | senquwwçansayou usually drive | olquwwçandıhe usually drives | bizquwwçanbızwe usually drive | sizquwwçansızyou all usually drive | alaquwwçandılathey usually drive |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwmawçanmaI usually don't drive | senquwmawçansayou usually don't drive | olquwmawçandıhe usually doesn't drive | bizquwmawçanbızwe usually don't drive | sizquwmawçansızyou all usually don't drive | alaquwmawçandılathey usually don't drive |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwwçanmamı? quwwçanmıma?do I usually drive? | senquwwçanmısa?do you usually drive? | olquwwçanmıdı?does he usually drive? | bizquwwçanbızmı? quwwçanmıbız?do we usually drive? | sizquwwçanmısız?do you all usually drive? | alaquwwçanmıdıla?do they usually drive? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menquwmawçanmamı? quwmawçanmıma?do I usually not drive? | senquwmawçanmısa?do you usually not drive? | olquwmawçanmıdı?does he usually not drive? | bizquwmawçanbızmı? quwmawçanmıbız?do we usually not drive? | sizquwmawçanmısız?do you all usually not drive? | alaquwmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not drive? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwubduhe has driven and remains so | alaquwubdulathey have driven and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olquwubmudu?has he driven? | alaquwubmudula?have they driven? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwub turamaI keep driving | senquwub turasayou keep driving | olquwub turadıhe keeps driving | bizquwub turabızwe keep driving | sizquwub turasızyou all keep driving | alaquwub turadılathey keep driving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwub turmaymaI don't keep driving | senquwub turmaysayou don't keep driving | olquwub turmaydıhe doesn't keep driving | bizquwub turmaybızwe don't keep driving | sizquwub turmaysızyou all don't keep driving | alaquwub turmaydılathey don't keep driving |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwub turamamı? quwub turamıma?do I keep driving? | senquwub turamısa?do you keep driving? | olquwub turamıdı?does he keep driving? | bizquwub turabızmı? quwub turamıbız?do we keep driving? | sizquwub turamısız?do you all keep driving? | alaquwub turamıdıla?do they keep driving? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menquwub turmaymamı? quwub turmaymıma?don't I keep driving? | senquwub turmaymısa?don't you keep driving? | olquwub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep driving? | bizquwub turmaybızmı? quwub turmaymıbız?don't we keep driving? | sizquwub turmaymısız?don't you all keep driving? | alaquwub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep driving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwa turamaI am in the middle of driving | senquwa turasayou are in the middle of driving | olquwa turadıhe is in the middle of driving | bizquwa turabızwe are in the middle of driving | sizquwa turasızyou all are in the middle of driving | alaquwa turadılathey are in the middle of driving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwa turmaymaI am not in the middle of driving | senquwa turmaysayou are not in the middle of driving | olquwa turmaydıhe is not in the middle of driving | bizquwa turmaybızwe are not in the middle of driving | sizquwa turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of driving | alaquwa turmaydılathey are not in the middle of driving |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwa turamamı? quwa turamıma?am I in the middle of driving? | senquwa turamısa?are you in the middle of driving? | olquwa turamıdı?is he in the middle of driving? | bizquwa turabızmı? quwa turamıbız?are we in the middle of driving? | sizquwa turamısız?are you all in the middle of driving? | alaquwa turamıdıla?are they in the middle of driving? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menquwa turmaymamı? quwa turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of driving? | senquwa turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of driving? | olquwa turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of driving? | bizquwa turmaybızmı? quwa turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of driving? | sizquwa turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of driving? | alaquwa turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of driving? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwdumI drove | senquwduŋyou drove | olquwduhe drove | bizquwduqwe drove | sizquwduğuzyou all drove | alaquwdulathey drove |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwmadımI didn't drive | senquwmadıŋyou didn't drive | olquwmadıhe didn't drive | bizquwmadıqwe didn't drive | sizquwmadığızyou all didn't drive | alaquwmadılathey didn't drive |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwdummu?did I drive? | senquwduŋmu?did you drive? | olquwdumu?did he drive? | bizquwduqmu?did we drive? | sizquwduğuzmu?did you all drive? | alaquwdulamı?did they drive? |
| Simple past (definite) | menquwmadımmı?didn't I drive? | senquwmadıŋmı?didn't you drive? | olquwmadımı?didn't he drive? | bizquwmadıqmı?didn't we drive? | sizquwmadığızmı?didn't you all drive? | alaquwmadılamı?didn't they drive? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwğanmaI have driven | senquwğansayou have driven | olquwğandıhe has driven | bizquwğanbızwe have driven | sizquwğansızyou all have driven | alaquwğandılathey have driven |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwmağanmaI haven't driven | senquwmağansayou haven't driven | olquwmağandıhe hasn't driven | bizquwmağanbızwe haven't driven | sizquwmağansızyou all haven't driven | alaquwmağandılathey haven't driven |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwğanmamı? quwğanmıma?have I driven? | senquwğanmısa?have you driven? | olquwğanmıdı?has he driven? | bizquwğanbızmı? quwğanmıbız?have we driven? | sizquwğanmısız?have you all driven? | alaquwğanmıdıla?have they driven? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menquwmağanmamı? quwmağanmıma?haven't I driven? | senquwmağanmısa?haven't you driven? | olquwmağanmıdı?hasn't he driven? | bizquwmağanbızmı? quwmağanmıbız?haven't we driven? | sizquwmağanmısız?haven't you all driven? | alaquwmağanmıdıla?haven't they driven? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwub turdumI kept driving | senquwub turduŋyou kept driving | olquwub turduhe kept driving | bizquwub turduqwe kept driving | sizquwub turduğuzyou all kept driving | alaquwub turdulathey kept driving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menquwub turmadımI didn't keep driving | senquwub turmadıŋyou didn't keep driving | olquwub turmadıhe didn't keep driving | bizquwub turmadıqwe didn't keep driving | sizquwub turmadığızyou all didn't keep driving | alaquwub turmadılathey didn't keep driving |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwarmaI will drive | senquwarsayou will drive | olquwarhe will drive | bizquwarbızwe will drive | sizquwarsızyou all will drive | alaquwarlathey will drive |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwmazmaI won't drive | senquwmazsayou won't drive | olquwmazhe won't drive | bizquwmazbızwe won't drive | sizquwmazsızyou all won't drive | alaquwmazlathey won't drive |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwarmamı? quwarmıma?will I drive? | senquwarmısa?will you drive? | olquwarmı?will he drive? | bizquwarbızmı? quwarmıbız?will we drive? | sizquwarmısız?will you all drive? | alaquwarlamı? quwarmıla?will they drive? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menquwmazmamı? quwmazmıma?won't I drive? | senquwmazmısa?won't you drive? | olquwmazmı?won't he drive? | bizquwmazbızmı? quwmazmıbız?won't we drive? | sizquwmazmısız?won't you all drive? | alaquwmazlamı? quwmazmıla?won't they drive? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwarıqmaI am going to drive | senquwarıqsayou are going to drive | olquwarıqdıhe is going to drive | bizquwarıqbızwe are going to drive | sizquwarıqsızyou all are going to drive | alaquwarıqdılathey are going to drive |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwarıq tülmeI am not going to drive | senquwarıq tülseyou are not going to drive | olquwarıq tüldühe is not going to drive | bizquwarıq tülbüzwe are not going to drive | sizquwarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to drive | alaquwarıq tüldülethey are not going to drive |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwarıqmamı? quwarıqmıma?am I going to drive? | senquwarıqmısa?are you going to drive? | olquwarıqmıdı?is he going to drive? | bizquwarıqbızmı? quwarıqmıbız?are we going to drive? | sizquwarıqmısız?are you all going to drive? | alaquwarıqmıdıla?are they going to drive? |
| Definite future (future II) | menquwarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to drive? | senquwarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to drive? | olquwarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to drive? | bizquwarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to drive? | sizquwarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to drive? | alaquwarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to drive? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwğan edimquwğanemI had driven | senquwğan ediŋquwğaneŋyou had driven | olquwğan ediquwğanedhe had driven | bizquwğan edikquwğanekwe had driven | sizquwğan edigizquwğanegizyou all had driven | alaquwğan edilequwğanellethey had driven |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menquwmağan edimquwmağanemI hadn't driven | senquwmağan ediŋquwmağaneŋyou hadn't driven | olquwmağan ediquwmağanedhe hadn't driven | bizquwmağan edikquwmağanekwe hadn't driven | sizquwmağan edigizquwmağanegizyou all hadn't driven | alaquwmağan edilequwmağanellethey hadn't driven |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwa edimquwaemI was driving | senquwa ediŋquwaeŋyou were driving | olquwa ediquwaedhe was driving | bizquwa edikquwaekwe were driving | sizquwa edigizquwaegizyou all were driving | alaquwa edilequwaellethey were driving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menquwmay edimquwmayemI wasn't driving | senquwmay ediŋquwmayeŋyou weren't driving | olquwmay ediquwmayedhe wasn't driving | bizquwmay edikquwmayekwe weren't driving | sizquwmay edigizquwmayegizyou all weren't driving | alaquwmay edilequwmayellethey weren't driving |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwwçan edimquwwçanemI used to drive | senquwwçan ediŋquwwçaneŋyou used to drive | olquwwçan ediquwwçanedhe used to drive | bizquwwçan edikquwwçanekwe used to drive | sizquwwçan edigizquwwçanegizyou all used to drive | alaquwwçan edilequwwçanellethey used to drive |
| Habitual past (used to) | menquwmawçan edimquwmawçanemI didn't use to drive | senquwmawçan ediŋquwmawçaneŋyou didn't use to drive | olquwmawçan ediquwmawçanedhe didn't use to drive | bizquwmawçan edikquwmawçanekwe didn't use to drive | sizquwmawçan edigizquwmawçanegizyou all didn't use to drive | alaquwmawçan edilequwmawçanellethey didn't use to drive |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwub edihe had driven and remained so | alaquwub edilethey had driven and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olquwub tül edihe hadn't driven | alaquwub tül edilethey hadn't driven | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwub tura edimquwub turaemI had kept driving | senquwub tura ediŋquwub turaeŋyou had kept driving | olquwub tura ediquwub turaedhe had kept driving | bizquwub tura edikquwub turaekwe had kept driving | sizquwub tura edigizquwub turaegizyou all had kept driving | alaquwub tura edilequwub turaellethey had kept driving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menquwub turmay edimquwub turmayemI hadn't kept driving | senquwub turmay ediŋquwub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept driving | olquwub turmay ediquwub turmayedhe hadn't kept driving | bizquwub turmay edikquwub turmayekwe hadn't kept driving | sizquwub turmay edigizquwub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept driving | alaquwub turmay edilequwub turmayellethey hadn't kept driving |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwa tura edimquwa turaemI was in the middle of driving | senquwa tura ediŋquwa turaeŋyou were in the middle of driving | olquwa tura ediquwa turaedhe was in the middle of driving | bizquwa tura edikquwa turaekwe were in the middle of driving | sizquwa tura edigizquwa turaegizyou all were in the middle of driving | alaquwa tura edilequwa turaellethey were in the middle of driving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menquwa turmay edimquwa turmayemI wasn't in the middle of driving | senquwa turmay ediŋquwa turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of driving | olquwa turmay ediquwa turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of driving | bizquwa turmay edikquwa turmayekwe weren't in the middle of driving | sizquwa turmay edigizquwa turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of driving | alaquwa turmay edilequwa turmayellethey weren't in the middle of driving |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menquwar edimquwar emI would drive | senquwar ediŋquwar eŋyou would drive | olquwar ediquwar edhe would drive | bizquwar edikquwar ekwe would drive | sizquwar edigizquwar egizyou all would drive | alaquwar edilequwar ellethey would drive |
| Conditional result (would) | menquwmaz edimquwmaz emI wouldn't drive | senquwmaz ediŋquwmaz eŋyou wouldn't drive | olquwmaz ediquwmaz edhe wouldn't drive | bizquwmaz edikquwmaz ekwe wouldn't drive | sizquwmaz edigizquwmaz egizyou all wouldn't drive | alaquwmaz edilequwmaz ellethey wouldn't drive |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwarıq edimquwarıq emI would have driven | senquwarıq ediŋquwarıq eŋyou would have driven | olquwarıq ediquwarıq edhe would have driven | bizquwarıq edikquwarıq ekwe would have driven | sizquwarıq edigizquwarıq egizyou all would have driven | alaquwarıq edilequwarıq ellethey would have driven |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menquwarıq tül edimquwarıq tül emI wouldn't have driven | senquwarıq tül ediŋquwarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have driven | olquwarıq tül ediquwarıq tül edhe wouldn't have driven | bizquwarıq tül edikquwarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have driven | sizquwarıq tül edigizquwarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have driven | alaquwarıq tül edilequwarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have driven |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menquwsamif I drive | senquwsaŋif you drive | olquwsaif he drives | bizquwsaqif we drive | sizquwsağızif you all drive | alaquwsalaif they drive |
| Conditional | menquwmasamif I don't drive | senquwmasaŋif you don't drive | olquwmasaif he doesn't drive | bizquwmasaqif we don't drive | sizquwmasağızif you all don't drive | alaquwmasalaif they don't drive |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menquwa esemif I am driving | senquwa eseŋif you are driving | olquwa eseif he is driving | bizquwa esekif we are driving | sizquwa esegizif you all are driving | alaquwa eseleif they are driving |
| Conditional, present real | menquwmay esemif I am not driving | senquwmay eseŋif you are not driving | olquwmay eseif he is not driving | bizquwmay esekif we are not driving | sizquwmay esegizif you all are not driving | alaquwmay eseleif they are not driving |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwsam ediquwsam edif only I drove | senquwsaŋ ediquwsaŋ edif only you drove | olquwsa ediquwsaedif only he drove | bizquwsaq ediquwsaq edif only we drove | sizquwsağız ediquwsağız edif only you all drove | alaquwsala ediquwsalaedif only they drove |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menquwmasam ediquwmasam edif only I didn't drive | senquwmasaŋ ediquwmasaŋ edif only you didn't drive | olquwmasa ediquwmasaedif only he didn't drive | bizquwmasaq ediquwmasaq edif only we didn't drive | sizquwmasağız ediquwmasağız edif only you all didn't drive | alaquwmasala ediquwmasalaedif only they didn't drive |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menquwub tursamif I carry on driving | senquwub tursaŋif you carry on driving | olquwub tursaif he carries on driving | bizquwub tursaqif we carry on driving | sizquwub tursağızif you all carry on driving | alaquwub tursalaif they carry on driving |
| Durative conditional | menquwub turmasamif I don't carry on driving | senquwub turmasaŋif you don't carry on driving | olquwub turmasaif he doesn't carry on driving | bizquwub turmasaqif we don't carry on driving | sizquwub turmasağızif you all don't carry on driving | alaquwub turmasalaif they don't carry on driving |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwub tura esemif I have kept driving | senquwub tura eseŋif you have kept driving | olquwub tura eseif he has kept driving | bizquwub tura esekif we have kept driving | sizquwub tura esegizif you all have kept driving | alaquwub tura eseleif they have kept driving |
| Durative conditional, present real | menquwub turmay esemif I haven't kept driving | senquwub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept driving | olquwub turmay eseif he hasn't kept driving | bizquwub turmay esekif we haven't kept driving | sizquwub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept driving | alaquwub turmay eseleif they haven't kept driving |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menquwa tursamif I keep driving | senquwa tursaŋif you keep driving | olquwa tursaif he keeps driving | bizquwa tursaqif we keep driving | sizquwa tursağızif you all keep driving | alaquwa tursalaif they keep driving |
| Progressive conditional | menquwmay tursamif I keep on not driving | senquwmay tursaŋif you keep on not driving | olquwmay tursaif he keeps on not driving | bizquwmay tursaqif we keep on not driving | sizquwmay tursağızif you all keep on not driving | alaquwmay tursalaif they keep on not driving |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwa tura esemif I am in the middle of driving | senquwa tura eseŋif you are in the middle of driving | olquwa tura eseif he is in the middle of driving | bizquwa tura esekif we are in the middle of driving | sizquwa tura esegizif you all are in the middle of driving | alaquwa tura eseleif they are in the middle of driving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menquwmay tura esemif I keep on not driving | senquwmay tura eseŋif you keep on not driving | olquwmay tura eseif he keeps on not driving | bizquwmay tura esekif we keep on not driving | sizquwmay tura esegizif you all keep on not driving | alaquwmay tura eseleif they keep on not driving |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquwdum esemif I drove | senquwduŋ eseŋif you drove | olquwdu eseif he drove | bizquwduq esekif we drove | sizquwduğuz esegizif you all drove | alaquwdula eseleif they drove |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menquwmadım esemif I didn't drive | senquwmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't drive | olquwmadı eseif he didn't drive | bizquwmadıq esekif we didn't drive | sizquwmadığız esegizif you all didn't drive | alaquwmadıla eseleif they didn't drive |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menquwğan esemif I did drive (indeed) | senquwğan eseŋif you did drive (indeed) | olquwğan eseif he did drive (indeed) | bizquwğan esekif we did drive (indeed) | sizquwğan esegizif you all did drive (indeed) | alaquwğan eseleif they did drive (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menquwmağan esemif I didn't drive (indeed) | senquwmağan eseŋif you didn't drive (indeed) | olquwmağan eseif he didn't drive (indeed) | bizquwmağan esekif we didn't drive (indeed) | sizquwmağan esegizif you all didn't drive (indeed) | alaquwmağan eseleif they didn't drive (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwğan bolsamif I had driven | senquwğan bolsaŋif you had driven | olquwğan bolsaif he had driven | bizquwğan bolsaqif we had driven | sizquwğan bolsağızif you all had driven | alaquwğan bolsalaif they had driven |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menquwmağan bolsamif I hadn't driven | senquwmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't driven | olquwmağan bolsaif he hadn't driven | bizquwmağan bolsaqif we hadn't driven | sizquwmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't driven | alaquwmağan bolsalaif they hadn't driven |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwğan bolsam ediquwğan bolsam edif only I had driven | senquwğan bolsaŋ ediquwğan bolsaŋ edif only you had driven | olquwğan bolsa ediquwğan bolsaedif only he had driven | bizquwğan bolsaq ediquwğan bolsaq edif only we had driven | sizquwğan bolsağız ediquwğan bolsağız edif only you all had driven | alaquwğan bolsala ediquwğan bolsalaedif only they had driven |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menquwmağan bolsam ediquwmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't driven | senquwmağan bolsaŋ ediquwmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't driven | olquwmağan bolsa ediquwmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't driven | bizquwmağan bolsaq ediquwmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't driven | sizquwmağan bolsağız ediquwmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't driven | alaquwmağan bolsala ediquwmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't driven |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menquwar esemif I will drive | senquwar eseŋif you will drive | olquwar eseif he will drive | bizquwar esekif we will drive | sizquwar esegizif you all will drive | alaquwar eseleif they will drive |
| Conditional, aorist | menquwmaz esemif I won't drive | senquwmaz eseŋif you won't drive | olquwmaz eseif he won't drive | bizquwmaz esekif we won't drive | sizquwmaz esegizif you all won't drive | alaquwmaz eseleif they won't drive |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menquwarıq esemif I am going to drive | senquwarıq eseŋif you are going to drive | olquwarıq eseif he is going to drive | bizquwarıq esekif we are going to drive | sizquwarıq esegizif you all are going to drive | alaquwarıq eseleif they are going to drive |
| Conditional, future | menquwarıq tül esemif I am not going to drive | senquwarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to drive | olquwarıq tül eseif he is not going to drive | bizquwarıq tül esekif we are not going to drive | sizquwarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to drive | alaquwarıq tül eseleif they are not going to drive |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwarıq bolsamif I were going to drive | senquwarıq bolsaŋif you were going to drive | olquwarıq bolsaif he were going to drive | bizquwarıq bolsaqif we were going to drive | sizquwarıq bolsağızif you all were going to drive | alaquwarıq bolsalaif they were going to drive |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menquwmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to drive | senquwmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to drive | olquwmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to drive | bizquwmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to drive | sizquwmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to drive | alaquwmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to drive |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso quwduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwa bolurmaI must be driving | senquwa bolursayou must be driving | olquwa bolurhe must be driving | bizquwa bolurbuzwe must be driving | sizquwa bolursuzyou all must be driving | alaquwa bolurlathey must be driving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menquwmay bolurmaI must not be driving | senquwmay bolursayou must not be driving | olquwmay bolurhe must not be driving | bizquwmay bolurbuzwe must not be driving | sizquwmay bolursuzyou all must not be driving | alaquwmay bolurlathey must not be driving |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwa tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of driving | senquwa tura bolursayou must be in the middle of driving | olquwa tura bolurhe must be in the middle of driving | bizquwa tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of driving | sizquwa tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of driving | alaquwa tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of driving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menquwmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not driving | senquwmay tura bolursayou must keep on not driving | olquwmay tura bolurhe must keep on not driving | bizquwmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not driving | sizquwmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not driving | alaquwmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not driving |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menquwğan bolurmaI must have driven | senquwğan bolursayou must have driven | olquwğan bolurhe must have driven | bizquwğan bolurbuzwe must have driven | sizquwğan bolursuzyou all must have driven | alaquwğan bolurlathey must have driven |
| Inference (must have) | menquwmağan bolurmaI must not have driven | senquwmağan bolursayou must not have driven | olquwmağan bolurhe must not have driven | bizquwmağan bolurbuzwe must not have driven | sizquwmağan bolursuzyou all must not have driven | alaquwmağan bolurlathey must not have driven |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwarıq bolurmaI must be going to drive | senquwarıq bolursayou must be going to drive | olquwarıq bolurhe must be going to drive | bizquwarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to drive | sizquwarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to drive | alaquwarıq bolurlathey must be going to drive |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menquwmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to drive | senquwmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to drive | olquwmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to drive | bizquwmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to drive | sizquwmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to drive | alaquwmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to drive |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menquwayımlet me drive | senquw!drive! | olquwsunlet him drive | bizquwayıqlet's drive | sizquwuğuz!drive, you all! | alaquwsunlalet them drive |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwmayımlet me not drive | senquwma!don't drive! | olquwmasınlet him not drive | bizquwmayıqlet's not drive | sizquwmağız!don't drive, you all! | alaquwmasınlalet them not drive |
| Commands & suggestions | menquwayımmı?shall I drive? | olquwsunmu?should he drive? | bizquwayıqmı?shall we drive? | alaquwsunlamı?should they drive? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menquwmayımmı?shall I not drive? | olquwmasınmı?should he not drive? | bizquwmayıqmı?shall we not drive? | alaquwmasınlamı?should they not drive? | ||
| Requests | senquwçu2quwçunplease drive | olquwsunçudo let him drive | sizquwçuğuzplease drive (plural/polite) | alaquwsunlaçıdo let them drive | ||
| Requests | senquwmaçı2quwmaçınplease don't drive | olquwmasınçıdo let him not drive | sizquwmaçığızplease don't drive (plural/polite) | alaquwmasınlaçıdo let them not drive | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwğunquwğumay you drive | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senquwmağınquwmağımay you not drive | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwğay edim quwğa edimwould that I drove | senquwğay ediŋ quwğa ediŋwould that you drove | olquwğay edi quwğa ediwould that he drove | bizquwğay edik quwğa edikwould that we drove | sizquwğay edigiz quwğa edigizwould that you all drove | alaquwğay edile quwğa edilewould that they drove |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menquwmağay edim quwmağa edimwould that I did not drive | senquwmağay ediŋ quwmağa ediŋwould that you did not drive | olquwmağay edi quwmağa ediwould that he did not drive | bizquwmağay edik quwmağa edikwould that we did not drive | sizquwmağay edigiz quwmağa edigizwould that you all did not drive | alaquwmağay edile quwmağa edilewould that they did not drive |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwmağa qoyayımquwma qoyayımlet me allow someone to drive | senquwmağa qoy!quwma qoy!let someone drive! | olquwmağa qoysunquwma qoysunlet him allow someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoyayıqquwma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoyuğuz!quwma qoyuğuz!let someone drive, you all! | alaquwmağa qoysunlaquwma qoysunlalet them allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwmağa qoymayımquwma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to drive | senquwmağa qoyma!quwma qoyma!don't let someone drive! | olquwmağa qoymasınquwma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoymayıqquwma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoymağız!quwma qoymağız!don't let someone drive, you all! | alaquwmağa qoymasınlaquwma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwmağa qoyayımmı?quwma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoysunmu?quwma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoyayıqmı?quwma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoysunlamı?quwma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to drive? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menquwmağa qoymayımmı?quwma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoymasınmı?quwma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoymayıqmı?quwma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoymasınlamı?quwma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to drive? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menquwmağa qoyamaquwma qoyamaI allow someone to drive | senquwmağa qoyasaquwma qoyasayou allow someone to drive | olquwmağa qoyadıquwma qoyadıhe allows someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoyabızquwma qoyabızwe allow someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoyasızquwma qoyasızyou all allow someone to drive | alaquwmağa qoyadılaquwma qoyadılathey allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwmağa qoymaymaquwma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to drive | senquwmağa qoymaysaquwma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to drive | olquwmağa qoymaydıquwma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoymaybızquwma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoymaysızquwma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to drive | alaquwmağa qoymaydılaquwma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwmağa qoyamamı?quwma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to drive? | senquwmağa qoyamısa?quwma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoyamıdı?quwma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoyabızmı?quwma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to drive? | sizquwmağa qoyamısız?quwma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoyamıdıla?quwma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (present) | menquwmağa qoymaymamı?quwma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to drive? | senquwmağa qoymaymısa?quwma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoymaymıdı?quwma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoymaybızmı?quwma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to drive? | sizquwmağa qoymaymısız?quwma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoymaymıdıla?quwma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwmağa qoydumquwma qoydumI allowed someone to drive | senquwmağa qoyduŋquwma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to drive | olquwmağa qoyduquwma qoyduhe allowed someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoyduqquwma qoyduqwe allowed someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoyduğuzquwma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to drive | alaquwmağa qoydulaquwma qoydulathey allowed someone to drive |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwmağa qoymadımquwma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to drive | senquwmağa qoymadıŋquwma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to drive | olquwmağa qoymadıquwma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to drive | bizquwmağa qoymadıqquwma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to drive | sizquwmağa qoymadığızquwma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to drive | alaquwmağa qoymadılaquwma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to drive |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwmağa qoydummu?quwma qoydummu?did I allow someone to drive? | senquwmağa qoyduŋmu?quwma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoydumu?quwma qoydumu?did he allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoyduqmu?quwma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to drive? | sizquwmağa qoyduğuzmu?quwma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoydulamı?quwma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to drive? |
| Let someone… (past) | menquwmağa qoymadımmı?quwma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to drive? | senquwmağa qoymadıŋmı?quwma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to drive? | olquwmağa qoymadımı?quwma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to drive? | bizquwmağa qoymadıqmı?quwma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to drive? | sizquwmağa qoymadığızmı?quwma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to drive? | alaquwmağa qoymadılamı?quwma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to drive? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
quwalırğa be able to drive · quwalmazğa be unable to drive
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menquwalamaI can drive | senquwalasayou can drive | olquwaladıhe can drive | bizquwalabızwe can drive | sizquwalasızyou all can drive | alaquwaladılathey can drive |
| Ability — present | menquwalmaymaI can't drive | senquwalmaysayou can't drive | olquwalmaydıhe can't drive | bizquwalmaybızwe can't drive | sizquwalmaysızyou all can't drive | alaquwalmaydılathey can't drive |
| Ability — present | menquwalamamı? quwalamıma?can I drive? | senquwalamısa?can you drive? | olquwalamıdı?can he drive? | bizquwalabızmı? quwalamıbız?can we drive? | sizquwalamısız?can you all drive? | alaquwalamıdıla?can they drive? |
| Ability — present | menquwalmaymamı? quwalmaymıma?can't I drive? | senquwalmaymısa?can't you drive? | olquwalmaymıdı?can't he drive? | bizquwalmaybızmı? quwalmaymıbız?can't we drive? | sizquwalmaymısız?can't you all drive? | alaquwalmaymıdıla?can't they drive? |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwalsamif I can drive | senquwalsaŋif you can drive | olquwalsaif he can drive | bizquwalsaqif we can drive | sizquwalsağızif you all can drive | alaquwalsalaif they can drive |
| Ability — if I can… | menquwalmasamif I can't drive | senquwalmasaŋif you can't drive | olquwalmasaif he can't drive | bizquwalmasaqif we can't drive | sizquwalmasağızif you all can't drive | alaquwalmasalaif they can't drive |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menquwaldımI was able to drive | senquwaldıŋyou were able to drive | olquwaldıhe was able to drive | bizquwaldıqwe were able to drive | sizquwaldığızyou all were able to drive | alaquwaldılathey were able to drive |
| Ability — simple past | menquwalmadımI could not drive | senquwalmadıŋyou could not drive | olquwalmadıhe could not drive | bizquwalmadıqwe could not drive | sizquwalmadığızyou all could not drive | alaquwalmadılathey could not drive |
| Ability — simple past | menquwaldımmı?was I able to drive? | senquwaldıŋmı?were you able to drive? | olquwaldımı?was he able to drive? | bizquwaldıqmı?were we able to drive? | sizquwaldığızmı?were you all able to drive? | alaquwaldılamı?were they able to drive? |
| Ability — simple past | menquwalmadımmı?couldn't I drive? | senquwalmadıŋmı?couldn't you drive? | olquwalmadımı?couldn't he drive? | bizquwalmadıqmı?couldn't we drive? | sizquwalmadığızmı?couldn't you all drive? | alaquwalmadılamı?couldn't they drive? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalğanmaI have been able to drive | senquwalğansayou have been able to drive | olquwalğandıhe has been able to drive | bizquwalğanbızwe have been able to drive | sizquwalğansızyou all have been able to drive | alaquwalğandılathey have been able to drive |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalmağanmaI haven't been able to drive | senquwalmağansayou haven't been able to drive | olquwalmağandıhe hasn't been able to drive | bizquwalmağanbızwe haven't been able to drive | sizquwalmağansızyou all haven't been able to drive | alaquwalmağandılathey haven't been able to drive |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalğanmamı? quwalğanmıma?have I been able to drive? | senquwalğanmısa?have you been able to drive? | olquwalğanmıdı?has he been able to drive? | bizquwalğanbızmı? quwalğanmıbız?have we been able to drive? | sizquwalğanmısız?have you all been able to drive? | alaquwalğanmıdıla?have they been able to drive? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menquwalmağanmamı? quwalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to drive? | senquwalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to drive? | olquwalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to drive? | bizquwalmağanbızmı? quwalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to drive? | sizquwalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to drive? | alaquwalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to drive? |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwalğan edimquwalğanemI had been able to drive | senquwalğan ediŋquwalğaneŋyou had been able to drive | olquwalğan ediquwalğanedhe had been able to drive | bizquwalğan edikquwalğanekwe had been able to drive | sizquwalğan edigizquwalğanegizyou all had been able to drive | alaquwalğan edilequwalğanellethey had been able to drive |
| Ability — past perfect | menquwalmağan edimquwalmağanemI hadn't been able to drive | senquwalmağan ediŋquwalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to drive | olquwalmağan ediquwalmağanedhe hadn't been able to drive | bizquwalmağan edikquwalmağanekwe hadn't been able to drive | sizquwalmağan edigizquwalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to drive | alaquwalmağan edilequwalmağanellethey hadn't been able to drive |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menquwala edimquwalaemI could drive | senquwala ediŋquwalaeŋyou could drive | olquwala ediquwalaedhe could drive | bizquwala edikquwalaekwe could drive | sizquwala edigizquwalaegizyou all could drive | alaquwala edilequwalaellethey could drive |
| Ability — past background | menquwalmay edimquwalmayemI could not drive | senquwalmay ediŋquwalmayeŋyou could not drive | olquwalmay ediquwalmayedhe could not drive | bizquwalmay edikquwalmayekwe could not drive | sizquwalmay edigizquwalmayegizyou all could not drive | alaquwalmay edilequwalmayellethey could not drive |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menquwalırmaI will be able to drive | senquwalırsayou will be able to drive | olquwalırhe will be able to drive | bizquwalırbızwe will be able to drive | sizquwalırsızyou all will be able to drive | alaquwalırlathey will be able to drive |
| Ability — future I | menquwalmazmaI won't be able to drive | senquwalmazsayou won't be able to drive | olquwalmazhe won't be able to drive | bizquwalmazbızwe won't be able to drive | sizquwalmazsızyou all won't be able to drive | alaquwalmazlathey won't be able to drive |
| Ability — future I | menquwalırmamı? quwalırmıma?will I be able to drive? | senquwalırmısa?will you be able to drive? | olquwalırmı?will he be able to drive? | bizquwalırbızmı? quwalırmıbız?will we be able to drive? | sizquwalırmısız?will you all be able to drive? | alaquwalırlamı? quwalırmıla?will they be able to drive? |
| Ability — future I | menquwalmazmamı? quwalmazmıma?won't I be able to drive? | senquwalmazmısa?won't you be able to drive? | olquwalmazmı?won't he be able to drive? | bizquwalmazbızmı? quwalmazmıbız?won't we be able to drive? | sizquwalmazmısız?won't you all be able to drive? | alaquwalmazlamı? quwalmazmıla?won't they be able to drive? |
| Ability — future II | menquwallıqmaI am going to be able to drive | senquwallıqsayou are going to be able to drive | olquwallıqdıhe is going to be able to drive | bizquwallıqbızwe are going to be able to drive | sizquwallıqsızyou all are going to be able to drive | alaquwallıqdılathey are going to be able to drive |
| Ability — future II | menquwallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to drive | senquwallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to drive | olquwallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to drive | bizquwallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to drive | sizquwallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to drive | alaquwallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to drive |
| Ability — future II | menquwallıqmamı? quwallıqmıma?am I going to be able to drive? | senquwallıqmısa?are you going to be able to drive? | olquwallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to drive? | bizquwallıqbızmı? quwallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to drive? | sizquwallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to drive? | alaquwallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to drive? |
| Ability — future II | menquwallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to drive? | senquwallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to drive? | olquwallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to drive? | bizquwallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to drive? | sizquwallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to drive? | alaquwallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to drive? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwalır edimquwalır emI would be able to drive | senquwalır ediŋquwalır eŋyou would be able to drive | olquwalır ediquwalır edhe would be able to drive | bizquwalır edikquwalır ekwe would be able to drive | sizquwalır edigizquwalır egizyou all would be able to drive | alaquwalır edilequwalır ellethey would be able to drive |
| Ability — would be able to… | menquwalmaz edimquwalmaz emI wouldn't be able to drive | senquwalmaz ediŋquwalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to drive | olquwalmaz ediquwalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to drive | bizquwalmaz edikquwalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to drive | sizquwalmaz edigizquwalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to drive | alaquwalmaz edilequwalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to drive |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwalğınquwalğımay you be able to drive | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senquwalmağınquwalmağımay you not be able to drive | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menquwarğa izleymeI want to drive | senquwarğa izleyseyou want to drive | olquwarğa izleydihe wants to drive | bizquwarğa izleybizwe want to drive | sizquwarğa izleysizyou all want to drive | alaquwarğa izleydilethey want to drive |
| want to | menquwarğa izlemeymeI do not want to drive | senquwarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to drive | olquwarğa izlemeydihe does not want to drive | bizquwarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to drive | sizquwarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to drive | alaquwarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to drive |
| would like to | menquwarğa süemeI would like to drive | senquwarğa süeseyou would like to drive | olquwarğa süedihe would like to drive | bizquwarğa süebizwe would like to drive | sizquwarğa süesizyou all would like to drive | alaquwarğa süedilethey would like to drive |
| would like to | menquwarğa süymeymeI would not like to drive | senquwarğa süymeyseyou would not like to drive | olquwarğa süymeydihe would not like to drive | bizquwarğa süymeybizwe would not like to drive | sizquwarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to drive | alaquwarğa süymeydilethey would not like to drive |
| hope to | menquwarğa umutlanamaI hope to drive | senquwarğa umutlanasayou hope to drive | olquwarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to drive | bizquwarğa umutlanabızwe hope to drive | sizquwarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to drive | alaquwarğa umutlanadılathey hope to drive |
| hope to | menquwarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to drive | senquwarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to drive | olquwarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to drive | bizquwarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to drive | sizquwarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to drive | alaquwarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to drive |
| be about to | menquwarğa deb turamaI am about to drive | senquwarğa deb turasayou are about to drive | olquwarğa deb turadıhe is about to drive | bizquwarğa deb turabızwe are about to drive | sizquwarğa deb turasızyou all are about to drive | alaquwarğa deb turadılathey are about to drive |
| be about to | menquwarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to drive | senquwarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to drive | olquwarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to drive | bizquwarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to drive | sizquwarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to drive | alaquwarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to drive |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menquwarğa kerekmeI need to drive | senquwarğa kerekseyou need to drive | olquwarğa kerekdihe needs to drive | bizquwarğa kerekbizwe need to drive | sizquwarğa kereksizyou all need to drive | alaquwarğa kerekdilethey need to drive |
| need to | menquwarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to drive | senquwarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to drive | olquwarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to drive | bizquwarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to drive | sizquwarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to drive | alaquwarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to drive |
| have to | menmenŋe quwarğa tüşediI have to drive | sensenŋe quwarğa tüşediyou have to drive | olaŋa quwarğa tüşedihe has to drive | bizbizge quwarğa tüşediwe have to drive | sizsizge quwarğa tüşediyou all have to drive | alaalağa quwarğa tüşedithey have to drive |
| have to | menmenŋe quwarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to drive | sensenŋe quwarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to drive | olaŋa quwarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to drive | bizbizge quwarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to drive | sizsizge quwarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to drive | alaalağa quwarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to drive |
| be obliged to | menquwarğa borçlumaI am obliged to drive | senquwarğa borçlusayou are obliged to drive | olquwarğa borçluduhe is obliged to drive | bizquwarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to drive | sizquwarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to drive | alaquwarğa borçludulathey are obliged to drive |
| be obliged to | menquwarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to drive | senquwarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to drive | olquwarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to drive | bizquwarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to drive | sizquwarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to drive | alaquwarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to drive |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menquwarğa madarım bardıI have a way to drive | senquwarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to drive | olquwarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to drive | bizquwarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to drive | sizquwarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to drive | alaquwarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to drive |
| have a way to | menquwarğa madarım joqduI have no way to drive | senquwarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to drive | olquwarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to drive | bizquwarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to drive | sizquwarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to drive | alaquwarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to drive |
| be free to | menquwarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to drive | senquwarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to drive | olquwarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to drive | bizquwarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to drive | sizquwarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to drive | alaquwarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to drive |
| be free to | menquwarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to drive | senquwarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to drive | olquwarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to drive | bizquwarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to drive | sizquwarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to drive | alaquwarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to drive |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to drive | sensenŋe quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to drive | olaŋa quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to drive | bizbizge quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to drive | sizsizge quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to drive | alaalağa quwarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to drive |
| be possible to | menmenŋe quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to drive | sensenŋe quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to drive | olaŋa quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to drive | bizbizge quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to drive | sizsizge quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to drive | alaalağa quwarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to drive |
| be ready to | menquwarğa hazırmaI am ready to drive | senquwarğa hazırsayou are ready to drive | olquwarğa hazırdıhe is ready to drive | bizquwarğa hazırbızwe are ready to drive | sizquwarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to drive | alaquwarğa hazırdılathey are ready to drive |
| be ready to | menquwarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to drive | senquwarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to drive | olquwarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to drive | bizquwarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to drive | sizquwarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to drive | alaquwarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to drive |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menquwarğa küreşemeI am trying to drive | senquwarğa küreşeseyou are trying to drive | olquwarğa küreşedihe is trying to drive | bizquwarğa küreşebizwe are trying to drive | sizquwarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to drive | alaquwarğa küreşedilethey are trying to drive |
| try to | menquwarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to drive | senquwarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to drive | olquwarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to drive | bizquwarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to drive | sizquwarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to drive | alaquwarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to drive |
| agree to | menquwarğa unaymaI agree to drive | senquwarğa unaysayou agree to drive | olquwarğa unaydıhe agrees to drive | bizquwarğa unaybızwe agree to drive | sizquwarğa unaysızyou all agree to drive | alaquwarğa unaydılathey agree to drive |
| agree to | menquwarğa unamaymaI refuse to drive | senquwarğa unamaysayou refuse to drive | olquwarğa unamaydıhe refuses to drive | bizquwarğa unamaybızwe refuse to drive | sizquwarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to drive | alaquwarğa unamaydılathey refuse to drive |
| hurry to | menquwarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to drive | senquwarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to drive | olquwarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to drive | bizquwarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to drive | sizquwarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to drive | alaquwarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to drive |
| hurry to | menquwarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to drive | senquwarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to drive | olquwarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to drive | bizquwarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to drive | sizquwarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to drive | alaquwarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to drive |
| be afraid to | menquwarğa qorqamaI am afraid to drive | senquwarğa qorqasayou are afraid to drive | olquwarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to drive | bizquwarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to drive | sizquwarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to drive | alaquwarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to drive |
| be afraid to | menquwarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to drive | senquwarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to drive | olquwarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to drive | bizquwarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to drive | sizquwarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to drive | alaquwarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to drive |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menquwa bolmazmaI can't be driving | senquwa bolmazsayou can't be driving | olquwa bolmazhe can't be driving | bizquwa bolmazbızwe can't be driving | sizquwa bolmazsızyou all can't be driving | alaquwa bolmazlathey can't be driving |
| Inference, present — double negation | menquwmay bolmazmaI must be driving (emphatic) | senquwmay bolmazsayou must be driving (emphatic) | olquwmay bolmazhe must be driving (emphatic) | bizquwmay bolmazbızwe must be driving (emphatic) | sizquwmay bolmazsızyou all must be driving (emphatic) | alaquwmay bolmazlathey must be driving (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menquwa turmasamif I don't keep driving | senquwa turmasaŋif you don't keep driving | olquwa turmasaif he doesn't keep driving | bizquwa turmasaqif we don't keep driving | sizquwa turmasağızif you all don't keep driving | alaquwa turmasalaif they don't keep driving |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menquwa tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of driving | senquwa tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of driving | olquwa tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of driving | bizquwa tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of driving | sizquwa tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of driving | alaquwa tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of driving |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menquwmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not driving (emphatic) | senquwmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not driving (emphatic) | olquwmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not driving (emphatic) | bizquwmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not driving (emphatic) | sizquwmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not driving (emphatic) | alaquwmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not driving (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menquwmay turamaI keep on not driving | senquwmay turasayou keep on not driving | olquwmay turadıhe keeps on not driving | bizquwmay turabızwe keep on not driving | sizquwmay turasızyou all keep on not driving | alaquwmay turadılathey keep on not driving |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not driving | senquwmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not driving | olquwmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not driving | bizquwmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not driving | sizquwmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not driving | alaquwmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not driving |
| Progressive — double negation | menquwmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not driving? | senquwmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not driving? | olquwmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not driving? | bizquwmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not driving? | sizquwmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not driving? | alaquwmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not driving? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menquwğan bolmazmaI can't have driven | senquwğan bolmazsayou can't have driven | olquwğan bolmazhe can't have driven | bizquwğan bolmazbızwe can't have driven | sizquwğan bolmazsızyou all can't have driven | alaquwğan bolmazlathey can't have driven |
| Inference — double negation | menquwmağan bolmazmaI must have driven (emphatic) | senquwmağan bolmazsayou must have driven (emphatic) | olquwmağan bolmazhe must have driven (emphatic) | bizquwmağan bolmazbızwe must have driven (emphatic) | sizquwmağan bolmazsızyou all must have driven (emphatic) | alaquwmağan bolmazlathey must have driven (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menquwğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had driven | senquwğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had driven | olquwğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had driven | bizquwğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had driven | sizquwğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had driven | alaquwğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had driven |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menquwmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't driven | senquwmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't driven | olquwmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't driven | bizquwmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't driven | sizquwmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't driven | alaquwmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't driven |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menquwarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to drive | senquwarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to drive | olquwarıq bolmazhe can't be going to drive | bizquwarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to drive | sizquwarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to drive | alaquwarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to drive |
| Inference, future — double negation | menquwmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to drive (emphatic) | senquwmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to drive (emphatic) | olquwmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to drive (emphatic) | bizquwmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to drive (emphatic) | sizquwmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to drive (emphatic) | alaquwmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to drive (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menquwarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to drive | senquwarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to drive | olquwarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to drive | bizquwarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to drive | sizquwarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to drive | alaquwarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to drive |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menquwmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to drive | senquwmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to drive | olquwmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to drive | bizquwmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to drive | sizquwmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to drive | alaquwmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to drive |