qoş
/qoʃ/ · plural qoşla
1. herders' camp, encampment, shepherd's hut; a hut or shelter where herders, field workers or haymakers live during the season — Also used for a station for other kinds of work: qoy qoş is a sheep camp and bal qoş an apiary. qoşha igilik is a greeting that wishes a camp well.
- qoşda qoyçula jaşaydıla — shepherds live in the herders' camp
- qoy qoş — sheep camp
- bal qoş — apiary
- taw qoşdan süt keltirdile — they brought milk from the mountain camp
- qoş salırğa — to set up camp
- qoşdan kelse — when he comes from the camp
- qoşha qonaq bolub bardıq — we went to the herders' camp as guests
- qoyçu qoş — shepherd's camp
- qoşha igilik — good fortune to the camp
2. paired, double, twin, joined, fused, grown together; compound — qoş uwuç is a double handful, qoş qaşla eyebrows that meet, qoş terek a twin tree, and qoş söz a compound word.
- qoş qaşla — eyebrows that meet
- qoş uwuç — double handful
- qoş terek — twin tree
- qoş söz — compound word
- qoş-qoş — in pairs
- qoş eterge — to pair, to join
- qoş uwuçuna sıyınŋanı çaqlı — as much as fit in his double handful
- qoş ögüzle sabannı sürdüle — the paired oxen plowed the field
- qoş terek taw boyunda ösedi — a twin tree grows along the mountainside
3. shoot, sprout, offshoot growing from the side of a plant — nartühnü qoşu means the side shoots of corn.
- nartühnü qoşu — the side shoots of the corn
- sohannı qoşu — the shoot of the onion
- jaş terekni qoşu — the shoot of a young tree
- terekden jaŋı qoş çıqdı — a new shoot came out from the tree
- ösümleni qoşun alıw — removing the shoots of the plants
- qoşun üzebiz — we pluck off its shoots
- jazda terek qoş beredi — in spring the tree puts forth shoots
4. herd, flock tended by the herders living at a camp
- jılqı qoşnu sür — drive the horse herd
- sürülgendi qoşubuz — our herd has been driven off
- ol qoşda miŋ qoy bardı — there are a thousand sheep in that herd
- qoyçula qoşnu tawda kütedile — the shepherds graze the herd in the mountains
- qoşnu suwğa eltdile — they took the herd to the water
5. pair, couple; two like things used together
- anı qoş ögüzü bardı — he has a pair of oxen
- qoş etib jekdile — they harnessed them as a pair
6. team of two oxen harnessed together, yoke of oxen one source
- altı qoş bla saban sürgen — one who plows with six yokes of oxen
- qoş bla saban sürdüle — they plowed the field with a yoke of oxen
Expressions
- bir qoş bolurğa — become close friends; marry
- qoş salırğa — haunt a place
- qoş obağa qoşarğa — wipe out
- qoş uwuçuŋu qayın anaŋa tut — stop asking for more
As a noun
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qoşthe herders' camp | qoşummy herders' camp | qoşuŋyour herders' camp | qoşuhis herders' camp | qoşubuzour herders' camp | qoşuğuzyou all's herders' camp | qoşlarıtheir herders' camps |
| Genitive | qoşnuthe herders' camp's | qoşumumy herders' camp's | qoşuŋuyour herders' camp's | qoşunuhis herders' camp's | qoşubuznuour herders' camp's | qoşuğuznuyou all's herders' camp's | qoşlarınıtheir herders' camps' |
| Accusative | qoşnuthe herders' camp (as the object) | qoşumumy herders' camp (as the object) | qoşuŋuyour herders' camp (as the object) | qoşunhis herders' camp (as the object) | qoşubuznuour herders' camp (as the object) | qoşuğuznuyou all's herders' camp (as the object) | qoşlarıntheir herders' camps (as the object) |
| Dative | qoşhato the herders' camp | qoşumato my herders' camp | qoşuŋato your herders' camp | qoşunato his herders' camp | qoşubuzğato our herders' camp | qoşuğuzğato you all's herders' camp | qoşlarınato their herders' camps |
| Locative | qoşdain / at the herders' camp | qoşumdain / at my herders' camp | qoşuŋdain / at your herders' camp | qoşundain / at his herders' camp | qoşubuzdain / at our herders' camp | qoşuğuzdain / at you all's herders' camp | qoşlarındain / at their herders' camps |
| Ablative | qoşdanfrom the herders' camp | qoşumdanfrom my herders' camp | qoşuŋdanfrom your herders' camp | qoşundanfrom his herders' camp | qoşubuzdanfrom our herders' camp | qoşuğuzdanfrom you all's herders' camp | qoşlarındanfrom their herders' camps |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qoşlathe herders' camps | qoşlarımmy herders' camps | qoşlarıŋyour herders' camps | qoşlarıhis herders' camps | qoşlarıbızour herders' camps | qoşlarığızyou all's herders' camps | qoşlarıtheir herders' camps |
| Genitive | qoşlanıthe herders' camps' | qoşlarımımy herders' camps' | qoşlarıŋıyour herders' camps' | qoşlarınıhis herders' camps' | qoşlarıbıznıour herders' camps' | qoşlarığıznıyou all's herders' camps' | qoşlarınıtheir herders' camps' |
| Accusative | qoşlanıthe herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarımımy herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarıŋıyour herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarınhis herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarıbıznıour herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarığıznıyou all's herders' camps (as the object) | qoşlarıntheir herders' camps (as the object) |
| Dative | qoşlağato the herders' camps | qoşlarımato my herders' camps | qoşlarıŋato your herders' camps | qoşlarınato his herders' camps | qoşlarıbızğato our herders' camps | qoşlarığızğato you all's herders' camps | qoşlarınato their herders' camps |
| Locative | qoşladain / at the herders' camps | qoşlarımdain / at my herders' camps | qoşlarıŋdain / at your herders' camps | qoşlarındain / at his herders' camps | qoşlarıbızdain / at our herders' camps | qoşlarığızdain / at you all's herders' camps | qoşlarındain / at their herders' camps |
| Ablative | qoşladanfrom the herders' camps | qoşlarımdanfrom my herders' camps | qoşlarıŋdanfrom your herders' camps | qoşlarındanfrom his herders' camps | qoşlarıbızdanfrom our herders' camps | qoşlarığızdanfrom you all's herders' camps | qoşlarındanfrom their herders' camps |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qoşları can mean "his / her herders' camps", "their herders' camp", or "their herders' camps" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
As an adjective
Degrees
| Degree | —form |
|---|---|
| base form | qoşpaired |
| comparative — more | qoşuraqmore paired |
| intensifier — very | bek qoşvery paired |
| superlative — most | em qoşthe most paired |
Saying it about mine, yours, theirs
One thing
| Degree | menikimine | senikiyours | anıqıhis / hers | biznikiours | siznikiyours (pl.) | alanıqıtheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | meniki qoşdumine is paired | seniki qoşduyours is paired | anıqı qoşduhis is paired | bizniki qoşduours is paired | sizniki qoşduyours (pl.) is paired | alanıqı qoşdutheirs is paired |
| comparative — more | meniki qoşuraqdımine is more paired | seniki qoşuraqdıyours is more paired | anıqı qoşuraqdıhis is more paired | bizniki qoşuraqdıours is more paired | sizniki qoşuraqdıyours (pl.) is more paired | alanıqı qoşuraqdıtheirs is more paired |
| intensifier — very | meniki bek qoşdumine is very paired | seniki bek qoşduyours is very paired | anıqı bek qoşduhis is very paired | bizniki bek qoşduours is very paired | sizniki bek qoşduyours (pl.) is very paired | alanıqı bek qoşdutheirs is very paired |
| superlative — most | meniki em qoşdumine is the most paired | seniki em qoşduyours is the most paired | anıqı em qoşduhis is the most paired | bizniki em qoşduours is the most paired | sizniki em qoşduyours (pl.) is the most paired | alanıqı em qoşdutheirs is the most paired |
Several things
| Degree | menikilemine | senikileyours | anıqılahis / hers | biznikileours | siznikileyours (pl.) | alanıqılatheirs |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| base form | menikile qoşdulamine are paired | senikile qoşdulayours are paired | anıqıla qoşdulahis are paired | biznikile qoşdulaours are paired | siznikile qoşdulayours (pl.) are paired | alanıqıla qoşdulatheirs are paired |
| comparative — more | menikile qoşuraqdılamine are more paired | senikile qoşuraqdılayours are more paired | anıqıla qoşuraqdılahis are more paired | biznikile qoşuraqdılaours are more paired | siznikile qoşuraqdılayours (pl.) are more paired | alanıqıla qoşuraqdılatheirs are more paired |
| intensifier — very | menikile bek qoşdulamine are very paired | senikile bek qoşdulayours are very paired | anıqıla bek qoşdulahis are very paired | biznikile bek qoşdulaours are very paired | siznikile bek qoşdulayours (pl.) are very paired | alanıqıla bek qoşdulatheirs are very paired |
| superlative — most | menikile em qoşdulamine are the most paired | senikile em qoşdulayours are the most paired | anıqıla em qoşdulahis are the most paired | biznikile em qoşdulaours are the most paired | siznikile em qoşdulayours (pl.) are the most paired | alanıqıla em qoşdulatheirs are the most paired |
Any thing takes the third-person ending, not only these: bu qoşdu, bıla qoşdula. In texts biznikile is usually kesibiznikile, "our own people", and a surname with -nıqıla names a family: Dudalanıqıla, "the Dudas".