qap
/qap/ · plural qapla
1. case, sheath, cover — A fitted holder that protects what is kept inside it, such as glasses, a sword or a pistol. It may be made of cloth, leather, wood or plastic.
- qılıçnı qabı — the sword's sheath
- gerohnu qabı — the pistol's holster
- közlükleni qapları — the cases of the glasses
- közüldürewüknü qabı — the binoculars case
- ağaç qap — a wooden case
2. hide, skin — The skin of a person or an animal. Also the skin a snake sheds.
- jılannı qabı — a snake's skin
- janıwarnı qabı qatıdı — the animal's hide is tough
- qabın alışındırıw — changing its skin
- qabından çıqdı — it came out of its skin
- aşhı sözge jılan qabından çığar — at a kind word a snake will come out of its skin
3. shell, outer shell, carapace — The hard outer covering of a tortoise, a snail, an insect and the like.
- taş maqanı qabı — the tortoise's shell
- taş maqanı qabın sındırğan qıyındı — it is hard to break a tortoise's shell
4. sack, bag — Traditionally a bag made from the whole hide of an animal, taken off without cutting it.
- eki qap buday — two sacks of wheat
- qap awurdu — the sack is heavy
- unnu qapha quydu — he poured the flour into the sack
5. a covering, an outer layer over something
- çerekle kiydile buz qaplanı — the rivers put on coverings of ice
- suw buz qapha kirgendi — the river has gone under a covering of ice
6. protective pad, padding — A pad shaped to fit a part of the body of a person or an animal.
- tobuqlarına teri qapla kiygen — wearing leather pads on their knees
- tobuğuna qap bayladı — he tied a pad onto his knee
7. pericardial sac, the sac around the heart
- jürekni qabı — the sac of the heart
- jüregi qabından çığarğa jete bolur — his heart must nearly come out of its sac
8. outward appearance, guise, mask
- ol endi başha qapha kirgendi — he has now assumed another guise
- anı tış qabı aldaydı — his outward appearance is deceiving
- ne türlü qapha kirseŋ da — whatever guise you take on
9. way of life
- eski qabıŋı üsüŋden taşladıŋ — you cast off your old way of life
- eski qapha qaytdı — he went back to the old way of life
- halqnı eski qabı türlendi — the people's old way of life changed
10. pitch-, jet- — Combines only with qara (black), giving qap-qara pitch-black.
- qap-qara çaç — pitch-black hair
- keçe qap-qaradı — the night is pitch-black
- qap-qara bulutla köknü jabdıla — jet-black clouds covered the sky
Expressions
- meteke qabına kirgenley — keeping to oneself
- meteke qabından jiyirgenŋenley — disgusted with oneself
- qabına kirirge — adapt to circumstances
- qabında tururğa — know one's limits
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qapthe case | qabımmy case | qabıŋyour case | qabıhis case | qabıbızour case | qabığızyou all's case | qaplarıtheir cases |
| Genitive | qapnıthe case's | qabımımy case's | qabıŋıyour case's | qabınıhis case's | qabıbıznıour case's | qabığıznıyou all's case's | qaplarınıtheir cases' |
| Accusative | qapnıthe case (as the object) | qabımımy case (as the object) | qabıŋıyour case (as the object) | qabınhis case (as the object) | qabıbıznıour case (as the object) | qabığıznıyou all's case (as the object) | qaplarıntheir cases (as the object) |
| Dative | qaphato the case | qabımato my case | qabıŋato your case | qabınato his case | qabıbızğato our case | qabığızğato you all's case | qaplarınato their cases |
| Locative | qapdain / at the case | qabımdain / at my case | qabıŋdain / at your case | qabındain / at his case | qabıbızdain / at our case | qabığızdain / at you all's case | qaplarındain / at their cases |
| Ablative | qapdanfrom the case | qabımdanfrom my case | qabıŋdanfrom your case | qabındanfrom his case | qabıbızdanfrom our case | qabığızdanfrom you all's case | qaplarındanfrom their cases |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | qaplathe cases | qaplarımmy cases | qaplarıŋyour cases | qaplarıhis cases | qaplarıbızour cases | qaplarığızyou all's cases | qaplarıtheir cases |
| Genitive | qaplanıthe cases' | qaplarımımy cases' | qaplarıŋıyour cases' | qaplarınıhis cases' | qaplarıbıznıour cases' | qaplarığıznıyou all's cases' | qaplarınıtheir cases' |
| Accusative | qaplanıthe cases (as the object) | qaplarımımy cases (as the object) | qaplarıŋıyour cases (as the object) | qaplarınhis cases (as the object) | qaplarıbıznıour cases (as the object) | qaplarığıznıyou all's cases (as the object) | qaplarıntheir cases (as the object) |
| Dative | qaplağato the cases | qaplarımato my cases | qaplarıŋato your cases | qaplarınato his cases | qaplarıbızğato our cases | qaplarığızğato you all's cases | qaplarınato their cases |
| Locative | qapladain / at the cases | qaplarımdain / at my cases | qaplarıŋdain / at your cases | qaplarındain / at his cases | qaplarıbızdain / at our cases | qaplarığızdain / at you all's cases | qaplarındain / at their cases |
| Ablative | qapladanfrom the cases | qaplarımdanfrom my cases | qaplarıŋdanfrom your cases | qaplarındanfrom his cases | qaplarıbızdanfrom our cases | qaplarığızdanfrom you all's cases | qaplarındanfrom their cases |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: qapları can mean "his / her cases", "their case", or "their cases" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.