oqurğa
/oqurʁa/
1. read
- gazet oqurğa — to read a newspaper
- men kitabnı oquyma — I am reading the book
- ol haparnı oqudu — he read the story
- egeçim oquydu — my sister reads
- jeŋil oqurğa — to read fluently
- içiŋden oqurğa — to read to oneself
- başından oqurğa — to read from the beginning
- ejikleb oqurğa — to read syllable by syllable
2. study, receive an education, attend classes
- men Moskvada oquyma — I am studying in Moscow
- institutda oqurğa — to study at the institute
- ol toğuz jıl oquğandı — he studied for nine years
- oqurğa barırğa — to go to study
- oqurğa kirirge — to enroll for study
3. learn, prepare a lesson
- ders oqurğa — to learn a lesson
- men bügün dersimi oquyma — I am preparing my lesson today
- sohta dersin oqudu — the pupil prepared their lesson
- dersleriŋi oqu — learn your lessons
4. read music, drawings or signs; understand written symbols one source
- qaysısı da notalanı oquruqdu — every one of them will read music
- men notalanı oquy bileme — I can read music
5. give a lecture, deliver a report
- lektsiya oqurğa — to give a lecture
- saylawçulağa lektsiyala oquladıla — lectures are given to the voters
- ustaz lektsiya oquydu — the teacher gives a lecture
Expressions
- ala-qula oqurğa — read badly
- yasın oqurğa — recite Yasin
Conjugation
Common forms
- oquyduhe is reading
- oquduhe read
- oquğandıhe has read
- oqurhe will read
- oquruqduhe is going to read
- oquy edihe was reading
- oqusaif he reads
- oqu!read!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoquymaI am reading | senoquysayou are reading | oloquyduhe is reading | bizoquybuzwe are reading | sizoquysuzyou all are reading | alaoquydulathey are reading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqumaymaI am not reading | senoqumaysayou are not reading | oloqumaydıhe is not reading | bizoqumaybızwe are not reading | sizoqumaysızyou all are not reading | alaoqumaydılathey are not reading |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoquymamı? oquymuma?am I reading? | senoquymusa?are you reading? | oloquymudu?is he reading? | bizoquybuzmu? oquymubuz?are we reading? | sizoquymusuz?are you all reading? | alaoquymudula?are they reading? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menoqumaymamı? oqumaymıma?aren't I reading? | senoqumaymısa?aren't you reading? | oloqumaymıdı?isn't he reading? | bizoqumaybızmı? oqumaymıbız?aren't we reading? | sizoqumaymısız?aren't you all reading? | alaoqumaymıdıla?aren't they reading? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoquwçanmaI usually read | senoquwçansayou usually read | oloquwçandıhe usually reads | bizoquwçanbızwe usually read | sizoquwçansızyou all usually read | alaoquwçandılathey usually read |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqumawçanmaI usually don't read | senoqumawçansayou usually don't read | oloqumawçandıhe usually doesn't read | bizoqumawçanbızwe usually don't read | sizoqumawçansızyou all usually don't read | alaoqumawçandılathey usually don't read |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoquwçanmamı? oquwçanmıma?do I usually read? | senoquwçanmısa?do you usually read? | oloquwçanmıdı?does he usually read? | bizoquwçanbızmı? oquwçanmıbız?do we usually read? | sizoquwçanmısız?do you all usually read? | alaoquwçanmıdıla?do they usually read? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menoqumawçanmamı? oqumawçanmıma?do I usually not read? | senoqumawçanmısa?do you usually not read? | oloqumawçanmıdı?does he usually not read? | bizoqumawçanbızmı? oqumawçanmıbız?do we usually not read? | sizoqumawçanmısız?do you all usually not read? | alaoqumawçanmıdıla?do they usually not read? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloqubduhe has read and remains so | alaoqubdulathey have read and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oloqubmudu?has he read? | alaoqubmudula?have they read? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqub turamaI keep reading | senoqub turasayou keep reading | oloqub turadıhe keeps reading | bizoqub turabızwe keep reading | sizoqub turasızyou all keep reading | alaoqub turadılathey keep reading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqub turmaymaI don't keep reading | senoqub turmaysayou don't keep reading | oloqub turmaydıhe doesn't keep reading | bizoqub turmaybızwe don't keep reading | sizoqub turmaysızyou all don't keep reading | alaoqub turmaydılathey don't keep reading |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqub turamamı? oqub turamıma?do I keep reading? | senoqub turamısa?do you keep reading? | oloqub turamıdı?does he keep reading? | bizoqub turabızmı? oqub turamıbız?do we keep reading? | sizoqub turamısız?do you all keep reading? | alaoqub turamıdıla?do they keep reading? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menoqub turmaymamı? oqub turmaymıma?don't I keep reading? | senoqub turmaymısa?don't you keep reading? | oloqub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep reading? | bizoqub turmaybızmı? oqub turmaymıbız?don't we keep reading? | sizoqub turmaymısız?don't you all keep reading? | alaoqub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep reading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquy turamaI am in the middle of reading | senoquy turasayou are in the middle of reading | oloquy turadıhe is in the middle of reading | bizoquy turabızwe are in the middle of reading | sizoquy turasızyou all are in the middle of reading | alaoquy turadılathey are in the middle of reading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquy turmaymaI am not in the middle of reading | senoquy turmaysayou are not in the middle of reading | oloquy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of reading | bizoquy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of reading | sizoquy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of reading | alaoquy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of reading |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquy turamamı? oquy turamıma?am I in the middle of reading? | senoquy turamısa?are you in the middle of reading? | oloquy turamıdı?is he in the middle of reading? | bizoquy turabızmı? oquy turamıbız?are we in the middle of reading? | sizoquy turamısız?are you all in the middle of reading? | alaoquy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of reading? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menoquy turmaymamı? oquy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of reading? | senoquy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of reading? | oloquy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of reading? | bizoquy turmaybızmı? oquy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of reading? | sizoquy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of reading? | alaoquy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of reading? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqudumI read | senoquduŋyou read | oloquduhe read | bizoquduqwe read | sizoquduğuzyou all read | alaoqudulathey read |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqumadımI didn't read | senoqumadıŋyou didn't read | oloqumadıhe didn't read | bizoqumadıqwe didn't read | sizoqumadığızyou all didn't read | alaoqumadılathey didn't read |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqudummu?did I read? | senoquduŋmu?did you read? | oloqudumu?did he read? | bizoquduqmu?did we read? | sizoquduğuzmu?did you all read? | alaoqudulamı?did they read? |
| Simple past (definite) | menoqumadımmı?didn't I read? | senoqumadıŋmı?didn't you read? | oloqumadımı?didn't he read? | bizoqumadıqmı?didn't we read? | sizoqumadığızmı?didn't you all read? | alaoqumadılamı?didn't they read? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoquğanmaI have read | senoquğansayou have read | oloquğandıhe has read | bizoquğanbızwe have read | sizoquğansızyou all have read | alaoquğandılathey have read |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoqumağanmaI haven't read | senoqumağansayou haven't read | oloqumağandıhe hasn't read | bizoqumağanbızwe haven't read | sizoqumağansızyou all haven't read | alaoqumağandılathey haven't read |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoquğanmamı? oquğanmıma?have I read? | senoquğanmısa?have you read? | oloquğanmıdı?has he read? | bizoquğanbızmı? oquğanmıbız?have we read? | sizoquğanmısız?have you all read? | alaoquğanmıdıla?have they read? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menoqumağanmamı? oqumağanmıma?haven't I read? | senoqumağanmısa?haven't you read? | oloqumağanmıdı?hasn't he read? | bizoqumağanbızmı? oqumağanmıbız?haven't we read? | sizoqumağanmısız?haven't you all read? | alaoqumağanmıdıla?haven't they read? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoqub turdumI kept reading | senoqub turduŋyou kept reading | oloqub turduhe kept reading | bizoqub turduqwe kept reading | sizoqub turduğuzyou all kept reading | alaoqub turdulathey kept reading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menoqub turmadımI didn't keep reading | senoqub turmadıŋyou didn't keep reading | oloqub turmadıhe didn't keep reading | bizoqub turmadıqwe didn't keep reading | sizoqub turmadığızyou all didn't keep reading | alaoqub turmadılathey didn't keep reading |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqurmaI will read | senoqursayou will read | oloqurhe will read | bizoqurbuzwe will read | sizoqursuzyou all will read | alaoqurlathey will read |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqumazmaI won't read | senoqumazsayou won't read | oloqumazhe won't read | bizoqumazbızwe won't read | sizoqumazsızyou all won't read | alaoqumazlathey won't read |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqurmamı? oqurmuma?will I read? | senoqurmusa?will you read? | oloqurmu?will he read? | bizoqurbuzmu? oqurmubuz?will we read? | sizoqurmusuz?will you all read? | alaoqurlamı? oqurmula?will they read? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menoqumazmamı? oqumazmıma?won't I read? | senoqumazmısa?won't you read? | oloqumazmı?won't he read? | bizoqumazbızmı? oqumazmıbız?won't we read? | sizoqumazmısız?won't you all read? | alaoqumazlamı? oqumazmıla?won't they read? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquruqmaI am going to read | senoquruqsayou are going to read | oloquruqduhe is going to read | bizoquruqbuzwe are going to read | sizoquruqsuzyou all are going to read | alaoquruqdulathey are going to read |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquruq tülmeI am not going to read | senoquruq tülseyou are not going to read | oloquruq tüldühe is not going to read | bizoquruq tülbüzwe are not going to read | sizoquruq tülsüzyou all are not going to read | alaoquruq tüldülethey are not going to read |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquruqmamı? oquruqmuma?am I going to read? | senoquruqmusa?are you going to read? | oloquruqmudu?is he going to read? | bizoquruqbuzmu? oquruqmubuz?are we going to read? | sizoquruqmusuz?are you all going to read? | alaoquruqmudula?are they going to read? |
| Definite future (future II) | menoquruq tülmüme?aren't I going to read? | senoquruq tülmüse?aren't you going to read? | oloquruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to read? | bizoquruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to read? | sizoquruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to read? | alaoquruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to read? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoquğan edimoquğanemI had read | senoquğan ediŋoquğaneŋyou had read | oloquğan edioquğanedhe had read | bizoquğan edikoquğanekwe had read | sizoquğan edigizoquğanegizyou all had read | alaoquğan edileoquğanellethey had read |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menoqumağan edimoqumağanemI hadn't read | senoqumağan ediŋoqumağaneŋyou hadn't read | oloqumağan edioqumağanedhe hadn't read | bizoqumağan edikoqumağanekwe hadn't read | sizoqumağan edigizoqumağanegizyou all hadn't read | alaoqumağan edileoqumağanellethey hadn't read |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoquy edimoquyemI was reading | senoquy ediŋoquyeŋyou were reading | oloquy edioquyedhe was reading | bizoquy edikoquyekwe were reading | sizoquy edigizoquyegizyou all were reading | alaoquy edileoquyellethey were reading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menoqumay edimoqumayemI wasn't reading | senoqumay ediŋoqumayeŋyou weren't reading | oloqumay edioqumayedhe wasn't reading | bizoqumay edikoqumayekwe weren't reading | sizoqumay edigizoqumayegizyou all weren't reading | alaoqumay edileoqumayellethey weren't reading |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menoquwçan edimoquwçanemI used to read | senoquwçan ediŋoquwçaneŋyou used to read | oloquwçan edioquwçanedhe used to read | bizoquwçan edikoquwçanekwe used to read | sizoquwçan edigizoquwçanegizyou all used to read | alaoquwçan edileoquwçanellethey used to read |
| Habitual past (used to) | menoqumawçan edimoqumawçanemI didn't use to read | senoqumawçan ediŋoqumawçaneŋyou didn't use to read | oloqumawçan edioqumawçanedhe didn't use to read | bizoqumawçan edikoqumawçanekwe didn't use to read | sizoqumawçan edigizoqumawçanegizyou all didn't use to read | alaoqumawçan edileoqumawçanellethey didn't use to read |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloqub edihe had read and remained so | alaoqub edilethey had read and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oloqub tül edihe hadn't read | alaoqub tül edilethey hadn't read | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoqub tura edimoqub turaemI had kept reading | senoqub tura ediŋoqub turaeŋyou had kept reading | oloqub tura edioqub turaedhe had kept reading | bizoqub tura edikoqub turaekwe had kept reading | sizoqub tura edigizoqub turaegizyou all had kept reading | alaoqub tura edileoqub turaellethey had kept reading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menoqub turmay edimoqub turmayemI hadn't kept reading | senoqub turmay ediŋoqub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept reading | oloqub turmay edioqub turmayedhe hadn't kept reading | bizoqub turmay edikoqub turmayekwe hadn't kept reading | sizoqub turmay edigizoqub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept reading | alaoqub turmay edileoqub turmayellethey hadn't kept reading |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoquy tura edimoquy turaemI was in the middle of reading | senoquy tura ediŋoquy turaeŋyou were in the middle of reading | oloquy tura edioquy turaedhe was in the middle of reading | bizoquy tura edikoquy turaekwe were in the middle of reading | sizoquy tura edigizoquy turaegizyou all were in the middle of reading | alaoquy tura edileoquy turaellethey were in the middle of reading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menoquy turmay edimoquy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of reading | senoquy turmay ediŋoquy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of reading | oloquy turmay edioquy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of reading | bizoquy turmay edikoquy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of reading | sizoquy turmay edigizoquy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of reading | alaoquy turmay edileoquy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of reading |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menoqur edimoqur emI would read | senoqur ediŋoqur eŋyou would read | oloqur edioqur edhe would read | bizoqur edikoqur ekwe would read | sizoqur edigizoqur egizyou all would read | alaoqur edileoqur ellethey would read |
| Conditional result (would) | menoqumaz edimoqumaz emI wouldn't read | senoqumaz ediŋoqumaz eŋyou wouldn't read | oloqumaz edioqumaz edhe wouldn't read | bizoqumaz edikoqumaz ekwe wouldn't read | sizoqumaz edigizoqumaz egizyou all wouldn't read | alaoqumaz edileoqumaz ellethey wouldn't read |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoquruq edimoquruq emI would have read | senoquruq ediŋoquruq eŋyou would have read | oloquruq edioquruq edhe would have read | bizoquruq edikoquruq ekwe would have read | sizoquruq edigizoquruq egizyou all would have read | alaoquruq edileoquruq ellethey would have read |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menoquruq tül edimoquruq tül emI wouldn't have read | senoquruq tül ediŋoquruq tül eŋyou wouldn't have read | oloquruq tül edioquruq tül edhe wouldn't have read | bizoquruq tül edikoquruq tül ekwe wouldn't have read | sizoquruq tül edigizoquruq tül egizyou all wouldn't have read | alaoquruq tül edileoquruq tül ellethey wouldn't have read |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menoqusamif I read | senoqusaŋif you read | oloqusaif he reads | bizoqusaqif we read | sizoqusağızif you all read | alaoqusalaif they read |
| Conditional | menoqumasamif I don't read | senoqumasaŋif you don't read | oloqumasaif he doesn't read | bizoqumasaqif we don't read | sizoqumasağızif you all don't read | alaoqumasalaif they don't read |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menoquy esemif I am reading | senoquy eseŋif you are reading | oloquy eseif he is reading | bizoquy esekif we are reading | sizoquy esegizif you all are reading | alaoquy eseleif they are reading |
| Conditional, present real | menoqumay esemif I am not reading | senoqumay eseŋif you are not reading | oloqumay eseif he is not reading | bizoqumay esekif we are not reading | sizoqumay esegizif you all are not reading | alaoqumay eseleif they are not reading |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoqusam edioqusam edif only I read | senoqusaŋ edioqusaŋ edif only you read | oloqusa edioqusaedif only he read | bizoqusaq edioqusaq edif only we read | sizoqusağız edioqusağız edif only you all read | alaoqusala edioqusalaedif only they read |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menoqumasam edioqumasam edif only I didn't read | senoqumasaŋ edioqumasaŋ edif only you didn't read | oloqumasa edioqumasaedif only he didn't read | bizoqumasaq edioqumasaq edif only we didn't read | sizoqumasağız edioqumasağız edif only you all didn't read | alaoqumasala edioqumasalaedif only they didn't read |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menoqub tursamif I carry on reading | senoqub tursaŋif you carry on reading | oloqub tursaif he carries on reading | bizoqub tursaqif we carry on reading | sizoqub tursağızif you all carry on reading | alaoqub tursalaif they carry on reading |
| Durative conditional | menoqub turmasamif I don't carry on reading | senoqub turmasaŋif you don't carry on reading | oloqub turmasaif he doesn't carry on reading | bizoqub turmasaqif we don't carry on reading | sizoqub turmasağızif you all don't carry on reading | alaoqub turmasalaif they don't carry on reading |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menoqub tura esemif I have kept reading | senoqub tura eseŋif you have kept reading | oloqub tura eseif he has kept reading | bizoqub tura esekif we have kept reading | sizoqub tura esegizif you all have kept reading | alaoqub tura eseleif they have kept reading |
| Durative conditional, present real | menoqub turmay esemif I haven't kept reading | senoqub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept reading | oloqub turmay eseif he hasn't kept reading | bizoqub turmay esekif we haven't kept reading | sizoqub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept reading | alaoqub turmay eseleif they haven't kept reading |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menoquy tursamif I keep reading | senoquy tursaŋif you keep reading | oloquy tursaif he keeps reading | bizoquy tursaqif we keep reading | sizoquy tursağızif you all keep reading | alaoquy tursalaif they keep reading |
| Progressive conditional | menoqumay tursamif I keep on not reading | senoqumay tursaŋif you keep on not reading | oloqumay tursaif he keeps on not reading | bizoqumay tursaqif we keep on not reading | sizoqumay tursağızif you all keep on not reading | alaoqumay tursalaif they keep on not reading |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoquy tura esemif I am in the middle of reading | senoquy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of reading | oloquy tura eseif he is in the middle of reading | bizoquy tura esekif we are in the middle of reading | sizoquy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of reading | alaoquy tura eseleif they are in the middle of reading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menoqumay tura esemif I keep on not reading | senoqumay tura eseŋif you keep on not reading | oloqumay tura eseif he keeps on not reading | bizoqumay tura esekif we keep on not reading | sizoqumay tura esegizif you all keep on not reading | alaoqumay tura eseleif they keep on not reading |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoqudum esemif I read | senoquduŋ eseŋif you read | oloqudu eseif he read | bizoquduq esekif we read | sizoquduğuz esegizif you all read | alaoqudula eseleif they read |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menoqumadım esemif I didn't read | senoqumadıŋ eseŋif you didn't read | oloqumadı eseif he didn't read | bizoqumadıq esekif we didn't read | sizoqumadığız esegizif you all didn't read | alaoqumadıla eseleif they didn't read |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menoquğan esemif I did read (indeed) | senoquğan eseŋif you did read (indeed) | oloquğan eseif he did read (indeed) | bizoquğan esekif we did read (indeed) | sizoquğan esegizif you all did read (indeed) | alaoquğan eseleif they did read (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menoqumağan esemif I didn't read (indeed) | senoqumağan eseŋif you didn't read (indeed) | oloqumağan eseif he didn't read (indeed) | bizoqumağan esekif we didn't read (indeed) | sizoqumağan esegizif you all didn't read (indeed) | alaoqumağan eseleif they didn't read (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoquğan bolsamif I had read | senoquğan bolsaŋif you had read | oloquğan bolsaif he had read | bizoquğan bolsaqif we had read | sizoquğan bolsağızif you all had read | alaoquğan bolsalaif they had read |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menoqumağan bolsamif I hadn't read | senoqumağan bolsaŋif you hadn't read | oloqumağan bolsaif he hadn't read | bizoqumağan bolsaqif we hadn't read | sizoqumağan bolsağızif you all hadn't read | alaoqumağan bolsalaif they hadn't read |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoquğan bolsam edioquğan bolsam edif only I had read | senoquğan bolsaŋ edioquğan bolsaŋ edif only you had read | oloquğan bolsa edioquğan bolsaedif only he had read | bizoquğan bolsaq edioquğan bolsaq edif only we had read | sizoquğan bolsağız edioquğan bolsağız edif only you all had read | alaoquğan bolsala edioquğan bolsalaedif only they had read |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menoqumağan bolsam edioqumağan bolsam edif only I hadn't read | senoqumağan bolsaŋ edioqumağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't read | oloqumağan bolsa edioqumağan bolsaedif only he hadn't read | bizoqumağan bolsaq edioqumağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't read | sizoqumağan bolsağız edioqumağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't read | alaoqumağan bolsala edioqumağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't read |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menoqur esemif I will read | senoqur eseŋif you will read | oloqur eseif he will read | bizoqur esekif we will read | sizoqur esegizif you all will read | alaoqur eseleif they will read |
| Conditional, aorist | menoqumaz esemif I won't read | senoqumaz eseŋif you won't read | oloqumaz eseif he won't read | bizoqumaz esekif we won't read | sizoqumaz esegizif you all won't read | alaoqumaz eseleif they won't read |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menoquruq esemif I am going to read | senoquruq eseŋif you are going to read | oloquruq eseif he is going to read | bizoquruq esekif we are going to read | sizoquruq esegizif you all are going to read | alaoquruq eseleif they are going to read |
| Conditional, future | menoquruq tül esemif I am not going to read | senoquruq tül eseŋif you are not going to read | oloquruq tül eseif he is not going to read | bizoquruq tül esekif we are not going to read | sizoquruq tül esegizif you all are not going to read | alaoquruq tül eseleif they are not going to read |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoquruq bolsamif I were going to read | senoquruq bolsaŋif you were going to read | oloquruq bolsaif he were going to read | bizoquruq bolsaqif we were going to read | sizoquruq bolsağızif you all were going to read | alaoquruq bolsalaif they were going to read |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menoqumazlıq bolsamif I were not going to read | senoqumazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to read | oloqumazlıq bolsaif he were not going to read | bizoqumazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to read | sizoqumazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to read | alaoqumazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to read |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso oquduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoquy bolurmaI must be reading | senoquy bolursayou must be reading | oloquy bolurhe must be reading | bizoquy bolurbuzwe must be reading | sizoquy bolursuzyou all must be reading | alaoquy bolurlathey must be reading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menoqumay bolurmaI must not be reading | senoqumay bolursayou must not be reading | oloqumay bolurhe must not be reading | bizoqumay bolurbuzwe must not be reading | sizoqumay bolursuzyou all must not be reading | alaoqumay bolurlathey must not be reading |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoquy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of reading | senoquy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of reading | oloquy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of reading | bizoquy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of reading | sizoquy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of reading | alaoquy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of reading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menoqumay tura bolurmaI must keep on not reading | senoqumay tura bolursayou must keep on not reading | oloqumay tura bolurhe must keep on not reading | bizoqumay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not reading | sizoqumay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not reading | alaoqumay tura bolurlathey must keep on not reading |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menoquğan bolurmaI must have read | senoquğan bolursayou must have read | oloquğan bolurhe must have read | bizoquğan bolurbuzwe must have read | sizoquğan bolursuzyou all must have read | alaoquğan bolurlathey must have read |
| Inference (must have) | menoqumağan bolurmaI must not have read | senoqumağan bolursayou must not have read | oloqumağan bolurhe must not have read | bizoqumağan bolurbuzwe must not have read | sizoqumağan bolursuzyou all must not have read | alaoqumağan bolurlathey must not have read |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoquruq bolurmaI must be going to read | senoquruq bolursayou must be going to read | oloquruq bolurhe must be going to read | bizoquruq bolurbuzwe must be going to read | sizoquruq bolursuzyou all must be going to read | alaoquruq bolurlathey must be going to read |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menoqumazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to read | senoqumazlıq bolursayou must not be going to read | oloqumazlıq bolurhe must not be going to read | bizoqumazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to read | sizoqumazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to read | alaoqumazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to read |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menoquyumlet me read | senoqu!read! | oloqusunlet him read | bizoquyuqlet's read | sizoquğuz!read, you all! | alaoqusunlalet them read |
| Commands & suggestions | menoqumayımlet me not read | senoquma!don't read! | oloqumasınlet him not read | bizoqumayıqlet's not read | sizoqumağız!don't read, you all! | alaoqumasınlalet them not read |
| Commands & suggestions | menoquyummu?shall I read? | oloqusunmu?should he read? | bizoquyuqmu?shall we read? | alaoqusunlamı?should they read? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menoqumayımmı?shall I not read? | oloqumasınmı?should he not read? | bizoqumayıqmı?shall we not read? | alaoqumasınlamı?should they not read? | ||
| Requests | senoquçu2oquçunplease read | oloqusunçudo let him read | sizoquçuğuzplease read (plural/polite) | alaoqusunlaçıdo let them read | ||
| Requests | senoqumaçı2oqumaçınplease don't read | oloqumasınçıdo let him not read | sizoqumaçığızplease don't read (plural/polite) | alaoqumasınlaçıdo let them not read | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoquğunoquğumay you read | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senoqumağınoqumağımay you not read | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoquğay edim oquğa edimwould that I read | senoquğay ediŋ oquğa ediŋwould that you read | oloquğay edi oquğa ediwould that he read | bizoquğay edik oquğa edikwould that we read | sizoquğay edigiz oquğa edigizwould that you all read | alaoquğay edile oquğa edilewould that they read |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menoqumağay edim oqumağa edimwould that I did not read | senoqumağay ediŋ oqumağa ediŋwould that you did not read | oloqumağay edi oqumağa ediwould that he did not read | bizoqumağay edik oqumağa edikwould that we did not read | sizoqumağay edigiz oqumağa edigizwould that you all did not read | alaoqumağay edile oqumağa edilewould that they did not read |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqumağa qoyayımoquma qoyayımlet me allow someone to read | senoqumağa qoy!oquma qoy!let someone read! | oloqumağa qoysunoquma qoysunlet him allow someone to read | bizoqumağa qoyayıqoquma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to read | sizoqumağa qoyuğuz!oquma qoyuğuz!let someone read, you all! | alaoqumağa qoysunlaoquma qoysunlalet them allow someone to read |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqumağa qoymayımoquma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to read | senoqumağa qoyma!oquma qoyma!don't let someone read! | oloqumağa qoymasınoquma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to read | bizoqumağa qoymayıqoquma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to read | sizoqumağa qoymağız!oquma qoymağız!don't let someone read, you all! | alaoqumağa qoymasınlaoquma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to read |
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqumağa qoyayımmı?oquma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoysunmu?oquma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoyayıqmı?oquma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoysunlamı?oquma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to read? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menoqumağa qoymayımmı?oquma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoymasınmı?oquma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoymayıqmı?oquma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoymasınlamı?oquma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to read? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menoqumağa qoyamaoquma qoyamaI allow someone to read | senoqumağa qoyasaoquma qoyasayou allow someone to read | oloqumağa qoyadıoquma qoyadıhe allows someone to read | bizoqumağa qoyabızoquma qoyabızwe allow someone to read | sizoqumağa qoyasızoquma qoyasızyou all allow someone to read | alaoqumağa qoyadılaoquma qoyadılathey allow someone to read |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqumağa qoymaymaoquma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to read | senoqumağa qoymaysaoquma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to read | oloqumağa qoymaydıoquma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to read | bizoqumağa qoymaybızoquma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to read | sizoqumağa qoymaysızoquma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to read | alaoqumağa qoymaydılaoquma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to read |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqumağa qoyamamı?oquma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to read? | senoqumağa qoyamısa?oquma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoyamıdı?oquma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoyabızmı?oquma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to read? | sizoqumağa qoyamısız?oquma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoyamıdıla?oquma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to read? |
| Let someone… (present) | menoqumağa qoymaymamı?oquma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to read? | senoqumağa qoymaymısa?oquma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoymaymıdı?oquma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoymaybızmı?oquma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to read? | sizoqumağa qoymaymısız?oquma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoymaymıdıla?oquma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to read? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqumağa qoydumoquma qoydumI allowed someone to read | senoqumağa qoyduŋoquma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to read | oloqumağa qoyduoquma qoyduhe allowed someone to read | bizoqumağa qoyduqoquma qoyduqwe allowed someone to read | sizoqumağa qoyduğuzoquma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to read | alaoqumağa qoydulaoquma qoydulathey allowed someone to read |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqumağa qoymadımoquma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to read | senoqumağa qoymadıŋoquma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to read | oloqumağa qoymadıoquma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to read | bizoqumağa qoymadıqoquma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to read | sizoqumağa qoymadığızoquma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to read | alaoqumağa qoymadılaoquma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to read |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqumağa qoydummu?oquma qoydummu?did I allow someone to read? | senoqumağa qoyduŋmu?oquma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoydumu?oquma qoydumu?did he allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoyduqmu?oquma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to read? | sizoqumağa qoyduğuzmu?oquma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoydulamı?oquma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to read? |
| Let someone… (past) | menoqumağa qoymadımmı?oquma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to read? | senoqumağa qoymadıŋmı?oquma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to read? | oloqumağa qoymadımı?oquma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to read? | bizoqumağa qoymadıqmı?oquma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to read? | sizoqumağa qoymadığızmı?oquma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to read? | alaoqumağa qoymadılamı?oquma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to read? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
oquyalırğa be able to read · oquyalmazğa be unable to read
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menoquyalamaI can read | senoquyalasayou can read | oloquyaladıhe can read | bizoquyalabızwe can read | sizoquyalasızyou all can read | alaoquyaladılathey can read |
| Ability — present | menoquyalmaymaI can't read | senoquyalmaysayou can't read | oloquyalmaydıhe can't read | bizoquyalmaybızwe can't read | sizoquyalmaysızyou all can't read | alaoquyalmaydılathey can't read |
| Ability — present | menoquyalamamı? oquyalamıma?can I read? | senoquyalamısa?can you read? | oloquyalamıdı?can he read? | bizoquyalabızmı? oquyalamıbız?can we read? | sizoquyalamısız?can you all read? | alaoquyalamıdıla?can they read? |
| Ability — present | menoquyalmaymamı? oquyalmaymıma?can't I read? | senoquyalmaymısa?can't you read? | oloquyalmaymıdı?can't he read? | bizoquyalmaybızmı? oquyalmaymıbız?can't we read? | sizoquyalmaymısız?can't you all read? | alaoquyalmaymıdıla?can't they read? |
| Ability — if I can… | menoquyalsamif I can read | senoquyalsaŋif you can read | oloquyalsaif he can read | bizoquyalsaqif we can read | sizoquyalsağızif you all can read | alaoquyalsalaif they can read |
| Ability — if I can… | menoquyalmasamif I can't read | senoquyalmasaŋif you can't read | oloquyalmasaif he can't read | bizoquyalmasaqif we can't read | sizoquyalmasağızif you all can't read | alaoquyalmasalaif they can't read |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menoquyaldımI was able to read | senoquyaldıŋyou were able to read | oloquyaldıhe was able to read | bizoquyaldıqwe were able to read | sizoquyaldığızyou all were able to read | alaoquyaldılathey were able to read |
| Ability — simple past | menoquyalmadımI could not read | senoquyalmadıŋyou could not read | oloquyalmadıhe could not read | bizoquyalmadıqwe could not read | sizoquyalmadığızyou all could not read | alaoquyalmadılathey could not read |
| Ability — simple past | menoquyaldımmı?was I able to read? | senoquyaldıŋmı?were you able to read? | oloquyaldımı?was he able to read? | bizoquyaldıqmı?were we able to read? | sizoquyaldığızmı?were you all able to read? | alaoquyaldılamı?were they able to read? |
| Ability — simple past | menoquyalmadımmı?couldn't I read? | senoquyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you read? | oloquyalmadımı?couldn't he read? | bizoquyalmadıqmı?couldn't we read? | sizoquyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all read? | alaoquyalmadılamı?couldn't they read? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoquyalğanmaI have been able to read | senoquyalğansayou have been able to read | oloquyalğandıhe has been able to read | bizoquyalğanbızwe have been able to read | sizoquyalğansızyou all have been able to read | alaoquyalğandılathey have been able to read |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoquyalmağanmaI haven't been able to read | senoquyalmağansayou haven't been able to read | oloquyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to read | bizoquyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to read | sizoquyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to read | alaoquyalmağandılathey haven't been able to read |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoquyalğanmamı? oquyalğanmıma?have I been able to read? | senoquyalğanmısa?have you been able to read? | oloquyalğanmıdı?has he been able to read? | bizoquyalğanbızmı? oquyalğanmıbız?have we been able to read? | sizoquyalğanmısız?have you all been able to read? | alaoquyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to read? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menoquyalmağanmamı? oquyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to read? | senoquyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to read? | oloquyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to read? | bizoquyalmağanbızmı? oquyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to read? | sizoquyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to read? | alaoquyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to read? |
| Ability — past perfect | menoquyalğan edimoquyalğanemI had been able to read | senoquyalğan ediŋoquyalğaneŋyou had been able to read | oloquyalğan edioquyalğanedhe had been able to read | bizoquyalğan edikoquyalğanekwe had been able to read | sizoquyalğan edigizoquyalğanegizyou all had been able to read | alaoquyalğan edileoquyalğanellethey had been able to read |
| Ability — past perfect | menoquyalmağan edimoquyalmağanemI hadn't been able to read | senoquyalmağan ediŋoquyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to read | oloquyalmağan edioquyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to read | bizoquyalmağan edikoquyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to read | sizoquyalmağan edigizoquyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to read | alaoquyalmağan edileoquyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to read |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menoquyala edimoquyalaemI could read | senoquyala ediŋoquyalaeŋyou could read | oloquyala edioquyalaedhe could read | bizoquyala edikoquyalaekwe could read | sizoquyala edigizoquyalaegizyou all could read | alaoquyala edileoquyalaellethey could read |
| Ability — past background | menoquyalmay edimoquyalmayemI could not read | senoquyalmay ediŋoquyalmayeŋyou could not read | oloquyalmay edioquyalmayedhe could not read | bizoquyalmay edikoquyalmayekwe could not read | sizoquyalmay edigizoquyalmayegizyou all could not read | alaoquyalmay edileoquyalmayellethey could not read |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menoquyalırmaI will be able to read | senoquyalırsayou will be able to read | oloquyalırhe will be able to read | bizoquyalırbızwe will be able to read | sizoquyalırsızyou all will be able to read | alaoquyalırlathey will be able to read |
| Ability — future I | menoquyalmazmaI won't be able to read | senoquyalmazsayou won't be able to read | oloquyalmazhe won't be able to read | bizoquyalmazbızwe won't be able to read | sizoquyalmazsızyou all won't be able to read | alaoquyalmazlathey won't be able to read |
| Ability — future I | menoquyalırmamı? oquyalırmıma?will I be able to read? | senoquyalırmısa?will you be able to read? | oloquyalırmı?will he be able to read? | bizoquyalırbızmı? oquyalırmıbız?will we be able to read? | sizoquyalırmısız?will you all be able to read? | alaoquyalırlamı? oquyalırmıla?will they be able to read? |
| Ability — future I | menoquyalmazmamı? oquyalmazmıma?won't I be able to read? | senoquyalmazmısa?won't you be able to read? | oloquyalmazmı?won't he be able to read? | bizoquyalmazbızmı? oquyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to read? | sizoquyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to read? | alaoquyalmazlamı? oquyalmazmıla?won't they be able to read? |
| Ability — future II | menoquyallıqmaI am going to be able to read | senoquyallıqsayou are going to be able to read | oloquyallıqdıhe is going to be able to read | bizoquyallıqbızwe are going to be able to read | sizoquyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to read | alaoquyallıqdılathey are going to be able to read |
| Ability — future II | menoquyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to read | senoquyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to read | oloquyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to read | bizoquyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to read | sizoquyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to read | alaoquyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to read |
| Ability — future II | menoquyallıqmamı? oquyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to read? | senoquyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to read? | oloquyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to read? | bizoquyallıqbızmı? oquyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to read? | sizoquyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to read? | alaoquyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to read? |
| Ability — future II | menoquyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to read? | senoquyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to read? | oloquyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to read? | bizoquyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to read? | sizoquyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to read? | alaoquyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to read? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoquyalır edimoquyalır emI would be able to read | senoquyalır ediŋoquyalır eŋyou would be able to read | oloquyalır edioquyalır edhe would be able to read | bizoquyalır edikoquyalır ekwe would be able to read | sizoquyalır edigizoquyalır egizyou all would be able to read | alaoquyalır edileoquyalır ellethey would be able to read |
| Ability — would be able to… | menoquyalmaz edimoquyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to read | senoquyalmaz ediŋoquyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to read | oloquyalmaz edioquyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to read | bizoquyalmaz edikoquyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to read | sizoquyalmaz edigizoquyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to read | alaoquyalmaz edileoquyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to read |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoquyalğınoquyalğımay you be able to read | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senoquyalmağınoquyalmağımay you not be able to read | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menoqurğa izleymeI want to read | senoqurğa izleyseyou want to read | oloqurğa izleydihe wants to read | bizoqurğa izleybizwe want to read | sizoqurğa izleysizyou all want to read | alaoqurğa izleydilethey want to read |
| want to | menoqurğa izlemeymeI do not want to read | senoqurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to read | oloqurğa izlemeydihe does not want to read | bizoqurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to read | sizoqurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to read | alaoqurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to read |
| would like to | menoqurğa süemeI would like to read | senoqurğa süeseyou would like to read | oloqurğa süedihe would like to read | bizoqurğa süebizwe would like to read | sizoqurğa süesizyou all would like to read | alaoqurğa süedilethey would like to read |
| would like to | menoqurğa süymeymeI would not like to read | senoqurğa süymeyseyou would not like to read | oloqurğa süymeydihe would not like to read | bizoqurğa süymeybizwe would not like to read | sizoqurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to read | alaoqurğa süymeydilethey would not like to read |
| hope to | menoqurğa umutlanamaI hope to read | senoqurğa umutlanasayou hope to read | oloqurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to read | bizoqurğa umutlanabızwe hope to read | sizoqurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to read | alaoqurğa umutlanadılathey hope to read |
| hope to | menoqurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to read | senoqurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to read | oloqurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to read | bizoqurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to read | sizoqurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to read | alaoqurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to read |
| be about to | menoqurğa deb turamaI am about to read | senoqurğa deb turasayou are about to read | oloqurğa deb turadıhe is about to read | bizoqurğa deb turabızwe are about to read | sizoqurğa deb turasızyou all are about to read | alaoqurğa deb turadılathey are about to read |
| be about to | menoqurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to read | senoqurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to read | oloqurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to read | bizoqurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to read | sizoqurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to read | alaoqurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to read |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menoqurğa kerekmeI need to read | senoqurğa kerekseyou need to read | oloqurğa kerekdihe needs to read | bizoqurğa kerekbizwe need to read | sizoqurğa kereksizyou all need to read | alaoqurğa kerekdilethey need to read |
| need to | menoqurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to read | senoqurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to read | oloqurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to read | bizoqurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to read | sizoqurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to read | alaoqurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to read |
| have to | menmenŋe oqurğa tüşediI have to read | sensenŋe oqurğa tüşediyou have to read | olaŋa oqurğa tüşedihe has to read | bizbizge oqurğa tüşediwe have to read | sizsizge oqurğa tüşediyou all have to read | alaalağa oqurğa tüşedithey have to read |
| have to | menmenŋe oqurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to read | sensenŋe oqurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to read | olaŋa oqurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to read | bizbizge oqurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to read | sizsizge oqurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to read | alaalağa oqurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to read |
| be obliged to | menoqurğa borçlumaI am obliged to read | senoqurğa borçlusayou are obliged to read | oloqurğa borçluduhe is obliged to read | bizoqurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to read | sizoqurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to read | alaoqurğa borçludulathey are obliged to read |
| be obliged to | menoqurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to read | senoqurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to read | oloqurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to read | bizoqurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to read | sizoqurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to read | alaoqurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to read |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menoqurğa madarım bardıI have a way to read | senoqurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to read | oloqurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to read | bizoqurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to read | sizoqurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to read | alaoqurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to read |
| have a way to | menoqurğa madarım joqduI have no way to read | senoqurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to read | oloqurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to read | bizoqurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to read | sizoqurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to read | alaoqurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to read |
| be free to | menoqurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to read | senoqurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to read | oloqurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to read | bizoqurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to read | sizoqurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to read | alaoqurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to read |
| be free to | menoqurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to read | senoqurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to read | oloqurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to read | bizoqurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to read | sizoqurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to read | alaoqurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to read |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to read | sensenŋe oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to read | olaŋa oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to read | bizbizge oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to read | sizsizge oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to read | alaalağa oqurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to read |
| be possible to | menmenŋe oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to read | sensenŋe oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to read | olaŋa oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to read | bizbizge oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to read | sizsizge oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to read | alaalağa oqurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to read |
| be ready to | menoqurğa hazırmaI am ready to read | senoqurğa hazırsayou are ready to read | oloqurğa hazırdıhe is ready to read | bizoqurğa hazırbızwe are ready to read | sizoqurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to read | alaoqurğa hazırdılathey are ready to read |
| be ready to | menoqurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to read | senoqurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to read | oloqurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to read | bizoqurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to read | sizoqurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to read | alaoqurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to read |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menoqurğa küreşemeI am trying to read | senoqurğa küreşeseyou are trying to read | oloqurğa küreşedihe is trying to read | bizoqurğa küreşebizwe are trying to read | sizoqurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to read | alaoqurğa küreşedilethey are trying to read |
| try to | menoqurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to read | senoqurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to read | oloqurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to read | bizoqurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to read | sizoqurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to read | alaoqurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to read |
| agree to | menoqurğa unaymaI agree to read | senoqurğa unaysayou agree to read | oloqurğa unaydıhe agrees to read | bizoqurğa unaybızwe agree to read | sizoqurğa unaysızyou all agree to read | alaoqurğa unaydılathey agree to read |
| agree to | menoqurğa unamaymaI refuse to read | senoqurğa unamaysayou refuse to read | oloqurğa unamaydıhe refuses to read | bizoqurğa unamaybızwe refuse to read | sizoqurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to read | alaoqurğa unamaydılathey refuse to read |
| hurry to | menoqurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to read | senoqurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to read | oloqurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to read | bizoqurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to read | sizoqurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to read | alaoqurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to read |
| hurry to | menoqurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to read | senoqurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to read | oloqurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to read | bizoqurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to read | sizoqurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to read | alaoqurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to read |
| be afraid to | menoqurğa qorqamaI am afraid to read | senoqurğa qorqasayou are afraid to read | oloqurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to read | bizoqurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to read | sizoqurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to read | alaoqurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to read |
| be afraid to | menoqurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to read | senoqurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to read | oloqurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to read | bizoqurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to read | sizoqurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to read | alaoqurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to read |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menoquy bolmazmaI can't be reading | senoquy bolmazsayou can't be reading | oloquy bolmazhe can't be reading | bizoquy bolmazbızwe can't be reading | sizoquy bolmazsızyou all can't be reading | alaoquy bolmazlathey can't be reading |
| Inference, present — double negation | menoqumay bolmazmaI must be reading (emphatic) | senoqumay bolmazsayou must be reading (emphatic) | oloqumay bolmazhe must be reading (emphatic) | bizoqumay bolmazbızwe must be reading (emphatic) | sizoqumay bolmazsızyou all must be reading (emphatic) | alaoqumay bolmazlathey must be reading (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menoquy turmasamif I don't keep reading | senoquy turmasaŋif you don't keep reading | oloquy turmasaif he doesn't keep reading | bizoquy turmasaqif we don't keep reading | sizoquy turmasağızif you all don't keep reading | alaoquy turmasalaif they don't keep reading |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menoquy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of reading | senoquy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of reading | oloquy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of reading | bizoquy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of reading | sizoquy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of reading | alaoquy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of reading |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menoqumay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not reading (emphatic) | senoqumay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not reading (emphatic) | oloqumay tura bolmazhe must keep on not reading (emphatic) | bizoqumay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not reading (emphatic) | sizoqumay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not reading (emphatic) | alaoqumay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not reading (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menoqumay turamaI keep on not reading | senoqumay turasayou keep on not reading | oloqumay turadıhe keeps on not reading | bizoqumay turabızwe keep on not reading | sizoqumay turasızyou all keep on not reading | alaoqumay turadılathey keep on not reading |
| Progressive — double negation | menoqumay turmaymaI am not keeping on not reading | senoqumay turmaysayou are not keeping on not reading | oloqumay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not reading | bizoqumay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not reading | sizoqumay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not reading | alaoqumay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not reading |
| Progressive — double negation | menoqumay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not reading? | senoqumay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not reading? | oloqumay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not reading? | bizoqumay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not reading? | sizoqumay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not reading? | alaoqumay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not reading? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menoquğan bolmazmaI can't have read | senoquğan bolmazsayou can't have read | oloquğan bolmazhe can't have read | bizoquğan bolmazbızwe can't have read | sizoquğan bolmazsızyou all can't have read | alaoquğan bolmazlathey can't have read |
| Inference — double negation | menoqumağan bolmazmaI must have read (emphatic) | senoqumağan bolmazsayou must have read (emphatic) | oloqumağan bolmazhe must have read (emphatic) | bizoqumağan bolmazbızwe must have read (emphatic) | sizoqumağan bolmazsızyou all must have read (emphatic) | alaoqumağan bolmazlathey must have read (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menoquğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had read | senoquğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had read | oloquğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had read | bizoquğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had read | sizoquğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had read | alaoquğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had read |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menoqumağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't read | senoqumağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't read | oloqumağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't read | bizoqumağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't read | sizoqumağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't read | alaoqumağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't read |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menoquruq bolmazmaI can't be going to read | senoquruq bolmazsayou can't be going to read | oloquruq bolmazhe can't be going to read | bizoquruq bolmazbızwe can't be going to read | sizoquruq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to read | alaoquruq bolmazlathey can't be going to read |
| Inference, future — double negation | menoqumazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to read (emphatic) | senoqumazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to read (emphatic) | oloqumazlıq bolmazhe must be going to read (emphatic) | bizoqumazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to read (emphatic) | sizoqumazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to read (emphatic) | alaoqumazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to read (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menoquruq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to read | senoquruq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to read | oloquruq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to read | bizoquruq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to read | sizoquruq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to read | alaoquruq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to read |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menoqumazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to read | senoqumazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to read | oloqumazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to read | bizoqumazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to read | sizoqumazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to read | alaoqumazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to read |