költürürge
/køltyryrɡe/
1. raise, lift
- qol költürürge — to raise one's hand
- örge költürürge — to raise up
- jerden örge költürürge — to lift up from the ground
- bayraqnı költürürge — to raise the flag
- jabıwnu költürürge — to raise the curtain
- maşoknu költürüb sırtıŋa atarğa — to swing the sack up onto your back
- başıŋı örge költürmey işlerge — to work without raising your head
2. hoist onto one's back or shoulder
- maşoknu arqasına költürdü — he hoisted the sack onto his back
- sabiyni imbaşına költürürge — to hoist the child onto one's shoulder
- jaşçıqnı arqasına költürüb — hoisting the little boy onto her back
- otunnu imbaşına költürdü — he hoisted the firewood onto his shoulder
- otunnu arqağa költürüb keltirdile — they brought the firewood hoisted on their backs
3. fling upward, whip up (dust or snow) one source
- jel buqunu költürdü — the wind whipped up the dust
- boran qarnı költüredi — the blizzard whips up the snow
- at tuyaq költürgen buqu — the dust the horse's hooves whipped up
- at buqu költürüb çabadı — the horse gallops, whipping up dust
4. bear the weight of a load, hold (of a boat or support)
- buz adamnı költüredi — the ice bears a person
- bu köpür awur maşinanı költürmeydi — this bridge does not take the weight of a heavy truck
- üç adamdan sora költüralmağan — that could not hold more than three people
- üslerin bashan qarnı költüralmay — unable to bear the snow covering them
5. support (a structure), serve as a prop for one source
- bağana üynü költüredi — the pillar holds the house up
- huna üynü başın költüredi — the wall holds up the roof of the house
- ağaç hunanı költüredi — the timber props the wall up
- köpürnü költürüb turğan temir tirew — the iron prop holding up the bridge
6. increase the height of (a foundation, fence or other structure) one source
- hunanı költürürge kerekdi — the wall needs raising higher
- üynü hunasın költüredi — he is raising the wall of the house
7. exalt, raise someone's standing, promote
- işinde költürürge — to promote someone at work
- költürüb söleşirge — to speak of someone with respect
- bir-biriŋi költürürge — to support one another
8. respect, hold someone in esteem
- biz anı bek költürebiz — we hold him in high esteem
- bizni bek költürgendile — they have held us in high esteem
- halq anı költürgendi — the people have held him in esteem
9. raise, put up (a price, a wage)
- bağanı költürürge — to put the price up
- iş haqnı költürdüle — they put the wage up
- iş haqların költürürge unamağandı — he refused to raise their wages
- qış bağalanı költüredi — winter puts the prices up
10. improve, raise the standard of one source
- bilimin költürdü — he improved his knowledge
- halqnı jaşawun költürürge — to improve the people's life
- biz işibizni költürebiz — we are improving our work
11. increase, intensify (pace, effort or responsibility)
- tirilikni költür — intensify activity
- juwablılıqnı költür — increase responsibility
- işni hayırlığın költür — increase the productiveness of the work
- tiriligibizni költürdük — we intensified our activity
12. overstate, assign an excessively high value or mark one source
- ustaz bağanı költürgendi — the teacher has inflated the mark
- sannı költürüb aytdı — he overstated the number
- oquwçulağa bağaların költürüb salğandıla — they gave the pupils inflated marks
- bağanı költürüb salğandı — he set the mark too high
13. raise, bring up (a question for discussion)
- bu soruwnu költürdü — he brought up this question
- ol işni költürmedi — he did not bring that matter up
- soruw költürürge kerekdi — a question needs to be brought up
- qurutuwnu üsünden soruwnu költürgendi — he has brought up the question of drying it
14. rouse troops for an attack, send troops into battle one source
- askerni uruşha költürdü — he roused the army to battle
- halqnı jawğa qarşçı költürdü — he roused the people against the enemy
- elni uruşha költürdüle — they roused the village to battle
15. tolerate, put up with
- terslikni költürürge — to put up with injustice
- bu işni költüralmayma — I cannot put up with this business
- ol söznü költürmedi — he would not tolerate that word
- biz anı költürdük — we put up with it
16. endure, bear, withstand
- issini költürürge — to endure the heat
- suwuqnu költürürge — to withstand the cold
- qıyınlıqnı költürürge — to bear hardship
- awruwun költürdü — he endured his illness
- halq köb qıyınlıq költürgendi — the people have endured much hardship
Expressions
- kesin kötürürge — put on airs
- ayaq kötürürge — put on airs; move away
- baş kötürürge — stand up for oneself; rise up
- başın kötürmezge — be downcast; be too ashamed; work nonstop; stay humble
Conjugation
Common forms
- költüredihe is raising
- költürdühe raised
- költürgendihe has raised
- költürürhe will raise
- költürlükdühe is going to raise
- költüre edihe was raising
- költürseif he raises
- költür!raise!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköltüremeI am raising | senköltüreseyou are raising | olköltüredihe is raising | bizköltürebizwe are raising | sizköltüresizyou all are raising | alaköltüredilethey are raising |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköltürmeymeI am not raising | senköltürmeyseyou are not raising | olköltürmeydihe is not raising | bizköltürmeybizwe are not raising | sizköltürmeysizyou all are not raising | alaköltürmeydilethey are not raising |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköltürememi? költüremime?am I raising? | senköltüremise?are you raising? | olköltüremidi?is he raising? | bizköltürebizmi? költüremibiz?are we raising? | sizköltüremisiz?are you all raising? | alaköltüremidile?are they raising? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköltürmeymemi? költürmeymime?aren't I raising? | senköltürmeymise?aren't you raising? | olköltürmeymidi?isn't he raising? | bizköltürmeybizmi? költürmeymibiz?aren't we raising? | sizköltürmeymisiz?aren't you all raising? | alaköltürmeymidile?aren't they raising? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköltürüwçenmeI usually raise | senköltürüwçenseyou usually raise | olköltürüwçendihe usually raises | bizköltürüwçenbizwe usually raise | sizköltürüwçensizyou all usually raise | alaköltürüwçendilethey usually raise |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköltürmewçenmeI usually don't raise | senköltürmewçenseyou usually don't raise | olköltürmewçendihe usually doesn't raise | bizköltürmewçenbizwe usually don't raise | sizköltürmewçensizyou all usually don't raise | alaköltürmewçendilethey usually don't raise |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköltürüwçenmemi? költürüwçenmime?do I usually raise? | senköltürüwçenmise?do you usually raise? | olköltürüwçenmidi?does he usually raise? | bizköltürüwçenbizmi? költürüwçenmibiz?do we usually raise? | sizköltürüwçenmisiz?do you all usually raise? | alaköltürüwçenmidile?do they usually raise? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköltürmewçenmemi? költürmewçenmime?do I usually not raise? | senköltürmewçenmise?do you usually not raise? | olköltürmewçenmidi?does he usually not raise? | bizköltürmewçenbizmi? költürmewçenmibiz?do we usually not raise? | sizköltürmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not raise? | alaköltürmewçenmidile?do they usually not raise? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköltürübdühe has raised and remains so | alaköltürübdülethey have raised and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköltürübmüdü?has he raised? | alaköltürübmüdüle?have they raised? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköltürüb turamaI keep raising | senköltürüb turasayou keep raising | olköltürüb turadıhe keeps raising | bizköltürüb turabızwe keep raising | sizköltürüb turasızyou all keep raising | alaköltürüb turadılathey keep raising |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköltürüb turmaymaI don't keep raising | senköltürüb turmaysayou don't keep raising | olköltürüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep raising | bizköltürüb turmaybızwe don't keep raising | sizköltürüb turmaysızyou all don't keep raising | alaköltürüb turmaydılathey don't keep raising |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköltürüb turamamı? költürüb turamıma?do I keep raising? | senköltürüb turamısa?do you keep raising? | olköltürüb turamıdı?does he keep raising? | bizköltürüb turabızmı? költürüb turamıbız?do we keep raising? | sizköltürüb turamısız?do you all keep raising? | alaköltürüb turamıdıla?do they keep raising? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköltürüb turmaymamı? költürüb turmaymıma?don't I keep raising? | senköltürüb turmaymısa?don't you keep raising? | olköltürüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep raising? | bizköltürüb turmaybızmı? költürüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep raising? | sizköltürüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep raising? | alaköltürüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep raising? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköltüre turamaI am in the middle of raising | senköltüre turasayou are in the middle of raising | olköltüre turadıhe is in the middle of raising | bizköltüre turabızwe are in the middle of raising | sizköltüre turasızyou all are in the middle of raising | alaköltüre turadılathey are in the middle of raising |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköltüre turmaymaI am not in the middle of raising | senköltüre turmaysayou are not in the middle of raising | olköltüre turmaydıhe is not in the middle of raising | bizköltüre turmaybızwe are not in the middle of raising | sizköltüre turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of raising | alaköltüre turmaydılathey are not in the middle of raising |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköltüre turamamı? költüre turamıma?am I in the middle of raising? | senköltüre turamısa?are you in the middle of raising? | olköltüre turamıdı?is he in the middle of raising? | bizköltüre turabızmı? költüre turamıbız?are we in the middle of raising? | sizköltüre turamısız?are you all in the middle of raising? | alaköltüre turamıdıla?are they in the middle of raising? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköltüre turmaymamı? költüre turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of raising? | senköltüre turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of raising? | olköltüre turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of raising? | bizköltüre turmaybızmı? költüre turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of raising? | sizköltüre turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of raising? | alaköltüre turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of raising? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköltürdümI raised | senköltürdüŋyou raised | olköltürdühe raised | bizköltürdükwe raised | sizköltürdügüzyou all raised | alaköltürdülethey raised |
| Simple past (definite) | menköltürmedimI didn't raise | senköltürmediŋyou didn't raise | olköltürmedihe didn't raise | bizköltürmedikwe didn't raise | sizköltürmedigizyou all didn't raise | alaköltürmedilethey didn't raise |
| Simple past (definite) | menköltürdümmü?did I raise? | senköltürdüŋmü?did you raise? | olköltürdümü?did he raise? | bizköltürdükmü?did we raise? | sizköltürdügüzmü?did you all raise? | alaköltürdülemi?did they raise? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköltürmedimmi?didn't I raise? | senköltürmediŋmi?didn't you raise? | olköltürmedimi?didn't he raise? | bizköltürmedikmi?didn't we raise? | sizköltürmedigizmi?didn't you all raise? | alaköltürmedilemi?didn't they raise? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköltürgenmeI have raised | senköltürgenseyou have raised | olköltürgendihe has raised | bizköltürgenbizwe have raised | sizköltürgensizyou all have raised | alaköltürgendilethey have raised |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköltürmegenmeI haven't raised | senköltürmegenseyou haven't raised | olköltürmegendihe hasn't raised | bizköltürmegenbizwe haven't raised | sizköltürmegensizyou all haven't raised | alaköltürmegendilethey haven't raised |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköltürgenmemi? költürgenmime?have I raised? | senköltürgenmise?have you raised? | olköltürgenmidi?has he raised? | bizköltürgenbizmi? költürgenmibiz?have we raised? | sizköltürgenmisiz?have you all raised? | alaköltürgenmidile?have they raised? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköltürmegenmemi? költürmegenmime?haven't I raised? | senköltürmegenmise?haven't you raised? | olköltürmegenmidi?hasn't he raised? | bizköltürmegenbizmi? költürmegenmibiz?haven't we raised? | sizköltürmegenmisiz?haven't you all raised? | alaköltürmegenmidile?haven't they raised? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköltürüb turdumI kept raising | senköltürüb turduŋyou kept raising | olköltürüb turduhe kept raising | bizköltürüb turduqwe kept raising | sizköltürüb turduğuzyou all kept raising | alaköltürüb turdulathey kept raising |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköltürüb turmadımI didn't keep raising | senköltürüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep raising | olköltürüb turmadıhe didn't keep raising | bizköltürüb turmadıqwe didn't keep raising | sizköltürüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep raising | alaköltürüb turmadılathey didn't keep raising |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköltürürmeI will raise | senköltürürseyou will raise | olköltürürhe will raise | bizköltürürbüzwe will raise | sizköltürürsüzyou all will raise | alaköltürürlethey will raise |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköltürmezmeI won't raise | senköltürmezseyou won't raise | olköltürmezhe won't raise | bizköltürmezbizwe won't raise | sizköltürmezsizyou all won't raise | alaköltürmezlethey won't raise |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköltürürmemi? költürürmüme?will I raise? | senköltürürmüse?will you raise? | olköltürürmü?will he raise? | bizköltürürbüzmü? költürürmübüz?will we raise? | sizköltürürmüsüz?will you all raise? | alaköltürürlemi? költürürmüle?will they raise? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköltürmezmemi? költürmezmime?won't I raise? | senköltürmezmise?won't you raise? | olköltürmezmi?won't he raise? | bizköltürmezbizmi? költürmezmibiz?won't we raise? | sizköltürmezmisiz?won't you all raise? | alaköltürmezlemi? költürmezmile?won't they raise? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköltürlükme1költürrükmeI am going to raise | senköltürlükse1költürrükseyou are going to raise | olköltürlükdü1költürrükdühe is going to raise | bizköltürlükbüz1költürrükbüzwe are going to raise | sizköltürlüksüz1költürrüksüzyou all are going to raise | alaköltürlükdüle1költürrükdülethey are going to raise |
| Definite future (future II) | menköltürlük tülme1költürrük tülmeI am not going to raise | senköltürlük tülse1költürrük tülseyou are not going to raise | olköltürlük tüldü1költürrük tüldühe is not going to raise | bizköltürlük tülbüz1költürrük tülbüzwe are not going to raise | sizköltürlük tülsüz1költürrük tülsüzyou all are not going to raise | alaköltürlük tüldüle1költürrük tüldülethey are not going to raise |
| Definite future (future II) | menköltürlükmemi?1 költürlükmüme?költürrükmemi?am I going to raise? | senköltürlükmüse?1költürrükmüse?are you going to raise? | olköltürlükmüdü?1költürrükmüdü?is he going to raise? | bizköltürlükbüzmü?1 költürlükmübüz?költürrükbüzmü?are we going to raise? | sizköltürlükmüsüz?1költürrükmüsüz?are you all going to raise? | alaköltürlükmüdüle?1költürrükmüdüle?are they going to raise? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköltürlük tülmüme?1költürrük tülmüme?aren't I going to raise? | senköltürlük tülmüse?1költürrük tülmüse?aren't you going to raise? | olköltürlük tülmüdü?1költürrük tülmüdü?isn't he going to raise? | bizköltürlük tülmübüz?1költürrük tülmübüz?aren't we going to raise? | sizköltürlük tülmüsüz?1költürrük tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to raise? | alaköltürlük tülmüdüle?1költürrük tülmüdüle?aren't they going to raise? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Definite future (future II)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so költürrükdü
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköltürgen edimköltürgenemI had raised | senköltürgen ediŋköltürgeneŋyou had raised | olköltürgen ediköltürgenedhe had raised | bizköltürgen edikköltürgenekwe had raised | sizköltürgen edigizköltürgenegizyou all had raised | alaköltürgen edileköltürgenellethey had raised |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköltürmegen edimköltürmegenemI hadn't raised | senköltürmegen ediŋköltürmegeneŋyou hadn't raised | olköltürmegen ediköltürmegenedhe hadn't raised | bizköltürmegen edikköltürmegenekwe hadn't raised | sizköltürmegen edigizköltürmegenegizyou all hadn't raised | alaköltürmegen edileköltürmegenellethey hadn't raised |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköltüre edimköltüremI was raising | senköltüre ediŋköltüreŋyou were raising | olköltüre ediköltüredhe was raising | bizköltüre edikköltürekwe were raising | sizköltüre edigizköltüregizyou all were raising | alaköltüre edileköltürellethey were raising |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköltürmey edimköltürmeyemI wasn't raising | senköltürmey ediŋköltürmeyeŋyou weren't raising | olköltürmey ediköltürmeyedhe wasn't raising | bizköltürmey edikköltürmeyekwe weren't raising | sizköltürmey edigizköltürmeyegizyou all weren't raising | alaköltürmey edileköltürmeyellethey weren't raising |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menköltürüwçen edimköltürüwçenemI used to raise | senköltürüwçen ediŋköltürüwçeneŋyou used to raise | olköltürüwçen ediköltürüwçenedhe used to raise | bizköltürüwçen edikköltürüwçenekwe used to raise | sizköltürüwçen edigizköltürüwçenegizyou all used to raise | alaköltürüwçen edileköltürüwçenellethey used to raise |
| Habitual past (used to) | menköltürmewçen edimköltürmewçenemI didn't use to raise | senköltürmewçen ediŋköltürmewçeneŋyou didn't use to raise | olköltürmewçen ediköltürmewçenedhe didn't use to raise | bizköltürmewçen edikköltürmewçenekwe didn't use to raise | sizköltürmewçen edigizköltürmewçenegizyou all didn't use to raise | alaköltürmewçen edileköltürmewçenellethey didn't use to raise |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköltürüb edihe had raised and remained so | alaköltürüb edilethey had raised and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköltürüb tül edihe hadn't raised | alaköltürüb tül edilethey hadn't raised | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköltürüb tura edimköltürüb turaemI had kept raising | senköltürüb tura ediŋköltürüb turaeŋyou had kept raising | olköltürüb tura ediköltürüb turaedhe had kept raising | bizköltürüb tura edikköltürüb turaekwe had kept raising | sizköltürüb tura edigizköltürüb turaegizyou all had kept raising | alaköltürüb tura edileköltürüb turaellethey had kept raising |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköltürüb turmay edimköltürüb turmayemI hadn't kept raising | senköltürüb turmay ediŋköltürüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept raising | olköltürüb turmay ediköltürüb turmayedhe hadn't kept raising | bizköltürüb turmay edikköltürüb turmayekwe hadn't kept raising | sizköltürüb turmay edigizköltürüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept raising | alaköltürüb turmay edileköltürüb turmayellethey hadn't kept raising |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköltüre tura edimköltüre turaemI was in the middle of raising | senköltüre tura ediŋköltüre turaeŋyou were in the middle of raising | olköltüre tura ediköltüre turaedhe was in the middle of raising | bizköltüre tura edikköltüre turaekwe were in the middle of raising | sizköltüre tura edigizköltüre turaegizyou all were in the middle of raising | alaköltüre tura edileköltüre turaellethey were in the middle of raising |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköltüre turmay edimköltüre turmayemI wasn't in the middle of raising | senköltüre turmay ediŋköltüre turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of raising | olköltüre turmay ediköltüre turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of raising | bizköltüre turmay edikköltüre turmayekwe weren't in the middle of raising | sizköltüre turmay edigizköltüre turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of raising | alaköltüre turmay edileköltüre turmayellethey weren't in the middle of raising |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menköltürür edimköltürür emI would raise | senköltürür ediŋköltürür eŋyou would raise | olköltürür ediköltürür edhe would raise | bizköltürür edikköltürür ekwe would raise | sizköltürür edigizköltürür egizyou all would raise | alaköltürür edileköltürür ellethey would raise |
| Conditional result (would) | menköltürmez edimköltürmez emI wouldn't raise | senköltürmez ediŋköltürmez eŋyou wouldn't raise | olköltürmez ediköltürmez edhe wouldn't raise | bizköltürmez edikköltürmez ekwe wouldn't raise | sizköltürmez edigizköltürmez egizyou all wouldn't raise | alaköltürmez edileköltürmez ellethey wouldn't raise |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköltürlük edim2költürlük emköltürrük edimI would have raised | senköltürlük ediŋ2költürlük eŋköltürrük ediŋyou would have raised | olköltürlük edi2költürlük edköltürrük edihe would have raised | bizköltürlük edik2költürlük ekköltürrük edikwe would have raised | sizköltürlük edigiz2költürlük egizköltürrük edigizyou all would have raised | alaköltürlük edile2költürlük elleköltürrük edilethey would have raised |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköltürlük tül edim2költürlük tül emköltürrük tül edimI wouldn't have raised | senköltürlük tül ediŋ2költürlük tül eŋköltürrük tül ediŋyou wouldn't have raised | olköltürlük tül edi2költürlük tül edköltürrük tül edihe wouldn't have raised | bizköltürlük tül edik2költürlük tül ekköltürrük tül edikwe wouldn't have raised | sizköltürlük tül edigiz2költürlük tül egizköltürrük tül edigizyou all wouldn't have raised | alaköltürlük tül edile2költürlük tül elleköltürrük tül edilethey wouldn't have raised |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
- Past conditional result (would have)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so költürrük edi
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menköltürsemif I raise | senköltürseŋif you raise | olköltürseif he raises | bizköltürsekif we raise | sizköltürsegizif you all raise | alaköltürseleif they raise |
| Conditional | menköltürmesemif I don't raise | senköltürmeseŋif you don't raise | olköltürmeseif he doesn't raise | bizköltürmesekif we don't raise | sizköltürmesegizif you all don't raise | alaköltürmeseleif they don't raise |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menköltüre esemif I am raising | senköltüre eseŋif you are raising | olköltüre eseif he is raising | bizköltüre esekif we are raising | sizköltüre esegizif you all are raising | alaköltüre eseleif they are raising |
| Conditional, present real | menköltürmey esemif I am not raising | senköltürmey eseŋif you are not raising | olköltürmey eseif he is not raising | bizköltürmey esekif we are not raising | sizköltürmey esegizif you all are not raising | alaköltürmey eseleif they are not raising |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköltürsem ediköltürsem edif only I raised | senköltürseŋ ediköltürseŋ edif only you raised | olköltürse ediköltürsedif only he raised | bizköltürsek ediköltürsek edif only we raised | sizköltürsegiz ediköltürsegiz edif only you all raised | alaköltürsele ediköltürseledif only they raised |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköltürmesem ediköltürmesem edif only I didn't raise | senköltürmeseŋ ediköltürmeseŋ edif only you didn't raise | olköltürmese ediköltürmesedif only he didn't raise | bizköltürmesek ediköltürmesek edif only we didn't raise | sizköltürmesegiz ediköltürmesegiz edif only you all didn't raise | alaköltürmesele ediköltürmeseledif only they didn't raise |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menköltürüb tursamif I carry on raising | senköltürüb tursaŋif you carry on raising | olköltürüb tursaif he carries on raising | bizköltürüb tursaqif we carry on raising | sizköltürüb tursağızif you all carry on raising | alaköltürüb tursalaif they carry on raising |
| Durative conditional | menköltürüb turmasamif I don't carry on raising | senköltürüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on raising | olköltürüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on raising | bizköltürüb turmasaqif we don't carry on raising | sizköltürüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on raising | alaköltürüb turmasalaif they don't carry on raising |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menköltürüb tura esemif I have kept raising | senköltürüb tura eseŋif you have kept raising | olköltürüb tura eseif he has kept raising | bizköltürüb tura esekif we have kept raising | sizköltürüb tura esegizif you all have kept raising | alaköltürüb tura eseleif they have kept raising |
| Durative conditional, present real | menköltürüb turmay esemif I haven't kept raising | senköltürüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept raising | olköltürüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept raising | bizköltürüb turmay esekif we haven't kept raising | sizköltürüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept raising | alaköltürüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept raising |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menköltüre tursamif I keep raising | senköltüre tursaŋif you keep raising | olköltüre tursaif he keeps raising | bizköltüre tursaqif we keep raising | sizköltüre tursağızif you all keep raising | alaköltüre tursalaif they keep raising |
| Progressive conditional | menköltürmey tursamif I keep on not raising | senköltürmey tursaŋif you keep on not raising | olköltürmey tursaif he keeps on not raising | bizköltürmey tursaqif we keep on not raising | sizköltürmey tursağızif you all keep on not raising | alaköltürmey tursalaif they keep on not raising |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköltüre tura esemif I am in the middle of raising | senköltüre tura eseŋif you are in the middle of raising | olköltüre tura eseif he is in the middle of raising | bizköltüre tura esekif we are in the middle of raising | sizköltüre tura esegizif you all are in the middle of raising | alaköltüre tura eseleif they are in the middle of raising |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköltürmey tura esemif I keep on not raising | senköltürmey tura eseŋif you keep on not raising | olköltürmey tura eseif he keeps on not raising | bizköltürmey tura esekif we keep on not raising | sizköltürmey tura esegizif you all keep on not raising | alaköltürmey tura eseleif they keep on not raising |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past3 | menköltürdüm esemif I raised | senköltürdüŋ eseŋif you raised | olköltürdü eseif he raised | bizköltürdük esekif we raised | sizköltürdügüz esegizif you all raised | alaköltürdüle eseleif they raised |
| Conditional, definite past3 | menköltürmedim esemif I didn't raise | senköltürmediŋ eseŋif you didn't raise | olköltürmedi eseif he didn't raise | bizköltürmedik esekif we didn't raise | sizköltürmedigiz esegizif you all didn't raise | alaköltürmedile eseleif they didn't raise |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menköltürgen esemif I did raise (indeed) | senköltürgen eseŋif you did raise (indeed) | olköltürgen eseif he did raise (indeed) | bizköltürgen esekif we did raise (indeed) | sizköltürgen esegizif you all did raise (indeed) | alaköltürgen eseleif they did raise (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menköltürmegen esemif I didn't raise (indeed) | senköltürmegen eseŋif you didn't raise (indeed) | olköltürmegen eseif he didn't raise (indeed) | bizköltürmegen esekif we didn't raise (indeed) | sizköltürmegen esegizif you all didn't raise (indeed) | alaköltürmegen eseleif they didn't raise (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköltürgen bolsamif I had raised | senköltürgen bolsaŋif you had raised | olköltürgen bolsaif he had raised | bizköltürgen bolsaqif we had raised | sizköltürgen bolsağızif you all had raised | alaköltürgen bolsalaif they had raised |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköltürmegen bolsamif I hadn't raised | senköltürmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't raised | olköltürmegen bolsaif he hadn't raised | bizköltürmegen bolsaqif we hadn't raised | sizköltürmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't raised | alaköltürmegen bolsalaif they hadn't raised |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköltürgen bolsam ediköltürgen bolsam edif only I had raised | senköltürgen bolsaŋ ediköltürgen bolsaŋ edif only you had raised | olköltürgen bolsa ediköltürgen bolsaedif only he had raised | bizköltürgen bolsaq ediköltürgen bolsaq edif only we had raised | sizköltürgen bolsağız ediköltürgen bolsağız edif only you all had raised | alaköltürgen bolsala ediköltürgen bolsalaedif only they had raised |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköltürmegen bolsam ediköltürmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't raised | senköltürmegen bolsaŋ ediköltürmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't raised | olköltürmegen bolsa ediköltürmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't raised | bizköltürmegen bolsaq ediköltürmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't raised | sizköltürmegen bolsağız ediköltürmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't raised | alaköltürmegen bolsala ediköltürmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't raised |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menköltürür esemif I will raise | senköltürür eseŋif you will raise | olköltürür eseif he will raise | bizköltürür esekif we will raise | sizköltürür esegizif you all will raise | alaköltürür eseleif they will raise |
| Conditional, aorist | menköltürmez esemif I won't raise | senköltürmez eseŋif you won't raise | olköltürmez eseif he won't raise | bizköltürmez esekif we won't raise | sizköltürmez esegizif you all won't raise | alaköltürmez eseleif they won't raise |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menköltürlük esem4költürrük esemif I am going to raise | senköltürlük eseŋ4költürrük eseŋif you are going to raise | olköltürlük ese4költürrük eseif he is going to raise | bizköltürlük esek4költürrük esekif we are going to raise | sizköltürlük esegiz4költürrük esegizif you all are going to raise | alaköltürlük esele4költürrük eseleif they are going to raise |
| Conditional, future | menköltürlük tül esem4költürrük tül esemif I am not going to raise | senköltürlük tül eseŋ4költürrük tül eseŋif you are not going to raise | olköltürlük tül ese4költürrük tül eseif he is not going to raise | bizköltürlük tül esek4költürrük tül esekif we are not going to raise | sizköltürlük tül esegiz4költürrük tül esegizif you all are not going to raise | alaköltürlük tül esele4költürrük tül eseleif they are not going to raise |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköltürlük bolsam5költürrük bolsamif I were going to raise | senköltürlük bolsaŋ5költürrük bolsaŋif you were going to raise | olköltürlük bolsa5költürrük bolsaif he were going to raise | bizköltürlük bolsaq5költürrük bolsaqif we were going to raise | sizköltürlük bolsağız5költürrük bolsağızif you all were going to raise | alaköltürlük bolsala5költürrük bolsalaif they were going to raise |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköltürmezlik bolsamif I were not going to raise | senköltürmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to raise | olköltürmezlik bolsaif he were not going to raise | bizköltürmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to raise | sizköltürmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to raise | alaköltürmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to raise |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso költürdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
- Conditional, futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so költürrük ese
- Conditional, counterfactual futurespoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so költürrük bolsa
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköltüre bolurmaI must be raising | senköltüre bolursayou must be raising | olköltüre bolurhe must be raising | bizköltüre bolurbuzwe must be raising | sizköltüre bolursuzyou all must be raising | alaköltüre bolurlathey must be raising |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköltürmey bolurmaI must not be raising | senköltürmey bolursayou must not be raising | olköltürmey bolurhe must not be raising | bizköltürmey bolurbuzwe must not be raising | sizköltürmey bolursuzyou all must not be raising | alaköltürmey bolurlathey must not be raising |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköltüre tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of raising | senköltüre tura bolursayou must be in the middle of raising | olköltüre tura bolurhe must be in the middle of raising | bizköltüre tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of raising | sizköltüre tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of raising | alaköltüre tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of raising |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköltürmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not raising | senköltürmey tura bolursayou must keep on not raising | olköltürmey tura bolurhe must keep on not raising | bizköltürmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not raising | sizköltürmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not raising | alaköltürmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not raising |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menköltürgen bolurmaI must have raised | senköltürgen bolursayou must have raised | olköltürgen bolurhe must have raised | bizköltürgen bolurbuzwe must have raised | sizköltürgen bolursuzyou all must have raised | alaköltürgen bolurlathey must have raised |
| Inference (must have) | menköltürmegen bolurmaI must not have raised | senköltürmegen bolursayou must not have raised | olköltürmegen bolurhe must not have raised | bizköltürmegen bolurbuzwe must not have raised | sizköltürmegen bolursuzyou all must not have raised | alaköltürmegen bolurlathey must not have raised |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköltürlük bolurma6költürrük bolurmaI must be going to raise | senköltürlük bolursa6költürrük bolursayou must be going to raise | olköltürlük bolur6költürrük bolurhe must be going to raise | bizköltürlük bolurbuz6költürrük bolurbuzwe must be going to raise | sizköltürlük bolursuz6költürrük bolursuzyou all must be going to raise | alaköltürlük bolurla6költürrük bolurlathey must be going to raise |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköltürmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to raise | senköltürmezlik bolursayou must not be going to raise | olköltürmezlik bolurhe must not be going to raise | bizköltürmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to raise | sizköltürmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to raise | alaköltürmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to raise |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Inference, future (must be going to)spoken: -lıq/-lik → -rıq/-rik after r, so költürrük bolur
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menköltüreyimlet me raise | senköltür!raise! | olköltürsünlet him raise | bizköltüreyiklet's raise | sizköltürügüz!raise, you all! | alaköltürsünlelet them raise |
| Commands & suggestions | menköltürmeyimlet me not raise | senköltürme!don't raise! | olköltürmesinlet him not raise | bizköltürmeyiklet's not raise | sizköltürmegiz!don't raise, you all! | alaköltürmesinlelet them not raise |
| Commands & suggestions | menköltüreyimmi?shall I raise? | olköltürsünmü?should he raise? | bizköltüreyikmi?shall we raise? | alaköltürsünlemi?should they raise? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menköltürmeyimmi?shall I not raise? | olköltürmesinmi?should he not raise? | bizköltürmeyikmi?shall we not raise? | alaköltürmesinlemi?should they not raise? | ||
| Requests | senköltürçü7költürçünplease raise | olköltürsünçüdo let him raise | sizköltürçügüzplease raise (plural/polite) | alaköltürsünleçido let them raise | ||
| Requests | senköltürmeçi7költürmeçinplease don't raise | olköltürmesinçido let him not raise | sizköltürmeçigizplease don't raise (plural/polite) | alaköltürmesinleçido let them not raise | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköltürgünköltürgümay you raise | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköltürmeginköltürmegimay you not raise | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköltürgey edim költürge edimwould that I raised | senköltürgey ediŋ költürge ediŋwould that you raised | olköltürgey edi költürge ediwould that he raised | bizköltürgey edik költürge edikwould that we raised | sizköltürgey edigiz költürge edigizwould that you all raised | alaköltürgey edile költürge edilewould that they raised |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköltürmegey edim költürmege edimwould that I did not raise | senköltürmegey ediŋ költürmege ediŋwould that you did not raise | olköltürmegey edi költürmege ediwould that he did not raise | bizköltürmegey edik költürmege edikwould that we did not raise | sizköltürmegey edigiz költürmege edigizwould that you all did not raise | alaköltürmegey edile költürmege edilewould that they did not raise |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköltürmege qoyayımköltürme qoyayımlet me allow someone to raise | senköltürmege qoy!költürme qoy!let someone raise! | olköltürmege qoysunköltürme qoysunlet him allow someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoyayıqköltürme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoyuğuz!költürme qoyuğuz!let someone raise, you all! | alaköltürmege qoysunlaköltürme qoysunlalet them allow someone to raise |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköltürmege qoymayımköltürme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to raise | senköltürmege qoyma!költürme qoyma!don't let someone raise! | olköltürmege qoymasınköltürme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoymayıqköltürme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoymağız!költürme qoymağız!don't let someone raise, you all! | alaköltürmege qoymasınlaköltürme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to raise |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköltürmege qoyayımmı?költürme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoysunmu?költürme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoyayıqmı?költürme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoysunlamı?költürme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to raise? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköltürmege qoymayımmı?költürme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoymasınmı?költürme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoymayıqmı?költürme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoymasınlamı?költürme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to raise? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menköltürmege qoyamaköltürme qoyamaI allow someone to raise | senköltürmege qoyasaköltürme qoyasayou allow someone to raise | olköltürmege qoyadıköltürme qoyadıhe allows someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoyabızköltürme qoyabızwe allow someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoyasızköltürme qoyasızyou all allow someone to raise | alaköltürmege qoyadılaköltürme qoyadılathey allow someone to raise |
| Let someone… (present) | menköltürmege qoymaymaköltürme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to raise | senköltürmege qoymaysaköltürme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to raise | olköltürmege qoymaydıköltürme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoymaybızköltürme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoymaysızköltürme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to raise | alaköltürmege qoymaydılaköltürme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to raise |
| Let someone… (present) | menköltürmege qoyamamı?költürme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to raise? | senköltürmege qoyamısa?költürme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoyamıdı?költürme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoyabızmı?költürme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to raise? | sizköltürmege qoyamısız?költürme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoyamıdıla?költürme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to raise? |
| Let someone… (present) | menköltürmege qoymaymamı?költürme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to raise? | senköltürmege qoymaymısa?költürme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoymaymıdı?költürme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoymaybızmı?költürme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to raise? | sizköltürmege qoymaymısız?költürme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoymaymıdıla?költürme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to raise? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköltürmege qoydumköltürme qoydumI allowed someone to raise | senköltürmege qoyduŋköltürme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to raise | olköltürmege qoyduköltürme qoyduhe allowed someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoyduqköltürme qoyduqwe allowed someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoyduğuzköltürme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to raise | alaköltürmege qoydulaköltürme qoydulathey allowed someone to raise |
| Let someone… (past) | menköltürmege qoymadımköltürme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to raise | senköltürmege qoymadıŋköltürme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to raise | olköltürmege qoymadıköltürme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to raise | bizköltürmege qoymadıqköltürme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to raise | sizköltürmege qoymadığızköltürme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to raise | alaköltürmege qoymadılaköltürme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to raise |
| Let someone… (past) | menköltürmege qoydummu?költürme qoydummu?did I allow someone to raise? | senköltürmege qoyduŋmu?költürme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoydumu?költürme qoydumu?did he allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoyduqmu?költürme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to raise? | sizköltürmege qoyduğuzmu?költürme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoydulamı?költürme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to raise? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköltürmege qoymadımmı?költürme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to raise? | senköltürmege qoymadıŋmı?költürme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to raise? | olköltürmege qoymadımı?költürme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to raise? | bizköltürmege qoymadıqmı?költürme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to raise? | sizköltürmege qoymadığızmı?költürme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to raise? | alaköltürmege qoymadılamı?költürme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to raise? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
költüralırğa be able to raise · költüralmazğa be unable to raise
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menköltüralamaI can raise | senköltüralasayou can raise | olköltüraladıhe can raise | bizköltüralabızwe can raise | sizköltüralasızyou all can raise | alaköltüraladılathey can raise |
| Ability — present | menköltüralmaymaI can't raise | senköltüralmaysayou can't raise | olköltüralmaydıhe can't raise | bizköltüralmaybızwe can't raise | sizköltüralmaysızyou all can't raise | alaköltüralmaydılathey can't raise |
| Ability — present | menköltüralamamı? költüralamıma?can I raise? | senköltüralamısa?can you raise? | olköltüralamıdı?can he raise? | bizköltüralabızmı? költüralamıbız?can we raise? | sizköltüralamısız?can you all raise? | alaköltüralamıdıla?can they raise? |
| Ability — present | menköltüralmaymamı? költüralmaymıma?can't I raise? | senköltüralmaymısa?can't you raise? | olköltüralmaymıdı?can't he raise? | bizköltüralmaybızmı? költüralmaymıbız?can't we raise? | sizköltüralmaymısız?can't you all raise? | alaköltüralmaymıdıla?can't they raise? |
| Ability — if I can… | menköltüralsamif I can raise | senköltüralsaŋif you can raise | olköltüralsaif he can raise | bizköltüralsaqif we can raise | sizköltüralsağızif you all can raise | alaköltüralsalaif they can raise |
| Ability — if I can… | menköltüralmasamif I can't raise | senköltüralmasaŋif you can't raise | olköltüralmasaif he can't raise | bizköltüralmasaqif we can't raise | sizköltüralmasağızif you all can't raise | alaköltüralmasalaif they can't raise |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menköltüraldımI was able to raise | senköltüraldıŋyou were able to raise | olköltüraldıhe was able to raise | bizköltüraldıqwe were able to raise | sizköltüraldığızyou all were able to raise | alaköltüraldılathey were able to raise |
| Ability — simple past | menköltüralmadımI could not raise | senköltüralmadıŋyou could not raise | olköltüralmadıhe could not raise | bizköltüralmadıqwe could not raise | sizköltüralmadığızyou all could not raise | alaköltüralmadılathey could not raise |
| Ability — simple past | menköltüraldımmı?was I able to raise? | senköltüraldıŋmı?were you able to raise? | olköltüraldımı?was he able to raise? | bizköltüraldıqmı?were we able to raise? | sizköltüraldığızmı?were you all able to raise? | alaköltüraldılamı?were they able to raise? |
| Ability — simple past | menköltüralmadımmı?couldn't I raise? | senköltüralmadıŋmı?couldn't you raise? | olköltüralmadımı?couldn't he raise? | bizköltüralmadıqmı?couldn't we raise? | sizköltüralmadığızmı?couldn't you all raise? | alaköltüralmadılamı?couldn't they raise? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköltüralğanmaI have been able to raise | senköltüralğansayou have been able to raise | olköltüralğandıhe has been able to raise | bizköltüralğanbızwe have been able to raise | sizköltüralğansızyou all have been able to raise | alaköltüralğandılathey have been able to raise |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköltüralmağanmaI haven't been able to raise | senköltüralmağansayou haven't been able to raise | olköltüralmağandıhe hasn't been able to raise | bizköltüralmağanbızwe haven't been able to raise | sizköltüralmağansızyou all haven't been able to raise | alaköltüralmağandılathey haven't been able to raise |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköltüralğanmamı? költüralğanmıma?have I been able to raise? | senköltüralğanmısa?have you been able to raise? | olköltüralğanmıdı?has he been able to raise? | bizköltüralğanbızmı? költüralğanmıbız?have we been able to raise? | sizköltüralğanmısız?have you all been able to raise? | alaköltüralğanmıdıla?have they been able to raise? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköltüralmağanmamı? költüralmağanmıma?haven't I been able to raise? | senköltüralmağanmısa?haven't you been able to raise? | olköltüralmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to raise? | bizköltüralmağanbızmı? költüralmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to raise? | sizköltüralmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to raise? | alaköltüralmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to raise? |
| Ability — past perfect | menköltüralğan edimköltüralğanemI had been able to raise | senköltüralğan ediŋköltüralğaneŋyou had been able to raise | olköltüralğan ediköltüralğanedhe had been able to raise | bizköltüralğan edikköltüralğanekwe had been able to raise | sizköltüralğan edigizköltüralğanegizyou all had been able to raise | alaköltüralğan edileköltüralğanellethey had been able to raise |
| Ability — past perfect | menköltüralmağan edimköltüralmağanemI hadn't been able to raise | senköltüralmağan ediŋköltüralmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to raise | olköltüralmağan ediköltüralmağanedhe hadn't been able to raise | bizköltüralmağan edikköltüralmağanekwe hadn't been able to raise | sizköltüralmağan edigizköltüralmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to raise | alaköltüralmağan edileköltüralmağanellethey hadn't been able to raise |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menköltürala edimköltüralaemI could raise | senköltürala ediŋköltüralaeŋyou could raise | olköltürala ediköltüralaedhe could raise | bizköltürala edikköltüralaekwe could raise | sizköltürala edigizköltüralaegizyou all could raise | alaköltürala edileköltüralaellethey could raise |
| Ability — past background | menköltüralmay edimköltüralmayemI could not raise | senköltüralmay ediŋköltüralmayeŋyou could not raise | olköltüralmay ediköltüralmayedhe could not raise | bizköltüralmay edikköltüralmayekwe could not raise | sizköltüralmay edigizköltüralmayegizyou all could not raise | alaköltüralmay edileköltüralmayellethey could not raise |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menköltüralırmaI will be able to raise | senköltüralırsayou will be able to raise | olköltüralırhe will be able to raise | bizköltüralırbızwe will be able to raise | sizköltüralırsızyou all will be able to raise | alaköltüralırlathey will be able to raise |
| Ability — future I | menköltüralmazmaI won't be able to raise | senköltüralmazsayou won't be able to raise | olköltüralmazhe won't be able to raise | bizköltüralmazbızwe won't be able to raise | sizköltüralmazsızyou all won't be able to raise | alaköltüralmazlathey won't be able to raise |
| Ability — future I | menköltüralırmamı? költüralırmıma?will I be able to raise? | senköltüralırmısa?will you be able to raise? | olköltüralırmı?will he be able to raise? | bizköltüralırbızmı? költüralırmıbız?will we be able to raise? | sizköltüralırmısız?will you all be able to raise? | alaköltüralırlamı? költüralırmıla?will they be able to raise? |
| Ability — future I | menköltüralmazmamı? költüralmazmıma?won't I be able to raise? | senköltüralmazmısa?won't you be able to raise? | olköltüralmazmı?won't he be able to raise? | bizköltüralmazbızmı? költüralmazmıbız?won't we be able to raise? | sizköltüralmazmısız?won't you all be able to raise? | alaköltüralmazlamı? költüralmazmıla?won't they be able to raise? |
| Ability — future II | menköltürallıqmaI am going to be able to raise | senköltürallıqsayou are going to be able to raise | olköltürallıqdıhe is going to be able to raise | bizköltürallıqbızwe are going to be able to raise | sizköltürallıqsızyou all are going to be able to raise | alaköltürallıqdılathey are going to be able to raise |
| Ability — future II | menköltürallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to raise | senköltürallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to raise | olköltürallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to raise | bizköltürallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to raise | sizköltürallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to raise | alaköltürallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to raise |
| Ability — future II | menköltürallıqmamı? költürallıqmıma?am I going to be able to raise? | senköltürallıqmısa?are you going to be able to raise? | olköltürallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to raise? | bizköltürallıqbızmı? költürallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to raise? | sizköltürallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to raise? | alaköltürallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to raise? |
| Ability — future II | menköltürallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to raise? | senköltürallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to raise? | olköltürallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to raise? | bizköltürallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to raise? | sizköltürallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to raise? | alaköltürallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to raise? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköltüralır edimköltüralır emI would be able to raise | senköltüralır ediŋköltüralır eŋyou would be able to raise | olköltüralır ediköltüralır edhe would be able to raise | bizköltüralır edikköltüralır ekwe would be able to raise | sizköltüralır edigizköltüralır egizyou all would be able to raise | alaköltüralır edileköltüralır ellethey would be able to raise |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköltüralmaz edimköltüralmaz emI wouldn't be able to raise | senköltüralmaz ediŋköltüralmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to raise | olköltüralmaz ediköltüralmaz edhe wouldn't be able to raise | bizköltüralmaz edikköltüralmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to raise | sizköltüralmaz edigizköltüralmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to raise | alaköltüralmaz edileköltüralmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to raise |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköltüralğınköltüralğımay you be able to raise | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköltüralmağınköltüralmağımay you not be able to raise | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menköltürürge izleymeI want to raise | senköltürürge izleyseyou want to raise | olköltürürge izleydihe wants to raise | bizköltürürge izleybizwe want to raise | sizköltürürge izleysizyou all want to raise | alaköltürürge izleydilethey want to raise |
| want to | menköltürürge izlemeymeI do not want to raise | senköltürürge izlemeyseyou do not want to raise | olköltürürge izlemeydihe does not want to raise | bizköltürürge izlemeybizwe do not want to raise | sizköltürürge izlemeysizyou all do not want to raise | alaköltürürge izlemeydilethey do not want to raise |
| would like to | menköltürürge süemeI would like to raise | senköltürürge süeseyou would like to raise | olköltürürge süedihe would like to raise | bizköltürürge süebizwe would like to raise | sizköltürürge süesizyou all would like to raise | alaköltürürge süedilethey would like to raise |
| would like to | menköltürürge süymeymeI would not like to raise | senköltürürge süymeyseyou would not like to raise | olköltürürge süymeydihe would not like to raise | bizköltürürge süymeybizwe would not like to raise | sizköltürürge süymeysizyou all would not like to raise | alaköltürürge süymeydilethey would not like to raise |
| hope to | menköltürürge umutlanamaI hope to raise | senköltürürge umutlanasayou hope to raise | olköltürürge umutlanadıhe hopes to raise | bizköltürürge umutlanabızwe hope to raise | sizköltürürge umutlanasızyou all hope to raise | alaköltürürge umutlanadılathey hope to raise |
| hope to | menköltürürge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to raise | senköltürürge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to raise | olköltürürge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to raise | bizköltürürge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to raise | sizköltürürge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to raise | alaköltürürge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to raise |
| be about to | menköltürürge deb turamaI am about to raise | senköltürürge deb turasayou are about to raise | olköltürürge deb turadıhe is about to raise | bizköltürürge deb turabızwe are about to raise | sizköltürürge deb turasızyou all are about to raise | alaköltürürge deb turadılathey are about to raise |
| be about to | menköltürürge deb turmaymaI am not about to raise | senköltürürge deb turmaysayou are not about to raise | olköltürürge deb turmaydıhe is not about to raise | bizköltürürge deb turmaybızwe are not about to raise | sizköltürürge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to raise | alaköltürürge deb turmaydılathey are not about to raise |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menköltürürge kerekmeI need to raise | senköltürürge kerekseyou need to raise | olköltürürge kerekdihe needs to raise | bizköltürürge kerekbizwe need to raise | sizköltürürge kereksizyou all need to raise | alaköltürürge kerekdilethey need to raise |
| need to | menköltürürge kerek tülmeI do not need to raise | senköltürürge kerek tülseyou do not need to raise | olköltürürge kerek tüldühe does not need to raise | bizköltürürge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to raise | sizköltürürge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to raise | alaköltürürge kerek tüldülethey do not need to raise |
| have to | menmenŋe költürürge tüşediI have to raise | sensenŋe költürürge tüşediyou have to raise | olaŋa költürürge tüşedihe has to raise | bizbizge költürürge tüşediwe have to raise | sizsizge költürürge tüşediyou all have to raise | alaalağa költürürge tüşedithey have to raise |
| have to | menmenŋe költürürge tüşmeydiI do not have to raise | sensenŋe költürürge tüşmeydiyou do not have to raise | olaŋa költürürge tüşmeydihe does not have to raise | bizbizge költürürge tüşmeydiwe do not have to raise | sizsizge költürürge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to raise | alaalağa költürürge tüşmeydithey do not have to raise |
| be obliged to | menköltürürge borçlumaI am obliged to raise | senköltürürge borçlusayou are obliged to raise | olköltürürge borçluduhe is obliged to raise | bizköltürürge borçlubuzwe are obliged to raise | sizköltürürge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to raise | alaköltürürge borçludulathey are obliged to raise |
| be obliged to | menköltürürge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to raise | senköltürürge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to raise | olköltürürge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to raise | bizköltürürge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to raise | sizköltürürge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to raise | alaköltürürge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to raise |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menköltürürge madarım bardıI have a way to raise | senköltürürge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to raise | olköltürürge madarı bardıhe has a way to raise | bizköltürürge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to raise | sizköltürürge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to raise | alaköltürürge madarları bardıthey have a way to raise |
| have a way to | menköltürürge madarım joqduI have no way to raise | senköltürürge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to raise | olköltürürge madarı joqduhe has no way to raise | bizköltürürge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to raise | sizköltürürge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to raise | alaköltürürge madarları joqduthey have no way to raise |
| be free to | menköltürürge erkinligim bardıI am free to raise | senköltürürge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to raise | olköltürürge erkinligi bardıhe is free to raise | bizköltürürge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to raise | sizköltürürge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to raise | alaköltürürge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to raise |
| be free to | menköltürürge erkinligim joqduI am not free to raise | senköltürürge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to raise | olköltürürge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to raise | bizköltürürge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to raise | sizköltürürge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to raise | alaköltürürge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to raise |
| be possible to | menmenŋe költürürge bolluqduit is possible for me to raise | sensenŋe költürürge bolluqduit is possible for you to raise | olaŋa költürürge bolluqduit is possible for him to raise | bizbizge költürürge bolluqduit is possible for us to raise | sizsizge költürürge bolluqduit is possible for you all to raise | alaalağa költürürge bolluqduit is possible for them to raise |
| be possible to | menmenŋe költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to raise | sensenŋe költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to raise | olaŋa költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to raise | bizbizge költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to raise | sizsizge költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to raise | alaalağa költürürge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to raise |
| be ready to | menköltürürge hazırmaI am ready to raise | senköltürürge hazırsayou are ready to raise | olköltürürge hazırdıhe is ready to raise | bizköltürürge hazırbızwe are ready to raise | sizköltürürge hazırsızyou all are ready to raise | alaköltürürge hazırdılathey are ready to raise |
| be ready to | menköltürürge hazır tülmeI am not ready to raise | senköltürürge hazır tülseyou are not ready to raise | olköltürürge hazır tüldühe is not ready to raise | bizköltürürge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to raise | sizköltürürge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to raise | alaköltürürge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to raise |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menköltürürge küreşemeI am trying to raise | senköltürürge küreşeseyou are trying to raise | olköltürürge küreşedihe is trying to raise | bizköltürürge küreşebizwe are trying to raise | sizköltürürge küreşesizyou all are trying to raise | alaköltürürge küreşedilethey are trying to raise |
| try to | menköltürürge küreşmeymeI am not trying to raise | senköltürürge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to raise | olköltürürge küreşmeydihe is not trying to raise | bizköltürürge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to raise | sizköltürürge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to raise | alaköltürürge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to raise |
| agree to | menköltürürge unaymaI agree to raise | senköltürürge unaysayou agree to raise | olköltürürge unaydıhe agrees to raise | bizköltürürge unaybızwe agree to raise | sizköltürürge unaysızyou all agree to raise | alaköltürürge unaydılathey agree to raise |
| agree to | menköltürürge unamaymaI refuse to raise | senköltürürge unamaysayou refuse to raise | olköltürürge unamaydıhe refuses to raise | bizköltürürge unamaybızwe refuse to raise | sizköltürürge unamaysızyou all refuse to raise | alaköltürürge unamaydılathey refuse to raise |
| hurry to | menköltürürge aşığamaI am in a hurry to raise | senköltürürge aşığasayou are in a hurry to raise | olköltürürge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to raise | bizköltürürge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to raise | sizköltürürge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to raise | alaköltürürge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to raise |
| hurry to | menköltürürge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to raise | senköltürürge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to raise | olköltürürge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to raise | bizköltürürge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to raise | sizköltürürge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to raise | alaköltürürge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to raise |
| be afraid to | menköltürürge qorqamaI am afraid to raise | senköltürürge qorqasayou are afraid to raise | olköltürürge qorqadıhe is afraid to raise | bizköltürürge qorqabızwe are afraid to raise | sizköltürürge qorqasızyou all are afraid to raise | alaköltürürge qorqadılathey are afraid to raise |
| be afraid to | menköltürürge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to raise | senköltürürge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to raise | olköltürürge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to raise | bizköltürürge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to raise | sizköltürürge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to raise | alaköltürürge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to raise |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menköltüre bolmazmaI can't be raising | senköltüre bolmazsayou can't be raising | olköltüre bolmazhe can't be raising | bizköltüre bolmazbızwe can't be raising | sizköltüre bolmazsızyou all can't be raising | alaköltüre bolmazlathey can't be raising |
| Inference, present — double negation | menköltürmey bolmazmaI must be raising (emphatic) | senköltürmey bolmazsayou must be raising (emphatic) | olköltürmey bolmazhe must be raising (emphatic) | bizköltürmey bolmazbızwe must be raising (emphatic) | sizköltürmey bolmazsızyou all must be raising (emphatic) | alaköltürmey bolmazlathey must be raising (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menköltüre turmasamif I don't keep raising | senköltüre turmasaŋif you don't keep raising | olköltüre turmasaif he doesn't keep raising | bizköltüre turmasaqif we don't keep raising | sizköltüre turmasağızif you all don't keep raising | alaköltüre turmasalaif they don't keep raising |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menköltüre tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of raising | senköltüre tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of raising | olköltüre tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of raising | bizköltüre tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of raising | sizköltüre tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of raising | alaköltüre tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of raising |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menköltürmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not raising (emphatic) | senköltürmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not raising (emphatic) | olköltürmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not raising (emphatic) | bizköltürmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not raising (emphatic) | sizköltürmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not raising (emphatic) | alaköltürmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not raising (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menköltürmey turamaI keep on not raising | senköltürmey turasayou keep on not raising | olköltürmey turadıhe keeps on not raising | bizköltürmey turabızwe keep on not raising | sizköltürmey turasızyou all keep on not raising | alaköltürmey turadılathey keep on not raising |
| Progressive — double negation | menköltürmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not raising | senköltürmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not raising | olköltürmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not raising | bizköltürmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not raising | sizköltürmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not raising | alaköltürmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not raising |
| Progressive — double negation | menköltürmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not raising? | senköltürmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not raising? | olköltürmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not raising? | bizköltürmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not raising? | sizköltürmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not raising? | alaköltürmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not raising? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menköltürgen bolmazmaI can't have raised | senköltürgen bolmazsayou can't have raised | olköltürgen bolmazhe can't have raised | bizköltürgen bolmazbızwe can't have raised | sizköltürgen bolmazsızyou all can't have raised | alaköltürgen bolmazlathey can't have raised |
| Inference — double negation | menköltürmegen bolmazmaI must have raised (emphatic) | senköltürmegen bolmazsayou must have raised (emphatic) | olköltürmegen bolmazhe must have raised (emphatic) | bizköltürmegen bolmazbızwe must have raised (emphatic) | sizköltürmegen bolmazsızyou all must have raised (emphatic) | alaköltürmegen bolmazlathey must have raised (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menköltürgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had raised | senköltürgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had raised | olköltürgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had raised | bizköltürgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had raised | sizköltürgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had raised | alaköltürgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had raised |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menköltürmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't raised | senköltürmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't raised | olköltürmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't raised | bizköltürmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't raised | sizköltürmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't raised | alaköltürmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't raised |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menköltürlük bolmazmaI can't be going to raise | senköltürlük bolmazsayou can't be going to raise | olköltürlük bolmazhe can't be going to raise | bizköltürlük bolmazbızwe can't be going to raise | sizköltürlük bolmazsızyou all can't be going to raise | alaköltürlük bolmazlathey can't be going to raise |
| Inference, future — double negation | menköltürmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to raise (emphatic) | senköltürmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to raise (emphatic) | olköltürmezlik bolmazhe must be going to raise (emphatic) | bizköltürmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to raise (emphatic) | sizköltürmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to raise (emphatic) | alaköltürmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to raise (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menköltürlük bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to raise | senköltürlük bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to raise | olköltürlük bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to raise | bizköltürlük bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to raise | sizköltürlük bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to raise | alaköltürlük bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to raise |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menköltürmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to raise | senköltürmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to raise | olköltürmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to raise | bizköltürmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to raise | sizköltürmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to raise | alaköltürmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to raise |