köberge
/køberɡe/
1. swell, swell up (of the body) — Said of a body or a body part that puffs up, as a cheek, the legs or the skin under the eyes.
- meni ayaqlarım köbgendile — my legs have swollen
- anı jayağı köbgendi — his cheek has swollen up
- köz tübleni köbgeni — the swelling under the eyes
- tuluq kibik köberge — to swell up like a waterskin
- köbüb başlarğa — to begin to swell
- köbüb qalırğa — to swell up
- köbüb ürülürge — to swell up
2. swell with moisture (of grain or soil)
- jer jaŋurladan köbedi — the soil swells from the rains
- bürtükle suwda köbdüle — the grains swelled in the water
- keçe suwda turğan buday köbgendi — the wheat that lay in water overnight has swollen
- mılı topuraq köbüb qalğandı — the damp soil has swollen up
3. rise (of dough)
- tılı terk köbedi — the dough rises quickly
- keçe tılı köbüb qalğandı — the dough rose overnight
- jılı jerde tılı köberikdi — in a warm place the dough will rise
4. fill with sap, swell (of buds) — Said of buds and unopened flowers that fill out and grow plump in spring. one source
- çirçikle köbdüle — the buds filled out
- jazda terekle köbedile — in spring the trees fill with sap
- terekni çirçikleri köbüb açılğandıla — the tree's buds have filled out and opened
5. inflate, fill with air or gas
- tob köbdü — the ball filled out
- tuluq hawadan köbdü — the waterskin filled out with air
6. billow, be pulled taut by the wind
- jelden köbe qara jamıçıları — their black felt cloaks swelling in the wind
- jelden kölegim köbüb qaldı — my shirt billowed out in the wind
- jel urğanda köbedi — it is pulled taut when the wind strikes
7. sulk, take offense at someone
- birewge köberge — to take offense at somebody
- açıwdan köberge — to sulk from hurt
- köbüb tururğa — to go about sulking
- jaş anasına köbüb turadı — the boy is sulking at his mother
8. act self-important, put on airs
- Qırım tawuqça köberge — to puff oneself up like a turkey
- qulluq alıb köbüb qalğandı — he got a post and has been putting on airs
- köbme, bizni kibik adamsa — do not put on airs, you are a person like us
9. be stuffed, packed full (of wool or down) one source
- jünden köbgen töşek jılıdı — a mattress stuffed with wool is warm
- jastıqla jumuşaq quwdan köbgendile — the pillows are packed full of soft down
- kiyik tükden köbgen köpçegi — the cushion stuffed with animal hair
10. rise, swell (of water or waves) one source
- jawumdan sora suw köbgendi — after the rain the river has risen
- teŋizde tolqunla köbüb başladıla — the waves began to swell on the sea
- tolqunla köbgendile tawlay — the waves have risen like mountains
Expressions
- başı köber — you'd have loved that
- başımı köbedi — why should I?
Conjugation
Common forms
- köbedihe is swelling
- köbdühe swelled
- köbgendihe has swollen
- köberhe will swell
- köberikdihe is going to swell
- köbe edihe was swelling
- köbseif he swells
- köb!swell!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköbemeI am swelling | senköbeseyou are swelling | olköbedihe is swelling | bizköbebizwe are swelling | sizköbesizyou all are swelling | alaköbedilethey are swelling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköbmeymeI am not swelling | senköbmeyseyou are not swelling | olköbmeydihe is not swelling | bizköbmeybizwe are not swelling | sizköbmeysizyou all are not swelling | alaköbmeydilethey are not swelling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköbememi? köbemime?am I swelling? | senköbemise?are you swelling? | olköbemidi?is he swelling? | bizköbebizmi? köbemibiz?are we swelling? | sizköbemisiz?are you all swelling? | alaköbemidile?are they swelling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menköbmeymemi? köbmeymime?aren't I swelling? | senköbmeymise?aren't you swelling? | olköbmeymidi?isn't he swelling? | bizköbmeybizmi? köbmeymibiz?aren't we swelling? | sizköbmeymisiz?aren't you all swelling? | alaköbmeymidile?aren't they swelling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköbüwçenmeI usually swell | senköbüwçenseyou usually swell | olköbüwçendihe usually swells | bizköbüwçenbizwe usually swell | sizköbüwçensizyou all usually swell | alaköbüwçendilethey usually swell |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköbmewçenmeI usually don't swell | senköbmewçenseyou usually don't swell | olköbmewçendihe usually doesn't swell | bizköbmewçenbizwe usually don't swell | sizköbmewçensizyou all usually don't swell | alaköbmewçendilethey usually don't swell |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköbüwçenmemi? köbüwçenmime?do I usually swell? | senköbüwçenmise?do you usually swell? | olköbüwçenmidi?does he usually swell? | bizköbüwçenbizmi? köbüwçenmibiz?do we usually swell? | sizköbüwçenmisiz?do you all usually swell? | alaköbüwçenmidile?do they usually swell? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menköbmewçenmemi? köbmewçenmime?do I usually not swell? | senköbmewçenmise?do you usually not swell? | olköbmewçenmidi?does he usually not swell? | bizköbmewçenbizmi? köbmewçenmibiz?do we usually not swell? | sizköbmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not swell? | alaköbmewçenmidile?do they usually not swell? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköbübdühe has swollen and remains so | alaköbübdülethey have swollen and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olköbübmüdü?has he swollen? | alaköbübmüdüle?have they swollen? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköbüb turamaI keep swelling | senköbüb turasayou keep swelling | olköbüb turadıhe keeps swelling | bizköbüb turabızwe keep swelling | sizköbüb turasızyou all keep swelling | alaköbüb turadılathey keep swelling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköbüb turmaymaI don't keep swelling | senköbüb turmaysayou don't keep swelling | olköbüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep swelling | bizköbüb turmaybızwe don't keep swelling | sizköbüb turmaysızyou all don't keep swelling | alaköbüb turmaydılathey don't keep swelling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköbüb turamamı? köbüb turamıma?do I keep swelling? | senköbüb turamısa?do you keep swelling? | olköbüb turamıdı?does he keep swelling? | bizköbüb turabızmı? köbüb turamıbız?do we keep swelling? | sizköbüb turamısız?do you all keep swelling? | alaköbüb turamıdıla?do they keep swelling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menköbüb turmaymamı? köbüb turmaymıma?don't I keep swelling? | senköbüb turmaymısa?don't you keep swelling? | olköbüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep swelling? | bizköbüb turmaybızmı? köbüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep swelling? | sizköbüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep swelling? | alaköbüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep swelling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköbe turamaI am in the middle of swelling | senköbe turasayou are in the middle of swelling | olköbe turadıhe is in the middle of swelling | bizköbe turabızwe are in the middle of swelling | sizköbe turasızyou all are in the middle of swelling | alaköbe turadılathey are in the middle of swelling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköbe turmaymaI am not in the middle of swelling | senköbe turmaysayou are not in the middle of swelling | olköbe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of swelling | bizköbe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of swelling | sizköbe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of swelling | alaköbe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of swelling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköbe turamamı? köbe turamıma?am I in the middle of swelling? | senköbe turamısa?are you in the middle of swelling? | olköbe turamıdı?is he in the middle of swelling? | bizköbe turabızmı? köbe turamıbız?are we in the middle of swelling? | sizköbe turamısız?are you all in the middle of swelling? | alaköbe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of swelling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menköbe turmaymamı? köbe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of swelling? | senköbe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of swelling? | olköbe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of swelling? | bizköbe turmaybızmı? köbe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of swelling? | sizköbe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of swelling? | alaköbe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of swelling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköbdümI swelled | senköbdüŋyou swelled | olköbdühe swelled | bizköbdükwe swelled | sizköbdügüzyou all swelled | alaköbdülethey swelled |
| Simple past (definite) | menköbmedimI didn't swell | senköbmediŋyou didn't swell | olköbmedihe didn't swell | bizköbmedikwe didn't swell | sizköbmedigizyou all didn't swell | alaköbmedilethey didn't swell |
| Simple past (definite) | menköbdümmü?did I swell? | senköbdüŋmü?did you swell? | olköbdümü?did he swell? | bizköbdükmü?did we swell? | sizköbdügüzmü?did you all swell? | alaköbdülemi?did they swell? |
| Simple past (definite) | menköbmedimmi?didn't I swell? | senköbmediŋmi?didn't you swell? | olköbmedimi?didn't he swell? | bizköbmedikmi?didn't we swell? | sizköbmedigizmi?didn't you all swell? | alaköbmedilemi?didn't they swell? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköbgenmeI have swollen | senköbgenseyou have swollen | olköbgendihe has swollen | bizköbgenbizwe have swollen | sizköbgensizyou all have swollen | alaköbgendilethey have swollen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköbmegenmeI haven't swollen | senköbmegenseyou haven't swollen | olköbmegendihe hasn't swollen | bizköbmegenbizwe haven't swollen | sizköbmegensizyou all haven't swollen | alaköbmegendilethey haven't swollen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköbgenmemi? köbgenmime?have I swollen? | senköbgenmise?have you swollen? | olköbgenmidi?has he swollen? | bizköbgenbizmi? köbgenmibiz?have we swollen? | sizköbgenmisiz?have you all swollen? | alaköbgenmidile?have they swollen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menköbmegenmemi? köbmegenmime?haven't I swollen? | senköbmegenmise?haven't you swollen? | olköbmegenmidi?hasn't he swollen? | bizköbmegenbizmi? köbmegenmibiz?haven't we swollen? | sizköbmegenmisiz?haven't you all swollen? | alaköbmegenmidile?haven't they swollen? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköbüb turdumI kept swelling | senköbüb turduŋyou kept swelling | olköbüb turduhe kept swelling | bizköbüb turduqwe kept swelling | sizköbüb turduğuzyou all kept swelling | alaköbüb turdulathey kept swelling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menköbüb turmadımI didn't keep swelling | senköbüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep swelling | olköbüb turmadıhe didn't keep swelling | bizköbüb turmadıqwe didn't keep swelling | sizköbüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep swelling | alaköbüb turmadılathey didn't keep swelling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköbermeI will swell | senköberseyou will swell | olköberhe will swell | bizköberbizwe will swell | sizköbersizyou all will swell | alaköberlethey will swell |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköbmezmeI won't swell | senköbmezseyou won't swell | olköbmezhe won't swell | bizköbmezbizwe won't swell | sizköbmezsizyou all won't swell | alaköbmezlethey won't swell |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköbermemi? köbermime?will I swell? | senköbermise?will you swell? | olköbermi?will he swell? | bizköberbizmi? köbermibiz?will we swell? | sizköbermisiz?will you all swell? | alaköberlemi? köbermile?will they swell? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menköbmezmemi? köbmezmime?won't I swell? | senköbmezmise?won't you swell? | olköbmezmi?won't he swell? | bizköbmezbizmi? köbmezmibiz?won't we swell? | sizköbmezmisiz?won't you all swell? | alaköbmezlemi? köbmezmile?won't they swell? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköberikmeI am going to swell | senköberikseyou are going to swell | olköberikdihe is going to swell | bizköberikbizwe are going to swell | sizköberiksizyou all are going to swell | alaköberikdilethey are going to swell |
| Definite future (future II) | menköberik tülmeI am not going to swell | senköberik tülseyou are not going to swell | olköberik tüldühe is not going to swell | bizköberik tülbüzwe are not going to swell | sizköberik tülsüzyou all are not going to swell | alaköberik tüldülethey are not going to swell |
| Definite future (future II) | menköberikmemi? köberikmime?am I going to swell? | senköberikmise?are you going to swell? | olköberikmidi?is he going to swell? | bizköberikbizmi? köberikmibiz?are we going to swell? | sizköberikmisiz?are you all going to swell? | alaköberikmidile?are they going to swell? |
| Definite future (future II) | menköberik tülmüme?aren't I going to swell? | senköberik tülmüse?aren't you going to swell? | olköberik tülmüdü?isn't he going to swell? | bizköberik tülmübüz?aren't we going to swell? | sizköberik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to swell? | alaköberik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to swell? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköbgen edimköbgenemI had swollen | senköbgen ediŋköbgeneŋyou had swollen | olköbgen ediköbgenedhe had swollen | bizköbgen edikköbgenekwe had swollen | sizköbgen edigizköbgenegizyou all had swollen | alaköbgen edileköbgenellethey had swollen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menköbmegen edimköbmegenemI hadn't swollen | senköbmegen ediŋköbmegeneŋyou hadn't swollen | olköbmegen ediköbmegenedhe hadn't swollen | bizköbmegen edikköbmegenekwe hadn't swollen | sizköbmegen edigizköbmegenegizyou all hadn't swollen | alaköbmegen edileköbmegenellethey hadn't swollen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköbe edimköbemI was swelling | senköbe ediŋköbeŋyou were swelling | olköbe ediköbedhe was swelling | bizköbe edikköbekwe were swelling | sizköbe edigizköbegizyou all were swelling | alaköbe edileköbellethey were swelling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menköbmey edimköbmeyemI wasn't swelling | senköbmey ediŋköbmeyeŋyou weren't swelling | olköbmey ediköbmeyedhe wasn't swelling | bizköbmey edikköbmeyekwe weren't swelling | sizköbmey edigizköbmeyegizyou all weren't swelling | alaköbmey edileköbmeyellethey weren't swelling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menköbüwçen edimköbüwçenemI used to swell | senköbüwçen ediŋköbüwçeneŋyou used to swell | olköbüwçen ediköbüwçenedhe used to swell | bizköbüwçen edikköbüwçenekwe used to swell | sizköbüwçen edigizköbüwçenegizyou all used to swell | alaköbüwçen edileköbüwçenellethey used to swell |
| Habitual past (used to) | menköbmewçen edimköbmewçenemI didn't use to swell | senköbmewçen ediŋköbmewçeneŋyou didn't use to swell | olköbmewçen ediköbmewçenedhe didn't use to swell | bizköbmewçen edikköbmewçenekwe didn't use to swell | sizköbmewçen edigizköbmewçenegizyou all didn't use to swell | alaköbmewçen edileköbmewçenellethey didn't use to swell |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköbüb edihe had swollen and remained so | alaköbüb edilethey had swollen and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olköbüb tül edihe hadn't swollen | alaköbüb tül edilethey hadn't swollen | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköbüb tura edimköbüb turaemI had kept swelling | senköbüb tura ediŋköbüb turaeŋyou had kept swelling | olköbüb tura ediköbüb turaedhe had kept swelling | bizköbüb tura edikköbüb turaekwe had kept swelling | sizköbüb tura edigizköbüb turaegizyou all had kept swelling | alaköbüb tura edileköbüb turaellethey had kept swelling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menköbüb turmay edimköbüb turmayemI hadn't kept swelling | senköbüb turmay ediŋköbüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept swelling | olköbüb turmay ediköbüb turmayedhe hadn't kept swelling | bizköbüb turmay edikköbüb turmayekwe hadn't kept swelling | sizköbüb turmay edigizköbüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept swelling | alaköbüb turmay edileköbüb turmayellethey hadn't kept swelling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköbe tura edimköbe turaemI was in the middle of swelling | senköbe tura ediŋköbe turaeŋyou were in the middle of swelling | olköbe tura ediköbe turaedhe was in the middle of swelling | bizköbe tura edikköbe turaekwe were in the middle of swelling | sizköbe tura edigizköbe turaegizyou all were in the middle of swelling | alaköbe tura edileköbe turaellethey were in the middle of swelling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menköbe turmay edimköbe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of swelling | senköbe turmay ediŋköbe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of swelling | olköbe turmay ediköbe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of swelling | bizköbe turmay edikköbe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of swelling | sizköbe turmay edigizköbe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of swelling | alaköbe turmay edileköbe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of swelling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menköber edimköber emI would swell | senköber ediŋköber eŋyou would swell | olköber ediköber edhe would swell | bizköber edikköber ekwe would swell | sizköber edigizköber egizyou all would swell | alaköber edileköber ellethey would swell |
| Conditional result (would) | menköbmez edimköbmez emI wouldn't swell | senköbmez ediŋköbmez eŋyou wouldn't swell | olköbmez ediköbmez edhe wouldn't swell | bizköbmez edikköbmez ekwe wouldn't swell | sizköbmez edigizköbmez egizyou all wouldn't swell | alaköbmez edileköbmez ellethey wouldn't swell |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköberik edimköberik emI would have swollen | senköberik ediŋköberik eŋyou would have swollen | olköberik ediköberik edhe would have swollen | bizköberik edikköberik ekwe would have swollen | sizköberik edigizköberik egizyou all would have swollen | alaköberik edileköberik ellethey would have swollen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menköberik tül edimköberik tül emI wouldn't have swollen | senköberik tül ediŋköberik tül eŋyou wouldn't have swollen | olköberik tül ediköberik tül edhe wouldn't have swollen | bizköberik tül edikköberik tül ekwe wouldn't have swollen | sizköberik tül edigizköberik tül egizyou all wouldn't have swollen | alaköberik tül edileköberik tül ellethey wouldn't have swollen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menköbsemif I swell | senköbseŋif you swell | olköbseif he swells | bizköbsekif we swell | sizköbsegizif you all swell | alaköbseleif they swell |
| Conditional | menköbmesemif I don't swell | senköbmeseŋif you don't swell | olköbmeseif he doesn't swell | bizköbmesekif we don't swell | sizköbmesegizif you all don't swell | alaköbmeseleif they don't swell |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menköbe esemif I am swelling | senköbe eseŋif you are swelling | olköbe eseif he is swelling | bizköbe esekif we are swelling | sizköbe esegizif you all are swelling | alaköbe eseleif they are swelling |
| Conditional, present real | menköbmey esemif I am not swelling | senköbmey eseŋif you are not swelling | olköbmey eseif he is not swelling | bizköbmey esekif we are not swelling | sizköbmey esegizif you all are not swelling | alaköbmey eseleif they are not swelling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköbsem ediköbsem edif only I swelled | senköbseŋ ediköbseŋ edif only you swelled | olköbse ediköbsedif only he swelled | bizköbsek ediköbsek edif only we swelled | sizköbsegiz ediköbsegiz edif only you all swelled | alaköbsele ediköbseledif only they swelled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menköbmesem ediköbmesem edif only I didn't swell | senköbmeseŋ ediköbmeseŋ edif only you didn't swell | olköbmese ediköbmesedif only he didn't swell | bizköbmesek ediköbmesek edif only we didn't swell | sizköbmesegiz ediköbmesegiz edif only you all didn't swell | alaköbmesele ediköbmeseledif only they didn't swell |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menköbüb tursamif I carry on swelling | senköbüb tursaŋif you carry on swelling | olköbüb tursaif he carries on swelling | bizköbüb tursaqif we carry on swelling | sizköbüb tursağızif you all carry on swelling | alaköbüb tursalaif they carry on swelling |
| Durative conditional | menköbüb turmasamif I don't carry on swelling | senköbüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on swelling | olköbüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on swelling | bizköbüb turmasaqif we don't carry on swelling | sizköbüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on swelling | alaköbüb turmasalaif they don't carry on swelling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menköbüb tura esemif I have kept swelling | senköbüb tura eseŋif you have kept swelling | olköbüb tura eseif he has kept swelling | bizköbüb tura esekif we have kept swelling | sizköbüb tura esegizif you all have kept swelling | alaköbüb tura eseleif they have kept swelling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menköbüb turmay esemif I haven't kept swelling | senköbüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept swelling | olköbüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept swelling | bizköbüb turmay esekif we haven't kept swelling | sizköbüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept swelling | alaköbüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept swelling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menköbe tursamif I keep swelling | senköbe tursaŋif you keep swelling | olköbe tursaif he keeps swelling | bizköbe tursaqif we keep swelling | sizköbe tursağızif you all keep swelling | alaköbe tursalaif they keep swelling |
| Progressive conditional | menköbmey tursamif I keep on not swelling | senköbmey tursaŋif you keep on not swelling | olköbmey tursaif he keeps on not swelling | bizköbmey tursaqif we keep on not swelling | sizköbmey tursağızif you all keep on not swelling | alaköbmey tursalaif they keep on not swelling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköbe tura esemif I am in the middle of swelling | senköbe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of swelling | olköbe tura eseif he is in the middle of swelling | bizköbe tura esekif we are in the middle of swelling | sizköbe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of swelling | alaköbe tura eseleif they are in the middle of swelling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menköbmey tura esemif I keep on not swelling | senköbmey tura eseŋif you keep on not swelling | olköbmey tura eseif he keeps on not swelling | bizköbmey tura esekif we keep on not swelling | sizköbmey tura esegizif you all keep on not swelling | alaköbmey tura eseleif they keep on not swelling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menköbdüm esemif I swelled | senköbdüŋ eseŋif you swelled | olköbdü eseif he swelled | bizköbdük esekif we swelled | sizköbdügüz esegizif you all swelled | alaköbdüle eseleif they swelled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menköbmedim esemif I didn't swell | senköbmediŋ eseŋif you didn't swell | olköbmedi eseif he didn't swell | bizköbmedik esekif we didn't swell | sizköbmedigiz esegizif you all didn't swell | alaköbmedile eseleif they didn't swell |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menköbgen esemif I did swell (indeed) | senköbgen eseŋif you did swell (indeed) | olköbgen eseif he did swell (indeed) | bizköbgen esekif we did swell (indeed) | sizköbgen esegizif you all did swell (indeed) | alaköbgen eseleif they did swell (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menköbmegen esemif I didn't swell (indeed) | senköbmegen eseŋif you didn't swell (indeed) | olköbmegen eseif he didn't swell (indeed) | bizköbmegen esekif we didn't swell (indeed) | sizköbmegen esegizif you all didn't swell (indeed) | alaköbmegen eseleif they didn't swell (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköbgen bolsamif I had swollen | senköbgen bolsaŋif you had swollen | olköbgen bolsaif he had swollen | bizköbgen bolsaqif we had swollen | sizköbgen bolsağızif you all had swollen | alaköbgen bolsalaif they had swollen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menköbmegen bolsamif I hadn't swollen | senköbmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't swollen | olköbmegen bolsaif he hadn't swollen | bizköbmegen bolsaqif we hadn't swollen | sizköbmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't swollen | alaköbmegen bolsalaif they hadn't swollen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköbgen bolsam ediköbgen bolsam edif only I had swollen | senköbgen bolsaŋ ediköbgen bolsaŋ edif only you had swollen | olköbgen bolsa ediköbgen bolsaedif only he had swollen | bizköbgen bolsaq ediköbgen bolsaq edif only we had swollen | sizköbgen bolsağız ediköbgen bolsağız edif only you all had swollen | alaköbgen bolsala ediköbgen bolsalaedif only they had swollen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menköbmegen bolsam ediköbmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't swollen | senköbmegen bolsaŋ ediköbmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't swollen | olköbmegen bolsa ediköbmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't swollen | bizköbmegen bolsaq ediköbmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't swollen | sizköbmegen bolsağız ediköbmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't swollen | alaköbmegen bolsala ediköbmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't swollen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menköber esemif I will swell | senköber eseŋif you will swell | olköber eseif he will swell | bizköber esekif we will swell | sizköber esegizif you all will swell | alaköber eseleif they will swell |
| Conditional, aorist | menköbmez esemif I won't swell | senköbmez eseŋif you won't swell | olköbmez eseif he won't swell | bizköbmez esekif we won't swell | sizköbmez esegizif you all won't swell | alaköbmez eseleif they won't swell |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menköberik esemif I am going to swell | senköberik eseŋif you are going to swell | olköberik eseif he is going to swell | bizköberik esekif we are going to swell | sizköberik esegizif you all are going to swell | alaköberik eseleif they are going to swell |
| Conditional, future | menköberik tül esemif I am not going to swell | senköberik tül eseŋif you are not going to swell | olköberik tül eseif he is not going to swell | bizköberik tül esekif we are not going to swell | sizköberik tül esegizif you all are not going to swell | alaköberik tül eseleif they are not going to swell |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköberik bolsamif I were going to swell | senköberik bolsaŋif you were going to swell | olköberik bolsaif he were going to swell | bizköberik bolsaqif we were going to swell | sizköberik bolsağızif you all were going to swell | alaköberik bolsalaif they were going to swell |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menköbmezlik bolsamif I were not going to swell | senköbmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to swell | olköbmezlik bolsaif he were not going to swell | bizköbmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to swell | sizköbmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to swell | alaköbmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to swell |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso köbdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköbe bolurmaI must be swelling | senköbe bolursayou must be swelling | olköbe bolurhe must be swelling | bizköbe bolurbuzwe must be swelling | sizköbe bolursuzyou all must be swelling | alaköbe bolurlathey must be swelling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menköbmey bolurmaI must not be swelling | senköbmey bolursayou must not be swelling | olköbmey bolurhe must not be swelling | bizköbmey bolurbuzwe must not be swelling | sizköbmey bolursuzyou all must not be swelling | alaköbmey bolurlathey must not be swelling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköbe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of swelling | senköbe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of swelling | olköbe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of swelling | bizköbe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of swelling | sizköbe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of swelling | alaköbe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of swelling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menköbmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not swelling | senköbmey tura bolursayou must keep on not swelling | olköbmey tura bolurhe must keep on not swelling | bizköbmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not swelling | sizköbmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not swelling | alaköbmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not swelling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menköbgen bolurmaI must have swollen | senköbgen bolursayou must have swollen | olköbgen bolurhe must have swollen | bizköbgen bolurbuzwe must have swollen | sizköbgen bolursuzyou all must have swollen | alaköbgen bolurlathey must have swollen |
| Inference (must have) | menköbmegen bolurmaI must not have swollen | senköbmegen bolursayou must not have swollen | olköbmegen bolurhe must not have swollen | bizköbmegen bolurbuzwe must not have swollen | sizköbmegen bolursuzyou all must not have swollen | alaköbmegen bolurlathey must not have swollen |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköberik bolurmaI must be going to swell | senköberik bolursayou must be going to swell | olköberik bolurhe must be going to swell | bizköberik bolurbuzwe must be going to swell | sizköberik bolursuzyou all must be going to swell | alaköberik bolurlathey must be going to swell |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menköbmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to swell | senköbmezlik bolursayou must not be going to swell | olköbmezlik bolurhe must not be going to swell | bizköbmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to swell | sizköbmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to swell | alaköbmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to swell |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menköbeyimlet me swell | senköb!swell! | olköbsünlet him swell | bizköbeyiklet's swell | sizköbügüz!swell, you all! | alaköbsünlelet them swell |
| Commands & suggestions | menköbmeyimlet me not swell | senköbme!don't swell! | olköbmesinlet him not swell | bizköbmeyiklet's not swell | sizköbmegiz!don't swell, you all! | alaköbmesinlelet them not swell |
| Commands & suggestions | menköbeyimmi?shall I swell? | olköbsünmü?should he swell? | bizköbeyikmi?shall we swell? | alaköbsünlemi?should they swell? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menköbmeyimmi?shall I not swell? | olköbmesinmi?should he not swell? | bizköbmeyikmi?shall we not swell? | alaköbmesinlemi?should they not swell? | ||
| Requests | senköbçü2köbçünplease swell | olköbsünçüdo let him swell | sizköbçügüzplease swell (plural/polite) | alaköbsünleçido let them swell | ||
| Requests | senköbmeçi2köbmeçinplease don't swell | olköbmesinçido let him not swell | sizköbmeçigizplease don't swell (plural/polite) | alaköbmesinleçido let them not swell | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköbgünköbgümay you swell | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senköbmeginköbmegimay you not swell | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköbgey edim köbge edimwould that I swelled | senköbgey ediŋ köbge ediŋwould that you swelled | olköbgey edi köbge ediwould that he swelled | bizköbgey edik köbge edikwould that we swelled | sizköbgey edigiz köbge edigizwould that you all swelled | alaköbgey edile köbge edilewould that they swelled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menköbmegey edim köbmege edimwould that I did not swell | senköbmegey ediŋ köbmege ediŋwould that you did not swell | olköbmegey edi köbmege ediwould that he did not swell | bizköbmegey edik köbmege edikwould that we did not swell | sizköbmegey edigiz köbmege edigizwould that you all did not swell | alaköbmegey edile köbmege edilewould that they did not swell |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköbmege qoyayımköbme qoyayımlet me allow someone to swell | senköbmege qoy!köbme qoy!let someone swell! | olköbmege qoysunköbme qoysunlet him allow someone to swell | bizköbmege qoyayıqköbme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to swell | sizköbmege qoyuğuz!köbme qoyuğuz!let someone swell, you all! | alaköbmege qoysunlaköbme qoysunlalet them allow someone to swell |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköbmege qoymayımköbme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to swell | senköbmege qoyma!köbme qoyma!don't let someone swell! | olköbmege qoymasınköbme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to swell | bizköbmege qoymayıqköbme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to swell | sizköbmege qoymağız!köbme qoymağız!don't let someone swell, you all! | alaköbmege qoymasınlaköbme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to swell |
| Let someone… (commands) | menköbmege qoyayımmı?köbme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoysunmu?köbme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoyayıqmı?köbme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoysunlamı?köbme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to swell? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menköbmege qoymayımmı?köbme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoymasınmı?köbme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoymayıqmı?köbme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoymasınlamı?köbme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to swell? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menköbmege qoyamaköbme qoyamaI allow someone to swell | senköbmege qoyasaköbme qoyasayou allow someone to swell | olköbmege qoyadıköbme qoyadıhe allows someone to swell | bizköbmege qoyabızköbme qoyabızwe allow someone to swell | sizköbmege qoyasızköbme qoyasızyou all allow someone to swell | alaköbmege qoyadılaköbme qoyadılathey allow someone to swell |
| Let someone… (present) | menköbmege qoymaymaköbme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to swell | senköbmege qoymaysaköbme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to swell | olköbmege qoymaydıköbme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to swell | bizköbmege qoymaybızköbme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to swell | sizköbmege qoymaysızköbme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to swell | alaköbmege qoymaydılaköbme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to swell |
| Let someone… (present) | menköbmege qoyamamı?köbme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to swell? | senköbmege qoyamısa?köbme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoyamıdı?köbme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoyabızmı?köbme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to swell? | sizköbmege qoyamısız?köbme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoyamıdıla?köbme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to swell? |
| Let someone… (present) | menköbmege qoymaymamı?köbme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to swell? | senköbmege qoymaymısa?köbme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoymaymıdı?köbme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoymaybızmı?köbme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to swell? | sizköbmege qoymaymısız?köbme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoymaymıdıla?köbme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to swell? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköbmege qoydumköbme qoydumI allowed someone to swell | senköbmege qoyduŋköbme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to swell | olköbmege qoyduköbme qoyduhe allowed someone to swell | bizköbmege qoyduqköbme qoyduqwe allowed someone to swell | sizköbmege qoyduğuzköbme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to swell | alaköbmege qoydulaköbme qoydulathey allowed someone to swell |
| Let someone… (past) | menköbmege qoymadımköbme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to swell | senköbmege qoymadıŋköbme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to swell | olköbmege qoymadıköbme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to swell | bizköbmege qoymadıqköbme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to swell | sizköbmege qoymadığızköbme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to swell | alaköbmege qoymadılaköbme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to swell |
| Let someone… (past) | menköbmege qoydummu?köbme qoydummu?did I allow someone to swell? | senköbmege qoyduŋmu?köbme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoydumu?köbme qoydumu?did he allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoyduqmu?köbme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to swell? | sizköbmege qoyduğuzmu?köbme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoydulamı?köbme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to swell? |
| Let someone… (past) | menköbmege qoymadımmı?köbme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to swell? | senköbmege qoymadıŋmı?köbme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to swell? | olköbmege qoymadımı?köbme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to swell? | bizköbmege qoymadıqmı?köbme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to swell? | sizköbmege qoymadığızmı?köbme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to swell? | alaköbmege qoymadılamı?köbme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to swell? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
köbalırğa be able to swell · köbalmazğa be unable to swell
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menköbalamaI can swell | senköbalasayou can swell | olköbaladıhe can swell | bizköbalabızwe can swell | sizköbalasızyou all can swell | alaköbaladılathey can swell |
| Ability — present | menköbalmaymaI can't swell | senköbalmaysayou can't swell | olköbalmaydıhe can't swell | bizköbalmaybızwe can't swell | sizköbalmaysızyou all can't swell | alaköbalmaydılathey can't swell |
| Ability — present | menköbalamamı? köbalamıma?can I swell? | senköbalamısa?can you swell? | olköbalamıdı?can he swell? | bizköbalabızmı? köbalamıbız?can we swell? | sizköbalamısız?can you all swell? | alaköbalamıdıla?can they swell? |
| Ability — present | menköbalmaymamı? köbalmaymıma?can't I swell? | senköbalmaymısa?can't you swell? | olköbalmaymıdı?can't he swell? | bizköbalmaybızmı? köbalmaymıbız?can't we swell? | sizköbalmaymısız?can't you all swell? | alaköbalmaymıdıla?can't they swell? |
| Ability — if I can… | menköbalsamif I can swell | senköbalsaŋif you can swell | olköbalsaif he can swell | bizköbalsaqif we can swell | sizköbalsağızif you all can swell | alaköbalsalaif they can swell |
| Ability — if I can… | menköbalmasamif I can't swell | senköbalmasaŋif you can't swell | olköbalmasaif he can't swell | bizköbalmasaqif we can't swell | sizköbalmasağızif you all can't swell | alaköbalmasalaif they can't swell |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menköbaldımI was able to swell | senköbaldıŋyou were able to swell | olköbaldıhe was able to swell | bizköbaldıqwe were able to swell | sizköbaldığızyou all were able to swell | alaköbaldılathey were able to swell |
| Ability — simple past | menköbalmadımI could not swell | senköbalmadıŋyou could not swell | olköbalmadıhe could not swell | bizköbalmadıqwe could not swell | sizköbalmadığızyou all could not swell | alaköbalmadılathey could not swell |
| Ability — simple past | menköbaldımmı?was I able to swell? | senköbaldıŋmı?were you able to swell? | olköbaldımı?was he able to swell? | bizköbaldıqmı?were we able to swell? | sizköbaldığızmı?were you all able to swell? | alaköbaldılamı?were they able to swell? |
| Ability — simple past | menköbalmadımmı?couldn't I swell? | senköbalmadıŋmı?couldn't you swell? | olköbalmadımı?couldn't he swell? | bizköbalmadıqmı?couldn't we swell? | sizköbalmadığızmı?couldn't you all swell? | alaköbalmadılamı?couldn't they swell? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköbalğanmaI have been able to swell | senköbalğansayou have been able to swell | olköbalğandıhe has been able to swell | bizköbalğanbızwe have been able to swell | sizköbalğansızyou all have been able to swell | alaköbalğandılathey have been able to swell |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköbalmağanmaI haven't been able to swell | senköbalmağansayou haven't been able to swell | olköbalmağandıhe hasn't been able to swell | bizköbalmağanbızwe haven't been able to swell | sizköbalmağansızyou all haven't been able to swell | alaköbalmağandılathey haven't been able to swell |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköbalğanmamı? köbalğanmıma?have I been able to swell? | senköbalğanmısa?have you been able to swell? | olköbalğanmıdı?has he been able to swell? | bizköbalğanbızmı? köbalğanmıbız?have we been able to swell? | sizköbalğanmısız?have you all been able to swell? | alaköbalğanmıdıla?have they been able to swell? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menköbalmağanmamı? köbalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to swell? | senköbalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to swell? | olköbalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to swell? | bizköbalmağanbızmı? köbalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to swell? | sizköbalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to swell? | alaköbalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to swell? |
| Ability — past perfect | menköbalğan edimköbalğanemI had been able to swell | senköbalğan ediŋköbalğaneŋyou had been able to swell | olköbalğan ediköbalğanedhe had been able to swell | bizköbalğan edikköbalğanekwe had been able to swell | sizköbalğan edigizköbalğanegizyou all had been able to swell | alaköbalğan edileköbalğanellethey had been able to swell |
| Ability — past perfect | menköbalmağan edimköbalmağanemI hadn't been able to swell | senköbalmağan ediŋköbalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to swell | olköbalmağan ediköbalmağanedhe hadn't been able to swell | bizköbalmağan edikköbalmağanekwe hadn't been able to swell | sizköbalmağan edigizköbalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to swell | alaköbalmağan edileköbalmağanellethey hadn't been able to swell |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menköbala edimköbalaemI could swell | senköbala ediŋköbalaeŋyou could swell | olköbala ediköbalaedhe could swell | bizköbala edikköbalaekwe could swell | sizköbala edigizköbalaegizyou all could swell | alaköbala edileköbalaellethey could swell |
| Ability — past background | menköbalmay edimköbalmayemI could not swell | senköbalmay ediŋköbalmayeŋyou could not swell | olköbalmay ediköbalmayedhe could not swell | bizköbalmay edikköbalmayekwe could not swell | sizköbalmay edigizköbalmayegizyou all could not swell | alaköbalmay edileköbalmayellethey could not swell |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menköbalırmaI will be able to swell | senköbalırsayou will be able to swell | olköbalırhe will be able to swell | bizköbalırbızwe will be able to swell | sizköbalırsızyou all will be able to swell | alaköbalırlathey will be able to swell |
| Ability — future I | menköbalmazmaI won't be able to swell | senköbalmazsayou won't be able to swell | olköbalmazhe won't be able to swell | bizköbalmazbızwe won't be able to swell | sizköbalmazsızyou all won't be able to swell | alaköbalmazlathey won't be able to swell |
| Ability — future I | menköbalırmamı? köbalırmıma?will I be able to swell? | senköbalırmısa?will you be able to swell? | olköbalırmı?will he be able to swell? | bizköbalırbızmı? köbalırmıbız?will we be able to swell? | sizköbalırmısız?will you all be able to swell? | alaköbalırlamı? köbalırmıla?will they be able to swell? |
| Ability — future I | menköbalmazmamı? köbalmazmıma?won't I be able to swell? | senköbalmazmısa?won't you be able to swell? | olköbalmazmı?won't he be able to swell? | bizköbalmazbızmı? köbalmazmıbız?won't we be able to swell? | sizköbalmazmısız?won't you all be able to swell? | alaköbalmazlamı? köbalmazmıla?won't they be able to swell? |
| Ability — future II | menköballıqmaI am going to be able to swell | senköballıqsayou are going to be able to swell | olköballıqdıhe is going to be able to swell | bizköballıqbızwe are going to be able to swell | sizköballıqsızyou all are going to be able to swell | alaköballıqdılathey are going to be able to swell |
| Ability — future II | menköballıq tülmeI am not going to be able to swell | senköballıq tülseyou are not going to be able to swell | olköballıq tüldühe is not going to be able to swell | bizköballıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to swell | sizköballıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to swell | alaköballıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to swell |
| Ability — future II | menköballıqmamı? köballıqmıma?am I going to be able to swell? | senköballıqmısa?are you going to be able to swell? | olköballıqmıdı?is he going to be able to swell? | bizköballıqbızmı? köballıqmıbız?are we going to be able to swell? | sizköballıqmısız?are you all going to be able to swell? | alaköballıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to swell? |
| Ability — future II | menköballıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to swell? | senköballıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to swell? | olköballıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to swell? | bizköballıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to swell? | sizköballıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to swell? | alaköballıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to swell? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköbalır edimköbalır emI would be able to swell | senköbalır ediŋköbalır eŋyou would be able to swell | olköbalır ediköbalır edhe would be able to swell | bizköbalır edikköbalır ekwe would be able to swell | sizköbalır edigizköbalır egizyou all would be able to swell | alaköbalır edileköbalır ellethey would be able to swell |
| Ability — would be able to… | menköbalmaz edimköbalmaz emI wouldn't be able to swell | senköbalmaz ediŋköbalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to swell | olköbalmaz ediköbalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to swell | bizköbalmaz edikköbalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to swell | sizköbalmaz edigizköbalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to swell | alaköbalmaz edileköbalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to swell |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköbalğınköbalğımay you be able to swell | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senköbalmağınköbalmağımay you not be able to swell | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menköberge izleymeI want to swell | senköberge izleyseyou want to swell | olköberge izleydihe wants to swell | bizköberge izleybizwe want to swell | sizköberge izleysizyou all want to swell | alaköberge izleydilethey want to swell |
| want to | menköberge izlemeymeI do not want to swell | senköberge izlemeyseyou do not want to swell | olköberge izlemeydihe does not want to swell | bizköberge izlemeybizwe do not want to swell | sizköberge izlemeysizyou all do not want to swell | alaköberge izlemeydilethey do not want to swell |
| would like to | menköberge süemeI would like to swell | senköberge süeseyou would like to swell | olköberge süedihe would like to swell | bizköberge süebizwe would like to swell | sizköberge süesizyou all would like to swell | alaköberge süedilethey would like to swell |
| would like to | menköberge süymeymeI would not like to swell | senköberge süymeyseyou would not like to swell | olköberge süymeydihe would not like to swell | bizköberge süymeybizwe would not like to swell | sizköberge süymeysizyou all would not like to swell | alaköberge süymeydilethey would not like to swell |
| hope to | menköberge umutlanamaI hope to swell | senköberge umutlanasayou hope to swell | olköberge umutlanadıhe hopes to swell | bizköberge umutlanabızwe hope to swell | sizköberge umutlanasızyou all hope to swell | alaköberge umutlanadılathey hope to swell |
| hope to | menköberge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to swell | senköberge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to swell | olköberge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to swell | bizköberge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to swell | sizköberge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to swell | alaköberge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to swell |
| be about to | menköberge deb turamaI am about to swell | senköberge deb turasayou are about to swell | olköberge deb turadıhe is about to swell | bizköberge deb turabızwe are about to swell | sizköberge deb turasızyou all are about to swell | alaköberge deb turadılathey are about to swell |
| be about to | menköberge deb turmaymaI am not about to swell | senköberge deb turmaysayou are not about to swell | olköberge deb turmaydıhe is not about to swell | bizköberge deb turmaybızwe are not about to swell | sizköberge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to swell | alaköberge deb turmaydılathey are not about to swell |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menköberge kerekmeI need to swell | senköberge kerekseyou need to swell | olköberge kerekdihe needs to swell | bizköberge kerekbizwe need to swell | sizköberge kereksizyou all need to swell | alaköberge kerekdilethey need to swell |
| need to | menköberge kerek tülmeI do not need to swell | senköberge kerek tülseyou do not need to swell | olköberge kerek tüldühe does not need to swell | bizköberge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to swell | sizköberge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to swell | alaköberge kerek tüldülethey do not need to swell |
| have to | menmenŋe köberge tüşediI have to swell | sensenŋe köberge tüşediyou have to swell | olaŋa köberge tüşedihe has to swell | bizbizge köberge tüşediwe have to swell | sizsizge köberge tüşediyou all have to swell | alaalağa köberge tüşedithey have to swell |
| have to | menmenŋe köberge tüşmeydiI do not have to swell | sensenŋe köberge tüşmeydiyou do not have to swell | olaŋa köberge tüşmeydihe does not have to swell | bizbizge köberge tüşmeydiwe do not have to swell | sizsizge köberge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to swell | alaalağa köberge tüşmeydithey do not have to swell |
| be obliged to | menköberge borçlumaI am obliged to swell | senköberge borçlusayou are obliged to swell | olköberge borçluduhe is obliged to swell | bizköberge borçlubuzwe are obliged to swell | sizköberge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to swell | alaköberge borçludulathey are obliged to swell |
| be obliged to | menköberge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to swell | senköberge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to swell | olköberge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to swell | bizköberge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to swell | sizköberge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to swell | alaköberge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to swell |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menköberge madarım bardıI have a way to swell | senköberge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to swell | olköberge madarı bardıhe has a way to swell | bizköberge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to swell | sizköberge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to swell | alaköberge madarları bardıthey have a way to swell |
| have a way to | menköberge madarım joqduI have no way to swell | senköberge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to swell | olköberge madarı joqduhe has no way to swell | bizköberge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to swell | sizköberge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to swell | alaköberge madarları joqduthey have no way to swell |
| be free to | menköberge erkinligim bardıI am free to swell | senköberge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to swell | olköberge erkinligi bardıhe is free to swell | bizköberge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to swell | sizköberge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to swell | alaköberge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to swell |
| be free to | menköberge erkinligim joqduI am not free to swell | senköberge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to swell | olköberge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to swell | bizköberge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to swell | sizköberge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to swell | alaköberge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to swell |
| be possible to | menmenŋe köberge bolluqduit is possible for me to swell | sensenŋe köberge bolluqduit is possible for you to swell | olaŋa köberge bolluqduit is possible for him to swell | bizbizge köberge bolluqduit is possible for us to swell | sizsizge köberge bolluqduit is possible for you all to swell | alaalağa köberge bolluqduit is possible for them to swell |
| be possible to | menmenŋe köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to swell | sensenŋe köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to swell | olaŋa köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to swell | bizbizge köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to swell | sizsizge köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to swell | alaalağa köberge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to swell |
| be ready to | menköberge hazırmaI am ready to swell | senköberge hazırsayou are ready to swell | olköberge hazırdıhe is ready to swell | bizköberge hazırbızwe are ready to swell | sizköberge hazırsızyou all are ready to swell | alaköberge hazırdılathey are ready to swell |
| be ready to | menköberge hazır tülmeI am not ready to swell | senköberge hazır tülseyou are not ready to swell | olköberge hazır tüldühe is not ready to swell | bizköberge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to swell | sizköberge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to swell | alaköberge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to swell |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menköberge küreşemeI am trying to swell | senköberge küreşeseyou are trying to swell | olköberge küreşedihe is trying to swell | bizköberge küreşebizwe are trying to swell | sizköberge küreşesizyou all are trying to swell | alaköberge küreşedilethey are trying to swell |
| try to | menköberge küreşmeymeI am not trying to swell | senköberge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to swell | olköberge küreşmeydihe is not trying to swell | bizköberge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to swell | sizköberge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to swell | alaköberge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to swell |
| agree to | menköberge unaymaI agree to swell | senköberge unaysayou agree to swell | olköberge unaydıhe agrees to swell | bizköberge unaybızwe agree to swell | sizköberge unaysızyou all agree to swell | alaköberge unaydılathey agree to swell |
| agree to | menköberge unamaymaI refuse to swell | senköberge unamaysayou refuse to swell | olköberge unamaydıhe refuses to swell | bizköberge unamaybızwe refuse to swell | sizköberge unamaysızyou all refuse to swell | alaköberge unamaydılathey refuse to swell |
| hurry to | menköberge aşığamaI am in a hurry to swell | senköberge aşığasayou are in a hurry to swell | olköberge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to swell | bizköberge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to swell | sizköberge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to swell | alaköberge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to swell |
| hurry to | menköberge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to swell | senköberge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to swell | olköberge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to swell | bizköberge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to swell | sizköberge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to swell | alaköberge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to swell |
| be afraid to | menköberge qorqamaI am afraid to swell | senköberge qorqasayou are afraid to swell | olköberge qorqadıhe is afraid to swell | bizköberge qorqabızwe are afraid to swell | sizköberge qorqasızyou all are afraid to swell | alaköberge qorqadılathey are afraid to swell |
| be afraid to | menköberge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to swell | senköberge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to swell | olköberge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to swell | bizköberge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to swell | sizköberge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to swell | alaköberge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to swell |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menköbe bolmazmaI can't be swelling | senköbe bolmazsayou can't be swelling | olköbe bolmazhe can't be swelling | bizköbe bolmazbızwe can't be swelling | sizköbe bolmazsızyou all can't be swelling | alaköbe bolmazlathey can't be swelling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menköbmey bolmazmaI must be swelling (emphatic) | senköbmey bolmazsayou must be swelling (emphatic) | olköbmey bolmazhe must be swelling (emphatic) | bizköbmey bolmazbızwe must be swelling (emphatic) | sizköbmey bolmazsızyou all must be swelling (emphatic) | alaköbmey bolmazlathey must be swelling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menköbe turmasamif I don't keep swelling | senköbe turmasaŋif you don't keep swelling | olköbe turmasaif he doesn't keep swelling | bizköbe turmasaqif we don't keep swelling | sizköbe turmasağızif you all don't keep swelling | alaköbe turmasalaif they don't keep swelling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menköbe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of swelling | senköbe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of swelling | olköbe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of swelling | bizköbe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of swelling | sizköbe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of swelling | alaköbe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of swelling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menköbmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not swelling (emphatic) | senköbmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not swelling (emphatic) | olköbmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not swelling (emphatic) | bizköbmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not swelling (emphatic) | sizköbmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not swelling (emphatic) | alaköbmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not swelling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menköbmey turamaI keep on not swelling | senköbmey turasayou keep on not swelling | olköbmey turadıhe keeps on not swelling | bizköbmey turabızwe keep on not swelling | sizköbmey turasızyou all keep on not swelling | alaköbmey turadılathey keep on not swelling |
| Progressive — double negation | menköbmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not swelling | senköbmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not swelling | olköbmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not swelling | bizköbmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not swelling | sizköbmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not swelling | alaköbmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not swelling |
| Progressive — double negation | menköbmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not swelling? | senköbmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not swelling? | olköbmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not swelling? | bizköbmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not swelling? | sizköbmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not swelling? | alaköbmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not swelling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menköbgen bolmazmaI can't have swollen | senköbgen bolmazsayou can't have swollen | olköbgen bolmazhe can't have swollen | bizköbgen bolmazbızwe can't have swollen | sizköbgen bolmazsızyou all can't have swollen | alaköbgen bolmazlathey can't have swollen |
| Inference — double negation | menköbmegen bolmazmaI must have swollen (emphatic) | senköbmegen bolmazsayou must have swollen (emphatic) | olköbmegen bolmazhe must have swollen (emphatic) | bizköbmegen bolmazbızwe must have swollen (emphatic) | sizköbmegen bolmazsızyou all must have swollen (emphatic) | alaköbmegen bolmazlathey must have swollen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menköbgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had swollen | senköbgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had swollen | olköbgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had swollen | bizköbgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had swollen | sizköbgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had swollen | alaköbgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had swollen |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menköbmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't swollen | senköbmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't swollen | olköbmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't swollen | bizköbmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't swollen | sizköbmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't swollen | alaköbmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't swollen |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menköberik bolmazmaI can't be going to swell | senköberik bolmazsayou can't be going to swell | olköberik bolmazhe can't be going to swell | bizköberik bolmazbızwe can't be going to swell | sizköberik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to swell | alaköberik bolmazlathey can't be going to swell |
| Inference, future — double negation | menköbmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to swell (emphatic) | senköbmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to swell (emphatic) | olköbmezlik bolmazhe must be going to swell (emphatic) | bizköbmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to swell (emphatic) | sizköbmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to swell (emphatic) | alaköbmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to swell (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menköberik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to swell | senköberik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to swell | olköberik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to swell | bizköberik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to swell | sizköberik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to swell | alaköberik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to swell |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menköbmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to swell | senköbmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to swell | olköbmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to swell | bizköbmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to swell | sizköbmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to swell | alaköbmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to swell |