erlik
/erlik/
Definitions
1. courage, bravery, valour
- erlik körgüzürge — to show courage
- erlik kiçiden çığar — valour comes from the youngest
- erligi bla belgili boldu — he became known for his courage
2. maleness, the male sex — Also the first half of the pair эрлик-тишилик, which the sources gloss as the biological distinction of sexes.
- er erlik eterge kerekdi — a man must be a man
- erlik belgisi — a mark of maleness
- malnı erligin bilirge — to determine an animal's sex
- erlik belgileri körüne başladıla — signs of maleness began to show
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or .Cases
| Singular | Plural | When to use it | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | erlikthe courage | erliklethe courages | the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence |
| genitive | erliknithe courage's | erliklenithe courages' | the owner — whose it is |
| accusative | erliknithe courage (as the object) | erliklenithe courages (as the object) | a specific, known object — whom or what |
| dative | erlikgeto the courage | erliklegeto the courages | direction or recipient — to where, to whom |
| locative | erlikdeat / in the courage | erlikledeat / in the courages | where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it" |
| ablative | erlikdenfrom the courage | erlikledenfrom the courages | where it comes from; also "than" when comparing |
When to use each case
- nominative
- the plain dictionary form — the doer of the sentence
- genitive
- the owner — whose it is
- accusative
- a specific, known object — whom or what
- dative
- direction or recipient — to where, to whom
- locative
- where it is; also having — mende bar, "I have it"
- ablative
- where it comes from; also "than" when comparing
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.
With an owner
| One owned | Several owned | |
|---|---|---|
| my | erligimmy courage | erliklerimmy courages |
| your | erligingyour courage | erlikleringyour courages |
| his / her | erligihis / her courage | erliklerihis / her courages |
| our | erligibizour courage | erlikleribizour courages |
| you all's | erligigizyou all's courage | erliklerigizyou all's courages |
| their | erlikleritheir courage | erlikleritheir courages |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: erlikleri can mean "his / her courages", "their courage", or "their courages" — context decides.