eşitirge
/eʃitirɡe/
1. hear
- sen meni eşitese — you hear me
- igi eşitemise? — do you hear well?
- qart igi eşitmeydi — the old man does not hear well
- anı bir qulağı eşitmeydi — one of his ears does not hear
- qartnı qulaqları igi eşitedile — the old man's ears hear well
- Bekbolat orayda tawuşla eşitdi — Bekbolat heard sounds up there
- eşitmedim deme — don't say you didn't hear
2. listen, give ear
- anı haparın eşitemise? — are you listening to his story?
- anı bir eşiteyik — let's just listen to him
- anı aythanın eşitmeydi — he does not listen to what that person says
- eşitçi anı aythanın — just listen to what he says
3. hear about, hear of, learn of something
- men bir hapar eşitdim — I heard a piece of news
4. sense, feel, perceive — Used of smells and bodily sensations. one source
- et iyis eşiteme — I catch the smell of meat
- bir iyis eşitemise? — do you smell something?
- suwuqnu eşiteme — I feel the cold
- awruw eşitdim — I felt a pain
Expressions
- eşitmegenme deme — consider yourself warned
- sen aytdıŋ, men eşitdim — first I've heard
- bir biri sözün eşitmezge — talk over each other; heed no one
- eşitmegenin eşitdirirge — scold severely
Conjugation
Common forms
- eşitedihe hears
- eşitdihe heard
- eşitgendihe has heard
- eşitirhe will hear
- eşitirikdihe is going to hear
- eşite edihe used to hear
- eşitseif he hears
- eşit!hear!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitemeI hear | seneşiteseyou hear | oleşitedihe hears | bizeşitebizwe hear | sizeşitesizyou all hear | alaeşitedilethey hear |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitmeymeI don't hear | seneşitmeyseyou don't hear | oleşitmeydihe doesn't hear | bizeşitmeybizwe don't hear | sizeşitmeysizyou all don't hear | alaeşitmeydilethey don't hear |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitememi? eşitemime?do I hear? | seneşitemise?do you hear? | oleşitemidi?does he hear? | bizeşitebizmi? eşitemibiz?do we hear? | sizeşitemisiz?do you all hear? | alaeşitemidile?do they hear? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitmeymemi? eşitmeymime?don't I hear? | seneşitmeymise?don't you hear? | oleşitmeymidi?doesn't he hear? | bizeşitmeybizmi? eşitmeymibiz?don't we hear? | sizeşitmeymisiz?don't you all hear? | alaeşitmeymidile?don't they hear? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitiwçenmeI usually hear | seneşitiwçenseyou usually hear | oleşitiwçendihe usually hears | bizeşitiwçenbizwe usually hear | sizeşitiwçensizyou all usually hear | alaeşitiwçendilethey usually hear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitmewçenmeI usually don't hear | seneşitmewçenseyou usually don't hear | oleşitmewçendihe usually doesn't hear | bizeşitmewçenbizwe usually don't hear | sizeşitmewçensizyou all usually don't hear | alaeşitmewçendilethey usually don't hear |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitiwçenmemi? eşitiwçenmime?do I usually hear? | seneşitiwçenmise?do you usually hear? | oleşitiwçenmidi?does he usually hear? | bizeşitiwçenbizmi? eşitiwçenmibiz?do we usually hear? | sizeşitiwçenmisiz?do you all usually hear? | alaeşitiwçenmidile?do they usually hear? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitmewçenmemi? eşitmewçenmime?do I usually not hear? | seneşitmewçenmise?do you usually not hear? | oleşitmewçenmidi?does he usually not hear? | bizeşitmewçenbizmi? eşitmewçenmibiz?do we usually not hear? | sizeşitmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not hear? | alaeşitmewçenmidile?do they usually not hear? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşitibdihe has heard and remains so | alaeşitibdilethey have heard and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşitibmidi?has he heard? | alaeşitibmidile?have they heard? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitib turamaI have heard all along | seneşitib turasayou have heard all along | oleşitib turadıhe has heard all along | bizeşitib turabızwe have heard all along | sizeşitib turasızyou all have heard all along | alaeşitib turadılathey have heard all along |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitib turmaymaI haven't heard all along | seneşitib turmaysayou haven't heard all along | oleşitib turmaydıhe hasn't heard all along | bizeşitib turmaybızwe haven't heard all along | sizeşitib turmaysızyou all haven't heard all along | alaeşitib turmaydılathey haven't heard all along |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitib turamamı? eşitib turamıma?have I heard all along? | seneşitib turamısa?have you heard all along? | oleşitib turamıdı?has he heard all along? | bizeşitib turabızmı? eşitib turamıbız?have we heard all along? | sizeşitib turamısız?have you all heard all along? | alaeşitib turamıdıla?have they heard all along? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitib turmaymamı? eşitib turmaymıma?haven't I heard all along? | seneşitib turmaymısa?haven't you heard all along? | oleşitib turmaymıdı?hasn't he heard all along? | bizeşitib turmaybızmı? eşitib turmaymıbız?haven't we heard all along? | sizeşitib turmaymısız?haven't you all heard all along? | alaeşitib turmaymıdıla?haven't they heard all along? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşite turamaI still hear | seneşite turasayou still hear | oleşite turadıhe still hears | bizeşite turabızwe still hear | sizeşite turasızyou all still hear | alaeşite turadılathey still hear |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşite turmaymaI no longer hear | seneşite turmaysayou no longer hear | oleşite turmaydıhe no longer hears | bizeşite turmaybızwe no longer hear | sizeşite turmaysızyou all no longer hear | alaeşite turmaydılathey no longer hear |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşite turamamı? eşite turamıma?do I still hear? | seneşite turamısa?do you still hear? | oleşite turamıdı?does he still hear? | bizeşite turabızmı? eşite turamıbız?do we still hear? | sizeşite turamısız?do you all still hear? | alaeşite turamıdıla?do they still hear? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşite turmaymamı? eşite turmaymıma?don't I still hear? | seneşite turmaymısa?don't you still hear? | oleşite turmaymıdı?doesn't he still hear? | bizeşite turmaybızmı? eşite turmaymıbız?don't we still hear? | sizeşite turmaymısız?don't you all still hear? | alaeşite turmaymıdıla?don't they still hear? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitdimI heard | seneşitdiŋyou heard | oleşitdihe heard | bizeşitdikwe heard | sizeşitdigizyou all heard | alaeşitdilethey heard |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitmedimI didn't hear | seneşitmediŋyou didn't hear | oleşitmedihe didn't hear | bizeşitmedikwe didn't hear | sizeşitmedigizyou all didn't hear | alaeşitmedilethey didn't hear |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitdimmi?did I hear? | seneşitdiŋmi?did you hear? | oleşitdimi?did he hear? | bizeşitdikmi?did we hear? | sizeşitdigizmi?did you all hear? | alaeşitdilemi?did they hear? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitmedimmi?didn't I hear? | seneşitmediŋmi?didn't you hear? | oleşitmedimi?didn't he hear? | bizeşitmedikmi?didn't we hear? | sizeşitmedigizmi?didn't you all hear? | alaeşitmedilemi?didn't they hear? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitgenmeI have heard | seneşitgenseyou have heard | oleşitgendihe has heard | bizeşitgenbizwe have heard | sizeşitgensizyou all have heard | alaeşitgendilethey have heard |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitmegenmeI haven't heard | seneşitmegenseyou haven't heard | oleşitmegendihe hasn't heard | bizeşitmegenbizwe haven't heard | sizeşitmegensizyou all haven't heard | alaeşitmegendilethey haven't heard |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitgenmemi? eşitgenmime?have I heard? | seneşitgenmise?have you heard? | oleşitgenmidi?has he heard? | bizeşitgenbizmi? eşitgenmibiz?have we heard? | sizeşitgenmisiz?have you all heard? | alaeşitgenmidile?have they heard? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitmegenmemi? eşitmegenmime?haven't I heard? | seneşitmegenmise?haven't you heard? | oleşitmegenmidi?hasn't he heard? | bizeşitmegenbizmi? eşitmegenmibiz?haven't we heard? | sizeşitmegenmisiz?haven't you all heard? | alaeşitmegenmidile?haven't they heard? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşitib turdumI heard all along | seneşitib turduŋyou heard all along | oleşitib turduhe heard all along | bizeşitib turduqwe heard all along | sizeşitib turduğuzyou all heard all along | alaeşitib turdulathey heard all along |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşitib turmadımI didn't hear all along | seneşitib turmadıŋyou didn't hear all along | oleşitib turmadıhe didn't hear all along | bizeşitib turmadıqwe didn't hear all along | sizeşitib turmadığızyou all didn't hear all along | alaeşitib turmadılathey didn't hear all along |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitirmeI will hear | seneşitirseyou will hear | oleşitirhe will hear | bizeşitirbizwe will hear | sizeşitirsizyou all will hear | alaeşitirlethey will hear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitmezmeI won't hear | seneşitmezseyou won't hear | oleşitmezhe won't hear | bizeşitmezbizwe won't hear | sizeşitmezsizyou all won't hear | alaeşitmezlethey won't hear |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitirmemi? eşitirmime?will I hear? | seneşitirmise?will you hear? | oleşitirmi?will he hear? | bizeşitirbizmi? eşitirmibiz?will we hear? | sizeşitirmisiz?will you all hear? | alaeşitirlemi? eşitirmile?will they hear? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitmezmemi? eşitmezmime?won't I hear? | seneşitmezmise?won't you hear? | oleşitmezmi?won't he hear? | bizeşitmezbizmi? eşitmezmibiz?won't we hear? | sizeşitmezmisiz?won't you all hear? | alaeşitmezlemi? eşitmezmile?won't they hear? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitirikmeI am going to hear | seneşitirikseyou are going to hear | oleşitirikdihe is going to hear | bizeşitirikbizwe are going to hear | sizeşitiriksizyou all are going to hear | alaeşitirikdilethey are going to hear |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitirik tülmeI am not going to hear | seneşitirik tülseyou are not going to hear | oleşitirik tüldühe is not going to hear | bizeşitirik tülbüzwe are not going to hear | sizeşitirik tülsüzyou all are not going to hear | alaeşitirik tüldülethey are not going to hear |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitirikmemi? eşitirikmime?am I going to hear? | seneşitirikmise?are you going to hear? | oleşitirikmidi?is he going to hear? | bizeşitirikbizmi? eşitirikmibiz?are we going to hear? | sizeşitirikmisiz?are you all going to hear? | alaeşitirikmidile?are they going to hear? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitirik tülmüme?aren't I going to hear? | seneşitirik tülmüse?aren't you going to hear? | oleşitirik tülmüdü?isn't he going to hear? | bizeşitirik tülmübüz?aren't we going to hear? | sizeşitirik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hear? | alaeşitirik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hear? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşitgen edimeşitgenemI had heard | seneşitgen ediŋeşitgeneŋyou had heard | oleşitgen edieşitgenedhe had heard | bizeşitgen edikeşitgenekwe had heard | sizeşitgen edigizeşitgenegizyou all had heard | alaeşitgen edileeşitgenellethey had heard |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşitmegen edimeşitmegenemI hadn't heard | seneşitmegen ediŋeşitmegeneŋyou hadn't heard | oleşitmegen edieşitmegenedhe hadn't heard | bizeşitmegen edikeşitmegenekwe hadn't heard | sizeşitmegen edigizeşitmegenegizyou all hadn't heard | alaeşitmegen edileeşitmegenellethey hadn't heard |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşite edimeşitemI used to hear | seneşite ediŋeşiteŋyou used to hear | oleşite edieşitedhe used to hear | bizeşite edikeşitekwe used to hear | sizeşite edigizeşitegizyou all used to hear | alaeşite edileeşitellethey used to hear |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşitmey edimeşitmeyemI didn't use to hear | seneşitmey ediŋeşitmeyeŋyou didn't use to hear | oleşitmey edieşitmeyedhe didn't use to hear | bizeşitmey edikeşitmeyekwe didn't use to hear | sizeşitmey edigizeşitmeyegizyou all didn't use to hear | alaeşitmey edileeşitmeyellethey didn't use to hear |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşitiwçen edimeşitiwçenemI used to hear | seneşitiwçen ediŋeşitiwçeneŋyou used to hear | oleşitiwçen edieşitiwçenedhe used to hear | bizeşitiwçen edikeşitiwçenekwe used to hear | sizeşitiwçen edigizeşitiwçenegizyou all used to hear | alaeşitiwçen edileeşitiwçenellethey used to hear |
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşitmewçen edimeşitmewçenemI didn't use to hear | seneşitmewçen ediŋeşitmewçeneŋyou didn't use to hear | oleşitmewçen edieşitmewçenedhe didn't use to hear | bizeşitmewçen edikeşitmewçenekwe didn't use to hear | sizeşitmewçen edigizeşitmewçenegizyou all didn't use to hear | alaeşitmewçen edileeşitmewçenellethey didn't use to hear |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşitib edihe had heard and remained so | alaeşitib edilethey had heard and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşitib tül edihe hadn't heard | alaeşitib tül edilethey hadn't heard | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşitib tura edimeşitib turaemI had heard all along | seneşitib tura ediŋeşitib turaeŋyou had heard all along | oleşitib tura edieşitib turaedhe had heard all along | bizeşitib tura edikeşitib turaekwe had heard all along | sizeşitib tura edigizeşitib turaegizyou all had heard all along | alaeşitib tura edileeşitib turaellethey had heard all along |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşitib turmay edimeşitib turmayemI hadn't heard all along | seneşitib turmay ediŋeşitib turmayeŋyou hadn't heard all along | oleşitib turmay edieşitib turmayedhe hadn't heard all along | bizeşitib turmay edikeşitib turmayekwe hadn't heard all along | sizeşitib turmay edigizeşitib turmayegizyou all hadn't heard all along | alaeşitib turmay edileeşitib turmayellethey hadn't heard all along |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşite tura edimeşite turaemI still heard | seneşite tura ediŋeşite turaeŋyou still heard | oleşite tura edieşite turaedhe still heard | bizeşite tura edikeşite turaekwe still heard | sizeşite tura edigizeşite turaegizyou all still heard | alaeşite tura edileeşite turaellethey still heard |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşite turmay edimeşite turmayemI no longer heard | seneşite turmay ediŋeşite turmayeŋyou no longer heard | oleşite turmay edieşite turmayedhe no longer heard | bizeşite turmay edikeşite turmayekwe no longer heard | sizeşite turmay edigizeşite turmayegizyou all no longer heard | alaeşite turmay edileeşite turmayellethey no longer heard |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | meneşitir edimeşitir emI would hear | seneşitir ediŋeşitir eŋyou would hear | oleşitir edieşitir edhe would hear | bizeşitir edikeşitir ekwe would hear | sizeşitir edigizeşitir egizyou all would hear | alaeşitir edileeşitir ellethey would hear |
| Conditional result (would) | meneşitmez edimeşitmez emI wouldn't hear | seneşitmez ediŋeşitmez eŋyou wouldn't hear | oleşitmez edieşitmez edhe wouldn't hear | bizeşitmez edikeşitmez ekwe wouldn't hear | sizeşitmez edigizeşitmez egizyou all wouldn't hear | alaeşitmez edileeşitmez ellethey wouldn't hear |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşitirik edimeşitirik emI would have heard | seneşitirik ediŋeşitirik eŋyou would have heard | oleşitirik edieşitirik edhe would have heard | bizeşitirik edikeşitirik ekwe would have heard | sizeşitirik edigizeşitirik egizyou all would have heard | alaeşitirik edileeşitirik ellethey would have heard |
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşitirik tül edimeşitirik tül emI wouldn't have heard | seneşitirik tül ediŋeşitirik tül eŋyou wouldn't have heard | oleşitirik tül edieşitirik tül edhe wouldn't have heard | bizeşitirik tül edikeşitirik tül ekwe wouldn't have heard | sizeşitirik tül edigizeşitirik tül egizyou all wouldn't have heard | alaeşitirik tül edileeşitirik tül ellethey wouldn't have heard |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | meneşitsemif I hear | seneşitseŋif you hear | oleşitseif he hears | bizeşitsekif we hear | sizeşitsegizif you all hear | alaeşitseleif they hear |
| Conditional | meneşitmesemif I don't hear | seneşitmeseŋif you don't hear | oleşitmeseif he doesn't hear | bizeşitmesekif we don't hear | sizeşitmesegizif you all don't hear | alaeşitmeseleif they don't hear |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | meneşite esemif I hear | seneşite eseŋif you hear | oleşite eseif he hears | bizeşite esekif we hear | sizeşite esegizif you all hear | alaeşite eseleif they hear |
| Conditional, present real | meneşitmey esemif I don't hear | seneşitmey eseŋif you don't hear | oleşitmey eseif he doesn't hear | bizeşitmey esekif we don't hear | sizeşitmey esegizif you all don't hear | alaeşitmey eseleif they don't hear |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşitsem edieşitsem edif only I heard | seneşitseŋ edieşitseŋ edif only you heard | oleşitse edieşitsedif only he heard | bizeşitsek edieşitsek edif only we heard | sizeşitsegiz edieşitsegiz edif only you all heard | alaeşitsele edieşitseledif only they heard |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşitmesem edieşitmesem edif only I didn't hear | seneşitmeseŋ edieşitmeseŋ edif only you didn't hear | oleşitmese edieşitmesedif only he didn't hear | bizeşitmesek edieşitmesek edif only we didn't hear | sizeşitmesegiz edieşitmesegiz edif only you all didn't hear | alaeşitmesele edieşitmeseledif only they didn't hear |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | meneşitib tursamif I carry on hearing | seneşitib tursaŋif you carry on hearing | oleşitib tursaif he carries on hearing | bizeşitib tursaqif we carry on hearing | sizeşitib tursağızif you all carry on hearing | alaeşitib tursalaif they carry on hearing |
| Durative conditional | meneşitib turmasamif I don't carry on hearing | seneşitib turmasaŋif you don't carry on hearing | oleşitib turmasaif he doesn't carry on hearing | bizeşitib turmasaqif we don't carry on hearing | sizeşitib turmasağızif you all don't carry on hearing | alaeşitib turmasalaif they don't carry on hearing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşitib tura esemif I have heard all along | seneşitib tura eseŋif you have heard all along | oleşitib tura eseif he has heard all along | bizeşitib tura esekif we have heard all along | sizeşitib tura esegizif you all have heard all along | alaeşitib tura eseleif they have heard all along |
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşitib turmay esemif I haven't heard all along | seneşitib turmay eseŋif you haven't heard all along | oleşitib turmay eseif he hasn't heard all along | bizeşitib turmay esekif we haven't heard all along | sizeşitib turmay esegizif you all haven't heard all along | alaeşitib turmay eseleif they haven't heard all along |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | meneşite tursamif I still hear | seneşite tursaŋif you still hear | oleşite tursaif he still hears | bizeşite tursaqif we still hear | sizeşite tursağızif you all still hear | alaeşite tursalaif they still hear |
| Progressive conditional | meneşitmey tursamif I still don't hear | seneşitmey tursaŋif you still don't hear | oleşitmey tursaif he still doesn't hear | bizeşitmey tursaqif we still don't hear | sizeşitmey tursağızif you all still don't hear | alaeşitmey tursalaif they still don't hear |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşite tura esemif I still hear | seneşite tura eseŋif you still hear | oleşite tura eseif he still hears | bizeşite tura esekif we still hear | sizeşite tura esegizif you all still hear | alaeşite tura eseleif they still hear |
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşitmey tura esemif I still don't hear | seneşitmey tura eseŋif you still don't hear | oleşitmey tura eseif he still doesn't hear | bizeşitmey tura esekif we still don't hear | sizeşitmey tura esegizif you all still don't hear | alaeşitmey tura eseleif they still don't hear |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşitdim esemif I heard | seneşitdiŋ eseŋif you heard | oleşitdi eseif he heard | bizeşitdik esekif we heard | sizeşitdigiz esegizif you all heard | alaeşitdile eseleif they heard |
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşitmedim esemif I didn't hear | seneşitmediŋ eseŋif you didn't hear | oleşitmedi eseif he didn't hear | bizeşitmedik esekif we didn't hear | sizeşitmedigiz esegizif you all didn't hear | alaeşitmedile eseleif they didn't hear |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | meneşitgen esemif I did hear (indeed) | seneşitgen eseŋif you did hear (indeed) | oleşitgen eseif he did hear (indeed) | bizeşitgen esekif we did hear (indeed) | sizeşitgen esegizif you all did hear (indeed) | alaeşitgen eseleif they did hear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | meneşitmegen esemif I didn't hear (indeed) | seneşitmegen eseŋif you didn't hear (indeed) | oleşitmegen eseif he didn't hear (indeed) | bizeşitmegen esekif we didn't hear (indeed) | sizeşitmegen esegizif you all didn't hear (indeed) | alaeşitmegen eseleif they didn't hear (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşitgen bolsamif I had heard | seneşitgen bolsaŋif you had heard | oleşitgen bolsaif he had heard | bizeşitgen bolsaqif we had heard | sizeşitgen bolsağızif you all had heard | alaeşitgen bolsalaif they had heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşitmegen bolsamif I hadn't heard | seneşitmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't heard | oleşitmegen bolsaif he hadn't heard | bizeşitmegen bolsaqif we hadn't heard | sizeşitmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't heard | alaeşitmegen bolsalaif they hadn't heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşitgen bolsam edieşitgen bolsam edif only I had heard | seneşitgen bolsaŋ edieşitgen bolsaŋ edif only you had heard | oleşitgen bolsa edieşitgen bolsaedif only he had heard | bizeşitgen bolsaq edieşitgen bolsaq edif only we had heard | sizeşitgen bolsağız edieşitgen bolsağız edif only you all had heard | alaeşitgen bolsala edieşitgen bolsalaedif only they had heard |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşitmegen bolsam edieşitmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't heard | seneşitmegen bolsaŋ edieşitmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't heard | oleşitmegen bolsa edieşitmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't heard | bizeşitmegen bolsaq edieşitmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't heard | sizeşitmegen bolsağız edieşitmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't heard | alaeşitmegen bolsala edieşitmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't heard |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | meneşitir esemif I will hear | seneşitir eseŋif you will hear | oleşitir eseif he will hear | bizeşitir esekif we will hear | sizeşitir esegizif you all will hear | alaeşitir eseleif they will hear |
| Conditional, aorist | meneşitmez esemif I won't hear | seneşitmez eseŋif you won't hear | oleşitmez eseif he won't hear | bizeşitmez esekif we won't hear | sizeşitmez esegizif you all won't hear | alaeşitmez eseleif they won't hear |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | meneşitirik esemif I am going to hear | seneşitirik eseŋif you are going to hear | oleşitirik eseif he is going to hear | bizeşitirik esekif we are going to hear | sizeşitirik esegizif you all are going to hear | alaeşitirik eseleif they are going to hear |
| Conditional, future | meneşitirik tül esemif I am not going to hear | seneşitirik tül eseŋif you are not going to hear | oleşitirik tül eseif he is not going to hear | bizeşitirik tül esekif we are not going to hear | sizeşitirik tül esegizif you all are not going to hear | alaeşitirik tül eseleif they are not going to hear |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşitirik bolsamif I were going to hear | seneşitirik bolsaŋif you were going to hear | oleşitirik bolsaif he were going to hear | bizeşitirik bolsaqif we were going to hear | sizeşitirik bolsağızif you all were going to hear | alaeşitirik bolsalaif they were going to hear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşitmezlik bolsamif I were not going to hear | seneşitmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to hear | oleşitmezlik bolsaif he were not going to hear | bizeşitmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to hear | sizeşitmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to hear | alaeşitmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to hear |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso eşitdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşite bolurmaI must hear | seneşite bolursayou must hear | oleşite bolurhe must hear | bizeşite bolurbuzwe must hear | sizeşite bolursuzyou all must hear | alaeşite bolurlathey must hear |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşitmey bolurmaI must not hear | seneşitmey bolursayou must not hear | oleşitmey bolurhe must not hear | bizeşitmey bolurbuzwe must not hear | sizeşitmey bolursuzyou all must not hear | alaeşitmey bolurlathey must not hear |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşite tura bolurmaI must still hear | seneşite tura bolursayou must still hear | oleşite tura bolurhe must still hear | bizeşite tura bolurbuzwe must still hear | sizeşite tura bolursuzyou all must still hear | alaeşite tura bolurlathey must still hear |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşitmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not hearing | seneşitmey tura bolursayou must keep on not hearing | oleşitmey tura bolurhe must keep on not hearing | bizeşitmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not hearing | sizeşitmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not hearing | alaeşitmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not hearing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | meneşitgen bolurmaI must have heard | seneşitgen bolursayou must have heard | oleşitgen bolurhe must have heard | bizeşitgen bolurbuzwe must have heard | sizeşitgen bolursuzyou all must have heard | alaeşitgen bolurlathey must have heard |
| Inference (must have) | meneşitmegen bolurmaI must not have heard | seneşitmegen bolursayou must not have heard | oleşitmegen bolurhe must not have heard | bizeşitmegen bolurbuzwe must not have heard | sizeşitmegen bolursuzyou all must not have heard | alaeşitmegen bolurlathey must not have heard |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşitirik bolurmaI must be going to hear | seneşitirik bolursayou must be going to hear | oleşitirik bolurhe must be going to hear | bizeşitirik bolurbuzwe must be going to hear | sizeşitirik bolursuzyou all must be going to hear | alaeşitirik bolurlathey must be going to hear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşitmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to hear | seneşitmezlik bolursayou must not be going to hear | oleşitmezlik bolurhe must not be going to hear | bizeşitmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to hear | sizeşitmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to hear | alaeşitmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to hear |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | meneşiteyimlet me hear | seneşit!hear! | oleşitsinlet him hear | bizeşiteyiklet's hear | sizeşitigiz!hear, you all! | alaeşitsinlelet them hear |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitmeyimlet me not hear | seneşitme!don't hear! | oleşitmesinlet him not hear | bizeşitmeyiklet's not hear | sizeşitmegiz!don't hear, you all! | alaeşitmesinlelet them not hear |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşiteyimmi?shall I hear? | oleşitsinmi?should he hear? | bizeşiteyikmi?shall we hear? | alaeşitsinlemi?should they hear? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitmeyimmi?shall I not hear? | oleşitmesinmi?should he not hear? | bizeşitmeyikmi?shall we not hear? | alaeşitmesinlemi?should they not hear? | ||
| Requests | seneşitçi2eşitçinplease hear | oleşitsinçido let him hear | sizeşitçigizplease hear (plural/polite) | alaeşitsinleçido let them hear | ||
| Requests | seneşitmeçi2eşitmeçinplease don't hear | oleşitmesinçido let him not hear | sizeşitmeçigizplease don't hear (plural/polite) | alaeşitmesinleçido let them not hear | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşitgineşitgimay you hear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşitmegineşitmegimay you not hear | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşitgey edim eşitge edimwould that I heard | seneşitgey ediŋ eşitge ediŋwould that you heard | oleşitgey edi eşitge ediwould that he heard | bizeşitgey edik eşitge edikwould that we heard | sizeşitgey edigiz eşitge edigizwould that you all heard | alaeşitgey edile eşitge edilewould that they heard |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşitmegey edim eşitmege edimwould that I did not hear | seneşitmegey ediŋ eşitmege ediŋwould that you did not hear | oleşitmegey edi eşitmege ediwould that he did not hear | bizeşitmegey edik eşitmege edikwould that we did not hear | sizeşitmegey edigiz eşitmege edigizwould that you all did not hear | alaeşitmegey edile eşitmege edilewould that they did not hear |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitmege qoyayımeşitme qoyayımlet me allow someone to hear | seneşitmege qoy!eşitme qoy!let someone hear! | oleşitmege qoysuneşitme qoysunlet him allow someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoyayıqeşitme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoyuğuz!eşitme qoyuğuz!let someone hear, you all! | alaeşitmege qoysunlaeşitme qoysunlalet them allow someone to hear |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitmege qoymayımeşitme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hear | seneşitmege qoyma!eşitme qoyma!don't let someone hear! | oleşitmege qoymasıneşitme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoymayıqeşitme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoymağız!eşitme qoymağız!don't let someone hear, you all! | alaeşitmege qoymasınlaeşitme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hear |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitmege qoyayımmı?eşitme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoysunmu?eşitme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoyayıqmı?eşitme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoysunlamı?eşitme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hear? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitmege qoymayımmı?eşitme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoymasınmı?eşitme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoymayıqmı?eşitme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoymasınlamı?eşitme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hear? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitmege qoyamaeşitme qoyamaI allow someone to hear | seneşitmege qoyasaeşitme qoyasayou allow someone to hear | oleşitmege qoyadıeşitme qoyadıhe allows someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoyabızeşitme qoyabızwe allow someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoyasızeşitme qoyasızyou all allow someone to hear | alaeşitmege qoyadılaeşitme qoyadılathey allow someone to hear |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitmege qoymaymaeşitme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hear | seneşitmege qoymaysaeşitme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hear | oleşitmege qoymaydıeşitme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoymaybızeşitme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoymaysızeşitme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hear | alaeşitmege qoymaydılaeşitme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hear |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitmege qoyamamı?eşitme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hear? | seneşitmege qoyamısa?eşitme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoyamıdı?eşitme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoyabızmı?eşitme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hear? | sizeşitmege qoyamısız?eşitme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoyamıdıla?eşitme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hear? |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitmege qoymaymamı?eşitme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hear? | seneşitmege qoymaymısa?eşitme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoymaymıdı?eşitme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoymaybızmı?eşitme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hear? | sizeşitmege qoymaymısız?eşitme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoymaymıdıla?eşitme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hear? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitmege qoydumeşitme qoydumI allowed someone to hear | seneşitmege qoyduŋeşitme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hear | oleşitmege qoydueşitme qoyduhe allowed someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoyduqeşitme qoyduqwe allowed someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoyduğuzeşitme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hear | alaeşitmege qoydulaeşitme qoydulathey allowed someone to hear |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitmege qoymadımeşitme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hear | seneşitmege qoymadıŋeşitme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hear | oleşitmege qoymadıeşitme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hear | bizeşitmege qoymadıqeşitme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hear | sizeşitmege qoymadığızeşitme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hear | alaeşitmege qoymadılaeşitme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hear |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitmege qoydummu?eşitme qoydummu?did I allow someone to hear? | seneşitmege qoyduŋmu?eşitme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoydumu?eşitme qoydumu?did he allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoyduqmu?eşitme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hear? | sizeşitmege qoyduğuzmu?eşitme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoydulamı?eşitme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hear? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitmege qoymadımmı?eşitme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hear? | seneşitmege qoymadıŋmı?eşitme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hear? | oleşitmege qoymadımı?eşitme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hear? | bizeşitmege qoymadıqmı?eşitme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hear? | sizeşitmege qoymadığızmı?eşitme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hear? | alaeşitmege qoymadılamı?eşitme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hear? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
eşitalırğa be able to hear · eşitalmazğa be unable to hear
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | meneşitalamaI can hear | seneşitalasayou can hear | oleşitaladıhe can hear | bizeşitalabızwe can hear | sizeşitalasızyou all can hear | alaeşitaladılathey can hear |
| Ability — present | meneşitalmaymaI can't hear | seneşitalmaysayou can't hear | oleşitalmaydıhe can't hear | bizeşitalmaybızwe can't hear | sizeşitalmaysızyou all can't hear | alaeşitalmaydılathey can't hear |
| Ability — present | meneşitalamamı? eşitalamıma?can I hear? | seneşitalamısa?can you hear? | oleşitalamıdı?can he hear? | bizeşitalabızmı? eşitalamıbız?can we hear? | sizeşitalamısız?can you all hear? | alaeşitalamıdıla?can they hear? |
| Ability — present | meneşitalmaymamı? eşitalmaymıma?can't I hear? | seneşitalmaymısa?can't you hear? | oleşitalmaymıdı?can't he hear? | bizeşitalmaybızmı? eşitalmaymıbız?can't we hear? | sizeşitalmaymısız?can't you all hear? | alaeşitalmaymıdıla?can't they hear? |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşitalsamif I can hear | seneşitalsaŋif you can hear | oleşitalsaif he can hear | bizeşitalsaqif we can hear | sizeşitalsağızif you all can hear | alaeşitalsalaif they can hear |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşitalmasamif I can't hear | seneşitalmasaŋif you can't hear | oleşitalmasaif he can't hear | bizeşitalmasaqif we can't hear | sizeşitalmasağızif you all can't hear | alaeşitalmasalaif they can't hear |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | meneşitaldımI was able to hear | seneşitaldıŋyou were able to hear | oleşitaldıhe was able to hear | bizeşitaldıqwe were able to hear | sizeşitaldığızyou all were able to hear | alaeşitaldılathey were able to hear |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitalmadımI could not hear | seneşitalmadıŋyou could not hear | oleşitalmadıhe could not hear | bizeşitalmadıqwe could not hear | sizeşitalmadığızyou all could not hear | alaeşitalmadılathey could not hear |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitaldımmı?was I able to hear? | seneşitaldıŋmı?were you able to hear? | oleşitaldımı?was he able to hear? | bizeşitaldıqmı?were we able to hear? | sizeşitaldığızmı?were you all able to hear? | alaeşitaldılamı?were they able to hear? |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitalmadımmı?couldn't I hear? | seneşitalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hear? | oleşitalmadımı?couldn't he hear? | bizeşitalmadıqmı?couldn't we hear? | sizeşitalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hear? | alaeşitalmadılamı?couldn't they hear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitalğanmaI have been able to hear | seneşitalğansayou have been able to hear | oleşitalğandıhe has been able to hear | bizeşitalğanbızwe have been able to hear | sizeşitalğansızyou all have been able to hear | alaeşitalğandılathey have been able to hear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitalmağanmaI haven't been able to hear | seneşitalmağansayou haven't been able to hear | oleşitalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hear | bizeşitalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hear | sizeşitalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hear | alaeşitalmağandılathey haven't been able to hear |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitalğanmamı? eşitalğanmıma?have I been able to hear? | seneşitalğanmısa?have you been able to hear? | oleşitalğanmıdı?has he been able to hear? | bizeşitalğanbızmı? eşitalğanmıbız?have we been able to hear? | sizeşitalğanmısız?have you all been able to hear? | alaeşitalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hear? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitalmağanmamı? eşitalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hear? | seneşitalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hear? | oleşitalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hear? | bizeşitalmağanbızmı? eşitalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hear? | sizeşitalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hear? | alaeşitalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hear? |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşitalğan edimeşitalğanemI had been able to hear | seneşitalğan ediŋeşitalğaneŋyou had been able to hear | oleşitalğan edieşitalğanedhe had been able to hear | bizeşitalğan edikeşitalğanekwe had been able to hear | sizeşitalğan edigizeşitalğanegizyou all had been able to hear | alaeşitalğan edileeşitalğanellethey had been able to hear |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşitalmağan edimeşitalmağanemI hadn't been able to hear | seneşitalmağan ediŋeşitalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hear | oleşitalmağan edieşitalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hear | bizeşitalmağan edikeşitalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hear | sizeşitalmağan edigizeşitalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hear | alaeşitalmağan edileeşitalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hear |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | meneşitala edimeşitalaemI could hear | seneşitala ediŋeşitalaeŋyou could hear | oleşitala edieşitalaedhe could hear | bizeşitala edikeşitalaekwe could hear | sizeşitala edigizeşitalaegizyou all could hear | alaeşitala edileeşitalaellethey could hear |
| Ability — past background | meneşitalmay edimeşitalmayemI could not hear | seneşitalmay ediŋeşitalmayeŋyou could not hear | oleşitalmay edieşitalmayedhe could not hear | bizeşitalmay edikeşitalmayekwe could not hear | sizeşitalmay edigizeşitalmayegizyou all could not hear | alaeşitalmay edileeşitalmayellethey could not hear |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | meneşitalırmaI will be able to hear | seneşitalırsayou will be able to hear | oleşitalırhe will be able to hear | bizeşitalırbızwe will be able to hear | sizeşitalırsızyou all will be able to hear | alaeşitalırlathey will be able to hear |
| Ability — future I | meneşitalmazmaI won't be able to hear | seneşitalmazsayou won't be able to hear | oleşitalmazhe won't be able to hear | bizeşitalmazbızwe won't be able to hear | sizeşitalmazsızyou all won't be able to hear | alaeşitalmazlathey won't be able to hear |
| Ability — future I | meneşitalırmamı? eşitalırmıma?will I be able to hear? | seneşitalırmısa?will you be able to hear? | oleşitalırmı?will he be able to hear? | bizeşitalırbızmı? eşitalırmıbız?will we be able to hear? | sizeşitalırmısız?will you all be able to hear? | alaeşitalırlamı? eşitalırmıla?will they be able to hear? |
| Ability — future I | meneşitalmazmamı? eşitalmazmıma?won't I be able to hear? | seneşitalmazmısa?won't you be able to hear? | oleşitalmazmı?won't he be able to hear? | bizeşitalmazbızmı? eşitalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hear? | sizeşitalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hear? | alaeşitalmazlamı? eşitalmazmıla?won't they be able to hear? |
| Ability — future II | meneşitallıqmaI am going to be able to hear | seneşitallıqsayou are going to be able to hear | oleşitallıqdıhe is going to be able to hear | bizeşitallıqbızwe are going to be able to hear | sizeşitallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hear | alaeşitallıqdılathey are going to be able to hear |
| Ability — future II | meneşitallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hear | seneşitallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hear | oleşitallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hear | bizeşitallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hear | sizeşitallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hear | alaeşitallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hear |
| Ability — future II | meneşitallıqmamı? eşitallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hear? | seneşitallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hear? | oleşitallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hear? | bizeşitallıqbızmı? eşitallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hear? | sizeşitallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hear? | alaeşitallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hear? |
| Ability — future II | meneşitallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hear? | seneşitallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hear? | oleşitallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hear? | bizeşitallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hear? | sizeşitallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hear? | alaeşitallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hear? |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşitalır edimeşitalır emI would be able to hear | seneşitalır ediŋeşitalır eŋyou would be able to hear | oleşitalır edieşitalır edhe would be able to hear | bizeşitalır edikeşitalır ekwe would be able to hear | sizeşitalır edigizeşitalır egizyou all would be able to hear | alaeşitalır edileeşitalır ellethey would be able to hear |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşitalmaz edimeşitalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hear | seneşitalmaz ediŋeşitalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hear | oleşitalmaz edieşitalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hear | bizeşitalmaz edikeşitalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hear | sizeşitalmaz edigizeşitalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hear | alaeşitalmaz edileeşitalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hear |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşitalğıneşitalğımay you be able to hear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşitalmağıneşitalmağımay you not be able to hear | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | meneşitirge izleymeI want to hear | seneşitirge izleyseyou want to hear | oleşitirge izleydihe wants to hear | bizeşitirge izleybizwe want to hear | sizeşitirge izleysizyou all want to hear | alaeşitirge izleydilethey want to hear |
| want to | meneşitirge izlemeymeI do not want to hear | seneşitirge izlemeyseyou do not want to hear | oleşitirge izlemeydihe does not want to hear | bizeşitirge izlemeybizwe do not want to hear | sizeşitirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to hear | alaeşitirge izlemeydilethey do not want to hear |
| would like to | meneşitirge süemeI would like to hear | seneşitirge süeseyou would like to hear | oleşitirge süedihe would like to hear | bizeşitirge süebizwe would like to hear | sizeşitirge süesizyou all would like to hear | alaeşitirge süedilethey would like to hear |
| would like to | meneşitirge süymeymeI would not like to hear | seneşitirge süymeyseyou would not like to hear | oleşitirge süymeydihe would not like to hear | bizeşitirge süymeybizwe would not like to hear | sizeşitirge süymeysizyou all would not like to hear | alaeşitirge süymeydilethey would not like to hear |
| hope to | meneşitirge umutlanamaI hope to hear | seneşitirge umutlanasayou hope to hear | oleşitirge umutlanadıhe hopes to hear | bizeşitirge umutlanabızwe hope to hear | sizeşitirge umutlanasızyou all hope to hear | alaeşitirge umutlanadılathey hope to hear |
| hope to | meneşitirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hear | seneşitirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hear | oleşitirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hear | bizeşitirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hear | sizeşitirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hear | alaeşitirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hear |
| be about to | meneşitirge deb turamaI am about to hear | seneşitirge deb turasayou are about to hear | oleşitirge deb turadıhe is about to hear | bizeşitirge deb turabızwe are about to hear | sizeşitirge deb turasızyou all are about to hear | alaeşitirge deb turadılathey are about to hear |
| be about to | meneşitirge deb turmaymaI am not about to hear | seneşitirge deb turmaysayou are not about to hear | oleşitirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to hear | bizeşitirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to hear | sizeşitirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hear | alaeşitirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to hear |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | meneşitirge kerekmeI need to hear | seneşitirge kerekseyou need to hear | oleşitirge kerekdihe needs to hear | bizeşitirge kerekbizwe need to hear | sizeşitirge kereksizyou all need to hear | alaeşitirge kerekdilethey need to hear |
| need to | meneşitirge kerek tülmeI do not need to hear | seneşitirge kerek tülseyou do not need to hear | oleşitirge kerek tüldühe does not need to hear | bizeşitirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hear | sizeşitirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hear | alaeşitirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to hear |
| have to | menmenŋe eşitirge tüşediI have to hear | sensenŋe eşitirge tüşediyou have to hear | olaŋa eşitirge tüşedihe has to hear | bizbizge eşitirge tüşediwe have to hear | sizsizge eşitirge tüşediyou all have to hear | alaalağa eşitirge tüşedithey have to hear |
| have to | menmenŋe eşitirge tüşmeydiI do not have to hear | sensenŋe eşitirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to hear | olaŋa eşitirge tüşmeydihe does not have to hear | bizbizge eşitirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to hear | sizsizge eşitirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hear | alaalağa eşitirge tüşmeydithey do not have to hear |
| be obliged to | meneşitirge borçlumaI am obliged to hear | seneşitirge borçlusayou are obliged to hear | oleşitirge borçluduhe is obliged to hear | bizeşitirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to hear | sizeşitirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hear | alaeşitirge borçludulathey are obliged to hear |
| be obliged to | meneşitirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hear | seneşitirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hear | oleşitirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hear | bizeşitirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hear | sizeşitirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hear | alaeşitirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hear |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | meneşitirge madarım bardıI have a way to hear | seneşitirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hear | oleşitirge madarı bardıhe has a way to hear | bizeşitirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hear | sizeşitirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hear | alaeşitirge madarları bardıthey have a way to hear |
| have a way to | meneşitirge madarım joqduI have no way to hear | seneşitirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hear | oleşitirge madarı joqduhe has no way to hear | bizeşitirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hear | sizeşitirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hear | alaeşitirge madarları joqduthey have no way to hear |
| be free to | meneşitirge erkinligim bardıI am free to hear | seneşitirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hear | oleşitirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to hear | bizeşitirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hear | sizeşitirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hear | alaeşitirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hear |
| be free to | meneşitirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to hear | seneşitirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hear | oleşitirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hear | bizeşitirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hear | sizeşitirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hear | alaeşitirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for me to hear | sensenŋe eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for you to hear | olaŋa eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for him to hear | bizbizge eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for us to hear | sizsizge eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to hear | alaalağa eşitirge bolluqduit is possible for them to hear |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hear | sensenŋe eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hear | olaŋa eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hear | bizbizge eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hear | sizsizge eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hear | alaalağa eşitirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hear |
| be ready to | meneşitirge hazırmaI am ready to hear | seneşitirge hazırsayou are ready to hear | oleşitirge hazırdıhe is ready to hear | bizeşitirge hazırbızwe are ready to hear | sizeşitirge hazırsızyou all are ready to hear | alaeşitirge hazırdılathey are ready to hear |
| be ready to | meneşitirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to hear | seneşitirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to hear | oleşitirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to hear | bizeşitirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hear | sizeşitirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hear | alaeşitirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hear |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | meneşitirge küreşemeI am trying to hear | seneşitirge küreşeseyou are trying to hear | oleşitirge küreşedihe is trying to hear | bizeşitirge küreşebizwe are trying to hear | sizeşitirge küreşesizyou all are trying to hear | alaeşitirge küreşedilethey are trying to hear |
| try to | meneşitirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to hear | seneşitirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hear | oleşitirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to hear | bizeşitirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hear | sizeşitirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hear | alaeşitirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hear |
| agree to | meneşitirge unaymaI agree to hear | seneşitirge unaysayou agree to hear | oleşitirge unaydıhe agrees to hear | bizeşitirge unaybızwe agree to hear | sizeşitirge unaysızyou all agree to hear | alaeşitirge unaydılathey agree to hear |
| agree to | meneşitirge unamaymaI refuse to hear | seneşitirge unamaysayou refuse to hear | oleşitirge unamaydıhe refuses to hear | bizeşitirge unamaybızwe refuse to hear | sizeşitirge unamaysızyou all refuse to hear | alaeşitirge unamaydılathey refuse to hear |
| hurry to | meneşitirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to hear | seneşitirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to hear | oleşitirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hear | bizeşitirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hear | sizeşitirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hear | alaeşitirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hear |
| hurry to | meneşitirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hear | seneşitirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hear | oleşitirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hear | bizeşitirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hear | sizeşitirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hear | alaeşitirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hear |
| be afraid to | meneşitirge qorqamaI am afraid to hear | seneşitirge qorqasayou are afraid to hear | oleşitirge qorqadıhe is afraid to hear | bizeşitirge qorqabızwe are afraid to hear | sizeşitirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to hear | alaeşitirge qorqadılathey are afraid to hear |
| be afraid to | meneşitirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hear | seneşitirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hear | oleşitirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hear | bizeşitirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hear | sizeşitirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hear | alaeşitirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hear |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | meneşite bolmazmaI can't hear | seneşite bolmazsayou can't hear | oleşite bolmazhe can't hear | bizeşite bolmazbızwe can't hear | sizeşite bolmazsızyou all can't hear | alaeşite bolmazlathey can't hear |
| Inference, present — double negation | meneşitmey bolmazmaI must hear (emphatic) | seneşitmey bolmazsayou must hear (emphatic) | oleşitmey bolmazhe must hear (emphatic) | bizeşitmey bolmazbızwe must hear (emphatic) | sizeşitmey bolmazsızyou all must hear (emphatic) | alaeşitmey bolmazlathey must hear (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | meneşite turmasamif I no longer hear | seneşite turmasaŋif you no longer hear | oleşite turmasaif he no longer hears | bizeşite turmasaqif we no longer hear | sizeşite turmasağızif you all no longer hear | alaeşite turmasalaif they no longer hear |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | meneşite tura bolmazmaI can't still hear | seneşite tura bolmazsayou can't still hear | oleşite tura bolmazhe can't still hear | bizeşite tura bolmazbızwe can't still hear | sizeşite tura bolmazsızyou all can't still hear | alaeşite tura bolmazlathey can't still hear |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | meneşitmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not hearing (emphatic) | seneşitmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not hearing (emphatic) | oleşitmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not hearing (emphatic) | bizeşitmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not hearing (emphatic) | sizeşitmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not hearing (emphatic) | alaeşitmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not hearing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | meneşitmey turamaI keep on not hearing | seneşitmey turasayou keep on not hearing | oleşitmey turadıhe keeps on not hearing | bizeşitmey turabızwe keep on not hearing | sizeşitmey turasızyou all keep on not hearing | alaeşitmey turadılathey keep on not hearing |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşitmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not hearing | seneşitmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not hearing | oleşitmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not hearing | bizeşitmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not hearing | sizeşitmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not hearing | alaeşitmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not hearing |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşitmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not hearing? | seneşitmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not hearing? | oleşitmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not hearing? | bizeşitmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not hearing? | sizeşitmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not hearing? | alaeşitmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not hearing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | meneşitgen bolmazmaI can't have heard | seneşitgen bolmazsayou can't have heard | oleşitgen bolmazhe can't have heard | bizeşitgen bolmazbızwe can't have heard | sizeşitgen bolmazsızyou all can't have heard | alaeşitgen bolmazlathey can't have heard |
| Inference — double negation | meneşitmegen bolmazmaI must have heard (emphatic) | seneşitmegen bolmazsayou must have heard (emphatic) | oleşitmegen bolmazhe must have heard (emphatic) | bizeşitmegen bolmazbızwe must have heard (emphatic) | sizeşitmegen bolmazsızyou all must have heard (emphatic) | alaeşitmegen bolmazlathey must have heard (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | meneşitgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had heard | seneşitgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had heard | oleşitgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had heard | bizeşitgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had heard | sizeşitgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had heard | alaeşitgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had heard |
| Counterfactual — double negation | meneşitmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't heard | seneşitmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't heard | oleşitmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't heard | bizeşitmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't heard | sizeşitmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't heard | alaeşitmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't heard |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | meneşitirik bolmazmaI can't be going to hear | seneşitirik bolmazsayou can't be going to hear | oleşitirik bolmazhe can't be going to hear | bizeşitirik bolmazbızwe can't be going to hear | sizeşitirik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hear | alaeşitirik bolmazlathey can't be going to hear |
| Inference, future — double negation | meneşitmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to hear (emphatic) | seneşitmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to hear (emphatic) | oleşitmezlik bolmazhe must be going to hear (emphatic) | bizeşitmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to hear (emphatic) | sizeşitmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to hear (emphatic) | alaeşitmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to hear (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | meneşitirik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hear | seneşitirik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hear | oleşitirik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hear | bizeşitirik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hear | sizeşitirik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hear | alaeşitirik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hear |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | meneşitmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hear | seneşitmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hear | oleşitmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hear | bizeşitmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hear | sizeşitmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hear | alaeşitmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hear |