eşitilirge
/eʃitilirɡe/
1. be heard, be audible, reach the ear (of a sound) — The person who hears can be named in the dative.
- bir tawuş eşitiledi — some sound is heard
- at ayaq tawuş eşitildi — the sound of a horse's hooves was heard
- anı awazı eşitildi — their voice was heard
- jır uzaqdan eşitiledi — the song is heard from afar
- uzaqdan jırlağan tawuş eşitildi — the sound of singing was heard from afar
- meni sözüm eşitilmedi — my word was not heard
- tawuşum senŋe eşitile ese — if my voice is audible to you
2. spread, become known (of news or rumors) one source
- halqğa eşitildi — word of it reached the people
- hapar elge eşitildi — the news reached the village
- ol iş tez eşitildi — that matter quickly became known
Expressions
- çibin uçhan eşitilirge — dead silent
Conjugation
Common forms
- eşitiledihe is being heard
- eşitildihe was heard
- eşitilgendihe has been heard
- eşitilirhe will be heard
- eşitillikdihe is going to be heard
- eşitile edihe was being heard
- eşitilseif he is heard
- eşitil!be heard!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitilemeI am being heard | seneşitileseyou are being heard | oleşitiledihe is being heard | bizeşitilebizwe are being heard | sizeşitilesizyou all are being heard | alaeşitiledilethey are being heard |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitilmeymeI am not being heard | seneşitilmeyseyou are not being heard | oleşitilmeydihe is not being heard | bizeşitilmeybizwe are not being heard | sizeşitilmeysizyou all are not being heard | alaeşitilmeydilethey are not being heard |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitilememi? eşitilemime?am I being heard? | seneşitilemise?are you being heard? | oleşitilemidi?is he being heard? | bizeşitilebizmi? eşitilemibiz?are we being heard? | sizeşitilemisiz?are you all being heard? | alaeşitilemidile?are they being heard? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşitilmeymemi? eşitilmeymime?aren't I being heard? | seneşitilmeymise?aren't you being heard? | oleşitilmeymidi?isn't he being heard? | bizeşitilmeybizmi? eşitilmeymibiz?aren't we being heard? | sizeşitilmeymisiz?aren't you all being heard? | alaeşitilmeymidile?aren't they being heard? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitiliwçenmeI am usually heard | seneşitiliwçenseyou are usually heard | oleşitiliwçendihe is usually heard | bizeşitiliwçenbizwe are usually heard | sizeşitiliwçensizyou all are usually heard | alaeşitiliwçendilethey are usually heard |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitilmewçenmeI am usually not heard | seneşitilmewçenseyou are usually not heard | oleşitilmewçendihe is usually not heard | bizeşitilmewçenbizwe are usually not heard | sizeşitilmewçensizyou all are usually not heard | alaeşitilmewçendilethey are usually not heard |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitiliwçenmemi? eşitiliwçenmime?am I usually heard? | seneşitiliwçenmise?are you usually heard? | oleşitiliwçenmidi?is he usually heard? | bizeşitiliwçenbizmi? eşitiliwçenmibiz?are we usually heard? | sizeşitiliwçenmisiz?are you all usually heard? | alaeşitiliwçenmidile?are they usually heard? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşitilmewçenmemi? eşitilmewçenmime?am I usually not heard? | seneşitilmewçenmise?are you usually not heard? | oleşitilmewçenmidi?is he usually not heard? | bizeşitilmewçenbizmi? eşitilmewçenmibiz?are we usually not heard? | sizeşitilmewçenmisiz?are you all usually not heard? | alaeşitilmewçenmidile?are they usually not heard? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşitilibdihe has been heard and remains so | alaeşitilibdilethey have been heard and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşitilibmidi?has he been heard? | alaeşitilibmidile?have they been heard? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitilib turamaI remain heard | seneşitilib turasayou remain heard | oleşitilib turadıhe remains heard | bizeşitilib turabızwe remain heard | sizeşitilib turasızyou all remain heard | alaeşitilib turadılathey remain heard |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitilib turmaymaI don't remain heard | seneşitilib turmaysayou don't remain heard | oleşitilib turmaydıhe doesn't remain heard | bizeşitilib turmaybızwe don't remain heard | sizeşitilib turmaysızyou all don't remain heard | alaeşitilib turmaydılathey don't remain heard |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitilib turamamı? eşitilib turamıma?do I remain heard? | seneşitilib turamısa?do you remain heard? | oleşitilib turamıdı?does he remain heard? | bizeşitilib turabızmı? eşitilib turamıbız?do we remain heard? | sizeşitilib turamısız?do you all remain heard? | alaeşitilib turamıdıla?do they remain heard? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşitilib turmaymamı? eşitilib turmaymıma?don't I remain heard? | seneşitilib turmaymısa?don't you remain heard? | oleşitilib turmaymıdı?doesn't he remain heard? | bizeşitilib turmaybızmı? eşitilib turmaymıbız?don't we remain heard? | sizeşitilib turmaymısız?don't you all remain heard? | alaeşitilib turmaymıdıla?don't they remain heard? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşitile turamaI am in the middle of being heard | seneşitile turasayou are in the middle of being heard | oleşitile turadıhe is in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile turabızwe are in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile turasızyou all are in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile turadılathey are in the middle of being heard |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşitile turmaymaI am not in the middle of being heard | seneşitile turmaysayou are not in the middle of being heard | oleşitile turmaydıhe is not in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile turmaybızwe are not in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile turmaydılathey are not in the middle of being heard |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşitile turamamı? eşitile turamıma?am I in the middle of being heard? | seneşitile turamısa?are you in the middle of being heard? | oleşitile turamıdı?is he in the middle of being heard? | bizeşitile turabızmı? eşitile turamıbız?are we in the middle of being heard? | sizeşitile turamısız?are you all in the middle of being heard? | alaeşitile turamıdıla?are they in the middle of being heard? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşitile turmaymamı? eşitile turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of being heard? | seneşitile turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of being heard? | oleşitile turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of being heard? | bizeşitile turmaybızmı? eşitile turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of being heard? | sizeşitile turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of being heard? | alaeşitile turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of being heard? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitildimI was heard | seneşitildiŋyou were heard | oleşitildihe was heard | bizeşitildikwe were heard | sizeşitildigizyou all were heard | alaeşitildilethey were heard |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitilmedimI wasn't heard | seneşitilmediŋyou weren't heard | oleşitilmedihe wasn't heard | bizeşitilmedikwe weren't heard | sizeşitilmedigizyou all weren't heard | alaeşitilmedilethey weren't heard |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitildimmi?was I heard? | seneşitildiŋmi?were you heard? | oleşitildimi?was he heard? | bizeşitildikmi?were we heard? | sizeşitildigizmi?were you all heard? | alaeşitildilemi?were they heard? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşitilmedimmi?wasn't I heard? | seneşitilmediŋmi?weren't you heard? | oleşitilmedimi?wasn't he heard? | bizeşitilmedikmi?weren't we heard? | sizeşitilmedigizmi?weren't you all heard? | alaeşitilmedilemi?weren't they heard? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitilgenmeI have been heard | seneşitilgenseyou have been heard | oleşitilgendihe has been heard | bizeşitilgenbizwe have been heard | sizeşitilgensizyou all have been heard | alaeşitilgendilethey have been heard |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitilmegenmeI haven't been heard | seneşitilmegenseyou haven't been heard | oleşitilmegendihe hasn't been heard | bizeşitilmegenbizwe haven't been heard | sizeşitilmegensizyou all haven't been heard | alaeşitilmegendilethey haven't been heard |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitilgenmemi? eşitilgenmime?have I been heard? | seneşitilgenmise?have you been heard? | oleşitilgenmidi?has he been heard? | bizeşitilgenbizmi? eşitilgenmibiz?have we been heard? | sizeşitilgenmisiz?have you all been heard? | alaeşitilgenmidile?have they been heard? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşitilmegenmemi? eşitilmegenmime?haven't I been heard? | seneşitilmegenmise?haven't you been heard? | oleşitilmegenmidi?hasn't he been heard? | bizeşitilmegenbizmi? eşitilmegenmibiz?haven't we been heard? | sizeşitilmegenmisiz?haven't you all been heard? | alaeşitilmegenmidile?haven't they been heard? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşitilib turdumI remained heard | seneşitilib turduŋyou remained heard | oleşitilib turduhe remained heard | bizeşitilib turduqwe remained heard | sizeşitilib turduğuzyou all remained heard | alaeşitilib turdulathey remained heard |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşitilib turmadımI didn't remain heard | seneşitilib turmadıŋyou didn't remain heard | oleşitilib turmadıhe didn't remain heard | bizeşitilib turmadıqwe didn't remain heard | sizeşitilib turmadığızyou all didn't remain heard | alaeşitilib turmadılathey didn't remain heard |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitilirmeI will be heard | seneşitilirseyou will be heard | oleşitilirhe will be heard | bizeşitilirbizwe will be heard | sizeşitilirsizyou all will be heard | alaeşitilirlethey will be heard |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitilmezmeI won't be heard | seneşitilmezseyou won't be heard | oleşitilmezhe won't be heard | bizeşitilmezbizwe won't be heard | sizeşitilmezsizyou all won't be heard | alaeşitilmezlethey won't be heard |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitilirmemi? eşitilirmime?will I be heard? | seneşitilirmise?will you be heard? | oleşitilirmi?will he be heard? | bizeşitilirbizmi? eşitilirmibiz?will we be heard? | sizeşitilirmisiz?will you all be heard? | alaeşitilirlemi? eşitilirmile?will they be heard? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşitilmezmemi? eşitilmezmime?won't I be heard? | seneşitilmezmise?won't you be heard? | oleşitilmezmi?won't he be heard? | bizeşitilmezbizmi? eşitilmezmibiz?won't we be heard? | sizeşitilmezmisiz?won't you all be heard? | alaeşitilmezlemi? eşitilmezmile?won't they be heard? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitillikmeI am going to be heard | seneşitillikseyou are going to be heard | oleşitillikdihe is going to be heard | bizeşitillikbizwe are going to be heard | sizeşitilliksizyou all are going to be heard | alaeşitillikdilethey are going to be heard |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitillik tülmeI am not going to be heard | seneşitillik tülseyou are not going to be heard | oleşitillik tüldühe is not going to be heard | bizeşitillik tülbüzwe are not going to be heard | sizeşitillik tülsüzyou all are not going to be heard | alaeşitillik tüldülethey are not going to be heard |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitillikmemi? eşitillikmime?am I going to be heard? | seneşitillikmise?are you going to be heard? | oleşitillikmidi?is he going to be heard? | bizeşitillikbizmi? eşitillikmibiz?are we going to be heard? | sizeşitillikmisiz?are you all going to be heard? | alaeşitillikmidile?are they going to be heard? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşitillik tülmüme?aren't I going to be heard? | seneşitillik tülmüse?aren't you going to be heard? | oleşitillik tülmüdü?isn't he going to be heard? | bizeşitillik tülmübüz?aren't we going to be heard? | sizeşitillik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be heard? | alaeşitillik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be heard? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşitilgen edimeşitilgenemI had been heard | seneşitilgen ediŋeşitilgeneŋyou had been heard | oleşitilgen edieşitilgenedhe had been heard | bizeşitilgen edikeşitilgenekwe had been heard | sizeşitilgen edigizeşitilgenegizyou all had been heard | alaeşitilgen edileeşitilgenellethey had been heard |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşitilmegen edimeşitilmegenemI hadn't been heard | seneşitilmegen ediŋeşitilmegeneŋyou hadn't been heard | oleşitilmegen edieşitilmegenedhe hadn't been heard | bizeşitilmegen edikeşitilmegenekwe hadn't been heard | sizeşitilmegen edigizeşitilmegenegizyou all hadn't been heard | alaeşitilmegen edileeşitilmegenellethey hadn't been heard |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşitile edimeşitilemI was being heard | seneşitile ediŋeşitileŋyou were being heard | oleşitile edieşitiledhe was being heard | bizeşitile edikeşitilekwe were being heard | sizeşitile edigizeşitilegizyou all were being heard | alaeşitile edileeşitilellethey were being heard |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşitilmey edimeşitilmeyemI wasn't being heard | seneşitilmey ediŋeşitilmeyeŋyou weren't being heard | oleşitilmey edieşitilmeyedhe wasn't being heard | bizeşitilmey edikeşitilmeyekwe weren't being heard | sizeşitilmey edigizeşitilmeyegizyou all weren't being heard | alaeşitilmey edileeşitilmeyellethey weren't being heard |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşitiliwçen edimeşitiliwçenemI used to be heard | seneşitiliwçen ediŋeşitiliwçeneŋyou used to be heard | oleşitiliwçen edieşitiliwçenedhe used to be heard | bizeşitiliwçen edikeşitiliwçenekwe used to be heard | sizeşitiliwçen edigizeşitiliwçenegizyou all used to be heard | alaeşitiliwçen edileeşitiliwçenellethey used to be heard |
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşitilmewçen edimeşitilmewçenemI didn't use to be heard | seneşitilmewçen ediŋeşitilmewçeneŋyou didn't use to be heard | oleşitilmewçen edieşitilmewçenedhe didn't use to be heard | bizeşitilmewçen edikeşitilmewçenekwe didn't use to be heard | sizeşitilmewçen edigizeşitilmewçenegizyou all didn't use to be heard | alaeşitilmewçen edileeşitilmewçenellethey didn't use to be heard |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşitilib edihe had been heard and remained so | alaeşitilib edilethey had been heard and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşitilib tül edihe hadn't been heard | alaeşitilib tül edilethey hadn't been heard | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşitilib tura edimeşitilib turaemI had remained heard | seneşitilib tura ediŋeşitilib turaeŋyou had remained heard | oleşitilib tura edieşitilib turaedhe had remained heard | bizeşitilib tura edikeşitilib turaekwe had remained heard | sizeşitilib tura edigizeşitilib turaegizyou all had remained heard | alaeşitilib tura edileeşitilib turaellethey had remained heard |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşitilib turmay edimeşitilib turmayemI hadn't remained heard | seneşitilib turmay ediŋeşitilib turmayeŋyou hadn't remained heard | oleşitilib turmay edieşitilib turmayedhe hadn't remained heard | bizeşitilib turmay edikeşitilib turmayekwe hadn't remained heard | sizeşitilib turmay edigizeşitilib turmayegizyou all hadn't remained heard | alaeşitilib turmay edileeşitilib turmayellethey hadn't remained heard |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşitile tura edimeşitile turaemI was in the middle of being heard | seneşitile tura ediŋeşitile turaeŋyou were in the middle of being heard | oleşitile tura edieşitile turaedhe was in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile tura edikeşitile turaekwe were in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile tura edigizeşitile turaegizyou all were in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile tura edileeşitile turaellethey were in the middle of being heard |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşitile turmay edimeşitile turmayemI wasn't in the middle of being heard | seneşitile turmay ediŋeşitile turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of being heard | oleşitile turmay edieşitile turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile turmay edikeşitile turmayekwe weren't in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile turmay edigizeşitile turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile turmay edileeşitile turmayellethey weren't in the middle of being heard |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | meneşitilir edimeşitilir emI would be heard | seneşitilir ediŋeşitilir eŋyou would be heard | oleşitilir edieşitilir edhe would be heard | bizeşitilir edikeşitilir ekwe would be heard | sizeşitilir edigizeşitilir egizyou all would be heard | alaeşitilir edileeşitilir ellethey would be heard |
| Conditional result (would) | meneşitilmez edimeşitilmez emI wouldn't be heard | seneşitilmez ediŋeşitilmez eŋyou wouldn't be heard | oleşitilmez edieşitilmez edhe wouldn't be heard | bizeşitilmez edikeşitilmez ekwe wouldn't be heard | sizeşitilmez edigizeşitilmez egizyou all wouldn't be heard | alaeşitilmez edileeşitilmez ellethey wouldn't be heard |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşitillik edimeşitillik emI would have been heard | seneşitillik ediŋeşitillik eŋyou would have been heard | oleşitillik edieşitillik edhe would have been heard | bizeşitillik edikeşitillik ekwe would have been heard | sizeşitillik edigizeşitillik egizyou all would have been heard | alaeşitillik edileeşitillik ellethey would have been heard |
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşitillik tül edimeşitillik tül emI wouldn't have been heard | seneşitillik tül ediŋeşitillik tül eŋyou wouldn't have been heard | oleşitillik tül edieşitillik tül edhe wouldn't have been heard | bizeşitillik tül edikeşitillik tül ekwe wouldn't have been heard | sizeşitillik tül edigizeşitillik tül egizyou all wouldn't have been heard | alaeşitillik tül edileeşitillik tül ellethey wouldn't have been heard |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | meneşitilsemif I am heard | seneşitilseŋif you are heard | oleşitilseif he is heard | bizeşitilsekif we are heard | sizeşitilsegizif you all are heard | alaeşitilseleif they are heard |
| Conditional | meneşitilmesemif I am not heard | seneşitilmeseŋif you are not heard | oleşitilmeseif he is not heard | bizeşitilmesekif we are not heard | sizeşitilmesegizif you all are not heard | alaeşitilmeseleif they are not heard |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | meneşitile esemif I am being heard | seneşitile eseŋif you are being heard | oleşitile eseif he is being heard | bizeşitile esekif we are being heard | sizeşitile esegizif you all are being heard | alaeşitile eseleif they are being heard |
| Conditional, present real | meneşitilmey esemif I am not being heard | seneşitilmey eseŋif you are not being heard | oleşitilmey eseif he is not being heard | bizeşitilmey esekif we are not being heard | sizeşitilmey esegizif you all are not being heard | alaeşitilmey eseleif they are not being heard |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşitilsem edieşitilsem edif only I was heard | seneşitilseŋ edieşitilseŋ edif only you was heard | oleşitilse edieşitilsedif only he was heard | bizeşitilsek edieşitilsek edif only we was heard | sizeşitilsegiz edieşitilsegiz edif only you all was heard | alaeşitilsele edieşitilseledif only they was heard |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşitilmesem edieşitilmesem edif only I didn't be heard | seneşitilmeseŋ edieşitilmeseŋ edif only you didn't be heard | oleşitilmese edieşitilmesedif only he didn't be heard | bizeşitilmesek edieşitilmesek edif only we didn't be heard | sizeşitilmesegiz edieşitilmesegiz edif only you all didn't be heard | alaeşitilmesele edieşitilmeseledif only they didn't be heard |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | meneşitilib tursamif I remain heard | seneşitilib tursaŋif you remain heard | oleşitilib tursaif he remains heard | bizeşitilib tursaqif we remain heard | sizeşitilib tursağızif you all remain heard | alaeşitilib tursalaif they remain heard |
| Durative conditional | meneşitilib turmasamif I don't remain heard | seneşitilib turmasaŋif you don't remain heard | oleşitilib turmasaif he doesn't remain heard | bizeşitilib turmasaqif we don't remain heard | sizeşitilib turmasağızif you all don't remain heard | alaeşitilib turmasalaif they don't remain heard |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşitilib tura esemif I have remained heard | seneşitilib tura eseŋif you have remained heard | oleşitilib tura eseif he has remained heard | bizeşitilib tura esekif we have remained heard | sizeşitilib tura esegizif you all have remained heard | alaeşitilib tura eseleif they have remained heard |
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşitilib turmay esemif I haven't remained heard | seneşitilib turmay eseŋif you haven't remained heard | oleşitilib turmay eseif he hasn't remained heard | bizeşitilib turmay esekif we haven't remained heard | sizeşitilib turmay esegizif you all haven't remained heard | alaeşitilib turmay eseleif they haven't remained heard |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | meneşitile tursamif I keep being heard | seneşitile tursaŋif you keep being heard | oleşitile tursaif he keeps being heard | bizeşitile tursaqif we keep being heard | sizeşitile tursağızif you all keep being heard | alaeşitile tursalaif they keep being heard |
| Progressive conditional | meneşitilmey tursamif I keep on not being heard | seneşitilmey tursaŋif you keep on not being heard | oleşitilmey tursaif he keeps on not being heard | bizeşitilmey tursaqif we keep on not being heard | sizeşitilmey tursağızif you all keep on not being heard | alaeşitilmey tursalaif they keep on not being heard |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşitile tura esemif I am in the middle of being heard | seneşitile tura eseŋif you are in the middle of being heard | oleşitile tura eseif he is in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile tura esekif we are in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile tura esegizif you all are in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile tura eseleif they are in the middle of being heard |
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşitilmey tura esemif I keep on not being heard | seneşitilmey tura eseŋif you keep on not being heard | oleşitilmey tura eseif he keeps on not being heard | bizeşitilmey tura esekif we keep on not being heard | sizeşitilmey tura esegizif you all keep on not being heard | alaeşitilmey tura eseleif they keep on not being heard |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşitildim esemif I was heard | seneşitildiŋ eseŋif you were heard | oleşitildi eseif he was heard | bizeşitildik esekif we were heard | sizeşitildigiz esegizif you all were heard | alaeşitildile eseleif they were heard |
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşitilmedim esemif I wasn't heard | seneşitilmediŋ eseŋif you weren't heard | oleşitilmedi eseif he wasn't heard | bizeşitilmedik esekif we weren't heard | sizeşitilmedigiz esegizif you all weren't heard | alaeşitilmedile eseleif they weren't heard |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | meneşitilgen esemif I was heard (indeed) | seneşitilgen eseŋif you were heard (indeed) | oleşitilgen eseif he was heard (indeed) | bizeşitilgen esekif we were heard (indeed) | sizeşitilgen esegizif you all were heard (indeed) | alaeşitilgen eseleif they were heard (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | meneşitilmegen esemif I wasn't heard (indeed) | seneşitilmegen eseŋif you weren't heard (indeed) | oleşitilmegen eseif he wasn't heard (indeed) | bizeşitilmegen esekif we weren't heard (indeed) | sizeşitilmegen esegizif you all weren't heard (indeed) | alaeşitilmegen eseleif they weren't heard (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşitilgen bolsamif I had been heard | seneşitilgen bolsaŋif you had been heard | oleşitilgen bolsaif he had been heard | bizeşitilgen bolsaqif we had been heard | sizeşitilgen bolsağızif you all had been heard | alaeşitilgen bolsalaif they had been heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşitilmegen bolsamif I hadn't been heard | seneşitilmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't been heard | oleşitilmegen bolsaif he hadn't been heard | bizeşitilmegen bolsaqif we hadn't been heard | sizeşitilmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't been heard | alaeşitilmegen bolsalaif they hadn't been heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşitilgen bolsam edieşitilgen bolsam edif only I had been heard | seneşitilgen bolsaŋ edieşitilgen bolsaŋ edif only you had been heard | oleşitilgen bolsa edieşitilgen bolsaedif only he had been heard | bizeşitilgen bolsaq edieşitilgen bolsaq edif only we had been heard | sizeşitilgen bolsağız edieşitilgen bolsağız edif only you all had been heard | alaeşitilgen bolsala edieşitilgen bolsalaedif only they had been heard |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşitilmegen bolsam edieşitilmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't been heard | seneşitilmegen bolsaŋ edieşitilmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't been heard | oleşitilmegen bolsa edieşitilmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't been heard | bizeşitilmegen bolsaq edieşitilmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't been heard | sizeşitilmegen bolsağız edieşitilmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't been heard | alaeşitilmegen bolsala edieşitilmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't been heard |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | meneşitilir esemif I will be heard | seneşitilir eseŋif you will be heard | oleşitilir eseif he will be heard | bizeşitilir esekif we will be heard | sizeşitilir esegizif you all will be heard | alaeşitilir eseleif they will be heard |
| Conditional, aorist | meneşitilmez esemif I won't be heard | seneşitilmez eseŋif you won't be heard | oleşitilmez eseif he won't be heard | bizeşitilmez esekif we won't be heard | sizeşitilmez esegizif you all won't be heard | alaeşitilmez eseleif they won't be heard |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | meneşitillik esemif I am going to be heard | seneşitillik eseŋif you are going to be heard | oleşitillik eseif he is going to be heard | bizeşitillik esekif we are going to be heard | sizeşitillik esegizif you all are going to be heard | alaeşitillik eseleif they are going to be heard |
| Conditional, future | meneşitillik tül esemif I am not going to be heard | seneşitillik tül eseŋif you are not going to be heard | oleşitillik tül eseif he is not going to be heard | bizeşitillik tül esekif we are not going to be heard | sizeşitillik tül esegizif you all are not going to be heard | alaeşitillik tül eseleif they are not going to be heard |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşitillik bolsamif I were going to be heard | seneşitillik bolsaŋif you were going to be heard | oleşitillik bolsaif he were going to be heard | bizeşitillik bolsaqif we were going to be heard | sizeşitillik bolsağızif you all were going to be heard | alaeşitillik bolsalaif they were going to be heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşitilmezlik bolsamif I were not going to be heard | seneşitilmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to be heard | oleşitilmezlik bolsaif he were not going to be heard | bizeşitilmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to be heard | sizeşitilmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to be heard | alaeşitilmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to be heard |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso eşitildiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşitile bolurmaI must be being heard | seneşitile bolursayou must be being heard | oleşitile bolurhe must be being heard | bizeşitile bolurbuzwe must be being heard | sizeşitile bolursuzyou all must be being heard | alaeşitile bolurlathey must be being heard |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşitilmey bolurmaI must not be being heard | seneşitilmey bolursayou must not be being heard | oleşitilmey bolurhe must not be being heard | bizeşitilmey bolurbuzwe must not be being heard | sizeşitilmey bolursuzyou all must not be being heard | alaeşitilmey bolurlathey must not be being heard |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşitile tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of being heard | seneşitile tura bolursayou must be in the middle of being heard | oleşitile tura bolurhe must be in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of being heard |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşitilmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not being heard | seneşitilmey tura bolursayou must keep on not being heard | oleşitilmey tura bolurhe must keep on not being heard | bizeşitilmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not being heard | sizeşitilmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not being heard | alaeşitilmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not being heard |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | meneşitilgen bolurmaI must have been heard | seneşitilgen bolursayou must have been heard | oleşitilgen bolurhe must have been heard | bizeşitilgen bolurbuzwe must have been heard | sizeşitilgen bolursuzyou all must have been heard | alaeşitilgen bolurlathey must have been heard |
| Inference (must have) | meneşitilmegen bolurmaI must not have been heard | seneşitilmegen bolursayou must not have been heard | oleşitilmegen bolurhe must not have been heard | bizeşitilmegen bolurbuzwe must not have been heard | sizeşitilmegen bolursuzyou all must not have been heard | alaeşitilmegen bolurlathey must not have been heard |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşitillik bolurmaI must be going to be heard | seneşitillik bolursayou must be going to be heard | oleşitillik bolurhe must be going to be heard | bizeşitillik bolurbuzwe must be going to be heard | sizeşitillik bolursuzyou all must be going to be heard | alaeşitillik bolurlathey must be going to be heard |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşitilmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to be heard | seneşitilmezlik bolursayou must not be going to be heard | oleşitilmezlik bolurhe must not be going to be heard | bizeşitilmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to be heard | sizeşitilmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to be heard | alaeşitilmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to be heard |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitileyimlet me be heard | seneşitil!be heard! | oleşitilsinlet him be heard | bizeşitileyiklet's be heard | sizeşitiligiz!be heard, you all! | alaeşitilsinlelet them be heard |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitilmeyimlet me not be heard | seneşitilme!don't be heard! | oleşitilmesinlet him not be heard | bizeşitilmeyiklet's not be heard | sizeşitilmegiz!don't be heard, you all! | alaeşitilmesinlelet them not be heard |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitileyimmi?shall I be heard? | oleşitilsinmi?should he be heard? | bizeşitileyikmi?shall we be heard? | alaeşitilsinlemi?should they be heard? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | meneşitilmeyimmi?shall I not be heard? | oleşitilmesinmi?should he not be heard? | bizeşitilmeyikmi?shall we not be heard? | alaeşitilmesinlemi?should they not be heard? | ||
| Requests | seneşitilçi2eşitilçinplease be heard | oleşitilsinçido let him be heard | sizeşitilçigizplease be heard (plural/polite) | alaeşitilsinleçido let them be heard | ||
| Requests | seneşitilmeçi2eşitilmeçinplease don't be heard | oleşitilmesinçido let him not be heard | sizeşitilmeçigizplease don't be heard (plural/polite) | alaeşitilmesinleçido let them not be heard | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşitilgineşitilgimay you be heard | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşitilmegineşitilmegimay you not be heard | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşitilgey edim eşitilge edimwould that I were heard | seneşitilgey ediŋ eşitilge ediŋwould that you were heard | oleşitilgey edi eşitilge ediwould that he were heard | bizeşitilgey edik eşitilge edikwould that we were heard | sizeşitilgey edigiz eşitilge edigizwould that you all were heard | alaeşitilgey edile eşitilge edilewould that they were heard |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşitilmegey edim eşitilmege edimwould that I were not heard | seneşitilmegey ediŋ eşitilmege ediŋwould that you were not heard | oleşitilmegey edi eşitilmege ediwould that he were not heard | bizeşitilmegey edik eşitilmege edikwould that we were not heard | sizeşitilmegey edigiz eşitilmege edigizwould that you all were not heard | alaeşitilmegey edile eşitilmege edilewould that they were not heard |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitilmege qoyayımeşitilme qoyayımlet me allow someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoy!eşitilme qoy!let someone be heard! | oleşitilmege qoysuneşitilme qoysunlet him allow someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoyayıqeşitilme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoyuğuz!eşitilme qoyuğuz!let someone be heard, you all! | alaeşitilmege qoysunlaeşitilme qoysunlalet them allow someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitilmege qoymayımeşitilme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoyma!eşitilme qoyma!don't let someone be heard! | oleşitilmege qoymasıneşitilme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoymayıqeşitilme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoymağız!eşitilme qoymağız!don't let someone be heard, you all! | alaeşitilmege qoymasınlaeşitilme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitilmege qoyayımmı?eşitilme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoysunmu?eşitilme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoyayıqmı?eşitilme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoysunlamı?eşitilme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to be heard? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşitilmege qoymayımmı?eşitilme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoymasınmı?eşitilme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoymayıqmı?eşitilme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoymasınlamı?eşitilme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to be heard? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitilmege qoyamaeşitilme qoyamaI allow someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoyasaeşitilme qoyasayou allow someone to be heard | oleşitilmege qoyadıeşitilme qoyadıhe allows someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoyabızeşitilme qoyabızwe allow someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoyasızeşitilme qoyasızyou all allow someone to be heard | alaeşitilmege qoyadılaeşitilme qoyadılathey allow someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitilmege qoymaymaeşitilme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoymaysaeşitilme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to be heard | oleşitilmege qoymaydıeşitilme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoymaybızeşitilme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoymaysızeşitilme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to be heard | alaeşitilmege qoymaydılaeşitilme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitilmege qoyamamı?eşitilme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to be heard? | seneşitilmege qoyamısa?eşitilme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoyamıdı?eşitilme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoyabızmı?eşitilme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to be heard? | sizeşitilmege qoyamısız?eşitilme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoyamıdıla?eşitilme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to be heard? |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşitilmege qoymaymamı?eşitilme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to be heard? | seneşitilmege qoymaymısa?eşitilme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoymaymıdı?eşitilme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoymaybızmı?eşitilme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to be heard? | sizeşitilmege qoymaymısız?eşitilme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoymaymıdıla?eşitilme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to be heard? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitilmege qoydumeşitilme qoydumI allowed someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoyduŋeşitilme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to be heard | oleşitilmege qoydueşitilme qoyduhe allowed someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoyduqeşitilme qoyduqwe allowed someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoyduğuzeşitilme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to be heard | alaeşitilmege qoydulaeşitilme qoydulathey allowed someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitilmege qoymadımeşitilme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to be heard | seneşitilmege qoymadıŋeşitilme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to be heard | oleşitilmege qoymadıeşitilme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to be heard | bizeşitilmege qoymadıqeşitilme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to be heard | sizeşitilmege qoymadığızeşitilme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to be heard | alaeşitilmege qoymadılaeşitilme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to be heard |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitilmege qoydummu?eşitilme qoydummu?did I allow someone to be heard? | seneşitilmege qoyduŋmu?eşitilme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoydumu?eşitilme qoydumu?did he allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoyduqmu?eşitilme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to be heard? | sizeşitilmege qoyduğuzmu?eşitilme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoydulamı?eşitilme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to be heard? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşitilmege qoymadımmı?eşitilme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to be heard? | seneşitilmege qoymadıŋmı?eşitilme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to be heard? | oleşitilmege qoymadımı?eşitilme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to be heard? | bizeşitilmege qoymadıqmı?eşitilme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to be heard? | sizeşitilmege qoymadığızmı?eşitilme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to be heard? | alaeşitilmege qoymadılamı?eşitilme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to be heard? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
eşitilalırğa be able to be heard · eşitilalmazğa be unable to be heard
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | meneşitilalamaI can be heard | seneşitilalasayou can be heard | oleşitilaladıhe can be heard | bizeşitilalabızwe can be heard | sizeşitilalasızyou all can be heard | alaeşitilaladılathey can be heard |
| Ability — present | meneşitilalmaymaI can't be heard | seneşitilalmaysayou can't be heard | oleşitilalmaydıhe can't be heard | bizeşitilalmaybızwe can't be heard | sizeşitilalmaysızyou all can't be heard | alaeşitilalmaydılathey can't be heard |
| Ability — present | meneşitilalamamı? eşitilalamıma?can I be heard? | seneşitilalamısa?can you be heard? | oleşitilalamıdı?can he be heard? | bizeşitilalabızmı? eşitilalamıbız?can we be heard? | sizeşitilalamısız?can you all be heard? | alaeşitilalamıdıla?can they be heard? |
| Ability — present | meneşitilalmaymamı? eşitilalmaymıma?can't I be heard? | seneşitilalmaymısa?can't you be heard? | oleşitilalmaymıdı?can't he be heard? | bizeşitilalmaybızmı? eşitilalmaymıbız?can't we be heard? | sizeşitilalmaymısız?can't you all be heard? | alaeşitilalmaymıdıla?can't they be heard? |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşitilalsamif I can be heard | seneşitilalsaŋif you can be heard | oleşitilalsaif he can be heard | bizeşitilalsaqif we can be heard | sizeşitilalsağızif you all can be heard | alaeşitilalsalaif they can be heard |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşitilalmasamif I can't be heard | seneşitilalmasaŋif you can't be heard | oleşitilalmasaif he can't be heard | bizeşitilalmasaqif we can't be heard | sizeşitilalmasağızif you all can't be heard | alaeşitilalmasalaif they can't be heard |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | meneşitilaldımI was able to be heard | seneşitilaldıŋyou were able to be heard | oleşitilaldıhe was able to be heard | bizeşitilaldıqwe were able to be heard | sizeşitilaldığızyou all were able to be heard | alaeşitilaldılathey were able to be heard |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitilalmadımI could not be heard | seneşitilalmadıŋyou could not be heard | oleşitilalmadıhe could not be heard | bizeşitilalmadıqwe could not be heard | sizeşitilalmadığızyou all could not be heard | alaeşitilalmadılathey could not be heard |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitilaldımmı?was I able to be heard? | seneşitilaldıŋmı?were you able to be heard? | oleşitilaldımı?was he able to be heard? | bizeşitilaldıqmı?were we able to be heard? | sizeşitilaldığızmı?were you all able to be heard? | alaeşitilaldılamı?were they able to be heard? |
| Ability — simple past | meneşitilalmadımmı?couldn't I be heard? | seneşitilalmadıŋmı?couldn't you be heard? | oleşitilalmadımı?couldn't he be heard? | bizeşitilalmadıqmı?couldn't we be heard? | sizeşitilalmadığızmı?couldn't you all be heard? | alaeşitilalmadılamı?couldn't they be heard? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitilalğanmaI have been able to be heard | seneşitilalğansayou have been able to be heard | oleşitilalğandıhe has been able to be heard | bizeşitilalğanbızwe have been able to be heard | sizeşitilalğansızyou all have been able to be heard | alaeşitilalğandılathey have been able to be heard |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitilalmağanmaI haven't been able to be heard | seneşitilalmağansayou haven't been able to be heard | oleşitilalmağandıhe hasn't been able to be heard | bizeşitilalmağanbızwe haven't been able to be heard | sizeşitilalmağansızyou all haven't been able to be heard | alaeşitilalmağandılathey haven't been able to be heard |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitilalğanmamı? eşitilalğanmıma?have I been able to be heard? | seneşitilalğanmısa?have you been able to be heard? | oleşitilalğanmıdı?has he been able to be heard? | bizeşitilalğanbızmı? eşitilalğanmıbız?have we been able to be heard? | sizeşitilalğanmısız?have you all been able to be heard? | alaeşitilalğanmıdıla?have they been able to be heard? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşitilalmağanmamı? eşitilalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to be heard? | seneşitilalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to be heard? | oleşitilalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to be heard? | bizeşitilalmağanbızmı? eşitilalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to be heard? | sizeşitilalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to be heard? | alaeşitilalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to be heard? |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşitilalğan edimeşitilalğanemI had been able to be heard | seneşitilalğan ediŋeşitilalğaneŋyou had been able to be heard | oleşitilalğan edieşitilalğanedhe had been able to be heard | bizeşitilalğan edikeşitilalğanekwe had been able to be heard | sizeşitilalğan edigizeşitilalğanegizyou all had been able to be heard | alaeşitilalğan edileeşitilalğanellethey had been able to be heard |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşitilalmağan edimeşitilalmağanemI hadn't been able to be heard | seneşitilalmağan ediŋeşitilalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to be heard | oleşitilalmağan edieşitilalmağanedhe hadn't been able to be heard | bizeşitilalmağan edikeşitilalmağanekwe hadn't been able to be heard | sizeşitilalmağan edigizeşitilalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to be heard | alaeşitilalmağan edileeşitilalmağanellethey hadn't been able to be heard |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | meneşitilala edimeşitilalaemI could be heard | seneşitilala ediŋeşitilalaeŋyou could be heard | oleşitilala edieşitilalaedhe could be heard | bizeşitilala edikeşitilalaekwe could be heard | sizeşitilala edigizeşitilalaegizyou all could be heard | alaeşitilala edileeşitilalaellethey could be heard |
| Ability — past background | meneşitilalmay edimeşitilalmayemI could not be heard | seneşitilalmay ediŋeşitilalmayeŋyou could not be heard | oleşitilalmay edieşitilalmayedhe could not be heard | bizeşitilalmay edikeşitilalmayekwe could not be heard | sizeşitilalmay edigizeşitilalmayegizyou all could not be heard | alaeşitilalmay edileeşitilalmayellethey could not be heard |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | meneşitilalırmaI will be able to be heard | seneşitilalırsayou will be able to be heard | oleşitilalırhe will be able to be heard | bizeşitilalırbızwe will be able to be heard | sizeşitilalırsızyou all will be able to be heard | alaeşitilalırlathey will be able to be heard |
| Ability — future I | meneşitilalmazmaI won't be able to be heard | seneşitilalmazsayou won't be able to be heard | oleşitilalmazhe won't be able to be heard | bizeşitilalmazbızwe won't be able to be heard | sizeşitilalmazsızyou all won't be able to be heard | alaeşitilalmazlathey won't be able to be heard |
| Ability — future I | meneşitilalırmamı? eşitilalırmıma?will I be able to be heard? | seneşitilalırmısa?will you be able to be heard? | oleşitilalırmı?will he be able to be heard? | bizeşitilalırbızmı? eşitilalırmıbız?will we be able to be heard? | sizeşitilalırmısız?will you all be able to be heard? | alaeşitilalırlamı? eşitilalırmıla?will they be able to be heard? |
| Ability — future I | meneşitilalmazmamı? eşitilalmazmıma?won't I be able to be heard? | seneşitilalmazmısa?won't you be able to be heard? | oleşitilalmazmı?won't he be able to be heard? | bizeşitilalmazbızmı? eşitilalmazmıbız?won't we be able to be heard? | sizeşitilalmazmısız?won't you all be able to be heard? | alaeşitilalmazlamı? eşitilalmazmıla?won't they be able to be heard? |
| Ability — future II | meneşitilallıqmaI am going to be able to be heard | seneşitilallıqsayou are going to be able to be heard | oleşitilallıqdıhe is going to be able to be heard | bizeşitilallıqbızwe are going to be able to be heard | sizeşitilallıqsızyou all are going to be able to be heard | alaeşitilallıqdılathey are going to be able to be heard |
| Ability — future II | meneşitilallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to be heard | seneşitilallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to be heard | oleşitilallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to be heard | bizeşitilallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to be heard | sizeşitilallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to be heard | alaeşitilallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to be heard |
| Ability — future II | meneşitilallıqmamı? eşitilallıqmıma?am I going to be able to be heard? | seneşitilallıqmısa?are you going to be able to be heard? | oleşitilallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to be heard? | bizeşitilallıqbızmı? eşitilallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to be heard? | sizeşitilallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to be heard? | alaeşitilallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to be heard? |
| Ability — future II | meneşitilallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to be heard? | seneşitilallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to be heard? | oleşitilallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to be heard? | bizeşitilallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to be heard? | sizeşitilallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to be heard? | alaeşitilallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to be heard? |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşitilalır edimeşitilalır emI would be able to be heard | seneşitilalır ediŋeşitilalır eŋyou would be able to be heard | oleşitilalır edieşitilalır edhe would be able to be heard | bizeşitilalır edikeşitilalır ekwe would be able to be heard | sizeşitilalır edigizeşitilalır egizyou all would be able to be heard | alaeşitilalır edileeşitilalır ellethey would be able to be heard |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşitilalmaz edimeşitilalmaz emI wouldn't be able to be heard | seneşitilalmaz ediŋeşitilalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to be heard | oleşitilalmaz edieşitilalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to be heard | bizeşitilalmaz edikeşitilalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to be heard | sizeşitilalmaz edigizeşitilalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to be heard | alaeşitilalmaz edileeşitilalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to be heard |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşitilalğıneşitilalğımay you be able to be heard | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşitilalmağıneşitilalmağımay you not be able to be heard | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | meneşitilirge izleymeI want to be heard | seneşitilirge izleyseyou want to be heard | oleşitilirge izleydihe wants to be heard | bizeşitilirge izleybizwe want to be heard | sizeşitilirge izleysizyou all want to be heard | alaeşitilirge izleydilethey want to be heard |
| want to | meneşitilirge izlemeymeI do not want to be heard | seneşitilirge izlemeyseyou do not want to be heard | oleşitilirge izlemeydihe does not want to be heard | bizeşitilirge izlemeybizwe do not want to be heard | sizeşitilirge izlemeysizyou all do not want to be heard | alaeşitilirge izlemeydilethey do not want to be heard |
| would like to | meneşitilirge süemeI would like to be heard | seneşitilirge süeseyou would like to be heard | oleşitilirge süedihe would like to be heard | bizeşitilirge süebizwe would like to be heard | sizeşitilirge süesizyou all would like to be heard | alaeşitilirge süedilethey would like to be heard |
| would like to | meneşitilirge süymeymeI would not like to be heard | seneşitilirge süymeyseyou would not like to be heard | oleşitilirge süymeydihe would not like to be heard | bizeşitilirge süymeybizwe would not like to be heard | sizeşitilirge süymeysizyou all would not like to be heard | alaeşitilirge süymeydilethey would not like to be heard |
| hope to | meneşitilirge umutlanamaI hope to be heard | seneşitilirge umutlanasayou hope to be heard | oleşitilirge umutlanadıhe hopes to be heard | bizeşitilirge umutlanabızwe hope to be heard | sizeşitilirge umutlanasızyou all hope to be heard | alaeşitilirge umutlanadılathey hope to be heard |
| hope to | meneşitilirge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to be heard | seneşitilirge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to be heard | oleşitilirge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to be heard | bizeşitilirge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to be heard | sizeşitilirge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to be heard | alaeşitilirge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to be heard |
| be about to | meneşitilirge deb turamaI am about to be heard | seneşitilirge deb turasayou are about to be heard | oleşitilirge deb turadıhe is about to be heard | bizeşitilirge deb turabızwe are about to be heard | sizeşitilirge deb turasızyou all are about to be heard | alaeşitilirge deb turadılathey are about to be heard |
| be about to | meneşitilirge deb turmaymaI am not about to be heard | seneşitilirge deb turmaysayou are not about to be heard | oleşitilirge deb turmaydıhe is not about to be heard | bizeşitilirge deb turmaybızwe are not about to be heard | sizeşitilirge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to be heard | alaeşitilirge deb turmaydılathey are not about to be heard |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | meneşitilirge kerekmeI need to be heard | seneşitilirge kerekseyou need to be heard | oleşitilirge kerekdihe needs to be heard | bizeşitilirge kerekbizwe need to be heard | sizeşitilirge kereksizyou all need to be heard | alaeşitilirge kerekdilethey need to be heard |
| need to | meneşitilirge kerek tülmeI do not need to be heard | seneşitilirge kerek tülseyou do not need to be heard | oleşitilirge kerek tüldühe does not need to be heard | bizeşitilirge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to be heard | sizeşitilirge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to be heard | alaeşitilirge kerek tüldülethey do not need to be heard |
| have to | menmenŋe eşitilirge tüşediI have to be heard | sensenŋe eşitilirge tüşediyou have to be heard | olaŋa eşitilirge tüşedihe has to be heard | bizbizge eşitilirge tüşediwe have to be heard | sizsizge eşitilirge tüşediyou all have to be heard | alaalağa eşitilirge tüşedithey have to be heard |
| have to | menmenŋe eşitilirge tüşmeydiI do not have to be heard | sensenŋe eşitilirge tüşmeydiyou do not have to be heard | olaŋa eşitilirge tüşmeydihe does not have to be heard | bizbizge eşitilirge tüşmeydiwe do not have to be heard | sizsizge eşitilirge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to be heard | alaalağa eşitilirge tüşmeydithey do not have to be heard |
| be obliged to | meneşitilirge borçlumaI am obliged to be heard | seneşitilirge borçlusayou are obliged to be heard | oleşitilirge borçluduhe is obliged to be heard | bizeşitilirge borçlubuzwe are obliged to be heard | sizeşitilirge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to be heard | alaeşitilirge borçludulathey are obliged to be heard |
| be obliged to | meneşitilirge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to be heard | seneşitilirge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to be heard | oleşitilirge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to be heard | bizeşitilirge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to be heard | sizeşitilirge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to be heard | alaeşitilirge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to be heard |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | meneşitilirge madarım bardıI have a way to be heard | seneşitilirge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to be heard | oleşitilirge madarı bardıhe has a way to be heard | bizeşitilirge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to be heard | sizeşitilirge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to be heard | alaeşitilirge madarları bardıthey have a way to be heard |
| have a way to | meneşitilirge madarım joqduI have no way to be heard | seneşitilirge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to be heard | oleşitilirge madarı joqduhe has no way to be heard | bizeşitilirge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to be heard | sizeşitilirge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to be heard | alaeşitilirge madarları joqduthey have no way to be heard |
| be free to | meneşitilirge erkinligim bardıI am free to be heard | seneşitilirge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to be heard | oleşitilirge erkinligi bardıhe is free to be heard | bizeşitilirge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to be heard | sizeşitilirge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to be heard | alaeşitilirge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to be heard |
| be free to | meneşitilirge erkinligim joqduI am not free to be heard | seneşitilirge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to be heard | oleşitilirge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to be heard | bizeşitilirge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to be heard | sizeşitilirge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to be heard | alaeşitilirge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to be heard |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for me to be heard | sensenŋe eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for you to be heard | olaŋa eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for him to be heard | bizbizge eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for us to be heard | sizsizge eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for you all to be heard | alaalağa eşitilirge bolluqduit is possible for them to be heard |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to be heard | sensenŋe eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to be heard | olaŋa eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to be heard | bizbizge eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to be heard | sizsizge eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to be heard | alaalağa eşitilirge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to be heard |
| be ready to | meneşitilirge hazırmaI am ready to be heard | seneşitilirge hazırsayou are ready to be heard | oleşitilirge hazırdıhe is ready to be heard | bizeşitilirge hazırbızwe are ready to be heard | sizeşitilirge hazırsızyou all are ready to be heard | alaeşitilirge hazırdılathey are ready to be heard |
| be ready to | meneşitilirge hazır tülmeI am not ready to be heard | seneşitilirge hazır tülseyou are not ready to be heard | oleşitilirge hazır tüldühe is not ready to be heard | bizeşitilirge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to be heard | sizeşitilirge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to be heard | alaeşitilirge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to be heard |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | meneşitilirge küreşemeI am trying to be heard | seneşitilirge küreşeseyou are trying to be heard | oleşitilirge küreşedihe is trying to be heard | bizeşitilirge küreşebizwe are trying to be heard | sizeşitilirge küreşesizyou all are trying to be heard | alaeşitilirge küreşedilethey are trying to be heard |
| try to | meneşitilirge küreşmeymeI am not trying to be heard | seneşitilirge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to be heard | oleşitilirge küreşmeydihe is not trying to be heard | bizeşitilirge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to be heard | sizeşitilirge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to be heard | alaeşitilirge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to be heard |
| agree to | meneşitilirge unaymaI agree to be heard | seneşitilirge unaysayou agree to be heard | oleşitilirge unaydıhe agrees to be heard | bizeşitilirge unaybızwe agree to be heard | sizeşitilirge unaysızyou all agree to be heard | alaeşitilirge unaydılathey agree to be heard |
| agree to | meneşitilirge unamaymaI refuse to be heard | seneşitilirge unamaysayou refuse to be heard | oleşitilirge unamaydıhe refuses to be heard | bizeşitilirge unamaybızwe refuse to be heard | sizeşitilirge unamaysızyou all refuse to be heard | alaeşitilirge unamaydılathey refuse to be heard |
| hurry to | meneşitilirge aşığamaI am in a hurry to be heard | seneşitilirge aşığasayou are in a hurry to be heard | oleşitilirge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to be heard | bizeşitilirge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to be heard | sizeşitilirge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to be heard | alaeşitilirge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to be heard |
| hurry to | meneşitilirge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to be heard | seneşitilirge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to be heard | oleşitilirge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to be heard | bizeşitilirge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to be heard | sizeşitilirge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to be heard | alaeşitilirge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to be heard |
| be afraid to | meneşitilirge qorqamaI am afraid to be heard | seneşitilirge qorqasayou are afraid to be heard | oleşitilirge qorqadıhe is afraid to be heard | bizeşitilirge qorqabızwe are afraid to be heard | sizeşitilirge qorqasızyou all are afraid to be heard | alaeşitilirge qorqadılathey are afraid to be heard |
| be afraid to | meneşitilirge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to be heard | seneşitilirge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to be heard | oleşitilirge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to be heard | bizeşitilirge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to be heard | sizeşitilirge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to be heard | alaeşitilirge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to be heard |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | meneşitile bolmazmaI can't be being heard | seneşitile bolmazsayou can't be being heard | oleşitile bolmazhe can't be being heard | bizeşitile bolmazbızwe can't be being heard | sizeşitile bolmazsızyou all can't be being heard | alaeşitile bolmazlathey can't be being heard |
| Inference, present — double negation | meneşitilmey bolmazmaI must be being heard (emphatic) | seneşitilmey bolmazsayou must be being heard (emphatic) | oleşitilmey bolmazhe must be being heard (emphatic) | bizeşitilmey bolmazbızwe must be being heard (emphatic) | sizeşitilmey bolmazsızyou all must be being heard (emphatic) | alaeşitilmey bolmazlathey must be being heard (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | meneşitile turmasamif I don't keep being heard | seneşitile turmasaŋif you don't keep being heard | oleşitile turmasaif he doesn't keep being heard | bizeşitile turmasaqif we don't keep being heard | sizeşitile turmasağızif you all don't keep being heard | alaeşitile turmasalaif they don't keep being heard |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | meneşitile tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of being heard | seneşitile tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of being heard | oleşitile tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of being heard | bizeşitile tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of being heard | sizeşitile tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of being heard | alaeşitile tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of being heard |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | meneşitilmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not being heard (emphatic) | seneşitilmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not being heard (emphatic) | oleşitilmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not being heard (emphatic) | bizeşitilmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not being heard (emphatic) | sizeşitilmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not being heard (emphatic) | alaeşitilmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not being heard (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | meneşitilmey turamaI keep on not being heard | seneşitilmey turasayou keep on not being heard | oleşitilmey turadıhe keeps on not being heard | bizeşitilmey turabızwe keep on not being heard | sizeşitilmey turasızyou all keep on not being heard | alaeşitilmey turadılathey keep on not being heard |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşitilmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not being heard | seneşitilmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not being heard | oleşitilmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not being heard | bizeşitilmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not being heard | sizeşitilmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not being heard | alaeşitilmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not being heard |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşitilmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not being heard? | seneşitilmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not being heard? | oleşitilmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not being heard? | bizeşitilmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not being heard? | sizeşitilmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not being heard? | alaeşitilmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not being heard? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | meneşitilgen bolmazmaI can't have been heard | seneşitilgen bolmazsayou can't have been heard | oleşitilgen bolmazhe can't have been heard | bizeşitilgen bolmazbızwe can't have been heard | sizeşitilgen bolmazsızyou all can't have been heard | alaeşitilgen bolmazlathey can't have been heard |
| Inference — double negation | meneşitilmegen bolmazmaI must have been heard (emphatic) | seneşitilmegen bolmazsayou must have been heard (emphatic) | oleşitilmegen bolmazhe must have been heard (emphatic) | bizeşitilmegen bolmazbızwe must have been heard (emphatic) | sizeşitilmegen bolmazsızyou all must have been heard (emphatic) | alaeşitilmegen bolmazlathey must have been heard (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | meneşitilgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had been heard | seneşitilgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had been heard | oleşitilgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had been heard | bizeşitilgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had been heard | sizeşitilgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had been heard | alaeşitilgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had been heard |
| Counterfactual — double negation | meneşitilmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't been heard | seneşitilmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't been heard | oleşitilmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't been heard | bizeşitilmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't been heard | sizeşitilmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't been heard | alaeşitilmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't been heard |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | meneşitillik bolmazmaI can't be going to be heard | seneşitillik bolmazsayou can't be going to be heard | oleşitillik bolmazhe can't be going to be heard | bizeşitillik bolmazbızwe can't be going to be heard | sizeşitillik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to be heard | alaeşitillik bolmazlathey can't be going to be heard |
| Inference, future — double negation | meneşitilmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to be heard (emphatic) | seneşitilmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to be heard (emphatic) | oleşitilmezlik bolmazhe must be going to be heard (emphatic) | bizeşitilmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to be heard (emphatic) | sizeşitilmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to be heard (emphatic) | alaeşitilmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to be heard (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | meneşitillik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to be heard | seneşitillik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to be heard | oleşitillik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to be heard | bizeşitillik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to be heard | sizeşitillik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to be heard | alaeşitillik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to be heard |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | meneşitilmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to be heard | seneşitilmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to be heard | oleşitilmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to be heard | bizeşitilmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to be heard | sizeşitilmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to be heard | alaeşitilmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to be heard |