bügerge
/byɡerɡe/
1. bend, fold, or incline something — Also used figuratively of age or hardship wearing someone down.
- barmaqnı bügerge — to bend a finger
- ol temir çıbıqnı bükdü — he bent the iron wire
- qağıtnı qıyırın bükdü — she folded the edge of the paper
- jel terekleni başların bügedi — the wind bends the treetops
- qartnı jılla bükgendile — the years have bent the old man
2. persuade or win someone over
- ol anı bügerge küreşdi — he tried to win him over
- kel deb küreşdim, bügalmadım — I tried to persuade him to come but could not
- kesiŋ aythanŋa bügerge — to win someone over to your own view
- qıznı atasın bügerge — to win over the girl's father
3. subdue, break someone's resistance or will one source
- duşmannı bügalmadıla — they could not subdue the enemy
- anı qıyınlıq bügalmadı — hardship could not break him
4. refract light one source
- şişa jarıqnı bügedi — glass refracts light
- suw kün tayaqlanı bügedi — water refracts the sun's rays
Expressions
- ayaq bügerge — dance for joy
- ayaq bükgen — partisan supporter
- belin bügerge — overcome something
Conjugation
Common forms
- bügedihe is bending
- bükdühe bent
- bükgendihe has bent
- bügerhe will bend
- bügerikdihe is going to bend
- büge edihe was bending
- bükseif he bends
- bük!bend!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbügemeI am bending | senbügeseyou are bending | olbügedihe is bending | bizbügebizwe are bending | sizbügesizyou all are bending | alabügedilethey are bending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbükmeymeI am not bending | senbükmeyseyou are not bending | olbükmeydihe is not bending | bizbükmeybizwe are not bending | sizbükmeysizyou all are not bending | alabükmeydilethey are not bending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbügememi? bügemime?am I bending? | senbügemise?are you bending? | olbügemidi?is he bending? | bizbügebizmi? bügemibiz?are we bending? | sizbügemisiz?are you all bending? | alabügemidile?are they bending? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menbükmeymemi? bükmeymime?aren't I bending? | senbükmeymise?aren't you bending? | olbükmeymidi?isn't he bending? | bizbükmeybizmi? bükmeymibiz?aren't we bending? | sizbükmeymisiz?aren't you all bending? | alabükmeymidile?aren't they bending? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbügüwçenmeI usually bend | senbügüwçenseyou usually bend | olbügüwçendihe usually bends | bizbügüwçenbizwe usually bend | sizbügüwçensizyou all usually bend | alabügüwçendilethey usually bend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbükmewçenmeI usually don't bend | senbükmewçenseyou usually don't bend | olbükmewçendihe usually doesn't bend | bizbükmewçenbizwe usually don't bend | sizbükmewçensizyou all usually don't bend | alabükmewçendilethey usually don't bend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbügüwçenmemi? bügüwçenmime?do I usually bend? | senbügüwçenmise?do you usually bend? | olbügüwçenmidi?does he usually bend? | bizbügüwçenbizmi? bügüwçenmibiz?do we usually bend? | sizbügüwçenmisiz?do you all usually bend? | alabügüwçenmidile?do they usually bend? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menbükmewçenmemi? bükmewçenmime?do I usually not bend? | senbükmewçenmise?do you usually not bend? | olbükmewçenmidi?does he usually not bend? | bizbükmewçenbizmi? bükmewçenmibiz?do we usually not bend? | sizbükmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not bend? | alabükmewçenmidile?do they usually not bend? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbügübdühe has bent and remains so | alabügübdülethey have bent and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olbügübmüdü?has he bent? | alabügübmüdüle?have they bent? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbügüb turamaI keep bending | senbügüb turasayou keep bending | olbügüb turadıhe keeps bending | bizbügüb turabızwe keep bending | sizbügüb turasızyou all keep bending | alabügüb turadılathey keep bending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbügüb turmaymaI don't keep bending | senbügüb turmaysayou don't keep bending | olbügüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep bending | bizbügüb turmaybızwe don't keep bending | sizbügüb turmaysızyou all don't keep bending | alabügüb turmaydılathey don't keep bending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbügüb turamamı? bügüb turamıma?do I keep bending? | senbügüb turamısa?do you keep bending? | olbügüb turamıdı?does he keep bending? | bizbügüb turabızmı? bügüb turamıbız?do we keep bending? | sizbügüb turamısız?do you all keep bending? | alabügüb turamıdıla?do they keep bending? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menbügüb turmaymamı? bügüb turmaymıma?don't I keep bending? | senbügüb turmaymısa?don't you keep bending? | olbügüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep bending? | bizbügüb turmaybızmı? bügüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep bending? | sizbügüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep bending? | alabügüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep bending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbüge turamaI am in the middle of bending | senbüge turasayou are in the middle of bending | olbüge turadıhe is in the middle of bending | bizbüge turabızwe are in the middle of bending | sizbüge turasızyou all are in the middle of bending | alabüge turadılathey are in the middle of bending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbüge turmaymaI am not in the middle of bending | senbüge turmaysayou are not in the middle of bending | olbüge turmaydıhe is not in the middle of bending | bizbüge turmaybızwe are not in the middle of bending | sizbüge turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of bending | alabüge turmaydılathey are not in the middle of bending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbüge turamamı? büge turamıma?am I in the middle of bending? | senbüge turamısa?are you in the middle of bending? | olbüge turamıdı?is he in the middle of bending? | bizbüge turabızmı? büge turamıbız?are we in the middle of bending? | sizbüge turamısız?are you all in the middle of bending? | alabüge turamıdıla?are they in the middle of bending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menbüge turmaymamı? büge turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of bending? | senbüge turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of bending? | olbüge turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of bending? | bizbüge turmaybızmı? büge turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of bending? | sizbüge turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of bending? | alabüge turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of bending? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbükdümI bent | senbükdüŋyou bent | olbükdühe bent | bizbükdükwe bent | sizbükdügüzyou all bent | alabükdülethey bent |
| Simple past (definite) | menbükmedimI didn't bend | senbükmediŋyou didn't bend | olbükmedihe didn't bend | bizbükmedikwe didn't bend | sizbükmedigizyou all didn't bend | alabükmedilethey didn't bend |
| Simple past (definite) | menbükdümmü?did I bend? | senbükdüŋmü?did you bend? | olbükdümü?did he bend? | bizbükdükmü?did we bend? | sizbükdügüzmü?did you all bend? | alabükdülemi?did they bend? |
| Simple past (definite) | menbükmedimmi?didn't I bend? | senbükmediŋmi?didn't you bend? | olbükmedimi?didn't he bend? | bizbükmedikmi?didn't we bend? | sizbükmedigizmi?didn't you all bend? | alabükmedilemi?didn't they bend? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbükgenmeI have bent | senbükgenseyou have bent | olbükgendihe has bent | bizbükgenbizwe have bent | sizbükgensizyou all have bent | alabükgendilethey have bent |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbükmegenmeI haven't bent | senbükmegenseyou haven't bent | olbükmegendihe hasn't bent | bizbükmegenbizwe haven't bent | sizbükmegensizyou all haven't bent | alabükmegendilethey haven't bent |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbükgenmemi? bükgenmime?have I bent? | senbükgenmise?have you bent? | olbükgenmidi?has he bent? | bizbükgenbizmi? bükgenmibiz?have we bent? | sizbükgenmisiz?have you all bent? | alabükgenmidile?have they bent? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menbükmegenmemi? bükmegenmime?haven't I bent? | senbükmegenmise?haven't you bent? | olbükmegenmidi?hasn't he bent? | bizbükmegenbizmi? bükmegenmibiz?haven't we bent? | sizbükmegenmisiz?haven't you all bent? | alabükmegenmidile?haven't they bent? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbügüb turdumI kept bending | senbügüb turduŋyou kept bending | olbügüb turduhe kept bending | bizbügüb turduqwe kept bending | sizbügüb turduğuzyou all kept bending | alabügüb turdulathey kept bending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menbügüb turmadımI didn't keep bending | senbügüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep bending | olbügüb turmadıhe didn't keep bending | bizbügüb turmadıqwe didn't keep bending | sizbügüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep bending | alabügüb turmadılathey didn't keep bending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbügermeI will bend | senbügerseyou will bend | olbügerhe will bend | bizbügerbizwe will bend | sizbügersizyou all will bend | alabügerlethey will bend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbükmezmeI won't bend | senbükmezseyou won't bend | olbükmezhe won't bend | bizbükmezbizwe won't bend | sizbükmezsizyou all won't bend | alabükmezlethey won't bend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbügermemi? bügermime?will I bend? | senbügermise?will you bend? | olbügermi?will he bend? | bizbügerbizmi? bügermibiz?will we bend? | sizbügermisiz?will you all bend? | alabügerlemi? bügermile?will they bend? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menbükmezmemi? bükmezmime?won't I bend? | senbükmezmise?won't you bend? | olbükmezmi?won't he bend? | bizbükmezbizmi? bükmezmibiz?won't we bend? | sizbükmezmisiz?won't you all bend? | alabükmezlemi? bükmezmile?won't they bend? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbügerikmeI am going to bend | senbügerikseyou are going to bend | olbügerikdihe is going to bend | bizbügerikbizwe are going to bend | sizbügeriksizyou all are going to bend | alabügerikdilethey are going to bend |
| Definite future (future II) | menbügerik tülmeI am not going to bend | senbügerik tülseyou are not going to bend | olbügerik tüldühe is not going to bend | bizbügerik tülbüzwe are not going to bend | sizbügerik tülsüzyou all are not going to bend | alabügerik tüldülethey are not going to bend |
| Definite future (future II) | menbügerikmemi? bügerikmime?am I going to bend? | senbügerikmise?are you going to bend? | olbügerikmidi?is he going to bend? | bizbügerikbizmi? bügerikmibiz?are we going to bend? | sizbügerikmisiz?are you all going to bend? | alabügerikmidile?are they going to bend? |
| Definite future (future II) | menbügerik tülmüme?aren't I going to bend? | senbügerik tülmüse?aren't you going to bend? | olbügerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to bend? | bizbügerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to bend? | sizbügerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to bend? | alabügerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to bend? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbükgen edimbükgenemI had bent | senbükgen ediŋbükgeneŋyou had bent | olbükgen edibükgenedhe had bent | bizbükgen edikbükgenekwe had bent | sizbükgen edigizbükgenegizyou all had bent | alabükgen edilebükgenellethey had bent |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menbükmegen edimbükmegenemI hadn't bent | senbükmegen ediŋbükmegeneŋyou hadn't bent | olbükmegen edibükmegenedhe hadn't bent | bizbükmegen edikbükmegenekwe hadn't bent | sizbükmegen edigizbükmegenegizyou all hadn't bent | alabükmegen edilebükmegenellethey hadn't bent |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbüge edimbügemI was bending | senbüge ediŋbügeŋyou were bending | olbüge edibügedhe was bending | bizbüge edikbügekwe were bending | sizbüge edigizbügegizyou all were bending | alabüge edilebügellethey were bending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menbükmey edimbükmeyemI wasn't bending | senbükmey ediŋbükmeyeŋyou weren't bending | olbükmey edibükmeyedhe wasn't bending | bizbükmey edikbükmeyekwe weren't bending | sizbükmey edigizbükmeyegizyou all weren't bending | alabükmey edilebükmeyellethey weren't bending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menbügüwçen edimbügüwçenemI used to bend | senbügüwçen ediŋbügüwçeneŋyou used to bend | olbügüwçen edibügüwçenedhe used to bend | bizbügüwçen edikbügüwçenekwe used to bend | sizbügüwçen edigizbügüwçenegizyou all used to bend | alabügüwçen edilebügüwçenellethey used to bend |
| Habitual past (used to) | menbükmewçen edimbükmewçenemI didn't use to bend | senbükmewçen ediŋbükmewçeneŋyou didn't use to bend | olbükmewçen edibükmewçenedhe didn't use to bend | bizbükmewçen edikbükmewçenekwe didn't use to bend | sizbükmewçen edigizbükmewçenegizyou all didn't use to bend | alabükmewçen edilebükmewçenellethey didn't use to bend |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbügüb edihe had bent and remained so | alabügüb edilethey had bent and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olbügüb tül edihe hadn't bent | alabügüb tül edilethey hadn't bent | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbügüb tura edimbügüb turaemI had kept bending | senbügüb tura ediŋbügüb turaeŋyou had kept bending | olbügüb tura edibügüb turaedhe had kept bending | bizbügüb tura edikbügüb turaekwe had kept bending | sizbügüb tura edigizbügüb turaegizyou all had kept bending | alabügüb tura edilebügüb turaellethey had kept bending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menbügüb turmay edimbügüb turmayemI hadn't kept bending | senbügüb turmay ediŋbügüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept bending | olbügüb turmay edibügüb turmayedhe hadn't kept bending | bizbügüb turmay edikbügüb turmayekwe hadn't kept bending | sizbügüb turmay edigizbügüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept bending | alabügüb turmay edilebügüb turmayellethey hadn't kept bending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbüge tura edimbüge turaemI was in the middle of bending | senbüge tura ediŋbüge turaeŋyou were in the middle of bending | olbüge tura edibüge turaedhe was in the middle of bending | bizbüge tura edikbüge turaekwe were in the middle of bending | sizbüge tura edigizbüge turaegizyou all were in the middle of bending | alabüge tura edilebüge turaellethey were in the middle of bending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menbüge turmay edimbüge turmayemI wasn't in the middle of bending | senbüge turmay ediŋbüge turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of bending | olbüge turmay edibüge turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of bending | bizbüge turmay edikbüge turmayekwe weren't in the middle of bending | sizbüge turmay edigizbüge turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of bending | alabüge turmay edilebüge turmayellethey weren't in the middle of bending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menbüger edimbüger emI would bend | senbüger ediŋbüger eŋyou would bend | olbüger edibüger edhe would bend | bizbüger edikbüger ekwe would bend | sizbüger edigizbüger egizyou all would bend | alabüger edilebüger ellethey would bend |
| Conditional result (would) | menbükmez edimbükmez emI wouldn't bend | senbükmez ediŋbükmez eŋyou wouldn't bend | olbükmez edibükmez edhe wouldn't bend | bizbükmez edikbükmez ekwe wouldn't bend | sizbükmez edigizbükmez egizyou all wouldn't bend | alabükmez edilebükmez ellethey wouldn't bend |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbügerik edimbügerik emI would have bent | senbügerik ediŋbügerik eŋyou would have bent | olbügerik edibügerik edhe would have bent | bizbügerik edikbügerik ekwe would have bent | sizbügerik edigizbügerik egizyou all would have bent | alabügerik edilebügerik ellethey would have bent |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menbügerik tül edimbügerik tül emI wouldn't have bent | senbügerik tül ediŋbügerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have bent | olbügerik tül edibügerik tül edhe wouldn't have bent | bizbügerik tül edikbügerik tül ekwe wouldn't have bent | sizbügerik tül edigizbügerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have bent | alabügerik tül edilebügerik tül ellethey wouldn't have bent |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menbüksemif I bend | senbükseŋif you bend | olbükseif he bends | bizbüksekif we bend | sizbüksegizif you all bend | alabükseleif they bend |
| Conditional | menbükmesemif I don't bend | senbükmeseŋif you don't bend | olbükmeseif he doesn't bend | bizbükmesekif we don't bend | sizbükmesegizif you all don't bend | alabükmeseleif they don't bend |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menbüge esemif I am bending | senbüge eseŋif you are bending | olbüge eseif he is bending | bizbüge esekif we are bending | sizbüge esegizif you all are bending | alabüge eseleif they are bending |
| Conditional, present real | menbükmey esemif I am not bending | senbükmey eseŋif you are not bending | olbükmey eseif he is not bending | bizbükmey esekif we are not bending | sizbükmey esegizif you all are not bending | alabükmey eseleif they are not bending |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbüksem edibüksem edif only I bent | senbükseŋ edibükseŋ edif only you bent | olbükse edibüksedif only he bent | bizbüksek edibüksek edif only we bent | sizbüksegiz edibüksegiz edif only you all bent | alabüksele edibükseledif only they bent |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menbükmesem edibükmesem edif only I didn't bend | senbükmeseŋ edibükmeseŋ edif only you didn't bend | olbükmese edibükmesedif only he didn't bend | bizbükmesek edibükmesek edif only we didn't bend | sizbükmesegiz edibükmesegiz edif only you all didn't bend | alabükmesele edibükmeseledif only they didn't bend |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menbügüb tursamif I carry on bending | senbügüb tursaŋif you carry on bending | olbügüb tursaif he carries on bending | bizbügüb tursaqif we carry on bending | sizbügüb tursağızif you all carry on bending | alabügüb tursalaif they carry on bending |
| Durative conditional | menbügüb turmasamif I don't carry on bending | senbügüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on bending | olbügüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on bending | bizbügüb turmasaqif we don't carry on bending | sizbügüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on bending | alabügüb turmasalaif they don't carry on bending |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menbügüb tura esemif I have kept bending | senbügüb tura eseŋif you have kept bending | olbügüb tura eseif he has kept bending | bizbügüb tura esekif we have kept bending | sizbügüb tura esegizif you all have kept bending | alabügüb tura eseleif they have kept bending |
| Durative conditional, present real | menbügüb turmay esemif I haven't kept bending | senbügüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept bending | olbügüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept bending | bizbügüb turmay esekif we haven't kept bending | sizbügüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept bending | alabügüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept bending |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menbüge tursamif I keep bending | senbüge tursaŋif you keep bending | olbüge tursaif he keeps bending | bizbüge tursaqif we keep bending | sizbüge tursağızif you all keep bending | alabüge tursalaif they keep bending |
| Progressive conditional | menbükmey tursamif I keep on not bending | senbükmey tursaŋif you keep on not bending | olbükmey tursaif he keeps on not bending | bizbükmey tursaqif we keep on not bending | sizbükmey tursağızif you all keep on not bending | alabükmey tursalaif they keep on not bending |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbüge tura esemif I am in the middle of bending | senbüge tura eseŋif you are in the middle of bending | olbüge tura eseif he is in the middle of bending | bizbüge tura esekif we are in the middle of bending | sizbüge tura esegizif you all are in the middle of bending | alabüge tura eseleif they are in the middle of bending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menbükmey tura esemif I keep on not bending | senbükmey tura eseŋif you keep on not bending | olbükmey tura eseif he keeps on not bending | bizbükmey tura esekif we keep on not bending | sizbükmey tura esegizif you all keep on not bending | alabükmey tura eseleif they keep on not bending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbükdüm esemif I bent | senbükdüŋ eseŋif you bent | olbükdü eseif he bent | bizbükdük esekif we bent | sizbükdügüz esegizif you all bent | alabükdüle eseleif they bent |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menbükmedim esemif I didn't bend | senbükmediŋ eseŋif you didn't bend | olbükmedi eseif he didn't bend | bizbükmedik esekif we didn't bend | sizbükmedigiz esegizif you all didn't bend | alabükmedile eseleif they didn't bend |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menbükgen esemif I did bend (indeed) | senbükgen eseŋif you did bend (indeed) | olbükgen eseif he did bend (indeed) | bizbükgen esekif we did bend (indeed) | sizbükgen esegizif you all did bend (indeed) | alabükgen eseleif they did bend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menbükmegen esemif I didn't bend (indeed) | senbükmegen eseŋif you didn't bend (indeed) | olbükmegen eseif he didn't bend (indeed) | bizbükmegen esekif we didn't bend (indeed) | sizbükmegen esegizif you all didn't bend (indeed) | alabükmegen eseleif they didn't bend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbükgen bolsamif I had bent | senbükgen bolsaŋif you had bent | olbükgen bolsaif he had bent | bizbükgen bolsaqif we had bent | sizbükgen bolsağızif you all had bent | alabükgen bolsalaif they had bent |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menbükmegen bolsamif I hadn't bent | senbükmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't bent | olbükmegen bolsaif he hadn't bent | bizbükmegen bolsaqif we hadn't bent | sizbükmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't bent | alabükmegen bolsalaif they hadn't bent |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbükgen bolsam edibükgen bolsam edif only I had bent | senbükgen bolsaŋ edibükgen bolsaŋ edif only you had bent | olbükgen bolsa edibükgen bolsaedif only he had bent | bizbükgen bolsaq edibükgen bolsaq edif only we had bent | sizbükgen bolsağız edibükgen bolsağız edif only you all had bent | alabükgen bolsala edibükgen bolsalaedif only they had bent |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menbükmegen bolsam edibükmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't bent | senbükmegen bolsaŋ edibükmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't bent | olbükmegen bolsa edibükmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't bent | bizbükmegen bolsaq edibükmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't bent | sizbükmegen bolsağız edibükmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't bent | alabükmegen bolsala edibükmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't bent |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menbüger esemif I will bend | senbüger eseŋif you will bend | olbüger eseif he will bend | bizbüger esekif we will bend | sizbüger esegizif you all will bend | alabüger eseleif they will bend |
| Conditional, aorist | menbükmez esemif I won't bend | senbükmez eseŋif you won't bend | olbükmez eseif he won't bend | bizbükmez esekif we won't bend | sizbükmez esegizif you all won't bend | alabükmez eseleif they won't bend |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menbügerik esemif I am going to bend | senbügerik eseŋif you are going to bend | olbügerik eseif he is going to bend | bizbügerik esekif we are going to bend | sizbügerik esegizif you all are going to bend | alabügerik eseleif they are going to bend |
| Conditional, future | menbügerik tül esemif I am not going to bend | senbügerik tül eseŋif you are not going to bend | olbügerik tül eseif he is not going to bend | bizbügerik tül esekif we are not going to bend | sizbügerik tül esegizif you all are not going to bend | alabügerik tül eseleif they are not going to bend |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbügerik bolsamif I were going to bend | senbügerik bolsaŋif you were going to bend | olbügerik bolsaif he were going to bend | bizbügerik bolsaqif we were going to bend | sizbügerik bolsağızif you all were going to bend | alabügerik bolsalaif they were going to bend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menbükmezlik bolsamif I were not going to bend | senbükmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to bend | olbükmezlik bolsaif he were not going to bend | bizbükmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to bend | sizbükmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to bend | alabükmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to bend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso bükdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbüge bolurmaI must be bending | senbüge bolursayou must be bending | olbüge bolurhe must be bending | bizbüge bolurbuzwe must be bending | sizbüge bolursuzyou all must be bending | alabüge bolurlathey must be bending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menbükmey bolurmaI must not be bending | senbükmey bolursayou must not be bending | olbükmey bolurhe must not be bending | bizbükmey bolurbuzwe must not be bending | sizbükmey bolursuzyou all must not be bending | alabükmey bolurlathey must not be bending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbüge tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of bending | senbüge tura bolursayou must be in the middle of bending | olbüge tura bolurhe must be in the middle of bending | bizbüge tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of bending | sizbüge tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of bending | alabüge tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of bending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menbükmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not bending | senbükmey tura bolursayou must keep on not bending | olbükmey tura bolurhe must keep on not bending | bizbükmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not bending | sizbükmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not bending | alabükmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not bending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menbükgen bolurmaI must have bent | senbükgen bolursayou must have bent | olbükgen bolurhe must have bent | bizbükgen bolurbuzwe must have bent | sizbükgen bolursuzyou all must have bent | alabükgen bolurlathey must have bent |
| Inference (must have) | menbükmegen bolurmaI must not have bent | senbükmegen bolursayou must not have bent | olbükmegen bolurhe must not have bent | bizbükmegen bolurbuzwe must not have bent | sizbükmegen bolursuzyou all must not have bent | alabükmegen bolurlathey must not have bent |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbügerik bolurmaI must be going to bend | senbügerik bolursayou must be going to bend | olbügerik bolurhe must be going to bend | bizbügerik bolurbuzwe must be going to bend | sizbügerik bolursuzyou all must be going to bend | alabügerik bolurlathey must be going to bend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menbükmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to bend | senbükmezlik bolursayou must not be going to bend | olbükmezlik bolurhe must not be going to bend | bizbükmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to bend | sizbükmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to bend | alabükmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to bend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menbügeyimlet me bend | senbük!bend! | olbüksünlet him bend | bizbügeyiklet's bend | sizbügügüz!bend, you all! | alabüksünlelet them bend |
| Commands & suggestions | menbükmeyimlet me not bend | senbükme!don't bend! | olbükmesinlet him not bend | bizbükmeyiklet's not bend | sizbükmegiz!don't bend, you all! | alabükmesinlelet them not bend |
| Commands & suggestions | menbügeyimmi?shall I bend? | olbüksünmü?should he bend? | bizbügeyikmi?shall we bend? | alabüksünlemi?should they bend? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menbükmeyimmi?shall I not bend? | olbükmesinmi?should he not bend? | bizbükmeyikmi?shall we not bend? | alabükmesinlemi?should they not bend? | ||
| Requests | senbükçü2bükçünplease bend | olbüksünçüdo let him bend | sizbükçügüzplease bend (plural/polite) | alabüksünleçido let them bend | ||
| Requests | senbükmeçi2bükmeçinplease don't bend | olbükmesinçido let him not bend | sizbükmeçigizplease don't bend (plural/polite) | alabükmesinleçido let them not bend | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbükgünbükgümay you bend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senbükmeginbükmegimay you not bend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbükgey edim bükge edimwould that I bent | senbükgey ediŋ bükge ediŋwould that you bent | olbükgey edi bükge ediwould that he bent | bizbükgey edik bükge edikwould that we bent | sizbükgey edigiz bükge edigizwould that you all bent | alabükgey edile bükge edilewould that they bent |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menbükmegey edim bükmege edimwould that I did not bend | senbükmegey ediŋ bükmege ediŋwould that you did not bend | olbükmegey edi bükmege ediwould that he did not bend | bizbükmegey edik bükmege edikwould that we did not bend | sizbükmegey edigiz bükmege edigizwould that you all did not bend | alabükmegey edile bükmege edilewould that they did not bend |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbükmege qoyayımbükme qoyayımlet me allow someone to bend | senbükmege qoy!bükme qoy!let someone bend! | olbükmege qoysunbükme qoysunlet him allow someone to bend | bizbükmege qoyayıqbükme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to bend | sizbükmege qoyuğuz!bükme qoyuğuz!let someone bend, you all! | alabükmege qoysunlabükme qoysunlalet them allow someone to bend |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbükmege qoymayımbükme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to bend | senbükmege qoyma!bükme qoyma!don't let someone bend! | olbükmege qoymasınbükme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to bend | bizbükmege qoymayıqbükme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to bend | sizbükmege qoymağız!bükme qoymağız!don't let someone bend, you all! | alabükmege qoymasınlabükme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to bend |
| Let someone… (commands) | menbükmege qoyayımmı?bükme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoysunmu?bükme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoyayıqmı?bükme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoysunlamı?bükme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to bend? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menbükmege qoymayımmı?bükme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoymasınmı?bükme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoymayıqmı?bükme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoymasınlamı?bükme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to bend? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menbükmege qoyamabükme qoyamaI allow someone to bend | senbükmege qoyasabükme qoyasayou allow someone to bend | olbükmege qoyadıbükme qoyadıhe allows someone to bend | bizbükmege qoyabızbükme qoyabızwe allow someone to bend | sizbükmege qoyasızbükme qoyasızyou all allow someone to bend | alabükmege qoyadılabükme qoyadılathey allow someone to bend |
| Let someone… (present) | menbükmege qoymaymabükme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to bend | senbükmege qoymaysabükme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to bend | olbükmege qoymaydıbükme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to bend | bizbükmege qoymaybızbükme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to bend | sizbükmege qoymaysızbükme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to bend | alabükmege qoymaydılabükme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to bend |
| Let someone… (present) | menbükmege qoyamamı?bükme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to bend? | senbükmege qoyamısa?bükme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoyamıdı?bükme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoyabızmı?bükme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to bend? | sizbükmege qoyamısız?bükme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoyamıdıla?bükme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to bend? |
| Let someone… (present) | menbükmege qoymaymamı?bükme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to bend? | senbükmege qoymaymısa?bükme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoymaymıdı?bükme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoymaybızmı?bükme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to bend? | sizbükmege qoymaymısız?bükme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoymaymıdıla?bükme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to bend? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbükmege qoydumbükme qoydumI allowed someone to bend | senbükmege qoyduŋbükme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to bend | olbükmege qoydubükme qoyduhe allowed someone to bend | bizbükmege qoyduqbükme qoyduqwe allowed someone to bend | sizbükmege qoyduğuzbükme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to bend | alabükmege qoydulabükme qoydulathey allowed someone to bend |
| Let someone… (past) | menbükmege qoymadımbükme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to bend | senbükmege qoymadıŋbükme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to bend | olbükmege qoymadıbükme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to bend | bizbükmege qoymadıqbükme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to bend | sizbükmege qoymadığızbükme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to bend | alabükmege qoymadılabükme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to bend |
| Let someone… (past) | menbükmege qoydummu?bükme qoydummu?did I allow someone to bend? | senbükmege qoyduŋmu?bükme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoydumu?bükme qoydumu?did he allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoyduqmu?bükme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to bend? | sizbükmege qoyduğuzmu?bükme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoydulamı?bükme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to bend? |
| Let someone… (past) | menbükmege qoymadımmı?bükme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to bend? | senbükmege qoymadıŋmı?bükme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to bend? | olbükmege qoymadımı?bükme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to bend? | bizbükmege qoymadıqmı?bükme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to bend? | sizbükmege qoymadığızmı?bükme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to bend? | alabükmege qoymadılamı?bükme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to bend? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
bügalırğa be able to bend · bügalmazğa be unable to bend
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menbügalamaI can bend | senbügalasayou can bend | olbügaladıhe can bend | bizbügalabızwe can bend | sizbügalasızyou all can bend | alabügaladılathey can bend |
| Ability — present | menbügalmaymaI can't bend | senbügalmaysayou can't bend | olbügalmaydıhe can't bend | bizbügalmaybızwe can't bend | sizbügalmaysızyou all can't bend | alabügalmaydılathey can't bend |
| Ability — present | menbügalamamı? bügalamıma?can I bend? | senbügalamısa?can you bend? | olbügalamıdı?can he bend? | bizbügalabızmı? bügalamıbız?can we bend? | sizbügalamısız?can you all bend? | alabügalamıdıla?can they bend? |
| Ability — present | menbügalmaymamı? bügalmaymıma?can't I bend? | senbügalmaymısa?can't you bend? | olbügalmaymıdı?can't he bend? | bizbügalmaybızmı? bügalmaymıbız?can't we bend? | sizbügalmaymısız?can't you all bend? | alabügalmaymıdıla?can't they bend? |
| Ability — if I can… | menbügalsamif I can bend | senbügalsaŋif you can bend | olbügalsaif he can bend | bizbügalsaqif we can bend | sizbügalsağızif you all can bend | alabügalsalaif they can bend |
| Ability — if I can… | menbügalmasamif I can't bend | senbügalmasaŋif you can't bend | olbügalmasaif he can't bend | bizbügalmasaqif we can't bend | sizbügalmasağızif you all can't bend | alabügalmasalaif they can't bend |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menbügaldımI was able to bend | senbügaldıŋyou were able to bend | olbügaldıhe was able to bend | bizbügaldıqwe were able to bend | sizbügaldığızyou all were able to bend | alabügaldılathey were able to bend |
| Ability — simple past | menbügalmadımI could not bend | senbügalmadıŋyou could not bend | olbügalmadıhe could not bend | bizbügalmadıqwe could not bend | sizbügalmadığızyou all could not bend | alabügalmadılathey could not bend |
| Ability — simple past | menbügaldımmı?was I able to bend? | senbügaldıŋmı?were you able to bend? | olbügaldımı?was he able to bend? | bizbügaldıqmı?were we able to bend? | sizbügaldığızmı?were you all able to bend? | alabügaldılamı?were they able to bend? |
| Ability — simple past | menbügalmadımmı?couldn't I bend? | senbügalmadıŋmı?couldn't you bend? | olbügalmadımı?couldn't he bend? | bizbügalmadıqmı?couldn't we bend? | sizbügalmadığızmı?couldn't you all bend? | alabügalmadılamı?couldn't they bend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbügalğanmaI have been able to bend | senbügalğansayou have been able to bend | olbügalğandıhe has been able to bend | bizbügalğanbızwe have been able to bend | sizbügalğansızyou all have been able to bend | alabügalğandılathey have been able to bend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbügalmağanmaI haven't been able to bend | senbügalmağansayou haven't been able to bend | olbügalmağandıhe hasn't been able to bend | bizbügalmağanbızwe haven't been able to bend | sizbügalmağansızyou all haven't been able to bend | alabügalmağandılathey haven't been able to bend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbügalğanmamı? bügalğanmıma?have I been able to bend? | senbügalğanmısa?have you been able to bend? | olbügalğanmıdı?has he been able to bend? | bizbügalğanbızmı? bügalğanmıbız?have we been able to bend? | sizbügalğanmısız?have you all been able to bend? | alabügalğanmıdıla?have they been able to bend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menbügalmağanmamı? bügalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to bend? | senbügalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to bend? | olbügalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to bend? | bizbügalmağanbızmı? bügalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to bend? | sizbügalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to bend? | alabügalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to bend? |
| Ability — past perfect | menbügalğan edimbügalğanemI had been able to bend | senbügalğan ediŋbügalğaneŋyou had been able to bend | olbügalğan edibügalğanedhe had been able to bend | bizbügalğan edikbügalğanekwe had been able to bend | sizbügalğan edigizbügalğanegizyou all had been able to bend | alabügalğan edilebügalğanellethey had been able to bend |
| Ability — past perfect | menbügalmağan edimbügalmağanemI hadn't been able to bend | senbügalmağan ediŋbügalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to bend | olbügalmağan edibügalmağanedhe hadn't been able to bend | bizbügalmağan edikbügalmağanekwe hadn't been able to bend | sizbügalmağan edigizbügalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to bend | alabügalmağan edilebügalmağanellethey hadn't been able to bend |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menbügala edimbügalaemI could bend | senbügala ediŋbügalaeŋyou could bend | olbügala edibügalaedhe could bend | bizbügala edikbügalaekwe could bend | sizbügala edigizbügalaegizyou all could bend | alabügala edilebügalaellethey could bend |
| Ability — past background | menbügalmay edimbügalmayemI could not bend | senbügalmay ediŋbügalmayeŋyou could not bend | olbügalmay edibügalmayedhe could not bend | bizbügalmay edikbügalmayekwe could not bend | sizbügalmay edigizbügalmayegizyou all could not bend | alabügalmay edilebügalmayellethey could not bend |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menbügalırmaI will be able to bend | senbügalırsayou will be able to bend | olbügalırhe will be able to bend | bizbügalırbızwe will be able to bend | sizbügalırsızyou all will be able to bend | alabügalırlathey will be able to bend |
| Ability — future I | menbügalmazmaI won't be able to bend | senbügalmazsayou won't be able to bend | olbügalmazhe won't be able to bend | bizbügalmazbızwe won't be able to bend | sizbügalmazsızyou all won't be able to bend | alabügalmazlathey won't be able to bend |
| Ability — future I | menbügalırmamı? bügalırmıma?will I be able to bend? | senbügalırmısa?will you be able to bend? | olbügalırmı?will he be able to bend? | bizbügalırbızmı? bügalırmıbız?will we be able to bend? | sizbügalırmısız?will you all be able to bend? | alabügalırlamı? bügalırmıla?will they be able to bend? |
| Ability — future I | menbügalmazmamı? bügalmazmıma?won't I be able to bend? | senbügalmazmısa?won't you be able to bend? | olbügalmazmı?won't he be able to bend? | bizbügalmazbızmı? bügalmazmıbız?won't we be able to bend? | sizbügalmazmısız?won't you all be able to bend? | alabügalmazlamı? bügalmazmıla?won't they be able to bend? |
| Ability — future II | menbügallıqmaI am going to be able to bend | senbügallıqsayou are going to be able to bend | olbügallıqdıhe is going to be able to bend | bizbügallıqbızwe are going to be able to bend | sizbügallıqsızyou all are going to be able to bend | alabügallıqdılathey are going to be able to bend |
| Ability — future II | menbügallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to bend | senbügallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to bend | olbügallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to bend | bizbügallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to bend | sizbügallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to bend | alabügallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to bend |
| Ability — future II | menbügallıqmamı? bügallıqmıma?am I going to be able to bend? | senbügallıqmısa?are you going to be able to bend? | olbügallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to bend? | bizbügallıqbızmı? bügallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to bend? | sizbügallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to bend? | alabügallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to bend? |
| Ability — future II | menbügallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to bend? | senbügallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to bend? | olbügallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to bend? | bizbügallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to bend? | sizbügallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to bend? | alabügallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to bend? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbügalır edimbügalır emI would be able to bend | senbügalır ediŋbügalır eŋyou would be able to bend | olbügalır edibügalır edhe would be able to bend | bizbügalır edikbügalır ekwe would be able to bend | sizbügalır edigizbügalır egizyou all would be able to bend | alabügalır edilebügalır ellethey would be able to bend |
| Ability — would be able to… | menbügalmaz edimbügalmaz emI wouldn't be able to bend | senbügalmaz ediŋbügalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to bend | olbügalmaz edibügalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to bend | bizbügalmaz edikbügalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to bend | sizbügalmaz edigizbügalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to bend | alabügalmaz edilebügalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to bend |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbügalğınbügalğımay you be able to bend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senbügalmağınbügalmağımay you not be able to bend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menbügerge izleymeI want to bend | senbügerge izleyseyou want to bend | olbügerge izleydihe wants to bend | bizbügerge izleybizwe want to bend | sizbügerge izleysizyou all want to bend | alabügerge izleydilethey want to bend |
| want to | menbügerge izlemeymeI do not want to bend | senbügerge izlemeyseyou do not want to bend | olbügerge izlemeydihe does not want to bend | bizbügerge izlemeybizwe do not want to bend | sizbügerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to bend | alabügerge izlemeydilethey do not want to bend |
| would like to | menbügerge süemeI would like to bend | senbügerge süeseyou would like to bend | olbügerge süedihe would like to bend | bizbügerge süebizwe would like to bend | sizbügerge süesizyou all would like to bend | alabügerge süedilethey would like to bend |
| would like to | menbügerge süymeymeI would not like to bend | senbügerge süymeyseyou would not like to bend | olbügerge süymeydihe would not like to bend | bizbügerge süymeybizwe would not like to bend | sizbügerge süymeysizyou all would not like to bend | alabügerge süymeydilethey would not like to bend |
| hope to | menbügerge umutlanamaI hope to bend | senbügerge umutlanasayou hope to bend | olbügerge umutlanadıhe hopes to bend | bizbügerge umutlanabızwe hope to bend | sizbügerge umutlanasızyou all hope to bend | alabügerge umutlanadılathey hope to bend |
| hope to | menbügerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to bend | senbügerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to bend | olbügerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to bend | bizbügerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to bend | sizbügerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to bend | alabügerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to bend |
| be about to | menbügerge deb turamaI am about to bend | senbügerge deb turasayou are about to bend | olbügerge deb turadıhe is about to bend | bizbügerge deb turabızwe are about to bend | sizbügerge deb turasızyou all are about to bend | alabügerge deb turadılathey are about to bend |
| be about to | menbügerge deb turmaymaI am not about to bend | senbügerge deb turmaysayou are not about to bend | olbügerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to bend | bizbügerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to bend | sizbügerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to bend | alabügerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to bend |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menbügerge kerekmeI need to bend | senbügerge kerekseyou need to bend | olbügerge kerekdihe needs to bend | bizbügerge kerekbizwe need to bend | sizbügerge kereksizyou all need to bend | alabügerge kerekdilethey need to bend |
| need to | menbügerge kerek tülmeI do not need to bend | senbügerge kerek tülseyou do not need to bend | olbügerge kerek tüldühe does not need to bend | bizbügerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to bend | sizbügerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to bend | alabügerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to bend |
| have to | menmenŋe bügerge tüşediI have to bend | sensenŋe bügerge tüşediyou have to bend | olaŋa bügerge tüşedihe has to bend | bizbizge bügerge tüşediwe have to bend | sizsizge bügerge tüşediyou all have to bend | alaalağa bügerge tüşedithey have to bend |
| have to | menmenŋe bügerge tüşmeydiI do not have to bend | sensenŋe bügerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to bend | olaŋa bügerge tüşmeydihe does not have to bend | bizbizge bügerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to bend | sizsizge bügerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to bend | alaalağa bügerge tüşmeydithey do not have to bend |
| be obliged to | menbügerge borçlumaI am obliged to bend | senbügerge borçlusayou are obliged to bend | olbügerge borçluduhe is obliged to bend | bizbügerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to bend | sizbügerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to bend | alabügerge borçludulathey are obliged to bend |
| be obliged to | menbügerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to bend | senbügerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to bend | olbügerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to bend | bizbügerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to bend | sizbügerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to bend | alabügerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to bend |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menbügerge madarım bardıI have a way to bend | senbügerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to bend | olbügerge madarı bardıhe has a way to bend | bizbügerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to bend | sizbügerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to bend | alabügerge madarları bardıthey have a way to bend |
| have a way to | menbügerge madarım joqduI have no way to bend | senbügerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to bend | olbügerge madarı joqduhe has no way to bend | bizbügerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to bend | sizbügerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to bend | alabügerge madarları joqduthey have no way to bend |
| be free to | menbügerge erkinligim bardıI am free to bend | senbügerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to bend | olbügerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to bend | bizbügerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to bend | sizbügerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to bend | alabügerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to bend |
| be free to | menbügerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to bend | senbügerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to bend | olbügerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to bend | bizbügerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to bend | sizbügerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to bend | alabügerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to bend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bügerge bolluqduit is possible for me to bend | sensenŋe bügerge bolluqduit is possible for you to bend | olaŋa bügerge bolluqduit is possible for him to bend | bizbizge bügerge bolluqduit is possible for us to bend | sizsizge bügerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to bend | alaalağa bügerge bolluqduit is possible for them to bend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to bend | sensenŋe bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to bend | olaŋa bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to bend | bizbizge bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to bend | sizsizge bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to bend | alaalağa bügerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to bend |
| be ready to | menbügerge hazırmaI am ready to bend | senbügerge hazırsayou are ready to bend | olbügerge hazırdıhe is ready to bend | bizbügerge hazırbızwe are ready to bend | sizbügerge hazırsızyou all are ready to bend | alabügerge hazırdılathey are ready to bend |
| be ready to | menbügerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to bend | senbügerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to bend | olbügerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to bend | bizbügerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to bend | sizbügerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to bend | alabügerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to bend |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menbügerge küreşemeI am trying to bend | senbügerge küreşeseyou are trying to bend | olbügerge küreşedihe is trying to bend | bizbügerge küreşebizwe are trying to bend | sizbügerge küreşesizyou all are trying to bend | alabügerge küreşedilethey are trying to bend |
| try to | menbügerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to bend | senbügerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to bend | olbügerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to bend | bizbügerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to bend | sizbügerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to bend | alabügerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to bend |
| agree to | menbügerge unaymaI agree to bend | senbügerge unaysayou agree to bend | olbügerge unaydıhe agrees to bend | bizbügerge unaybızwe agree to bend | sizbügerge unaysızyou all agree to bend | alabügerge unaydılathey agree to bend |
| agree to | menbügerge unamaymaI refuse to bend | senbügerge unamaysayou refuse to bend | olbügerge unamaydıhe refuses to bend | bizbügerge unamaybızwe refuse to bend | sizbügerge unamaysızyou all refuse to bend | alabügerge unamaydılathey refuse to bend |
| hurry to | menbügerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to bend | senbügerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to bend | olbügerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to bend | bizbügerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to bend | sizbügerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to bend | alabügerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to bend |
| hurry to | menbügerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to bend | senbügerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to bend | olbügerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to bend | bizbügerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to bend | sizbügerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to bend | alabügerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to bend |
| be afraid to | menbügerge qorqamaI am afraid to bend | senbügerge qorqasayou are afraid to bend | olbügerge qorqadıhe is afraid to bend | bizbügerge qorqabızwe are afraid to bend | sizbügerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to bend | alabügerge qorqadılathey are afraid to bend |
| be afraid to | menbügerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to bend | senbügerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to bend | olbügerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to bend | bizbügerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to bend | sizbügerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to bend | alabügerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to bend |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menbüge bolmazmaI can't be bending | senbüge bolmazsayou can't be bending | olbüge bolmazhe can't be bending | bizbüge bolmazbızwe can't be bending | sizbüge bolmazsızyou all can't be bending | alabüge bolmazlathey can't be bending |
| Inference, present — double negation | menbükmey bolmazmaI must be bending (emphatic) | senbükmey bolmazsayou must be bending (emphatic) | olbükmey bolmazhe must be bending (emphatic) | bizbükmey bolmazbızwe must be bending (emphatic) | sizbükmey bolmazsızyou all must be bending (emphatic) | alabükmey bolmazlathey must be bending (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menbüge turmasamif I don't keep bending | senbüge turmasaŋif you don't keep bending | olbüge turmasaif he doesn't keep bending | bizbüge turmasaqif we don't keep bending | sizbüge turmasağızif you all don't keep bending | alabüge turmasalaif they don't keep bending |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menbüge tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of bending | senbüge tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of bending | olbüge tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of bending | bizbüge tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of bending | sizbüge tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of bending | alabüge tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of bending |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menbükmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not bending (emphatic) | senbükmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not bending (emphatic) | olbükmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not bending (emphatic) | bizbükmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not bending (emphatic) | sizbükmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not bending (emphatic) | alabükmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not bending (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menbükmey turamaI keep on not bending | senbükmey turasayou keep on not bending | olbükmey turadıhe keeps on not bending | bizbükmey turabızwe keep on not bending | sizbükmey turasızyou all keep on not bending | alabükmey turadılathey keep on not bending |
| Progressive — double negation | menbükmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not bending | senbükmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not bending | olbükmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not bending | bizbükmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not bending | sizbükmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not bending | alabükmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not bending |
| Progressive — double negation | menbükmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not bending? | senbükmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not bending? | olbükmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not bending? | bizbükmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not bending? | sizbükmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not bending? | alabükmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not bending? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menbükgen bolmazmaI can't have bent | senbükgen bolmazsayou can't have bent | olbükgen bolmazhe can't have bent | bizbükgen bolmazbızwe can't have bent | sizbükgen bolmazsızyou all can't have bent | alabükgen bolmazlathey can't have bent |
| Inference — double negation | menbükmegen bolmazmaI must have bent (emphatic) | senbükmegen bolmazsayou must have bent (emphatic) | olbükmegen bolmazhe must have bent (emphatic) | bizbükmegen bolmazbızwe must have bent (emphatic) | sizbükmegen bolmazsızyou all must have bent (emphatic) | alabükmegen bolmazlathey must have bent (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menbükgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had bent | senbükgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had bent | olbükgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had bent | bizbükgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had bent | sizbükgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had bent | alabükgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had bent |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menbükmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't bent | senbükmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't bent | olbükmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't bent | bizbükmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't bent | sizbükmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't bent | alabükmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't bent |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menbügerik bolmazmaI can't be going to bend | senbügerik bolmazsayou can't be going to bend | olbügerik bolmazhe can't be going to bend | bizbügerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to bend | sizbügerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to bend | alabügerik bolmazlathey can't be going to bend |
| Inference, future — double negation | menbükmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to bend (emphatic) | senbükmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to bend (emphatic) | olbükmezlik bolmazhe must be going to bend (emphatic) | bizbükmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to bend (emphatic) | sizbükmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to bend (emphatic) | alabükmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to bend (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menbügerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to bend | senbügerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to bend | olbügerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to bend | bizbügerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to bend | sizbügerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to bend | alabügerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to bend |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menbükmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to bend | senbükmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to bend | olbükmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to bend | bizbükmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to bend | sizbükmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to bend | alabükmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to bend |