ıŋırdarğa
/ɯŋɯrdarʁa/
1. low, moo — Said of a cow.
- iynek ıŋırdaydı — the cow is lowing
- iynekle ıŋırdaydıla — the cows are lowing
- terk-terk ıŋırdaydıla — they low again and again
- ıŋırdab başlarğa — to begin to low
2. whimper, fuss, make whiny sounds — Said of a baby or small child.
- sabiyçik ıŋırdaydı, tübün jibitgen bolur — the baby is whimpering, he must have wet himself
- sabiyçikni ıŋırdağanı keledi — the baby's whimpering can be heard
3. mumble, mutter, speak indistinctly
- neleni ıŋırdaydı? — what is he mumbling?
- ne ese da ıŋırday edi — he was mumbling something
- bir zatlanı ıŋırdadı — he mumbled some things
- ıŋırdab söleşirge — to speak in a mumble
- ol ıŋırdaydı — he is muttering
4. hint at, remind of, keep bringing up
- aŋa ıŋırdab turadı — he keeps hinting at it
- har zamanda ol işge ıŋırdaydı — he keeps hinting at that matter all the time
- ıŋırdab esge salırğa — to remind by hinting
Conjugation
Common forms
- ıŋırdaydıhe is lowing
- ıŋırdadıhe lowed
- ıŋırdağandıhe has lowed
- ıŋırdarhe will low
- ıŋırdarıqdıhe is going to low
- ıŋırday edihe was lowing
- ıŋırdasaif he lows
- ıŋırda!low!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menıŋırdaymaI am lowing | senıŋırdaysayou are lowing | olıŋırdaydıhe is lowing | bizıŋırdaybızwe are lowing | sizıŋırdaysızyou all are lowing | alaıŋırdaydılathey are lowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menıŋırdamaymaI am not lowing | senıŋırdamaysayou are not lowing | olıŋırdamaydıhe is not lowing | bizıŋırdamaybızwe are not lowing | sizıŋırdamaysızyou all are not lowing | alaıŋırdamaydılathey are not lowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menıŋırdaymamı? ıŋırdaymıma?am I lowing? | senıŋırdaymısa?are you lowing? | olıŋırdaymıdı?is he lowing? | bizıŋırdaybızmı? ıŋırdaymıbız?are we lowing? | sizıŋırdaymısız?are you all lowing? | alaıŋırdaymıdıla?are they lowing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menıŋırdamaymamı? ıŋırdamaymıma?aren't I lowing? | senıŋırdamaymısa?aren't you lowing? | olıŋırdamaymıdı?isn't he lowing? | bizıŋırdamaybızmı? ıŋırdamaymıbız?aren't we lowing? | sizıŋırdamaymısız?aren't you all lowing? | alaıŋırdamaymıdıla?aren't they lowing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menıŋırdawçanmaI usually low | senıŋırdawçansayou usually low | olıŋırdawçandıhe usually lows | bizıŋırdawçanbızwe usually low | sizıŋırdawçansızyou all usually low | alaıŋırdawçandılathey usually low |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menıŋırdamawçanmaI usually don't low | senıŋırdamawçansayou usually don't low | olıŋırdamawçandıhe usually doesn't low | bizıŋırdamawçanbızwe usually don't low | sizıŋırdamawçansızyou all usually don't low | alaıŋırdamawçandılathey usually don't low |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menıŋırdawçanmamı? ıŋırdawçanmıma?do I usually low? | senıŋırdawçanmısa?do you usually low? | olıŋırdawçanmıdı?does he usually low? | bizıŋırdawçanbızmı? ıŋırdawçanmıbız?do we usually low? | sizıŋırdawçanmısız?do you all usually low? | alaıŋırdawçanmıdıla?do they usually low? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menıŋırdamawçanmamı? ıŋırdamawçanmıma?do I usually not low? | senıŋırdamawçanmısa?do you usually not low? | olıŋırdamawçanmıdı?does he usually not low? | bizıŋırdamawçanbızmı? ıŋırdamawçanmıbız?do we usually not low? | sizıŋırdamawçanmısız?do you all usually not low? | alaıŋırdamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not low? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olıŋırdabdıhe has lowed and remains so | alaıŋırdabdılathey have lowed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olıŋırdabmıdı?has he lowed? | alaıŋırdabmıdıla?have they lowed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menıŋırdab turamaI keep lowing | senıŋırdab turasayou keep lowing | olıŋırdab turadıhe keeps lowing | bizıŋırdab turabızwe keep lowing | sizıŋırdab turasızyou all keep lowing | alaıŋırdab turadılathey keep lowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menıŋırdab turmaymaI don't keep lowing | senıŋırdab turmaysayou don't keep lowing | olıŋırdab turmaydıhe doesn't keep lowing | bizıŋırdab turmaybızwe don't keep lowing | sizıŋırdab turmaysızyou all don't keep lowing | alaıŋırdab turmaydılathey don't keep lowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menıŋırdab turamamı? ıŋırdab turamıma?do I keep lowing? | senıŋırdab turamısa?do you keep lowing? | olıŋırdab turamıdı?does he keep lowing? | bizıŋırdab turabızmı? ıŋırdab turamıbız?do we keep lowing? | sizıŋırdab turamısız?do you all keep lowing? | alaıŋırdab turamıdıla?do they keep lowing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menıŋırdab turmaymamı? ıŋırdab turmaymıma?don't I keep lowing? | senıŋırdab turmaymısa?don't you keep lowing? | olıŋırdab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep lowing? | bizıŋırdab turmaybızmı? ıŋırdab turmaymıbız?don't we keep lowing? | sizıŋırdab turmaymısız?don't you all keep lowing? | alaıŋırdab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep lowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menıŋırday turamaI am in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday turasayou are in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday turadıhe is in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday turabızwe are in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday turasızyou all are in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday turadılathey are in the middle of lowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menıŋırday turmaymaI am not in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday turmaysayou are not in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday turmaydıhe is not in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday turmaybızwe are not in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday turmaydılathey are not in the middle of lowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menıŋırday turamamı? ıŋırday turamıma?am I in the middle of lowing? | senıŋırday turamısa?are you in the middle of lowing? | olıŋırday turamıdı?is he in the middle of lowing? | bizıŋırday turabızmı? ıŋırday turamıbız?are we in the middle of lowing? | sizıŋırday turamısız?are you all in the middle of lowing? | alaıŋırday turamıdıla?are they in the middle of lowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menıŋırday turmaymamı? ıŋırday turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of lowing? | senıŋırday turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of lowing? | olıŋırday turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of lowing? | bizıŋırday turmaybızmı? ıŋırday turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of lowing? | sizıŋırday turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of lowing? | alaıŋırday turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of lowing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menıŋırdadımI lowed | senıŋırdadıŋyou lowed | olıŋırdadıhe lowed | bizıŋırdadıqwe lowed | sizıŋırdadığızyou all lowed | alaıŋırdadılathey lowed |
| Simple past (definite) | menıŋırdamadımI didn't low | senıŋırdamadıŋyou didn't low | olıŋırdamadıhe didn't low | bizıŋırdamadıqwe didn't low | sizıŋırdamadığızyou all didn't low | alaıŋırdamadılathey didn't low |
| Simple past (definite) | menıŋırdadımmı?did I low? | senıŋırdadıŋmı?did you low? | olıŋırdadımı?did he low? | bizıŋırdadıqmı?did we low? | sizıŋırdadığızmı?did you all low? | alaıŋırdadılamı?did they low? |
| Simple past (definite) | menıŋırdamadımmı?didn't I low? | senıŋırdamadıŋmı?didn't you low? | olıŋırdamadımı?didn't he low? | bizıŋırdamadıqmı?didn't we low? | sizıŋırdamadığızmı?didn't you all low? | alaıŋırdamadılamı?didn't they low? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menıŋırdağanmaI have lowed | senıŋırdağansayou have lowed | olıŋırdağandıhe has lowed | bizıŋırdağanbızwe have lowed | sizıŋırdağansızyou all have lowed | alaıŋırdağandılathey have lowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menıŋırdamağanmaI haven't lowed | senıŋırdamağansayou haven't lowed | olıŋırdamağandıhe hasn't lowed | bizıŋırdamağanbızwe haven't lowed | sizıŋırdamağansızyou all haven't lowed | alaıŋırdamağandılathey haven't lowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menıŋırdağanmamı? ıŋırdağanmıma?have I lowed? | senıŋırdağanmısa?have you lowed? | olıŋırdağanmıdı?has he lowed? | bizıŋırdağanbızmı? ıŋırdağanmıbız?have we lowed? | sizıŋırdağanmısız?have you all lowed? | alaıŋırdağanmıdıla?have they lowed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menıŋırdamağanmamı? ıŋırdamağanmıma?haven't I lowed? | senıŋırdamağanmısa?haven't you lowed? | olıŋırdamağanmıdı?hasn't he lowed? | bizıŋırdamağanbızmı? ıŋırdamağanmıbız?haven't we lowed? | sizıŋırdamağanmısız?haven't you all lowed? | alaıŋırdamağanmıdıla?haven't they lowed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menıŋırdab turdumI kept lowing | senıŋırdab turduŋyou kept lowing | olıŋırdab turduhe kept lowing | bizıŋırdab turduqwe kept lowing | sizıŋırdab turduğuzyou all kept lowing | alaıŋırdab turdulathey kept lowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menıŋırdab turmadımI didn't keep lowing | senıŋırdab turmadıŋyou didn't keep lowing | olıŋırdab turmadıhe didn't keep lowing | bizıŋırdab turmadıqwe didn't keep lowing | sizıŋırdab turmadığızyou all didn't keep lowing | alaıŋırdab turmadılathey didn't keep lowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menıŋırdarmaI will low | senıŋırdarsayou will low | olıŋırdarhe will low | bizıŋırdarbızwe will low | sizıŋırdarsızyou all will low | alaıŋırdarlathey will low |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menıŋırdamazmaI won't low | senıŋırdamazsayou won't low | olıŋırdamazhe won't low | bizıŋırdamazbızwe won't low | sizıŋırdamazsızyou all won't low | alaıŋırdamazlathey won't low |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menıŋırdarmamı? ıŋırdarmıma?will I low? | senıŋırdarmısa?will you low? | olıŋırdarmı?will he low? | bizıŋırdarbızmı? ıŋırdarmıbız?will we low? | sizıŋırdarmısız?will you all low? | alaıŋırdarlamı? ıŋırdarmıla?will they low? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menıŋırdamazmamı? ıŋırdamazmıma?won't I low? | senıŋırdamazmısa?won't you low? | olıŋırdamazmı?won't he low? | bizıŋırdamazbızmı? ıŋırdamazmıbız?won't we low? | sizıŋırdamazmısız?won't you all low? | alaıŋırdamazlamı? ıŋırdamazmıla?won't they low? |
| Definite future (future II) | menıŋırdarıqmaI am going to low | senıŋırdarıqsayou are going to low | olıŋırdarıqdıhe is going to low | bizıŋırdarıqbızwe are going to low | sizıŋırdarıqsızyou all are going to low | alaıŋırdarıqdılathey are going to low |
| Definite future (future II) | menıŋırdarıq tülmeI am not going to low | senıŋırdarıq tülseyou are not going to low | olıŋırdarıq tüldühe is not going to low | bizıŋırdarıq tülbüzwe are not going to low | sizıŋırdarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to low | alaıŋırdarıq tüldülethey are not going to low |
| Definite future (future II) | menıŋırdarıqmamı? ıŋırdarıqmıma?am I going to low? | senıŋırdarıqmısa?are you going to low? | olıŋırdarıqmıdı?is he going to low? | bizıŋırdarıqbızmı? ıŋırdarıqmıbız?are we going to low? | sizıŋırdarıqmısız?are you all going to low? | alaıŋırdarıqmıdıla?are they going to low? |
| Definite future (future II) | menıŋırdarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to low? | senıŋırdarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to low? | olıŋırdarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to low? | bizıŋırdarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to low? | sizıŋırdarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to low? | alaıŋırdarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to low? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menıŋırdağan edimıŋırdağanemI had lowed | senıŋırdağan ediŋıŋırdağaneŋyou had lowed | olıŋırdağan ediıŋırdağanedhe had lowed | bizıŋırdağan edikıŋırdağanekwe had lowed | sizıŋırdağan edigizıŋırdağanegizyou all had lowed | alaıŋırdağan edileıŋırdağanellethey had lowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menıŋırdamağan edimıŋırdamağanemI hadn't lowed | senıŋırdamağan ediŋıŋırdamağaneŋyou hadn't lowed | olıŋırdamağan ediıŋırdamağanedhe hadn't lowed | bizıŋırdamağan edikıŋırdamağanekwe hadn't lowed | sizıŋırdamağan edigizıŋırdamağanegizyou all hadn't lowed | alaıŋırdamağan edileıŋırdamağanellethey hadn't lowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menıŋırday edimıŋırdayemI was lowing | senıŋırday ediŋıŋırdayeŋyou were lowing | olıŋırday ediıŋırdayedhe was lowing | bizıŋırday edikıŋırdayekwe were lowing | sizıŋırday edigizıŋırdayegizyou all were lowing | alaıŋırday edileıŋırdayellethey were lowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menıŋırdamay edimıŋırdamayemI wasn't lowing | senıŋırdamay ediŋıŋırdamayeŋyou weren't lowing | olıŋırdamay ediıŋırdamayedhe wasn't lowing | bizıŋırdamay edikıŋırdamayekwe weren't lowing | sizıŋırdamay edigizıŋırdamayegizyou all weren't lowing | alaıŋırdamay edileıŋırdamayellethey weren't lowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menıŋırdawçan edimıŋırdawçanemI used to low | senıŋırdawçan ediŋıŋırdawçaneŋyou used to low | olıŋırdawçan ediıŋırdawçanedhe used to low | bizıŋırdawçan edikıŋırdawçanekwe used to low | sizıŋırdawçan edigizıŋırdawçanegizyou all used to low | alaıŋırdawçan edileıŋırdawçanellethey used to low |
| Habitual past (used to) | menıŋırdamawçan edimıŋırdamawçanemI didn't use to low | senıŋırdamawçan ediŋıŋırdamawçaneŋyou didn't use to low | olıŋırdamawçan ediıŋırdamawçanedhe didn't use to low | bizıŋırdamawçan edikıŋırdamawçanekwe didn't use to low | sizıŋırdamawçan edigizıŋırdamawçanegizyou all didn't use to low | alaıŋırdamawçan edileıŋırdamawçanellethey didn't use to low |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olıŋırdab edihe had lowed and remained so | alaıŋırdab edilethey had lowed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olıŋırdab tül edihe hadn't lowed | alaıŋırdab tül edilethey hadn't lowed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menıŋırdab tura edimıŋırdab turaemI had kept lowing | senıŋırdab tura ediŋıŋırdab turaeŋyou had kept lowing | olıŋırdab tura ediıŋırdab turaedhe had kept lowing | bizıŋırdab tura edikıŋırdab turaekwe had kept lowing | sizıŋırdab tura edigizıŋırdab turaegizyou all had kept lowing | alaıŋırdab tura edileıŋırdab turaellethey had kept lowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menıŋırdab turmay edimıŋırdab turmayemI hadn't kept lowing | senıŋırdab turmay ediŋıŋırdab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept lowing | olıŋırdab turmay ediıŋırdab turmayedhe hadn't kept lowing | bizıŋırdab turmay edikıŋırdab turmayekwe hadn't kept lowing | sizıŋırdab turmay edigizıŋırdab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept lowing | alaıŋırdab turmay edileıŋırdab turmayellethey hadn't kept lowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menıŋırday tura edimıŋırday turaemI was in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday tura ediŋıŋırday turaeŋyou were in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday tura ediıŋırday turaedhe was in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday tura edikıŋırday turaekwe were in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday tura edigizıŋırday turaegizyou all were in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday tura edileıŋırday turaellethey were in the middle of lowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menıŋırday turmay edimıŋırday turmayemI wasn't in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday turmay ediŋıŋırday turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday turmay ediıŋırday turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday turmay edikıŋırday turmayekwe weren't in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday turmay edigizıŋırday turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday turmay edileıŋırday turmayellethey weren't in the middle of lowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menıŋırdar edimıŋırdar emI would low | senıŋırdar ediŋıŋırdar eŋyou would low | olıŋırdar ediıŋırdar edhe would low | bizıŋırdar edikıŋırdar ekwe would low | sizıŋırdar edigizıŋırdar egizyou all would low | alaıŋırdar edileıŋırdar ellethey would low |
| Conditional result (would) | menıŋırdamaz edimıŋırdamaz emI wouldn't low | senıŋırdamaz ediŋıŋırdamaz eŋyou wouldn't low | olıŋırdamaz ediıŋırdamaz edhe wouldn't low | bizıŋırdamaz edikıŋırdamaz ekwe wouldn't low | sizıŋırdamaz edigizıŋırdamaz egizyou all wouldn't low | alaıŋırdamaz edileıŋırdamaz ellethey wouldn't low |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menıŋırdarıq edimıŋırdarıq emI would have lowed | senıŋırdarıq ediŋıŋırdarıq eŋyou would have lowed | olıŋırdarıq ediıŋırdarıq edhe would have lowed | bizıŋırdarıq edikıŋırdarıq ekwe would have lowed | sizıŋırdarıq edigizıŋırdarıq egizyou all would have lowed | alaıŋırdarıq edileıŋırdarıq ellethey would have lowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menıŋırdarıq tül edimıŋırdarıq tül emI wouldn't have lowed | senıŋırdarıq tül ediŋıŋırdarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have lowed | olıŋırdarıq tül ediıŋırdarıq tül edhe wouldn't have lowed | bizıŋırdarıq tül edikıŋırdarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have lowed | sizıŋırdarıq tül edigizıŋırdarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have lowed | alaıŋırdarıq tül edileıŋırdarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have lowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menıŋırdasamif I low | senıŋırdasaŋif you low | olıŋırdasaif he lows | bizıŋırdasaqif we low | sizıŋırdasağızif you all low | alaıŋırdasalaif they low |
| Conditional | menıŋırdamasamif I don't low | senıŋırdamasaŋif you don't low | olıŋırdamasaif he doesn't low | bizıŋırdamasaqif we don't low | sizıŋırdamasağızif you all don't low | alaıŋırdamasalaif they don't low |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menıŋırday esemif I am lowing | senıŋırday eseŋif you are lowing | olıŋırday eseif he is lowing | bizıŋırday esekif we are lowing | sizıŋırday esegizif you all are lowing | alaıŋırday eseleif they are lowing |
| Conditional, present real | menıŋırdamay esemif I am not lowing | senıŋırdamay eseŋif you are not lowing | olıŋırdamay eseif he is not lowing | bizıŋırdamay esekif we are not lowing | sizıŋırdamay esegizif you all are not lowing | alaıŋırdamay eseleif they are not lowing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menıŋırdasam ediıŋırdasam edif only I lowed | senıŋırdasaŋ ediıŋırdasaŋ edif only you lowed | olıŋırdasa ediıŋırdasaedif only he lowed | bizıŋırdasaq ediıŋırdasaq edif only we lowed | sizıŋırdasağız ediıŋırdasağız edif only you all lowed | alaıŋırdasala ediıŋırdasalaedif only they lowed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menıŋırdamasam ediıŋırdamasam edif only I didn't low | senıŋırdamasaŋ ediıŋırdamasaŋ edif only you didn't low | olıŋırdamasa ediıŋırdamasaedif only he didn't low | bizıŋırdamasaq ediıŋırdamasaq edif only we didn't low | sizıŋırdamasağız ediıŋırdamasağız edif only you all didn't low | alaıŋırdamasala ediıŋırdamasalaedif only they didn't low |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menıŋırdab tursamif I carry on lowing | senıŋırdab tursaŋif you carry on lowing | olıŋırdab tursaif he carries on lowing | bizıŋırdab tursaqif we carry on lowing | sizıŋırdab tursağızif you all carry on lowing | alaıŋırdab tursalaif they carry on lowing |
| Durative conditional | menıŋırdab turmasamif I don't carry on lowing | senıŋırdab turmasaŋif you don't carry on lowing | olıŋırdab turmasaif he doesn't carry on lowing | bizıŋırdab turmasaqif we don't carry on lowing | sizıŋırdab turmasağızif you all don't carry on lowing | alaıŋırdab turmasalaif they don't carry on lowing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menıŋırdab tura esemif I have kept lowing | senıŋırdab tura eseŋif you have kept lowing | olıŋırdab tura eseif he has kept lowing | bizıŋırdab tura esekif we have kept lowing | sizıŋırdab tura esegizif you all have kept lowing | alaıŋırdab tura eseleif they have kept lowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menıŋırdab turmay esemif I haven't kept lowing | senıŋırdab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept lowing | olıŋırdab turmay eseif he hasn't kept lowing | bizıŋırdab turmay esekif we haven't kept lowing | sizıŋırdab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept lowing | alaıŋırdab turmay eseleif they haven't kept lowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menıŋırday tursamif I keep lowing | senıŋırday tursaŋif you keep lowing | olıŋırday tursaif he keeps lowing | bizıŋırday tursaqif we keep lowing | sizıŋırday tursağızif you all keep lowing | alaıŋırday tursalaif they keep lowing |
| Progressive conditional | menıŋırdamay tursamif I keep on not lowing | senıŋırdamay tursaŋif you keep on not lowing | olıŋırdamay tursaif he keeps on not lowing | bizıŋırdamay tursaqif we keep on not lowing | sizıŋırdamay tursağızif you all keep on not lowing | alaıŋırdamay tursalaif they keep on not lowing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menıŋırday tura esemif I am in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday tura eseŋif you are in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday tura eseif he is in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday tura esekif we are in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday tura esegizif you all are in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday tura eseleif they are in the middle of lowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menıŋırdamay tura esemif I keep on not lowing | senıŋırdamay tura eseŋif you keep on not lowing | olıŋırdamay tura eseif he keeps on not lowing | bizıŋırdamay tura esekif we keep on not lowing | sizıŋırdamay tura esegizif you all keep on not lowing | alaıŋırdamay tura eseleif they keep on not lowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menıŋırdadım esemif I lowed | senıŋırdadıŋ eseŋif you lowed | olıŋırdadı eseif he lowed | bizıŋırdadıq esekif we lowed | sizıŋırdadığız esegizif you all lowed | alaıŋırdadıla eseleif they lowed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menıŋırdamadım esemif I didn't low | senıŋırdamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't low | olıŋırdamadı eseif he didn't low | bizıŋırdamadıq esekif we didn't low | sizıŋırdamadığız esegizif you all didn't low | alaıŋırdamadıla eseleif they didn't low |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menıŋırdağan esemif I did low (indeed) | senıŋırdağan eseŋif you did low (indeed) | olıŋırdağan eseif he did low (indeed) | bizıŋırdağan esekif we did low (indeed) | sizıŋırdağan esegizif you all did low (indeed) | alaıŋırdağan eseleif they did low (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menıŋırdamağan esemif I didn't low (indeed) | senıŋırdamağan eseŋif you didn't low (indeed) | olıŋırdamağan eseif he didn't low (indeed) | bizıŋırdamağan esekif we didn't low (indeed) | sizıŋırdamağan esegizif you all didn't low (indeed) | alaıŋırdamağan eseleif they didn't low (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menıŋırdağan bolsamif I had lowed | senıŋırdağan bolsaŋif you had lowed | olıŋırdağan bolsaif he had lowed | bizıŋırdağan bolsaqif we had lowed | sizıŋırdağan bolsağızif you all had lowed | alaıŋırdağan bolsalaif they had lowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menıŋırdamağan bolsamif I hadn't lowed | senıŋırdamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't lowed | olıŋırdamağan bolsaif he hadn't lowed | bizıŋırdamağan bolsaqif we hadn't lowed | sizıŋırdamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't lowed | alaıŋırdamağan bolsalaif they hadn't lowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menıŋırdağan bolsam ediıŋırdağan bolsam edif only I had lowed | senıŋırdağan bolsaŋ ediıŋırdağan bolsaŋ edif only you had lowed | olıŋırdağan bolsa ediıŋırdağan bolsaedif only he had lowed | bizıŋırdağan bolsaq ediıŋırdağan bolsaq edif only we had lowed | sizıŋırdağan bolsağız ediıŋırdağan bolsağız edif only you all had lowed | alaıŋırdağan bolsala ediıŋırdağan bolsalaedif only they had lowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menıŋırdamağan bolsam ediıŋırdamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't lowed | senıŋırdamağan bolsaŋ ediıŋırdamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't lowed | olıŋırdamağan bolsa ediıŋırdamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't lowed | bizıŋırdamağan bolsaq ediıŋırdamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't lowed | sizıŋırdamağan bolsağız ediıŋırdamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't lowed | alaıŋırdamağan bolsala ediıŋırdamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't lowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menıŋırdar esemif I will low | senıŋırdar eseŋif you will low | olıŋırdar eseif he will low | bizıŋırdar esekif we will low | sizıŋırdar esegizif you all will low | alaıŋırdar eseleif they will low |
| Conditional, aorist | menıŋırdamaz esemif I won't low | senıŋırdamaz eseŋif you won't low | olıŋırdamaz eseif he won't low | bizıŋırdamaz esekif we won't low | sizıŋırdamaz esegizif you all won't low | alaıŋırdamaz eseleif they won't low |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menıŋırdarıq esemif I am going to low | senıŋırdarıq eseŋif you are going to low | olıŋırdarıq eseif he is going to low | bizıŋırdarıq esekif we are going to low | sizıŋırdarıq esegizif you all are going to low | alaıŋırdarıq eseleif they are going to low |
| Conditional, future | menıŋırdarıq tül esemif I am not going to low | senıŋırdarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to low | olıŋırdarıq tül eseif he is not going to low | bizıŋırdarıq tül esekif we are not going to low | sizıŋırdarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to low | alaıŋırdarıq tül eseleif they are not going to low |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menıŋırdarıq bolsamif I were going to low | senıŋırdarıq bolsaŋif you were going to low | olıŋırdarıq bolsaif he were going to low | bizıŋırdarıq bolsaqif we were going to low | sizıŋırdarıq bolsağızif you all were going to low | alaıŋırdarıq bolsalaif they were going to low |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menıŋırdamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to low | senıŋırdamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to low | olıŋırdamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to low | bizıŋırdamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to low | sizıŋırdamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to low | alaıŋırdamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to low |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso ıŋırdadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menıŋırday bolurmaI must be lowing | senıŋırday bolursayou must be lowing | olıŋırday bolurhe must be lowing | bizıŋırday bolurbuzwe must be lowing | sizıŋırday bolursuzyou all must be lowing | alaıŋırday bolurlathey must be lowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menıŋırdamay bolurmaI must not be lowing | senıŋırdamay bolursayou must not be lowing | olıŋırdamay bolurhe must not be lowing | bizıŋırdamay bolurbuzwe must not be lowing | sizıŋırdamay bolursuzyou all must not be lowing | alaıŋırdamay bolurlathey must not be lowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menıŋırday tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday tura bolursayou must be in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday tura bolurhe must be in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of lowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menıŋırdamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not lowing | senıŋırdamay tura bolursayou must keep on not lowing | olıŋırdamay tura bolurhe must keep on not lowing | bizıŋırdamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not lowing | sizıŋırdamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not lowing | alaıŋırdamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not lowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menıŋırdağan bolurmaI must have lowed | senıŋırdağan bolursayou must have lowed | olıŋırdağan bolurhe must have lowed | bizıŋırdağan bolurbuzwe must have lowed | sizıŋırdağan bolursuzyou all must have lowed | alaıŋırdağan bolurlathey must have lowed |
| Inference (must have) | menıŋırdamağan bolurmaI must not have lowed | senıŋırdamağan bolursayou must not have lowed | olıŋırdamağan bolurhe must not have lowed | bizıŋırdamağan bolurbuzwe must not have lowed | sizıŋırdamağan bolursuzyou all must not have lowed | alaıŋırdamağan bolurlathey must not have lowed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menıŋırdarıq bolurmaI must be going to low | senıŋırdarıq bolursayou must be going to low | olıŋırdarıq bolurhe must be going to low | bizıŋırdarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to low | sizıŋırdarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to low | alaıŋırdarıq bolurlathey must be going to low |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menıŋırdamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to low | senıŋırdamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to low | olıŋırdamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to low | bizıŋırdamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to low | sizıŋırdamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to low | alaıŋırdamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to low |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menıŋırdayımlet me low | senıŋırda!low! | olıŋırdasınlet him low | bizıŋırdayıqlet's low | sizıŋırdağız!low, you all! | alaıŋırdasınlalet them low |
| Commands & suggestions | menıŋırdamayımlet me not low | senıŋırdama!don't low! | olıŋırdamasınlet him not low | bizıŋırdamayıqlet's not low | sizıŋırdamağız!don't low, you all! | alaıŋırdamasınlalet them not low |
| Commands & suggestions | menıŋırdayımmı?shall I low? | olıŋırdasınmı?should he low? | bizıŋırdayıqmı?shall we low? | alaıŋırdasınlamı?should they low? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menıŋırdamayımmı?shall I not low? | olıŋırdamasınmı?should he not low? | bizıŋırdamayıqmı?shall we not low? | alaıŋırdamasınlamı?should they not low? | ||
| Requests | senıŋırdaçı2ıŋırdaçınplease low | olıŋırdasınçıdo let him low | sizıŋırdaçığızplease low (plural/polite) | alaıŋırdasınlaçıdo let them low | ||
| Requests | senıŋırdamaçı2ıŋırdamaçınplease don't low | olıŋırdamasınçıdo let him not low | sizıŋırdamaçığızplease don't low (plural/polite) | alaıŋırdamasınlaçıdo let them not low | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senıŋırdağınıŋırdağımay you low | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senıŋırdamağınıŋırdamağımay you not low | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menıŋırdağay edim ıŋırdağa edimwould that I lowed | senıŋırdağay ediŋ ıŋırdağa ediŋwould that you lowed | olıŋırdağay edi ıŋırdağa ediwould that he lowed | bizıŋırdağay edik ıŋırdağa edikwould that we lowed | sizıŋırdağay edigiz ıŋırdağa edigizwould that you all lowed | alaıŋırdağay edile ıŋırdağa edilewould that they lowed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menıŋırdamağay edim ıŋırdamağa edimwould that I did not low | senıŋırdamağay ediŋ ıŋırdamağa ediŋwould that you did not low | olıŋırdamağay edi ıŋırdamağa ediwould that he did not low | bizıŋırdamağay edik ıŋırdamağa edikwould that we did not low | sizıŋırdamağay edigiz ıŋırdamağa edigizwould that you all did not low | alaıŋırdamağay edile ıŋırdamağa edilewould that they did not low |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menıŋırdamağa qoyayımıŋırdama qoyayımlet me allow someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoy!ıŋırdama qoy!let someone low! | olıŋırdamağa qoysunıŋırdama qoysunlet him allow someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoyayıqıŋırdama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoyuğuz!ıŋırdama qoyuğuz!let someone low, you all! | alaıŋırdamağa qoysunlaıŋırdama qoysunlalet them allow someone to low |
| Let someone… (commands) | menıŋırdamağa qoymayımıŋırdama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoyma!ıŋırdama qoyma!don't let someone low! | olıŋırdamağa qoymasınıŋırdama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoymayıqıŋırdama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoymağız!ıŋırdama qoymağız!don't let someone low, you all! | alaıŋırdamağa qoymasınlaıŋırdama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to low |
| Let someone… (commands) | menıŋırdamağa qoyayımmı?ıŋırdama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoysunmu?ıŋırdama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoyayıqmı?ıŋırdama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoysunlamı?ıŋırdama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to low? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menıŋırdamağa qoymayımmı?ıŋırdama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoymasınmı?ıŋırdama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoymayıqmı?ıŋırdama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoymasınlamı?ıŋırdama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to low? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menıŋırdamağa qoyamaıŋırdama qoyamaI allow someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoyasaıŋırdama qoyasayou allow someone to low | olıŋırdamağa qoyadııŋırdama qoyadıhe allows someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoyabızıŋırdama qoyabızwe allow someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoyasızıŋırdama qoyasızyou all allow someone to low | alaıŋırdamağa qoyadılaıŋırdama qoyadılathey allow someone to low |
| Let someone… (present) | menıŋırdamağa qoymaymaıŋırdama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoymaysaıŋırdama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to low | olıŋırdamağa qoymaydııŋırdama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoymaybızıŋırdama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoymaysızıŋırdama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to low | alaıŋırdamağa qoymaydılaıŋırdama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to low |
| Let someone… (present) | menıŋırdamağa qoyamamı?ıŋırdama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to low? | senıŋırdamağa qoyamısa?ıŋırdama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoyamıdı?ıŋırdama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoyabızmı?ıŋırdama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to low? | sizıŋırdamağa qoyamısız?ıŋırdama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoyamıdıla?ıŋırdama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to low? |
| Let someone… (present) | menıŋırdamağa qoymaymamı?ıŋırdama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to low? | senıŋırdamağa qoymaymısa?ıŋırdama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoymaymıdı?ıŋırdama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoymaybızmı?ıŋırdama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to low? | sizıŋırdamağa qoymaymısız?ıŋırdama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoymaymıdıla?ıŋırdama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to low? |
| Let someone… (past) | menıŋırdamağa qoydumıŋırdama qoydumI allowed someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoyduŋıŋırdama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to low | olıŋırdamağa qoyduıŋırdama qoyduhe allowed someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoyduqıŋırdama qoyduqwe allowed someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoyduğuzıŋırdama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to low | alaıŋırdamağa qoydulaıŋırdama qoydulathey allowed someone to low |
| Let someone… (past) | menıŋırdamağa qoymadımıŋırdama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to low | senıŋırdamağa qoymadıŋıŋırdama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to low | olıŋırdamağa qoymadııŋırdama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to low | bizıŋırdamağa qoymadıqıŋırdama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to low | sizıŋırdamağa qoymadığızıŋırdama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to low | alaıŋırdamağa qoymadılaıŋırdama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to low |
| Let someone… (past) | menıŋırdamağa qoydummu?ıŋırdama qoydummu?did I allow someone to low? | senıŋırdamağa qoyduŋmu?ıŋırdama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoydumu?ıŋırdama qoydumu?did he allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoyduqmu?ıŋırdama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to low? | sizıŋırdamağa qoyduğuzmu?ıŋırdama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoydulamı?ıŋırdama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to low? |
| Let someone… (past) | menıŋırdamağa qoymadımmı?ıŋırdama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to low? | senıŋırdamağa qoymadıŋmı?ıŋırdama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to low? | olıŋırdamağa qoymadımı?ıŋırdama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to low? | bizıŋırdamağa qoymadıqmı?ıŋırdama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to low? | sizıŋırdamağa qoymadığızmı?ıŋırdama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to low? | alaıŋırdamağa qoymadılamı?ıŋırdama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to low? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menıŋırdayalamaI can low | senıŋırdayalasayou can low | olıŋırdayaladıhe can low | bizıŋırdayalabızwe can low | sizıŋırdayalasızyou all can low | alaıŋırdayaladılathey can low |
| Ability — present | menıŋırdayalmaymaI can't low | senıŋırdayalmaysayou can't low | olıŋırdayalmaydıhe can't low | bizıŋırdayalmaybızwe can't low | sizıŋırdayalmaysızyou all can't low | alaıŋırdayalmaydılathey can't low |
| Ability — present | menıŋırdayalamamı? ıŋırdayalamıma?can I low? | senıŋırdayalamısa?can you low? | olıŋırdayalamıdı?can he low? | bizıŋırdayalabızmı? ıŋırdayalamıbız?can we low? | sizıŋırdayalamısız?can you all low? | alaıŋırdayalamıdıla?can they low? |
| Ability — present | menıŋırdayalmaymamı? ıŋırdayalmaymıma?can't I low? | senıŋırdayalmaymısa?can't you low? | olıŋırdayalmaymıdı?can't he low? | bizıŋırdayalmaybızmı? ıŋırdayalmaymıbız?can't we low? | sizıŋırdayalmaymısız?can't you all low? | alaıŋırdayalmaymıdıla?can't they low? |
| Ability — if I can… | menıŋırdayalsamif I can low | senıŋırdayalsaŋif you can low | olıŋırdayalsaif he can low | bizıŋırdayalsaqif we can low | sizıŋırdayalsağızif you all can low | alaıŋırdayalsalaif they can low |
| Ability — if I can… | menıŋırdayalmasamif I can't low | senıŋırdayalmasaŋif you can't low | olıŋırdayalmasaif he can't low | bizıŋırdayalmasaqif we can't low | sizıŋırdayalmasağızif you all can't low | alaıŋırdayalmasalaif they can't low |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menıŋırdayaldımI was able to low | senıŋırdayaldıŋyou were able to low | olıŋırdayaldıhe was able to low | bizıŋırdayaldıqwe were able to low | sizıŋırdayaldığızyou all were able to low | alaıŋırdayaldılathey were able to low |
| Ability — simple past | menıŋırdayalmadımI could not low | senıŋırdayalmadıŋyou could not low | olıŋırdayalmadıhe could not low | bizıŋırdayalmadıqwe could not low | sizıŋırdayalmadığızyou all could not low | alaıŋırdayalmadılathey could not low |
| Ability — simple past | menıŋırdayaldımmı?was I able to low? | senıŋırdayaldıŋmı?were you able to low? | olıŋırdayaldımı?was he able to low? | bizıŋırdayaldıqmı?were we able to low? | sizıŋırdayaldığızmı?were you all able to low? | alaıŋırdayaldılamı?were they able to low? |
| Ability — simple past | menıŋırdayalmadımmı?couldn't I low? | senıŋırdayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you low? | olıŋırdayalmadımı?couldn't he low? | bizıŋırdayalmadıqmı?couldn't we low? | sizıŋırdayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all low? | alaıŋırdayalmadılamı?couldn't they low? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menıŋırdayalğanmaI have been able to low | senıŋırdayalğansayou have been able to low | olıŋırdayalğandıhe has been able to low | bizıŋırdayalğanbızwe have been able to low | sizıŋırdayalğansızyou all have been able to low | alaıŋırdayalğandılathey have been able to low |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menıŋırdayalmağanmaI haven't been able to low | senıŋırdayalmağansayou haven't been able to low | olıŋırdayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to low | bizıŋırdayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to low | sizıŋırdayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to low | alaıŋırdayalmağandılathey haven't been able to low |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menıŋırdayalğanmamı? ıŋırdayalğanmıma?have I been able to low? | senıŋırdayalğanmısa?have you been able to low? | olıŋırdayalğanmıdı?has he been able to low? | bizıŋırdayalğanbızmı? ıŋırdayalğanmıbız?have we been able to low? | sizıŋırdayalğanmısız?have you all been able to low? | alaıŋırdayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to low? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menıŋırdayalmağanmamı? ıŋırdayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to low? | senıŋırdayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to low? | olıŋırdayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to low? | bizıŋırdayalmağanbızmı? ıŋırdayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to low? | sizıŋırdayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to low? | alaıŋırdayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to low? |
| Ability — past perfect | menıŋırdayalğan edimıŋırdayalğanemI had been able to low | senıŋırdayalğan ediŋıŋırdayalğaneŋyou had been able to low | olıŋırdayalğan ediıŋırdayalğanedhe had been able to low | bizıŋırdayalğan edikıŋırdayalğanekwe had been able to low | sizıŋırdayalğan edigizıŋırdayalğanegizyou all had been able to low | alaıŋırdayalğan edileıŋırdayalğanellethey had been able to low |
| Ability — past perfect | menıŋırdayalmağan edimıŋırdayalmağanemI hadn't been able to low | senıŋırdayalmağan ediŋıŋırdayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to low | olıŋırdayalmağan ediıŋırdayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to low | bizıŋırdayalmağan edikıŋırdayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to low | sizıŋırdayalmağan edigizıŋırdayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to low | alaıŋırdayalmağan edileıŋırdayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to low |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menıŋırdayala edimıŋırdayalaemI could low | senıŋırdayala ediŋıŋırdayalaeŋyou could low | olıŋırdayala ediıŋırdayalaedhe could low | bizıŋırdayala edikıŋırdayalaekwe could low | sizıŋırdayala edigizıŋırdayalaegizyou all could low | alaıŋırdayala edileıŋırdayalaellethey could low |
| Ability — past background | menıŋırdayalmay edimıŋırdayalmayemI could not low | senıŋırdayalmay ediŋıŋırdayalmayeŋyou could not low | olıŋırdayalmay ediıŋırdayalmayedhe could not low | bizıŋırdayalmay edikıŋırdayalmayekwe could not low | sizıŋırdayalmay edigizıŋırdayalmayegizyou all could not low | alaıŋırdayalmay edileıŋırdayalmayellethey could not low |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menıŋırdayalırmaI will be able to low | senıŋırdayalırsayou will be able to low | olıŋırdayalırhe will be able to low | bizıŋırdayalırbızwe will be able to low | sizıŋırdayalırsızyou all will be able to low | alaıŋırdayalırlathey will be able to low |
| Ability — future I | menıŋırdayalmazmaI won't be able to low | senıŋırdayalmazsayou won't be able to low | olıŋırdayalmazhe won't be able to low | bizıŋırdayalmazbızwe won't be able to low | sizıŋırdayalmazsızyou all won't be able to low | alaıŋırdayalmazlathey won't be able to low |
| Ability — future I | menıŋırdayalırmamı? ıŋırdayalırmıma?will I be able to low? | senıŋırdayalırmısa?will you be able to low? | olıŋırdayalırmı?will he be able to low? | bizıŋırdayalırbızmı? ıŋırdayalırmıbız?will we be able to low? | sizıŋırdayalırmısız?will you all be able to low? | alaıŋırdayalırlamı? ıŋırdayalırmıla?will they be able to low? |
| Ability — future I | menıŋırdayalmazmamı? ıŋırdayalmazmıma?won't I be able to low? | senıŋırdayalmazmısa?won't you be able to low? | olıŋırdayalmazmı?won't he be able to low? | bizıŋırdayalmazbızmı? ıŋırdayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to low? | sizıŋırdayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to low? | alaıŋırdayalmazlamı? ıŋırdayalmazmıla?won't they be able to low? |
| Ability — future II | menıŋırdayallıqmaI am going to be able to low | senıŋırdayallıqsayou are going to be able to low | olıŋırdayallıqdıhe is going to be able to low | bizıŋırdayallıqbızwe are going to be able to low | sizıŋırdayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to low | alaıŋırdayallıqdılathey are going to be able to low |
| Ability — future II | menıŋırdayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to low | senıŋırdayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to low | olıŋırdayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to low | bizıŋırdayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to low | sizıŋırdayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to low | alaıŋırdayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to low |
| Ability — future II | menıŋırdayallıqmamı? ıŋırdayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to low? | senıŋırdayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to low? | olıŋırdayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to low? | bizıŋırdayallıqbızmı? ıŋırdayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to low? | sizıŋırdayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to low? | alaıŋırdayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to low? |
| Ability — future II | menıŋırdayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to low? | senıŋırdayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to low? | olıŋırdayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to low? | bizıŋırdayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to low? | sizıŋırdayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to low? | alaıŋırdayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to low? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menıŋırdayalır edimıŋırdayalır emI would be able to low | senıŋırdayalır ediŋıŋırdayalır eŋyou would be able to low | olıŋırdayalır ediıŋırdayalır edhe would be able to low | bizıŋırdayalır edikıŋırdayalır ekwe would be able to low | sizıŋırdayalır edigizıŋırdayalır egizyou all would be able to low | alaıŋırdayalır edileıŋırdayalır ellethey would be able to low |
| Ability — would be able to… | menıŋırdayalmaz edimıŋırdayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to low | senıŋırdayalmaz ediŋıŋırdayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to low | olıŋırdayalmaz ediıŋırdayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to low | bizıŋırdayalmaz edikıŋırdayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to low | sizıŋırdayalmaz edigizıŋırdayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to low | alaıŋırdayalmaz edileıŋırdayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to low |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senıŋırdayalğınıŋırdayalğımay you be able to low | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senıŋırdayalmağınıŋırdayalmağımay you not be able to low | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menıŋırdarğa izleymeI want to low | senıŋırdarğa izleyseyou want to low | olıŋırdarğa izleydihe wants to low | bizıŋırdarğa izleybizwe want to low | sizıŋırdarğa izleysizyou all want to low | alaıŋırdarğa izleydilethey want to low |
| want to | menıŋırdarğa izlemeymeI do not want to low | senıŋırdarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to low | olıŋırdarğa izlemeydihe does not want to low | bizıŋırdarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to low | sizıŋırdarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to low | alaıŋırdarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to low |
| would like to | menıŋırdarğa süemeI would like to low | senıŋırdarğa süeseyou would like to low | olıŋırdarğa süedihe would like to low | bizıŋırdarğa süebizwe would like to low | sizıŋırdarğa süesizyou all would like to low | alaıŋırdarğa süedilethey would like to low |
| would like to | menıŋırdarğa süymeymeI would not like to low | senıŋırdarğa süymeyseyou would not like to low | olıŋırdarğa süymeydihe would not like to low | bizıŋırdarğa süymeybizwe would not like to low | sizıŋırdarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to low | alaıŋırdarğa süymeydilethey would not like to low |
| hope to | menıŋırdarğa umutlanamaI hope to low | senıŋırdarğa umutlanasayou hope to low | olıŋırdarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to low | bizıŋırdarğa umutlanabızwe hope to low | sizıŋırdarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to low | alaıŋırdarğa umutlanadılathey hope to low |
| hope to | menıŋırdarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to low | senıŋırdarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to low | olıŋırdarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to low | bizıŋırdarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to low | sizıŋırdarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to low | alaıŋırdarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to low |
| be about to | menıŋırdarğa deb turamaI am about to low | senıŋırdarğa deb turasayou are about to low | olıŋırdarğa deb turadıhe is about to low | bizıŋırdarğa deb turabızwe are about to low | sizıŋırdarğa deb turasızyou all are about to low | alaıŋırdarğa deb turadılathey are about to low |
| be about to | menıŋırdarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to low | senıŋırdarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to low | olıŋırdarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to low | bizıŋırdarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to low | sizıŋırdarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to low | alaıŋırdarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to low |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menıŋırdarğa kerekmeI need to low | senıŋırdarğa kerekseyou need to low | olıŋırdarğa kerekdihe needs to low | bizıŋırdarğa kerekbizwe need to low | sizıŋırdarğa kereksizyou all need to low | alaıŋırdarğa kerekdilethey need to low |
| need to | menıŋırdarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to low | senıŋırdarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to low | olıŋırdarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to low | bizıŋırdarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to low | sizıŋırdarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to low | alaıŋırdarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to low |
| have to | menmenŋe ıŋırdarğa tüşediI have to low | sensenŋe ıŋırdarğa tüşediyou have to low | olaŋa ıŋırdarğa tüşedihe has to low | bizbizge ıŋırdarğa tüşediwe have to low | sizsizge ıŋırdarğa tüşediyou all have to low | alaalağa ıŋırdarğa tüşedithey have to low |
| have to | menmenŋe ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to low | sensenŋe ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to low | olaŋa ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to low | bizbizge ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to low | sizsizge ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to low | alaalağa ıŋırdarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to low |
| be obliged to | menıŋırdarğa borçlumaI am obliged to low | senıŋırdarğa borçlusayou are obliged to low | olıŋırdarğa borçluduhe is obliged to low | bizıŋırdarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to low | sizıŋırdarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to low | alaıŋırdarğa borçludulathey are obliged to low |
| be obliged to | menıŋırdarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to low | senıŋırdarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to low | olıŋırdarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to low | bizıŋırdarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to low | sizıŋırdarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to low | alaıŋırdarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to low |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menıŋırdarğa madarım bardıI have a way to low | senıŋırdarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to low | olıŋırdarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to low | bizıŋırdarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to low | sizıŋırdarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to low | alaıŋırdarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to low |
| have a way to | menıŋırdarğa madarım joqduI have no way to low | senıŋırdarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to low | olıŋırdarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to low | bizıŋırdarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to low | sizıŋırdarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to low | alaıŋırdarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to low |
| be free to | menıŋırdarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to low | senıŋırdarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to low | olıŋırdarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to low | bizıŋırdarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to low | sizıŋırdarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to low | alaıŋırdarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to low |
| be free to | menıŋırdarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to low | senıŋırdarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to low | olıŋırdarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to low | bizıŋırdarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to low | sizıŋırdarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to low | alaıŋırdarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to low |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to low | sensenŋe ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to low | olaŋa ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to low | bizbizge ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to low | sizsizge ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to low | alaalağa ıŋırdarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to low |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to low | sensenŋe ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to low | olaŋa ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to low | bizbizge ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to low | sizsizge ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to low | alaalağa ıŋırdarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to low |
| be ready to | menıŋırdarğa hazırmaI am ready to low | senıŋırdarğa hazırsayou are ready to low | olıŋırdarğa hazırdıhe is ready to low | bizıŋırdarğa hazırbızwe are ready to low | sizıŋırdarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to low | alaıŋırdarğa hazırdılathey are ready to low |
| be ready to | menıŋırdarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to low | senıŋırdarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to low | olıŋırdarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to low | bizıŋırdarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to low | sizıŋırdarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to low | alaıŋırdarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to low |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menıŋırdarğa küreşemeI am trying to low | senıŋırdarğa küreşeseyou are trying to low | olıŋırdarğa küreşedihe is trying to low | bizıŋırdarğa küreşebizwe are trying to low | sizıŋırdarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to low | alaıŋırdarğa küreşedilethey are trying to low |
| try to | menıŋırdarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to low | senıŋırdarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to low | olıŋırdarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to low | bizıŋırdarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to low | sizıŋırdarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to low | alaıŋırdarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to low |
| agree to | menıŋırdarğa unaymaI agree to low | senıŋırdarğa unaysayou agree to low | olıŋırdarğa unaydıhe agrees to low | bizıŋırdarğa unaybızwe agree to low | sizıŋırdarğa unaysızyou all agree to low | alaıŋırdarğa unaydılathey agree to low |
| agree to | menıŋırdarğa unamaymaI refuse to low | senıŋırdarğa unamaysayou refuse to low | olıŋırdarğa unamaydıhe refuses to low | bizıŋırdarğa unamaybızwe refuse to low | sizıŋırdarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to low | alaıŋırdarğa unamaydılathey refuse to low |
| hurry to | menıŋırdarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to low | senıŋırdarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to low | olıŋırdarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to low | bizıŋırdarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to low | sizıŋırdarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to low | alaıŋırdarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to low |
| hurry to | menıŋırdarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to low | senıŋırdarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to low | olıŋırdarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to low | bizıŋırdarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to low | sizıŋırdarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to low | alaıŋırdarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to low |
| be afraid to | menıŋırdarğa qorqamaI am afraid to low | senıŋırdarğa qorqasayou are afraid to low | olıŋırdarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to low | bizıŋırdarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to low | sizıŋırdarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to low | alaıŋırdarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to low |
| be afraid to | menıŋırdarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to low | senıŋırdarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to low | olıŋırdarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to low | bizıŋırdarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to low | sizıŋırdarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to low | alaıŋırdarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to low |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menıŋırday bolmazmaI can't be lowing | senıŋırday bolmazsayou can't be lowing | olıŋırday bolmazhe can't be lowing | bizıŋırday bolmazbızwe can't be lowing | sizıŋırday bolmazsızyou all can't be lowing | alaıŋırday bolmazlathey can't be lowing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menıŋırdamay bolmazmaI must be lowing (emphatic) | senıŋırdamay bolmazsayou must be lowing (emphatic) | olıŋırdamay bolmazhe must be lowing (emphatic) | bizıŋırdamay bolmazbızwe must be lowing (emphatic) | sizıŋırdamay bolmazsızyou all must be lowing (emphatic) | alaıŋırdamay bolmazlathey must be lowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menıŋırday turmasamif I don't keep lowing | senıŋırday turmasaŋif you don't keep lowing | olıŋırday turmasaif he doesn't keep lowing | bizıŋırday turmasaqif we don't keep lowing | sizıŋırday turmasağızif you all don't keep lowing | alaıŋırday turmasalaif they don't keep lowing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menıŋırday tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of lowing | senıŋırday tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of lowing | olıŋırday tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of lowing | bizıŋırday tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of lowing | sizıŋırday tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of lowing | alaıŋırday tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of lowing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menıŋırdamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not lowing (emphatic) | senıŋırdamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not lowing (emphatic) | olıŋırdamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not lowing (emphatic) | bizıŋırdamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not lowing (emphatic) | sizıŋırdamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not lowing (emphatic) | alaıŋırdamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not lowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menıŋırdamay turamaI keep on not lowing | senıŋırdamay turasayou keep on not lowing | olıŋırdamay turadıhe keeps on not lowing | bizıŋırdamay turabızwe keep on not lowing | sizıŋırdamay turasızyou all keep on not lowing | alaıŋırdamay turadılathey keep on not lowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menıŋırdamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not lowing | senıŋırdamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not lowing | olıŋırdamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not lowing | bizıŋırdamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not lowing | sizıŋırdamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not lowing | alaıŋırdamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not lowing |
| Progressive — double negation | menıŋırdamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not lowing? | senıŋırdamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not lowing? | olıŋırdamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not lowing? | bizıŋırdamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not lowing? | sizıŋırdamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not lowing? | alaıŋırdamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not lowing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menıŋırdağan bolmazmaI can't have lowed | senıŋırdağan bolmazsayou can't have lowed | olıŋırdağan bolmazhe can't have lowed | bizıŋırdağan bolmazbızwe can't have lowed | sizıŋırdağan bolmazsızyou all can't have lowed | alaıŋırdağan bolmazlathey can't have lowed |
| Inference — double negation | menıŋırdamağan bolmazmaI must have lowed (emphatic) | senıŋırdamağan bolmazsayou must have lowed (emphatic) | olıŋırdamağan bolmazhe must have lowed (emphatic) | bizıŋırdamağan bolmazbızwe must have lowed (emphatic) | sizıŋırdamağan bolmazsızyou all must have lowed (emphatic) | alaıŋırdamağan bolmazlathey must have lowed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menıŋırdağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had lowed | senıŋırdağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had lowed | olıŋırdağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had lowed | bizıŋırdağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had lowed | sizıŋırdağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had lowed | alaıŋırdağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had lowed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menıŋırdamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't lowed | senıŋırdamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't lowed | olıŋırdamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't lowed | bizıŋırdamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't lowed | sizıŋırdamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't lowed | alaıŋırdamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't lowed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menıŋırdarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to low | senıŋırdarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to low | olıŋırdarıq bolmazhe can't be going to low | bizıŋırdarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to low | sizıŋırdarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to low | alaıŋırdarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to low |
| Inference, future — double negation | menıŋırdamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to low (emphatic) | senıŋırdamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to low (emphatic) | olıŋırdamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to low (emphatic) | bizıŋırdamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to low (emphatic) | sizıŋırdamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to low (emphatic) | alaıŋırdamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to low (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menıŋırdarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to low | senıŋırdarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to low | olıŋırdarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to low | bizıŋırdarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to low | sizıŋırdarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to low | alaıŋırdarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to low |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menıŋırdamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to low | senıŋırdamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to low | olıŋırdamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to low | bizıŋırdamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to low | sizıŋırdamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to low | alaıŋırdamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to low |