çalırğa
/tʃalɯrʁa/
1. mow, scythe, cut (grass or hay) with a scythe or mower
- kırdıknı çalırğa — to mow the grass
- atam biçen çaladı — my father mows hay
- bıyıl köb biçen çaldıq — this year we mowed a lot of hay
- atası bla biçen çalırğa bardı — he went with his father to mow hay
- köb biçen çalırğa — to mow a great deal of hay
- biçenlikni sawlay çalıb çığarğa — to mow the whole meadow through
- çalıb boşarğa — to finish the mowing
2. plait, braid, weave (cord, braid, and the like)
- çaç çalırğa — to plait hair
- qız çaçın çaldı — the girl plaited her hair
- çalıw çalırğa — to plait braiding
- halıdan tartma çalırğa — to plait a cord out of thread
- çalıw çalırğa usta tişirıw — a woman skilled at plaiting braiding
3. stammer, stumble over one's words; (of the tongue) slip — Usually the tongue is the subject (anı tili çaladı 'he stammers'). The converb form, as in çalıb söleşirge, means 'speak with a stammer'.
- anı tili çaladı — he stammers
- tilim çaldı — my tongue slipped
- çalıb söleşirge — to speak with a stammer
- çalıb söleşgen — one who stammers
4. sweep the leg over the other leg in a dance, with a mowing movement one source
- çalıb tepserge — to dance with a scything leg movement
- ol çalıb tepseydi — he dances sweeping the leg
- qızla çalıb tepsedile — the girls danced sweeping the leg
Conjugation
Common forms
- çaladıhe is mowing
- çaldıhe mowed
- çalğandıhe has mowed
- çalırhe will mow
- çallıqdıhe is going to mow
- çala edihe was mowing
- çalsaif he mows
- çal!mow!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençalamaI am mowing | sençalasayou are mowing | olçaladıhe is mowing | bizçalabızwe are mowing | sizçalasızyou all are mowing | alaçaladılathey are mowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençalmaymaI am not mowing | sençalmaysayou are not mowing | olçalmaydıhe is not mowing | bizçalmaybızwe are not mowing | sizçalmaysızyou all are not mowing | alaçalmaydılathey are not mowing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençalamamı? çalamıma?am I mowing? | sençalamısa?are you mowing? | olçalamıdı?is he mowing? | bizçalabızmı? çalamıbız?are we mowing? | sizçalamısız?are you all mowing? | alaçalamıdıla?are they mowing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mençalmaymamı? çalmaymıma?aren't I mowing? | sençalmaymısa?aren't you mowing? | olçalmaymıdı?isn't he mowing? | bizçalmaybızmı? çalmaymıbız?aren't we mowing? | sizçalmaymısız?aren't you all mowing? | alaçalmaymıdıla?aren't they mowing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençalıwçanmaI usually mow | sençalıwçansayou usually mow | olçalıwçandıhe usually mows | bizçalıwçanbızwe usually mow | sizçalıwçansızyou all usually mow | alaçalıwçandılathey usually mow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençalmawçanmaI usually don't mow | sençalmawçansayou usually don't mow | olçalmawçandıhe usually doesn't mow | bizçalmawçanbızwe usually don't mow | sizçalmawçansızyou all usually don't mow | alaçalmawçandılathey usually don't mow |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençalıwçanmamı? çalıwçanmıma?do I usually mow? | sençalıwçanmısa?do you usually mow? | olçalıwçanmıdı?does he usually mow? | bizçalıwçanbızmı? çalıwçanmıbız?do we usually mow? | sizçalıwçanmısız?do you all usually mow? | alaçalıwçanmıdıla?do they usually mow? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mençalmawçanmamı? çalmawçanmıma?do I usually not mow? | sençalmawçanmısa?do you usually not mow? | olçalmawçanmıdı?does he usually not mow? | bizçalmawçanbızmı? çalmawçanmıbız?do we usually not mow? | sizçalmawçanmısız?do you all usually not mow? | alaçalmawçanmıdıla?do they usually not mow? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçalıbdıhe has mowed and remains so | alaçalıbdılathey have mowed and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olçalıbmıdı?has he mowed? | alaçalıbmıdıla?have they mowed? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençalıb turamaI keep mowing | sençalıb turasayou keep mowing | olçalıb turadıhe keeps mowing | bizçalıb turabızwe keep mowing | sizçalıb turasızyou all keep mowing | alaçalıb turadılathey keep mowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençalıb turmaymaI don't keep mowing | sençalıb turmaysayou don't keep mowing | olçalıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep mowing | bizçalıb turmaybızwe don't keep mowing | sizçalıb turmaysızyou all don't keep mowing | alaçalıb turmaydılathey don't keep mowing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençalıb turamamı? çalıb turamıma?do I keep mowing? | sençalıb turamısa?do you keep mowing? | olçalıb turamıdı?does he keep mowing? | bizçalıb turabızmı? çalıb turamıbız?do we keep mowing? | sizçalıb turamısız?do you all keep mowing? | alaçalıb turamıdıla?do they keep mowing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mençalıb turmaymamı? çalıb turmaymıma?don't I keep mowing? | sençalıb turmaymısa?don't you keep mowing? | olçalıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep mowing? | bizçalıb turmaybızmı? çalıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep mowing? | sizçalıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep mowing? | alaçalıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep mowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençala turamaI am in the middle of mowing | sençala turasayou are in the middle of mowing | olçala turadıhe is in the middle of mowing | bizçala turabızwe are in the middle of mowing | sizçala turasızyou all are in the middle of mowing | alaçala turadılathey are in the middle of mowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençala turmaymaI am not in the middle of mowing | sençala turmaysayou are not in the middle of mowing | olçala turmaydıhe is not in the middle of mowing | bizçala turmaybızwe are not in the middle of mowing | sizçala turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of mowing | alaçala turmaydılathey are not in the middle of mowing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençala turamamı? çala turamıma?am I in the middle of mowing? | sençala turamısa?are you in the middle of mowing? | olçala turamıdı?is he in the middle of mowing? | bizçala turabızmı? çala turamıbız?are we in the middle of mowing? | sizçala turamısız?are you all in the middle of mowing? | alaçala turamıdıla?are they in the middle of mowing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mençala turmaymamı? çala turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of mowing? | sençala turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of mowing? | olçala turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of mowing? | bizçala turmaybızmı? çala turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of mowing? | sizçala turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of mowing? | alaçala turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of mowing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaldımI mowed | sençaldıŋyou mowed | olçaldıhe mowed | bizçaldıqwe mowed | sizçaldığızyou all mowed | alaçaldılathey mowed |
| Simple past (definite) | mençalmadımI didn't mow | sençalmadıŋyou didn't mow | olçalmadıhe didn't mow | bizçalmadıqwe didn't mow | sizçalmadığızyou all didn't mow | alaçalmadılathey didn't mow |
| Simple past (definite) | mençaldımmı?did I mow? | sençaldıŋmı?did you mow? | olçaldımı?did he mow? | bizçaldıqmı?did we mow? | sizçaldığızmı?did you all mow? | alaçaldılamı?did they mow? |
| Simple past (definite) | mençalmadımmı?didn't I mow? | sençalmadıŋmı?didn't you mow? | olçalmadımı?didn't he mow? | bizçalmadıqmı?didn't we mow? | sizçalmadığızmı?didn't you all mow? | alaçalmadılamı?didn't they mow? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençalğanmaI have mowed | sençalğansayou have mowed | olçalğandıhe has mowed | bizçalğanbızwe have mowed | sizçalğansızyou all have mowed | alaçalğandılathey have mowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençalmağanmaI haven't mowed | sençalmağansayou haven't mowed | olçalmağandıhe hasn't mowed | bizçalmağanbızwe haven't mowed | sizçalmağansızyou all haven't mowed | alaçalmağandılathey haven't mowed |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençalğanmamı? çalğanmıma?have I mowed? | sençalğanmısa?have you mowed? | olçalğanmıdı?has he mowed? | bizçalğanbızmı? çalğanmıbız?have we mowed? | sizçalğanmısız?have you all mowed? | alaçalğanmıdıla?have they mowed? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mençalmağanmamı? çalmağanmıma?haven't I mowed? | sençalmağanmısa?haven't you mowed? | olçalmağanmıdı?hasn't he mowed? | bizçalmağanbızmı? çalmağanmıbız?haven't we mowed? | sizçalmağanmısız?haven't you all mowed? | alaçalmağanmıdıla?haven't they mowed? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençalıb turdumI kept mowing | sençalıb turduŋyou kept mowing | olçalıb turduhe kept mowing | bizçalıb turduqwe kept mowing | sizçalıb turduğuzyou all kept mowing | alaçalıb turdulathey kept mowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mençalıb turmadımI didn't keep mowing | sençalıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep mowing | olçalıb turmadıhe didn't keep mowing | bizçalıb turmadıqwe didn't keep mowing | sizçalıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep mowing | alaçalıb turmadılathey didn't keep mowing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençalırmaI will mow | sençalırsayou will mow | olçalırhe will mow | bizçalırbızwe will mow | sizçalırsızyou all will mow | alaçalırlathey will mow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençalmazmaI won't mow | sençalmazsayou won't mow | olçalmazhe won't mow | bizçalmazbızwe won't mow | sizçalmazsızyou all won't mow | alaçalmazlathey won't mow |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençalırmamı? çalırmıma?will I mow? | sençalırmısa?will you mow? | olçalırmı?will he mow? | bizçalırbızmı? çalırmıbız?will we mow? | sizçalırmısız?will you all mow? | alaçalırlamı? çalırmıla?will they mow? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mençalmazmamı? çalmazmıma?won't I mow? | sençalmazmısa?won't you mow? | olçalmazmı?won't he mow? | bizçalmazbızmı? çalmazmıbız?won't we mow? | sizçalmazmısız?won't you all mow? | alaçalmazlamı? çalmazmıla?won't they mow? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençallıqmaI am going to mow | sençallıqsayou are going to mow | olçallıqdıhe is going to mow | bizçallıqbızwe are going to mow | sizçallıqsızyou all are going to mow | alaçallıqdılathey are going to mow |
| Definite future (future II) | mençallıq tülmeI am not going to mow | sençallıq tülseyou are not going to mow | olçallıq tüldühe is not going to mow | bizçallıq tülbüzwe are not going to mow | sizçallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to mow | alaçallıq tüldülethey are not going to mow |
| Definite future (future II) | mençallıqmamı? çallıqmıma?am I going to mow? | sençallıqmısa?are you going to mow? | olçallıqmıdı?is he going to mow? | bizçallıqbızmı? çallıqmıbız?are we going to mow? | sizçallıqmısız?are you all going to mow? | alaçallıqmıdıla?are they going to mow? |
| Definite future (future II) | mençallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to mow? | sençallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to mow? | olçallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to mow? | bizçallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to mow? | sizçallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to mow? | alaçallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to mow? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençalğan edimçalğanemI had mowed | sençalğan ediŋçalğaneŋyou had mowed | olçalğan ediçalğanedhe had mowed | bizçalğan edikçalğanekwe had mowed | sizçalğan edigizçalğanegizyou all had mowed | alaçalğan edileçalğanellethey had mowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mençalmağan edimçalmağanemI hadn't mowed | sençalmağan ediŋçalmağaneŋyou hadn't mowed | olçalmağan ediçalmağanedhe hadn't mowed | bizçalmağan edikçalmağanekwe hadn't mowed | sizçalmağan edigizçalmağanegizyou all hadn't mowed | alaçalmağan edileçalmağanellethey hadn't mowed |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençala edimçalaemI was mowing | sençala ediŋçalaeŋyou were mowing | olçala ediçalaedhe was mowing | bizçala edikçalaekwe were mowing | sizçala edigizçalaegizyou all were mowing | alaçala edileçalaellethey were mowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mençalmay edimçalmayemI wasn't mowing | sençalmay ediŋçalmayeŋyou weren't mowing | olçalmay ediçalmayedhe wasn't mowing | bizçalmay edikçalmayekwe weren't mowing | sizçalmay edigizçalmayegizyou all weren't mowing | alaçalmay edileçalmayellethey weren't mowing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mençalıwçan edimçalıwçanemI used to mow | sençalıwçan ediŋçalıwçaneŋyou used to mow | olçalıwçan ediçalıwçanedhe used to mow | bizçalıwçan edikçalıwçanekwe used to mow | sizçalıwçan edigizçalıwçanegizyou all used to mow | alaçalıwçan edileçalıwçanellethey used to mow |
| Habitual past (used to) | mençalmawçan edimçalmawçanemI didn't use to mow | sençalmawçan ediŋçalmawçaneŋyou didn't use to mow | olçalmawçan ediçalmawçanedhe didn't use to mow | bizçalmawçan edikçalmawçanekwe didn't use to mow | sizçalmawçan edigizçalmawçanegizyou all didn't use to mow | alaçalmawçan edileçalmawçanellethey didn't use to mow |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçalıb edihe had mowed and remained so | alaçalıb edilethey had mowed and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olçalıb tül edihe hadn't mowed | alaçalıb tül edilethey hadn't mowed | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençalıb tura edimçalıb turaemI had kept mowing | sençalıb tura ediŋçalıb turaeŋyou had kept mowing | olçalıb tura ediçalıb turaedhe had kept mowing | bizçalıb tura edikçalıb turaekwe had kept mowing | sizçalıb tura edigizçalıb turaegizyou all had kept mowing | alaçalıb tura edileçalıb turaellethey had kept mowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mençalıb turmay edimçalıb turmayemI hadn't kept mowing | sençalıb turmay ediŋçalıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept mowing | olçalıb turmay ediçalıb turmayedhe hadn't kept mowing | bizçalıb turmay edikçalıb turmayekwe hadn't kept mowing | sizçalıb turmay edigizçalıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept mowing | alaçalıb turmay edileçalıb turmayellethey hadn't kept mowing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençala tura edimçala turaemI was in the middle of mowing | sençala tura ediŋçala turaeŋyou were in the middle of mowing | olçala tura ediçala turaedhe was in the middle of mowing | bizçala tura edikçala turaekwe were in the middle of mowing | sizçala tura edigizçala turaegizyou all were in the middle of mowing | alaçala tura edileçala turaellethey were in the middle of mowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mençala turmay edimçala turmayemI wasn't in the middle of mowing | sençala turmay ediŋçala turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of mowing | olçala turmay ediçala turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of mowing | bizçala turmay edikçala turmayekwe weren't in the middle of mowing | sizçala turmay edigizçala turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of mowing | alaçala turmay edileçala turmayellethey weren't in the middle of mowing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mençalır edimçalır emI would mow | sençalır ediŋçalır eŋyou would mow | olçalır ediçalır edhe would mow | bizçalır edikçalır ekwe would mow | sizçalır edigizçalır egizyou all would mow | alaçalır edileçalır ellethey would mow |
| Conditional result (would) | mençalmaz edimçalmaz emI wouldn't mow | sençalmaz ediŋçalmaz eŋyou wouldn't mow | olçalmaz ediçalmaz edhe wouldn't mow | bizçalmaz edikçalmaz ekwe wouldn't mow | sizçalmaz edigizçalmaz egizyou all wouldn't mow | alaçalmaz edileçalmaz ellethey wouldn't mow |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençallıq edimçallıq emI would have mowed | sençallıq ediŋçallıq eŋyou would have mowed | olçallıq ediçallıq edhe would have mowed | bizçallıq edikçallıq ekwe would have mowed | sizçallıq edigizçallıq egizyou all would have mowed | alaçallıq edileçallıq ellethey would have mowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mençallıq tül edimçallıq tül emI wouldn't have mowed | sençallıq tül ediŋçallıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have mowed | olçallıq tül ediçallıq tül edhe wouldn't have mowed | bizçallıq tül edikçallıq tül ekwe wouldn't have mowed | sizçallıq tül edigizçallıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have mowed | alaçallıq tül edileçallıq tül ellethey wouldn't have mowed |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mençalsamif I mow | sençalsaŋif you mow | olçalsaif he mows | bizçalsaqif we mow | sizçalsağızif you all mow | alaçalsalaif they mow |
| Conditional | mençalmasamif I don't mow | sençalmasaŋif you don't mow | olçalmasaif he doesn't mow | bizçalmasaqif we don't mow | sizçalmasağızif you all don't mow | alaçalmasalaif they don't mow |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mençala esemif I am mowing | sençala eseŋif you are mowing | olçala eseif he is mowing | bizçala esekif we are mowing | sizçala esegizif you all are mowing | alaçala eseleif they are mowing |
| Conditional, present real | mençalmay esemif I am not mowing | sençalmay eseŋif you are not mowing | olçalmay eseif he is not mowing | bizçalmay esekif we are not mowing | sizçalmay esegizif you all are not mowing | alaçalmay eseleif they are not mowing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençalsam ediçalsam edif only I mowed | sençalsaŋ ediçalsaŋ edif only you mowed | olçalsa ediçalsaedif only he mowed | bizçalsaq ediçalsaq edif only we mowed | sizçalsağız ediçalsağız edif only you all mowed | alaçalsala ediçalsalaedif only they mowed |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mençalmasam ediçalmasam edif only I didn't mow | sençalmasaŋ ediçalmasaŋ edif only you didn't mow | olçalmasa ediçalmasaedif only he didn't mow | bizçalmasaq ediçalmasaq edif only we didn't mow | sizçalmasağız ediçalmasağız edif only you all didn't mow | alaçalmasala ediçalmasalaedif only they didn't mow |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mençalıb tursamif I carry on mowing | sençalıb tursaŋif you carry on mowing | olçalıb tursaif he carries on mowing | bizçalıb tursaqif we carry on mowing | sizçalıb tursağızif you all carry on mowing | alaçalıb tursalaif they carry on mowing |
| Durative conditional | mençalıb turmasamif I don't carry on mowing | sençalıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on mowing | olçalıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on mowing | bizçalıb turmasaqif we don't carry on mowing | sizçalıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on mowing | alaçalıb turmasalaif they don't carry on mowing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mençalıb tura esemif I have kept mowing | sençalıb tura eseŋif you have kept mowing | olçalıb tura eseif he has kept mowing | bizçalıb tura esekif we have kept mowing | sizçalıb tura esegizif you all have kept mowing | alaçalıb tura eseleif they have kept mowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mençalıb turmay esemif I haven't kept mowing | sençalıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept mowing | olçalıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept mowing | bizçalıb turmay esekif we haven't kept mowing | sizçalıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept mowing | alaçalıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept mowing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mençala tursamif I keep mowing | sençala tursaŋif you keep mowing | olçala tursaif he keeps mowing | bizçala tursaqif we keep mowing | sizçala tursağızif you all keep mowing | alaçala tursalaif they keep mowing |
| Progressive conditional | mençalmay tursamif I keep on not mowing | sençalmay tursaŋif you keep on not mowing | olçalmay tursaif he keeps on not mowing | bizçalmay tursaqif we keep on not mowing | sizçalmay tursağızif you all keep on not mowing | alaçalmay tursalaif they keep on not mowing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençala tura esemif I am in the middle of mowing | sençala tura eseŋif you are in the middle of mowing | olçala tura eseif he is in the middle of mowing | bizçala tura esekif we are in the middle of mowing | sizçala tura esegizif you all are in the middle of mowing | alaçala tura eseleif they are in the middle of mowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mençalmay tura esemif I keep on not mowing | sençalmay tura eseŋif you keep on not mowing | olçalmay tura eseif he keeps on not mowing | bizçalmay tura esekif we keep on not mowing | sizçalmay tura esegizif you all keep on not mowing | alaçalmay tura eseleif they keep on not mowing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençaldım esemif I mowed | sençaldıŋ eseŋif you mowed | olçaldı eseif he mowed | bizçaldıq esekif we mowed | sizçaldığız esegizif you all mowed | alaçaldıla eseleif they mowed |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mençalmadım esemif I didn't mow | sençalmadıŋ eseŋif you didn't mow | olçalmadı eseif he didn't mow | bizçalmadıq esekif we didn't mow | sizçalmadığız esegizif you all didn't mow | alaçalmadıla eseleif they didn't mow |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mençalğan esemif I did mow (indeed) | sençalğan eseŋif you did mow (indeed) | olçalğan eseif he did mow (indeed) | bizçalğan esekif we did mow (indeed) | sizçalğan esegizif you all did mow (indeed) | alaçalğan eseleif they did mow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mençalmağan esemif I didn't mow (indeed) | sençalmağan eseŋif you didn't mow (indeed) | olçalmağan eseif he didn't mow (indeed) | bizçalmağan esekif we didn't mow (indeed) | sizçalmağan esegizif you all didn't mow (indeed) | alaçalmağan eseleif they didn't mow (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençalğan bolsamif I had mowed | sençalğan bolsaŋif you had mowed | olçalğan bolsaif he had mowed | bizçalğan bolsaqif we had mowed | sizçalğan bolsağızif you all had mowed | alaçalğan bolsalaif they had mowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mençalmağan bolsamif I hadn't mowed | sençalmağan bolsaŋif you hadn't mowed | olçalmağan bolsaif he hadn't mowed | bizçalmağan bolsaqif we hadn't mowed | sizçalmağan bolsağızif you all hadn't mowed | alaçalmağan bolsalaif they hadn't mowed |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençalğan bolsam ediçalğan bolsam edif only I had mowed | sençalğan bolsaŋ ediçalğan bolsaŋ edif only you had mowed | olçalğan bolsa ediçalğan bolsaedif only he had mowed | bizçalğan bolsaq ediçalğan bolsaq edif only we had mowed | sizçalğan bolsağız ediçalğan bolsağız edif only you all had mowed | alaçalğan bolsala ediçalğan bolsalaedif only they had mowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mençalmağan bolsam ediçalmağan bolsam edif only I hadn't mowed | sençalmağan bolsaŋ ediçalmağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't mowed | olçalmağan bolsa ediçalmağan bolsaedif only he hadn't mowed | bizçalmağan bolsaq ediçalmağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't mowed | sizçalmağan bolsağız ediçalmağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't mowed | alaçalmağan bolsala ediçalmağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't mowed |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mençalır esemif I will mow | sençalır eseŋif you will mow | olçalır eseif he will mow | bizçalır esekif we will mow | sizçalır esegizif you all will mow | alaçalır eseleif they will mow |
| Conditional, aorist | mençalmaz esemif I won't mow | sençalmaz eseŋif you won't mow | olçalmaz eseif he won't mow | bizçalmaz esekif we won't mow | sizçalmaz esegizif you all won't mow | alaçalmaz eseleif they won't mow |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mençallıq esemif I am going to mow | sençallıq eseŋif you are going to mow | olçallıq eseif he is going to mow | bizçallıq esekif we are going to mow | sizçallıq esegizif you all are going to mow | alaçallıq eseleif they are going to mow |
| Conditional, future | mençallıq tül esemif I am not going to mow | sençallıq tül eseŋif you are not going to mow | olçallıq tül eseif he is not going to mow | bizçallıq tül esekif we are not going to mow | sizçallıq tül esegizif you all are not going to mow | alaçallıq tül eseleif they are not going to mow |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençallıq bolsamif I were going to mow | sençallıq bolsaŋif you were going to mow | olçallıq bolsaif he were going to mow | bizçallıq bolsaqif we were going to mow | sizçallıq bolsağızif you all were going to mow | alaçallıq bolsalaif they were going to mow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mençalmazlıq bolsamif I were not going to mow | sençalmazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to mow | olçalmazlıq bolsaif he were not going to mow | bizçalmazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to mow | sizçalmazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to mow | alaçalmazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to mow |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso çaldıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençala bolurmaI must be mowing | sençala bolursayou must be mowing | olçala bolurhe must be mowing | bizçala bolurbuzwe must be mowing | sizçala bolursuzyou all must be mowing | alaçala bolurlathey must be mowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mençalmay bolurmaI must not be mowing | sençalmay bolursayou must not be mowing | olçalmay bolurhe must not be mowing | bizçalmay bolurbuzwe must not be mowing | sizçalmay bolursuzyou all must not be mowing | alaçalmay bolurlathey must not be mowing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençala tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of mowing | sençala tura bolursayou must be in the middle of mowing | olçala tura bolurhe must be in the middle of mowing | bizçala tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of mowing | sizçala tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of mowing | alaçala tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of mowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mençalmay tura bolurmaI must keep on not mowing | sençalmay tura bolursayou must keep on not mowing | olçalmay tura bolurhe must keep on not mowing | bizçalmay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not mowing | sizçalmay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not mowing | alaçalmay tura bolurlathey must keep on not mowing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mençalğan bolurmaI must have mowed | sençalğan bolursayou must have mowed | olçalğan bolurhe must have mowed | bizçalğan bolurbuzwe must have mowed | sizçalğan bolursuzyou all must have mowed | alaçalğan bolurlathey must have mowed |
| Inference (must have) | mençalmağan bolurmaI must not have mowed | sençalmağan bolursayou must not have mowed | olçalmağan bolurhe must not have mowed | bizçalmağan bolurbuzwe must not have mowed | sizçalmağan bolursuzyou all must not have mowed | alaçalmağan bolurlathey must not have mowed |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençallıq bolurmaI must be going to mow | sençallıq bolursayou must be going to mow | olçallıq bolurhe must be going to mow | bizçallıq bolurbuzwe must be going to mow | sizçallıq bolursuzyou all must be going to mow | alaçallıq bolurlathey must be going to mow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mençalmazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to mow | sençalmazlıq bolursayou must not be going to mow | olçalmazlıq bolurhe must not be going to mow | bizçalmazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to mow | sizçalmazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to mow | alaçalmazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to mow |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mençalayımlet me mow | sençal!mow! | olçalsınlet him mow | bizçalayıqlet's mow | sizçalığız!mow, you all! | alaçalsınlalet them mow |
| Commands & suggestions | mençalmayımlet me not mow | sençalma!don't mow! | olçalmasınlet him not mow | bizçalmayıqlet's not mow | sizçalmağız!don't mow, you all! | alaçalmasınlalet them not mow |
| Commands & suggestions | mençalayımmı?shall I mow? | olçalsınmı?should he mow? | bizçalayıqmı?shall we mow? | alaçalsınlamı?should they mow? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mençalmayımmı?shall I not mow? | olçalmasınmı?should he not mow? | bizçalmayıqmı?shall we not mow? | alaçalmasınlamı?should they not mow? | ||
| Requests | sençalçı2çalçınplease mow | olçalsınçıdo let him mow | sizçalçığızplease mow (plural/polite) | alaçalsınlaçıdo let them mow | ||
| Requests | sençalmaçı2çalmaçınplease don't mow | olçalmasınçıdo let him not mow | sizçalmaçığızplease don't mow (plural/polite) | alaçalmasınlaçıdo let them not mow | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençalğınçalğımay you mow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sençalmağınçalmağımay you not mow | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençalğay edim çalğa edimwould that I mowed | sençalğay ediŋ çalğa ediŋwould that you mowed | olçalğay edi çalğa ediwould that he mowed | bizçalğay edik çalğa edikwould that we mowed | sizçalğay edigiz çalğa edigizwould that you all mowed | alaçalğay edile çalğa edilewould that they mowed |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mençalmağay edim çalmağa edimwould that I did not mow | sençalmağay ediŋ çalmağa ediŋwould that you did not mow | olçalmağay edi çalmağa ediwould that he did not mow | bizçalmağay edik çalmağa edikwould that we did not mow | sizçalmağay edigiz çalmağa edigizwould that you all did not mow | alaçalmağay edile çalmağa edilewould that they did not mow |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençalmağa qoyayımçalma qoyayımlet me allow someone to mow | sençalmağa qoy!çalma qoy!let someone mow! | olçalmağa qoysunçalma qoysunlet him allow someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoyayıqçalma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoyuğuz!çalma qoyuğuz!let someone mow, you all! | alaçalmağa qoysunlaçalma qoysunlalet them allow someone to mow |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençalmağa qoymayımçalma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to mow | sençalmağa qoyma!çalma qoyma!don't let someone mow! | olçalmağa qoymasınçalma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoymayıqçalma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoymağız!çalma qoymağız!don't let someone mow, you all! | alaçalmağa qoymasınlaçalma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to mow |
| Let someone… (commands) | mençalmağa qoyayımmı?çalma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoysunmu?çalma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoyayıqmı?çalma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoysunlamı?çalma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to mow? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mençalmağa qoymayımmı?çalma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoymasınmı?çalma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoymayıqmı?çalma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoymasınlamı?çalma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to mow? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mençalmağa qoyamaçalma qoyamaI allow someone to mow | sençalmağa qoyasaçalma qoyasayou allow someone to mow | olçalmağa qoyadıçalma qoyadıhe allows someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoyabızçalma qoyabızwe allow someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoyasızçalma qoyasızyou all allow someone to mow | alaçalmağa qoyadılaçalma qoyadılathey allow someone to mow |
| Let someone… (present) | mençalmağa qoymaymaçalma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to mow | sençalmağa qoymaysaçalma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to mow | olçalmağa qoymaydıçalma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoymaybızçalma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoymaysızçalma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to mow | alaçalmağa qoymaydılaçalma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to mow |
| Let someone… (present) | mençalmağa qoyamamı?çalma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to mow? | sençalmağa qoyamısa?çalma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoyamıdı?çalma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoyabızmı?çalma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to mow? | sizçalmağa qoyamısız?çalma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoyamıdıla?çalma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to mow? |
| Let someone… (present) | mençalmağa qoymaymamı?çalma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to mow? | sençalmağa qoymaymısa?çalma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoymaymıdı?çalma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoymaybızmı?çalma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to mow? | sizçalmağa qoymaymısız?çalma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoymaymıdıla?çalma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to mow? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençalmağa qoydumçalma qoydumI allowed someone to mow | sençalmağa qoyduŋçalma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to mow | olçalmağa qoyduçalma qoyduhe allowed someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoyduqçalma qoyduqwe allowed someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoyduğuzçalma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to mow | alaçalmağa qoydulaçalma qoydulathey allowed someone to mow |
| Let someone… (past) | mençalmağa qoymadımçalma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to mow | sençalmağa qoymadıŋçalma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to mow | olçalmağa qoymadıçalma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to mow | bizçalmağa qoymadıqçalma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to mow | sizçalmağa qoymadığızçalma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to mow | alaçalmağa qoymadılaçalma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to mow |
| Let someone… (past) | mençalmağa qoydummu?çalma qoydummu?did I allow someone to mow? | sençalmağa qoyduŋmu?çalma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoydumu?çalma qoydumu?did he allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoyduqmu?çalma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to mow? | sizçalmağa qoyduğuzmu?çalma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoydulamı?çalma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to mow? |
| Let someone… (past) | mençalmağa qoymadımmı?çalma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to mow? | sençalmağa qoymadıŋmı?çalma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to mow? | olçalmağa qoymadımı?çalma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to mow? | bizçalmağa qoymadıqmı?çalma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to mow? | sizçalmağa qoymadığızmı?çalma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to mow? | alaçalmağa qoymadılamı?çalma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to mow? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
çalalırğa be able to mow · çalalmazğa be unable to mow
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mençalalamaI can mow | sençalalasayou can mow | olçalaladıhe can mow | bizçalalabızwe can mow | sizçalalasızyou all can mow | alaçalaladılathey can mow |
| Ability — present | mençalalmaymaI can't mow | sençalalmaysayou can't mow | olçalalmaydıhe can't mow | bizçalalmaybızwe can't mow | sizçalalmaysızyou all can't mow | alaçalalmaydılathey can't mow |
| Ability — present | mençalalamamı? çalalamıma?can I mow? | sençalalamısa?can you mow? | olçalalamıdı?can he mow? | bizçalalabızmı? çalalamıbız?can we mow? | sizçalalamısız?can you all mow? | alaçalalamıdıla?can they mow? |
| Ability — present | mençalalmaymamı? çalalmaymıma?can't I mow? | sençalalmaymısa?can't you mow? | olçalalmaymıdı?can't he mow? | bizçalalmaybızmı? çalalmaymıbız?can't we mow? | sizçalalmaymısız?can't you all mow? | alaçalalmaymıdıla?can't they mow? |
| Ability — if I can… | mençalalsamif I can mow | sençalalsaŋif you can mow | olçalalsaif he can mow | bizçalalsaqif we can mow | sizçalalsağızif you all can mow | alaçalalsalaif they can mow |
| Ability — if I can… | mençalalmasamif I can't mow | sençalalmasaŋif you can't mow | olçalalmasaif he can't mow | bizçalalmasaqif we can't mow | sizçalalmasağızif you all can't mow | alaçalalmasalaif they can't mow |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mençalaldımI was able to mow | sençalaldıŋyou were able to mow | olçalaldıhe was able to mow | bizçalaldıqwe were able to mow | sizçalaldığızyou all were able to mow | alaçalaldılathey were able to mow |
| Ability — simple past | mençalalmadımI could not mow | sençalalmadıŋyou could not mow | olçalalmadıhe could not mow | bizçalalmadıqwe could not mow | sizçalalmadığızyou all could not mow | alaçalalmadılathey could not mow |
| Ability — simple past | mençalaldımmı?was I able to mow? | sençalaldıŋmı?were you able to mow? | olçalaldımı?was he able to mow? | bizçalaldıqmı?were we able to mow? | sizçalaldığızmı?were you all able to mow? | alaçalaldılamı?were they able to mow? |
| Ability — simple past | mençalalmadımmı?couldn't I mow? | sençalalmadıŋmı?couldn't you mow? | olçalalmadımı?couldn't he mow? | bizçalalmadıqmı?couldn't we mow? | sizçalalmadığızmı?couldn't you all mow? | alaçalalmadılamı?couldn't they mow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençalalğanmaI have been able to mow | sençalalğansayou have been able to mow | olçalalğandıhe has been able to mow | bizçalalğanbızwe have been able to mow | sizçalalğansızyou all have been able to mow | alaçalalğandılathey have been able to mow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençalalmağanmaI haven't been able to mow | sençalalmağansayou haven't been able to mow | olçalalmağandıhe hasn't been able to mow | bizçalalmağanbızwe haven't been able to mow | sizçalalmağansızyou all haven't been able to mow | alaçalalmağandılathey haven't been able to mow |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençalalğanmamı? çalalğanmıma?have I been able to mow? | sençalalğanmısa?have you been able to mow? | olçalalğanmıdı?has he been able to mow? | bizçalalğanbızmı? çalalğanmıbız?have we been able to mow? | sizçalalğanmısız?have you all been able to mow? | alaçalalğanmıdıla?have they been able to mow? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mençalalmağanmamı? çalalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to mow? | sençalalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to mow? | olçalalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to mow? | bizçalalmağanbızmı? çalalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to mow? | sizçalalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to mow? | alaçalalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to mow? |
| Ability — past perfect | mençalalğan edimçalalğanemI had been able to mow | sençalalğan ediŋçalalğaneŋyou had been able to mow | olçalalğan ediçalalğanedhe had been able to mow | bizçalalğan edikçalalğanekwe had been able to mow | sizçalalğan edigizçalalğanegizyou all had been able to mow | alaçalalğan edileçalalğanellethey had been able to mow |
| Ability — past perfect | mençalalmağan edimçalalmağanemI hadn't been able to mow | sençalalmağan ediŋçalalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to mow | olçalalmağan ediçalalmağanedhe hadn't been able to mow | bizçalalmağan edikçalalmağanekwe hadn't been able to mow | sizçalalmağan edigizçalalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to mow | alaçalalmağan edileçalalmağanellethey hadn't been able to mow |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mençalala edimçalalaemI could mow | sençalala ediŋçalalaeŋyou could mow | olçalala ediçalalaedhe could mow | bizçalala edikçalalaekwe could mow | sizçalala edigizçalalaegizyou all could mow | alaçalala edileçalalaellethey could mow |
| Ability — past background | mençalalmay edimçalalmayemI could not mow | sençalalmay ediŋçalalmayeŋyou could not mow | olçalalmay ediçalalmayedhe could not mow | bizçalalmay edikçalalmayekwe could not mow | sizçalalmay edigizçalalmayegizyou all could not mow | alaçalalmay edileçalalmayellethey could not mow |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mençalalırmaI will be able to mow | sençalalırsayou will be able to mow | olçalalırhe will be able to mow | bizçalalırbızwe will be able to mow | sizçalalırsızyou all will be able to mow | alaçalalırlathey will be able to mow |
| Ability — future I | mençalalmazmaI won't be able to mow | sençalalmazsayou won't be able to mow | olçalalmazhe won't be able to mow | bizçalalmazbızwe won't be able to mow | sizçalalmazsızyou all won't be able to mow | alaçalalmazlathey won't be able to mow |
| Ability — future I | mençalalırmamı? çalalırmıma?will I be able to mow? | sençalalırmısa?will you be able to mow? | olçalalırmı?will he be able to mow? | bizçalalırbızmı? çalalırmıbız?will we be able to mow? | sizçalalırmısız?will you all be able to mow? | alaçalalırlamı? çalalırmıla?will they be able to mow? |
| Ability — future I | mençalalmazmamı? çalalmazmıma?won't I be able to mow? | sençalalmazmısa?won't you be able to mow? | olçalalmazmı?won't he be able to mow? | bizçalalmazbızmı? çalalmazmıbız?won't we be able to mow? | sizçalalmazmısız?won't you all be able to mow? | alaçalalmazlamı? çalalmazmıla?won't they be able to mow? |
| Ability — future II | mençalallıqmaI am going to be able to mow | sençalallıqsayou are going to be able to mow | olçalallıqdıhe is going to be able to mow | bizçalallıqbızwe are going to be able to mow | sizçalallıqsızyou all are going to be able to mow | alaçalallıqdılathey are going to be able to mow |
| Ability — future II | mençalallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to mow | sençalallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to mow | olçalallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to mow | bizçalallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to mow | sizçalallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to mow | alaçalallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to mow |
| Ability — future II | mençalallıqmamı? çalallıqmıma?am I going to be able to mow? | sençalallıqmısa?are you going to be able to mow? | olçalallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to mow? | bizçalallıqbızmı? çalallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to mow? | sizçalallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to mow? | alaçalallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to mow? |
| Ability — future II | mençalallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to mow? | sençalallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to mow? | olçalallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to mow? | bizçalallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to mow? | sizçalallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to mow? | alaçalallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to mow? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençalalır edimçalalır emI would be able to mow | sençalalır ediŋçalalır eŋyou would be able to mow | olçalalır ediçalalır edhe would be able to mow | bizçalalır edikçalalır ekwe would be able to mow | sizçalalır edigizçalalır egizyou all would be able to mow | alaçalalır edileçalalır ellethey would be able to mow |
| Ability — would be able to… | mençalalmaz edimçalalmaz emI wouldn't be able to mow | sençalalmaz ediŋçalalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to mow | olçalalmaz ediçalalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to mow | bizçalalmaz edikçalalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to mow | sizçalalmaz edigizçalalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to mow | alaçalalmaz edileçalalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to mow |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençalalğınçalalğımay you be able to mow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sençalalmağınçalalmağımay you not be able to mow | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mençalırğa izleymeI want to mow | sençalırğa izleyseyou want to mow | olçalırğa izleydihe wants to mow | bizçalırğa izleybizwe want to mow | sizçalırğa izleysizyou all want to mow | alaçalırğa izleydilethey want to mow |
| want to | mençalırğa izlemeymeI do not want to mow | sençalırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to mow | olçalırğa izlemeydihe does not want to mow | bizçalırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to mow | sizçalırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to mow | alaçalırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to mow |
| would like to | mençalırğa süemeI would like to mow | sençalırğa süeseyou would like to mow | olçalırğa süedihe would like to mow | bizçalırğa süebizwe would like to mow | sizçalırğa süesizyou all would like to mow | alaçalırğa süedilethey would like to mow |
| would like to | mençalırğa süymeymeI would not like to mow | sençalırğa süymeyseyou would not like to mow | olçalırğa süymeydihe would not like to mow | bizçalırğa süymeybizwe would not like to mow | sizçalırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to mow | alaçalırğa süymeydilethey would not like to mow |
| hope to | mençalırğa umutlanamaI hope to mow | sençalırğa umutlanasayou hope to mow | olçalırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to mow | bizçalırğa umutlanabızwe hope to mow | sizçalırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to mow | alaçalırğa umutlanadılathey hope to mow |
| hope to | mençalırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to mow | sençalırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to mow | olçalırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to mow | bizçalırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to mow | sizçalırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to mow | alaçalırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to mow |
| be about to | mençalırğa deb turamaI am about to mow | sençalırğa deb turasayou are about to mow | olçalırğa deb turadıhe is about to mow | bizçalırğa deb turabızwe are about to mow | sizçalırğa deb turasızyou all are about to mow | alaçalırğa deb turadılathey are about to mow |
| be about to | mençalırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to mow | sençalırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to mow | olçalırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to mow | bizçalırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to mow | sizçalırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to mow | alaçalırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to mow |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mençalırğa kerekmeI need to mow | sençalırğa kerekseyou need to mow | olçalırğa kerekdihe needs to mow | bizçalırğa kerekbizwe need to mow | sizçalırğa kereksizyou all need to mow | alaçalırğa kerekdilethey need to mow |
| need to | mençalırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to mow | sençalırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to mow | olçalırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to mow | bizçalırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to mow | sizçalırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to mow | alaçalırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to mow |
| have to | menmenŋe çalırğa tüşediI have to mow | sensenŋe çalırğa tüşediyou have to mow | olaŋa çalırğa tüşedihe has to mow | bizbizge çalırğa tüşediwe have to mow | sizsizge çalırğa tüşediyou all have to mow | alaalağa çalırğa tüşedithey have to mow |
| have to | menmenŋe çalırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to mow | sensenŋe çalırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to mow | olaŋa çalırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to mow | bizbizge çalırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to mow | sizsizge çalırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to mow | alaalağa çalırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to mow |
| be obliged to | mençalırğa borçlumaI am obliged to mow | sençalırğa borçlusayou are obliged to mow | olçalırğa borçluduhe is obliged to mow | bizçalırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to mow | sizçalırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to mow | alaçalırğa borçludulathey are obliged to mow |
| be obliged to | mençalırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to mow | sençalırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to mow | olçalırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to mow | bizçalırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to mow | sizçalırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to mow | alaçalırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to mow |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mençalırğa madarım bardıI have a way to mow | sençalırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to mow | olçalırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to mow | bizçalırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to mow | sizçalırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to mow | alaçalırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to mow |
| have a way to | mençalırğa madarım joqduI have no way to mow | sençalırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to mow | olçalırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to mow | bizçalırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to mow | sizçalırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to mow | alaçalırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to mow |
| be free to | mençalırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to mow | sençalırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to mow | olçalırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to mow | bizçalırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to mow | sizçalırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to mow | alaçalırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to mow |
| be free to | mençalırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to mow | sençalırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to mow | olçalırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to mow | bizçalırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to mow | sizçalırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to mow | alaçalırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to mow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to mow | sensenŋe çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to mow | olaŋa çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to mow | bizbizge çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to mow | sizsizge çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to mow | alaalağa çalırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to mow |
| be possible to | menmenŋe çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to mow | sensenŋe çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to mow | olaŋa çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to mow | bizbizge çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to mow | sizsizge çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to mow | alaalağa çalırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to mow |
| be ready to | mençalırğa hazırmaI am ready to mow | sençalırğa hazırsayou are ready to mow | olçalırğa hazırdıhe is ready to mow | bizçalırğa hazırbızwe are ready to mow | sizçalırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to mow | alaçalırğa hazırdılathey are ready to mow |
| be ready to | mençalırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to mow | sençalırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to mow | olçalırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to mow | bizçalırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to mow | sizçalırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to mow | alaçalırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to mow |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mençalırğa küreşemeI am trying to mow | sençalırğa küreşeseyou are trying to mow | olçalırğa küreşedihe is trying to mow | bizçalırğa küreşebizwe are trying to mow | sizçalırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to mow | alaçalırğa küreşedilethey are trying to mow |
| try to | mençalırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to mow | sençalırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to mow | olçalırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to mow | bizçalırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to mow | sizçalırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to mow | alaçalırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to mow |
| agree to | mençalırğa unaymaI agree to mow | sençalırğa unaysayou agree to mow | olçalırğa unaydıhe agrees to mow | bizçalırğa unaybızwe agree to mow | sizçalırğa unaysızyou all agree to mow | alaçalırğa unaydılathey agree to mow |
| agree to | mençalırğa unamaymaI refuse to mow | sençalırğa unamaysayou refuse to mow | olçalırğa unamaydıhe refuses to mow | bizçalırğa unamaybızwe refuse to mow | sizçalırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to mow | alaçalırğa unamaydılathey refuse to mow |
| hurry to | mençalırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to mow | sençalırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to mow | olçalırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to mow | bizçalırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to mow | sizçalırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to mow | alaçalırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to mow |
| hurry to | mençalırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to mow | sençalırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to mow | olçalırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to mow | bizçalırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to mow | sizçalırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to mow | alaçalırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to mow |
| be afraid to | mençalırğa qorqamaI am afraid to mow | sençalırğa qorqasayou are afraid to mow | olçalırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to mow | bizçalırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to mow | sizçalırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to mow | alaçalırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to mow |
| be afraid to | mençalırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to mow | sençalırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to mow | olçalırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to mow | bizçalırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to mow | sizçalırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to mow | alaçalırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to mow |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mençala bolmazmaI can't be mowing | sençala bolmazsayou can't be mowing | olçala bolmazhe can't be mowing | bizçala bolmazbızwe can't be mowing | sizçala bolmazsızyou all can't be mowing | alaçala bolmazlathey can't be mowing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mençalmay bolmazmaI must be mowing (emphatic) | sençalmay bolmazsayou must be mowing (emphatic) | olçalmay bolmazhe must be mowing (emphatic) | bizçalmay bolmazbızwe must be mowing (emphatic) | sizçalmay bolmazsızyou all must be mowing (emphatic) | alaçalmay bolmazlathey must be mowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mençala turmasamif I don't keep mowing | sençala turmasaŋif you don't keep mowing | olçala turmasaif he doesn't keep mowing | bizçala turmasaqif we don't keep mowing | sizçala turmasağızif you all don't keep mowing | alaçala turmasalaif they don't keep mowing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mençala tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of mowing | sençala tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of mowing | olçala tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of mowing | bizçala tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of mowing | sizçala tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of mowing | alaçala tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of mowing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mençalmay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not mowing (emphatic) | sençalmay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not mowing (emphatic) | olçalmay tura bolmazhe must keep on not mowing (emphatic) | bizçalmay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not mowing (emphatic) | sizçalmay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not mowing (emphatic) | alaçalmay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not mowing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mençalmay turamaI keep on not mowing | sençalmay turasayou keep on not mowing | olçalmay turadıhe keeps on not mowing | bizçalmay turabızwe keep on not mowing | sizçalmay turasızyou all keep on not mowing | alaçalmay turadılathey keep on not mowing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençalmay turmaymaI am not keeping on not mowing | sençalmay turmaysayou are not keeping on not mowing | olçalmay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not mowing | bizçalmay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not mowing | sizçalmay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not mowing | alaçalmay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not mowing |
| Progressive — double negation | mençalmay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not mowing? | sençalmay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not mowing? | olçalmay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not mowing? | bizçalmay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not mowing? | sizçalmay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not mowing? | alaçalmay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not mowing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mençalğan bolmazmaI can't have mowed | sençalğan bolmazsayou can't have mowed | olçalğan bolmazhe can't have mowed | bizçalğan bolmazbızwe can't have mowed | sizçalğan bolmazsızyou all can't have mowed | alaçalğan bolmazlathey can't have mowed |
| Inference — double negation | mençalmağan bolmazmaI must have mowed (emphatic) | sençalmağan bolmazsayou must have mowed (emphatic) | olçalmağan bolmazhe must have mowed (emphatic) | bizçalmağan bolmazbızwe must have mowed (emphatic) | sizçalmağan bolmazsızyou all must have mowed (emphatic) | alaçalmağan bolmazlathey must have mowed (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mençalğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had mowed | sençalğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had mowed | olçalğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had mowed | bizçalğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had mowed | sizçalğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had mowed | alaçalğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had mowed |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mençalmağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't mowed | sençalmağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't mowed | olçalmağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't mowed | bizçalmağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't mowed | sizçalmağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't mowed | alaçalmağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't mowed |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mençallıq bolmazmaI can't be going to mow | sençallıq bolmazsayou can't be going to mow | olçallıq bolmazhe can't be going to mow | bizçallıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to mow | sizçallıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to mow | alaçallıq bolmazlathey can't be going to mow |
| Inference, future — double negation | mençalmazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to mow (emphatic) | sençalmazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to mow (emphatic) | olçalmazlıq bolmazhe must be going to mow (emphatic) | bizçalmazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to mow (emphatic) | sizçalmazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to mow (emphatic) | alaçalmazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to mow (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mençallıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to mow | sençallıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to mow | olçallıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to mow | bizçallıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to mow | sizçallıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to mow | alaçallıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to mow |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mençalmazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to mow | sençalmazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to mow | olçalmazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to mow | bizçalmazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to mow | sizçalmazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to mow | alaçalmazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to mow |