eşerge
/eʃerɡe/
1. plait, weave (withies, ribbons, baskets, wreaths)
- çalman eşerge — to weave a wattle fence
- çıbıqdan eşerge — to plait out of withies
- ol çalman eşedi — he is weaving a wattle fence
- çalmannı kesi eşdi — he wove the wattle fence himself
2. knit (socks, a sweater, a shawl)
- çınday eşerge — to knit socks
- anam çınday eşedi — my mother is knitting socks
- çındayla bla qol qapla eşgendi — has knitted socks and mittens
- ol menŋe çınday eşdi — she knitted socks for me
- men jawluq eşeme — I am knitting a headscarf
3. braid, plait (hair)
- eşme eşerge — to plait a braid
- çaçnı eşerge — to braid the hair
- qız çaçın eşedi — the girl is braiding her hair
- çaçıŋı eş — braid your hair
- çaçha lenta eşerge — to plait a ribbon into the hair
4. twist, twine (rope, thread)
- jıjım eşerge — to twist a rope
- atam jıjım eşedi — my father is twisting a rope
- jıjımnı eşdile — they twisted the rope
Expressions
- halı eşerge — seek a pretext; set one's sights
Conjugation
Common forms
- eşedihe is plaiting
- eşdihe plaited
- eşgendihe has plaited
- eşerhe will plait
- eşerikdihe is going to plait
- eşe edihe was plaiting
- eşseif he plaits
- eş!plait!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşemeI am plaiting | seneşeseyou are plaiting | oleşedihe is plaiting | bizeşebizwe are plaiting | sizeşesizyou all are plaiting | alaeşedilethey are plaiting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşmeymeI am not plaiting | seneşmeyseyou are not plaiting | oleşmeydihe is not plaiting | bizeşmeybizwe are not plaiting | sizeşmeysizyou all are not plaiting | alaeşmeydilethey are not plaiting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşememi? eşemime?am I plaiting? | seneşemise?are you plaiting? | oleşemidi?is he plaiting? | bizeşebizmi? eşemibiz?are we plaiting? | sizeşemisiz?are you all plaiting? | alaeşemidile?are they plaiting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | meneşmeymemi? eşmeymime?aren't I plaiting? | seneşmeymise?aren't you plaiting? | oleşmeymidi?isn't he plaiting? | bizeşmeybizmi? eşmeymibiz?aren't we plaiting? | sizeşmeymisiz?aren't you all plaiting? | alaeşmeymidile?aren't they plaiting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşiwçenmeI usually plait | seneşiwçenseyou usually plait | oleşiwçendihe usually plaits | bizeşiwçenbizwe usually plait | sizeşiwçensizyou all usually plait | alaeşiwçendilethey usually plait |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşmewçenmeI usually don't plait | seneşmewçenseyou usually don't plait | oleşmewçendihe usually doesn't plait | bizeşmewçenbizwe usually don't plait | sizeşmewçensizyou all usually don't plait | alaeşmewçendilethey usually don't plait |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşiwçenmemi? eşiwçenmime?do I usually plait? | seneşiwçenmise?do you usually plait? | oleşiwçenmidi?does he usually plait? | bizeşiwçenbizmi? eşiwçenmibiz?do we usually plait? | sizeşiwçenmisiz?do you all usually plait? | alaeşiwçenmidile?do they usually plait? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | meneşmewçenmemi? eşmewçenmime?do I usually not plait? | seneşmewçenmise?do you usually not plait? | oleşmewçenmidi?does he usually not plait? | bizeşmewçenbizmi? eşmewçenmibiz?do we usually not plait? | sizeşmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not plait? | alaeşmewçenmidile?do they usually not plait? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşibdihe has plaited and remains so | alaeşibdilethey have plaited and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oleşibmidi?has he plaited? | alaeşibmidile?have they plaited? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşib turamaI keep plaiting | seneşib turasayou keep plaiting | oleşib turadıhe keeps plaiting | bizeşib turabızwe keep plaiting | sizeşib turasızyou all keep plaiting | alaeşib turadılathey keep plaiting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşib turmaymaI don't keep plaiting | seneşib turmaysayou don't keep plaiting | oleşib turmaydıhe doesn't keep plaiting | bizeşib turmaybızwe don't keep plaiting | sizeşib turmaysızyou all don't keep plaiting | alaeşib turmaydılathey don't keep plaiting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşib turamamı? eşib turamıma?do I keep plaiting? | seneşib turamısa?do you keep plaiting? | oleşib turamıdı?does he keep plaiting? | bizeşib turabızmı? eşib turamıbız?do we keep plaiting? | sizeşib turamısız?do you all keep plaiting? | alaeşib turamıdıla?do they keep plaiting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | meneşib turmaymamı? eşib turmaymıma?don't I keep plaiting? | seneşib turmaymısa?don't you keep plaiting? | oleşib turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep plaiting? | bizeşib turmaybızmı? eşib turmaymıbız?don't we keep plaiting? | sizeşib turmaymısız?don't you all keep plaiting? | alaeşib turmaymıdıla?don't they keep plaiting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşe turamaI am in the middle of plaiting | seneşe turasayou are in the middle of plaiting | oleşe turadıhe is in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe turabızwe are in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe turasızyou all are in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe turadılathey are in the middle of plaiting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşe turmaymaI am not in the middle of plaiting | seneşe turmaysayou are not in the middle of plaiting | oleşe turmaydıhe is not in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe turmaybızwe are not in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe turmaydılathey are not in the middle of plaiting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşe turamamı? eşe turamıma?am I in the middle of plaiting? | seneşe turamısa?are you in the middle of plaiting? | oleşe turamıdı?is he in the middle of plaiting? | bizeşe turabızmı? eşe turamıbız?are we in the middle of plaiting? | sizeşe turamısız?are you all in the middle of plaiting? | alaeşe turamıdıla?are they in the middle of plaiting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | meneşe turmaymamı? eşe turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of plaiting? | seneşe turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of plaiting? | oleşe turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of plaiting? | bizeşe turmaybızmı? eşe turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of plaiting? | sizeşe turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of plaiting? | alaeşe turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of plaiting? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşdimI plaited | seneşdiŋyou plaited | oleşdihe plaited | bizeşdikwe plaited | sizeşdigizyou all plaited | alaeşdilethey plaited |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşmedimI didn't plait | seneşmediŋyou didn't plait | oleşmedihe didn't plait | bizeşmedikwe didn't plait | sizeşmedigizyou all didn't plait | alaeşmedilethey didn't plait |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşdimmi?did I plait? | seneşdiŋmi?did you plait? | oleşdimi?did he plait? | bizeşdikmi?did we plait? | sizeşdigizmi?did you all plait? | alaeşdilemi?did they plait? |
| Simple past (definite) | meneşmedimmi?didn't I plait? | seneşmediŋmi?didn't you plait? | oleşmedimi?didn't he plait? | bizeşmedikmi?didn't we plait? | sizeşmedigizmi?didn't you all plait? | alaeşmedilemi?didn't they plait? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşgenmeI have plaited | seneşgenseyou have plaited | oleşgendihe has plaited | bizeşgenbizwe have plaited | sizeşgensizyou all have plaited | alaeşgendilethey have plaited |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşmegenmeI haven't plaited | seneşmegenseyou haven't plaited | oleşmegendihe hasn't plaited | bizeşmegenbizwe haven't plaited | sizeşmegensizyou all haven't plaited | alaeşmegendilethey haven't plaited |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşgenmemi? eşgenmime?have I plaited? | seneşgenmise?have you plaited? | oleşgenmidi?has he plaited? | bizeşgenbizmi? eşgenmibiz?have we plaited? | sizeşgenmisiz?have you all plaited? | alaeşgenmidile?have they plaited? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | meneşmegenmemi? eşmegenmime?haven't I plaited? | seneşmegenmise?haven't you plaited? | oleşmegenmidi?hasn't he plaited? | bizeşmegenbizmi? eşmegenmibiz?haven't we plaited? | sizeşmegenmisiz?haven't you all plaited? | alaeşmegenmidile?haven't they plaited? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşib turdumI kept plaiting | seneşib turduŋyou kept plaiting | oleşib turduhe kept plaiting | bizeşib turduqwe kept plaiting | sizeşib turduğuzyou all kept plaiting | alaeşib turdulathey kept plaiting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | meneşib turmadımI didn't keep plaiting | seneşib turmadıŋyou didn't keep plaiting | oleşib turmadıhe didn't keep plaiting | bizeşib turmadıqwe didn't keep plaiting | sizeşib turmadığızyou all didn't keep plaiting | alaeşib turmadılathey didn't keep plaiting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşermeI will plait | seneşerseyou will plait | oleşerhe will plait | bizeşerbizwe will plait | sizeşersizyou all will plait | alaeşerlethey will plait |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşmezmeI won't plait | seneşmezseyou won't plait | oleşmezhe won't plait | bizeşmezbizwe won't plait | sizeşmezsizyou all won't plait | alaeşmezlethey won't plait |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşermemi? eşermime?will I plait? | seneşermise?will you plait? | oleşermi?will he plait? | bizeşerbizmi? eşermibiz?will we plait? | sizeşermisiz?will you all plait? | alaeşerlemi? eşermile?will they plait? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | meneşmezmemi? eşmezmime?won't I plait? | seneşmezmise?won't you plait? | oleşmezmi?won't he plait? | bizeşmezbizmi? eşmezmibiz?won't we plait? | sizeşmezmisiz?won't you all plait? | alaeşmezlemi? eşmezmile?won't they plait? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşerikmeI am going to plait | seneşerikseyou are going to plait | oleşerikdihe is going to plait | bizeşerikbizwe are going to plait | sizeşeriksizyou all are going to plait | alaeşerikdilethey are going to plait |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşerik tülmeI am not going to plait | seneşerik tülseyou are not going to plait | oleşerik tüldühe is not going to plait | bizeşerik tülbüzwe are not going to plait | sizeşerik tülsüzyou all are not going to plait | alaeşerik tüldülethey are not going to plait |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşerikmemi? eşerikmime?am I going to plait? | seneşerikmise?are you going to plait? | oleşerikmidi?is he going to plait? | bizeşerikbizmi? eşerikmibiz?are we going to plait? | sizeşerikmisiz?are you all going to plait? | alaeşerikmidile?are they going to plait? |
| Definite future (future II) | meneşerik tülmüme?aren't I going to plait? | seneşerik tülmüse?aren't you going to plait? | oleşerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to plait? | bizeşerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to plait? | sizeşerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to plait? | alaeşerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to plait? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşgen edimeşgenemI had plaited | seneşgen ediŋeşgeneŋyou had plaited | oleşgen edieşgenedhe had plaited | bizeşgen edikeşgenekwe had plaited | sizeşgen edigizeşgenegizyou all had plaited | alaeşgen edileeşgenellethey had plaited |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | meneşmegen edimeşmegenemI hadn't plaited | seneşmegen ediŋeşmegeneŋyou hadn't plaited | oleşmegen edieşmegenedhe hadn't plaited | bizeşmegen edikeşmegenekwe hadn't plaited | sizeşmegen edigizeşmegenegizyou all hadn't plaited | alaeşmegen edileeşmegenellethey hadn't plaited |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşe edimeşemI was plaiting | seneşe ediŋeşeŋyou were plaiting | oleşe edieşedhe was plaiting | bizeşe edikeşekwe were plaiting | sizeşe edigizeşegizyou all were plaiting | alaeşe edileeşellethey were plaiting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | meneşmey edimeşmeyemI wasn't plaiting | seneşmey ediŋeşmeyeŋyou weren't plaiting | oleşmey edieşmeyedhe wasn't plaiting | bizeşmey edikeşmeyekwe weren't plaiting | sizeşmey edigizeşmeyegizyou all weren't plaiting | alaeşmey edileeşmeyellethey weren't plaiting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşiwçen edimeşiwçenemI used to plait | seneşiwçen ediŋeşiwçeneŋyou used to plait | oleşiwçen edieşiwçenedhe used to plait | bizeşiwçen edikeşiwçenekwe used to plait | sizeşiwçen edigizeşiwçenegizyou all used to plait | alaeşiwçen edileeşiwçenellethey used to plait |
| Habitual past (used to) | meneşmewçen edimeşmewçenemI didn't use to plait | seneşmewçen ediŋeşmewçeneŋyou didn't use to plait | oleşmewçen edieşmewçenedhe didn't use to plait | bizeşmewçen edikeşmewçenekwe didn't use to plait | sizeşmewçen edigizeşmewçenegizyou all didn't use to plait | alaeşmewçen edileeşmewçenellethey didn't use to plait |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşib edihe had plaited and remained so | alaeşib edilethey had plaited and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oleşib tül edihe hadn't plaited | alaeşib tül edilethey hadn't plaited | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşib tura edimeşib turaemI had kept plaiting | seneşib tura ediŋeşib turaeŋyou had kept plaiting | oleşib tura edieşib turaedhe had kept plaiting | bizeşib tura edikeşib turaekwe had kept plaiting | sizeşib tura edigizeşib turaegizyou all had kept plaiting | alaeşib tura edileeşib turaellethey had kept plaiting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | meneşib turmay edimeşib turmayemI hadn't kept plaiting | seneşib turmay ediŋeşib turmayeŋyou hadn't kept plaiting | oleşib turmay edieşib turmayedhe hadn't kept plaiting | bizeşib turmay edikeşib turmayekwe hadn't kept plaiting | sizeşib turmay edigizeşib turmayegizyou all hadn't kept plaiting | alaeşib turmay edileeşib turmayellethey hadn't kept plaiting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşe tura edimeşe turaemI was in the middle of plaiting | seneşe tura ediŋeşe turaeŋyou were in the middle of plaiting | oleşe tura edieşe turaedhe was in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe tura edikeşe turaekwe were in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe tura edigizeşe turaegizyou all were in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe tura edileeşe turaellethey were in the middle of plaiting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | meneşe turmay edimeşe turmayemI wasn't in the middle of plaiting | seneşe turmay ediŋeşe turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of plaiting | oleşe turmay edieşe turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe turmay edikeşe turmayekwe weren't in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe turmay edigizeşe turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe turmay edileeşe turmayellethey weren't in the middle of plaiting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | meneşer edimeşer emI would plait | seneşer ediŋeşer eŋyou would plait | oleşer edieşer edhe would plait | bizeşer edikeşer ekwe would plait | sizeşer edigizeşer egizyou all would plait | alaeşer edileeşer ellethey would plait |
| Conditional result (would) | meneşmez edimeşmez emI wouldn't plait | seneşmez ediŋeşmez eŋyou wouldn't plait | oleşmez edieşmez edhe wouldn't plait | bizeşmez edikeşmez ekwe wouldn't plait | sizeşmez edigizeşmez egizyou all wouldn't plait | alaeşmez edileeşmez ellethey wouldn't plait |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşerik edimeşerik emI would have plaited | seneşerik ediŋeşerik eŋyou would have plaited | oleşerik edieşerik edhe would have plaited | bizeşerik edikeşerik ekwe would have plaited | sizeşerik edigizeşerik egizyou all would have plaited | alaeşerik edileeşerik ellethey would have plaited |
| Past conditional result (would have) | meneşerik tül edimeşerik tül emI wouldn't have plaited | seneşerik tül ediŋeşerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have plaited | oleşerik tül edieşerik tül edhe wouldn't have plaited | bizeşerik tül edikeşerik tül ekwe wouldn't have plaited | sizeşerik tül edigizeşerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have plaited | alaeşerik tül edileeşerik tül ellethey wouldn't have plaited |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | meneşsemif I plait | seneşseŋif you plait | oleşseif he plaits | bizeşsekif we plait | sizeşsegizif you all plait | alaeşseleif they plait |
| Conditional | meneşmesemif I don't plait | seneşmeseŋif you don't plait | oleşmeseif he doesn't plait | bizeşmesekif we don't plait | sizeşmesegizif you all don't plait | alaeşmeseleif they don't plait |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | meneşe esemif I am plaiting | seneşe eseŋif you are plaiting | oleşe eseif he is plaiting | bizeşe esekif we are plaiting | sizeşe esegizif you all are plaiting | alaeşe eseleif they are plaiting |
| Conditional, present real | meneşmey esemif I am not plaiting | seneşmey eseŋif you are not plaiting | oleşmey eseif he is not plaiting | bizeşmey esekif we are not plaiting | sizeşmey esegizif you all are not plaiting | alaeşmey eseleif they are not plaiting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşsem edieşsem edif only I plaited | seneşseŋ edieşseŋ edif only you plaited | oleşse edieşsedif only he plaited | bizeşsek edieşsek edif only we plaited | sizeşsegiz edieşsegiz edif only you all plaited | alaeşsele edieşseledif only they plaited |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | meneşmesem edieşmesem edif only I didn't plait | seneşmeseŋ edieşmeseŋ edif only you didn't plait | oleşmese edieşmesedif only he didn't plait | bizeşmesek edieşmesek edif only we didn't plait | sizeşmesegiz edieşmesegiz edif only you all didn't plait | alaeşmesele edieşmeseledif only they didn't plait |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | meneşib tursamif I carry on plaiting | seneşib tursaŋif you carry on plaiting | oleşib tursaif he carries on plaiting | bizeşib tursaqif we carry on plaiting | sizeşib tursağızif you all carry on plaiting | alaeşib tursalaif they carry on plaiting |
| Durative conditional | meneşib turmasamif I don't carry on plaiting | seneşib turmasaŋif you don't carry on plaiting | oleşib turmasaif he doesn't carry on plaiting | bizeşib turmasaqif we don't carry on plaiting | sizeşib turmasağızif you all don't carry on plaiting | alaeşib turmasalaif they don't carry on plaiting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşib tura esemif I have kept plaiting | seneşib tura eseŋif you have kept plaiting | oleşib tura eseif he has kept plaiting | bizeşib tura esekif we have kept plaiting | sizeşib tura esegizif you all have kept plaiting | alaeşib tura eseleif they have kept plaiting |
| Durative conditional, present real | meneşib turmay esemif I haven't kept plaiting | seneşib turmay eseŋif you haven't kept plaiting | oleşib turmay eseif he hasn't kept plaiting | bizeşib turmay esekif we haven't kept plaiting | sizeşib turmay esegizif you all haven't kept plaiting | alaeşib turmay eseleif they haven't kept plaiting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | meneşe tursamif I keep plaiting | seneşe tursaŋif you keep plaiting | oleşe tursaif he keeps plaiting | bizeşe tursaqif we keep plaiting | sizeşe tursağızif you all keep plaiting | alaeşe tursalaif they keep plaiting |
| Progressive conditional | meneşmey tursamif I keep on not plaiting | seneşmey tursaŋif you keep on not plaiting | oleşmey tursaif he keeps on not plaiting | bizeşmey tursaqif we keep on not plaiting | sizeşmey tursağızif you all keep on not plaiting | alaeşmey tursalaif they keep on not plaiting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşe tura esemif I am in the middle of plaiting | seneşe tura eseŋif you are in the middle of plaiting | oleşe tura eseif he is in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe tura esekif we are in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe tura esegizif you all are in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe tura eseleif they are in the middle of plaiting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | meneşmey tura esemif I keep on not plaiting | seneşmey tura eseŋif you keep on not plaiting | oleşmey tura eseif he keeps on not plaiting | bizeşmey tura esekif we keep on not plaiting | sizeşmey tura esegizif you all keep on not plaiting | alaeşmey tura eseleif they keep on not plaiting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşdim esemif I plaited | seneşdiŋ eseŋif you plaited | oleşdi eseif he plaited | bizeşdik esekif we plaited | sizeşdigiz esegizif you all plaited | alaeşdile eseleif they plaited |
| Conditional, definite past1 | meneşmedim esemif I didn't plait | seneşmediŋ eseŋif you didn't plait | oleşmedi eseif he didn't plait | bizeşmedik esekif we didn't plait | sizeşmedigiz esegizif you all didn't plait | alaeşmedile eseleif they didn't plait |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | meneşgen esemif I did plait (indeed) | seneşgen eseŋif you did plait (indeed) | oleşgen eseif he did plait (indeed) | bizeşgen esekif we did plait (indeed) | sizeşgen esegizif you all did plait (indeed) | alaeşgen eseleif they did plait (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | meneşmegen esemif I didn't plait (indeed) | seneşmegen eseŋif you didn't plait (indeed) | oleşmegen eseif he didn't plait (indeed) | bizeşmegen esekif we didn't plait (indeed) | sizeşmegen esegizif you all didn't plait (indeed) | alaeşmegen eseleif they didn't plait (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşgen bolsamif I had plaited | seneşgen bolsaŋif you had plaited | oleşgen bolsaif he had plaited | bizeşgen bolsaqif we had plaited | sizeşgen bolsağızif you all had plaited | alaeşgen bolsalaif they had plaited |
| Conditional, counterfactual | meneşmegen bolsamif I hadn't plaited | seneşmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't plaited | oleşmegen bolsaif he hadn't plaited | bizeşmegen bolsaqif we hadn't plaited | sizeşmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't plaited | alaeşmegen bolsalaif they hadn't plaited |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşgen bolsam edieşgen bolsam edif only I had plaited | seneşgen bolsaŋ edieşgen bolsaŋ edif only you had plaited | oleşgen bolsa edieşgen bolsaedif only he had plaited | bizeşgen bolsaq edieşgen bolsaq edif only we had plaited | sizeşgen bolsağız edieşgen bolsağız edif only you all had plaited | alaeşgen bolsala edieşgen bolsalaedif only they had plaited |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | meneşmegen bolsam edieşmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't plaited | seneşmegen bolsaŋ edieşmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't plaited | oleşmegen bolsa edieşmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't plaited | bizeşmegen bolsaq edieşmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't plaited | sizeşmegen bolsağız edieşmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't plaited | alaeşmegen bolsala edieşmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't plaited |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | meneşer esemif I will plait | seneşer eseŋif you will plait | oleşer eseif he will plait | bizeşer esekif we will plait | sizeşer esegizif you all will plait | alaeşer eseleif they will plait |
| Conditional, aorist | meneşmez esemif I won't plait | seneşmez eseŋif you won't plait | oleşmez eseif he won't plait | bizeşmez esekif we won't plait | sizeşmez esegizif you all won't plait | alaeşmez eseleif they won't plait |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | meneşerik esemif I am going to plait | seneşerik eseŋif you are going to plait | oleşerik eseif he is going to plait | bizeşerik esekif we are going to plait | sizeşerik esegizif you all are going to plait | alaeşerik eseleif they are going to plait |
| Conditional, future | meneşerik tül esemif I am not going to plait | seneşerik tül eseŋif you are not going to plait | oleşerik tül eseif he is not going to plait | bizeşerik tül esekif we are not going to plait | sizeşerik tül esegizif you all are not going to plait | alaeşerik tül eseleif they are not going to plait |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşerik bolsamif I were going to plait | seneşerik bolsaŋif you were going to plait | oleşerik bolsaif he were going to plait | bizeşerik bolsaqif we were going to plait | sizeşerik bolsağızif you all were going to plait | alaeşerik bolsalaif they were going to plait |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | meneşmezlik bolsamif I were not going to plait | seneşmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to plait | oleşmezlik bolsaif he were not going to plait | bizeşmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to plait | sizeşmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to plait | alaeşmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to plait |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso eşdiŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşe bolurmaI must be plaiting | seneşe bolursayou must be plaiting | oleşe bolurhe must be plaiting | bizeşe bolurbuzwe must be plaiting | sizeşe bolursuzyou all must be plaiting | alaeşe bolurlathey must be plaiting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | meneşmey bolurmaI must not be plaiting | seneşmey bolursayou must not be plaiting | oleşmey bolurhe must not be plaiting | bizeşmey bolurbuzwe must not be plaiting | sizeşmey bolursuzyou all must not be plaiting | alaeşmey bolurlathey must not be plaiting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşe tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of plaiting | seneşe tura bolursayou must be in the middle of plaiting | oleşe tura bolurhe must be in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of plaiting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | meneşmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not plaiting | seneşmey tura bolursayou must keep on not plaiting | oleşmey tura bolurhe must keep on not plaiting | bizeşmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not plaiting | sizeşmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not plaiting | alaeşmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not plaiting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | meneşgen bolurmaI must have plaited | seneşgen bolursayou must have plaited | oleşgen bolurhe must have plaited | bizeşgen bolurbuzwe must have plaited | sizeşgen bolursuzyou all must have plaited | alaeşgen bolurlathey must have plaited |
| Inference (must have) | meneşmegen bolurmaI must not have plaited | seneşmegen bolursayou must not have plaited | oleşmegen bolurhe must not have plaited | bizeşmegen bolurbuzwe must not have plaited | sizeşmegen bolursuzyou all must not have plaited | alaeşmegen bolurlathey must not have plaited |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşerik bolurmaI must be going to plait | seneşerik bolursayou must be going to plait | oleşerik bolurhe must be going to plait | bizeşerik bolurbuzwe must be going to plait | sizeşerik bolursuzyou all must be going to plait | alaeşerik bolurlathey must be going to plait |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | meneşmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to plait | seneşmezlik bolursayou must not be going to plait | oleşmezlik bolurhe must not be going to plait | bizeşmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to plait | sizeşmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to plait | alaeşmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to plait |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | meneşeyimlet me plait | seneş!plait! | oleşsinlet him plait | bizeşeyiklet's plait | sizeşigiz!plait, you all! | alaeşsinlelet them plait |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşmeyimlet me not plait | seneşme!don't plait! | oleşmesinlet him not plait | bizeşmeyiklet's not plait | sizeşmegiz!don't plait, you all! | alaeşmesinlelet them not plait |
| Commands & suggestions | meneşeyimmi?shall I plait? | oleşsinmi?should he plait? | bizeşeyikmi?shall we plait? | alaeşsinlemi?should they plait? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | meneşmeyimmi?shall I not plait? | oleşmesinmi?should he not plait? | bizeşmeyikmi?shall we not plait? | alaeşmesinlemi?should they not plait? | ||
| Requests | seneşçi2eşçinplease plait | oleşsinçido let him plait | sizeşçigizplease plait (plural/polite) | alaeşsinleçido let them plait | ||
| Requests | seneşmeçi2eşmeçinplease don't plait | oleşmesinçido let him not plait | sizeşmeçigizplease don't plait (plural/polite) | alaeşmesinleçido let them not plait | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşgineşgimay you plait | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | seneşmegineşmegimay you not plait | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşgey edim eşge edimwould that I plaited | seneşgey ediŋ eşge ediŋwould that you plaited | oleşgey edi eşge ediwould that he plaited | bizeşgey edik eşge edikwould that we plaited | sizeşgey edigiz eşge edigizwould that you all plaited | alaeşgey edile eşge edilewould that they plaited |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | meneşmegey edim eşmege edimwould that I did not plait | seneşmegey ediŋ eşmege ediŋwould that you did not plait | oleşmegey edi eşmege ediwould that he did not plait | bizeşmegey edik eşmege edikwould that we did not plait | sizeşmegey edigiz eşmege edigizwould that you all did not plait | alaeşmegey edile eşmege edilewould that they did not plait |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşmege qoyayımeşme qoyayımlet me allow someone to plait | seneşmege qoy!eşme qoy!let someone plait! | oleşmege qoysuneşme qoysunlet him allow someone to plait | bizeşmege qoyayıqeşme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to plait | sizeşmege qoyuğuz!eşme qoyuğuz!let someone plait, you all! | alaeşmege qoysunlaeşme qoysunlalet them allow someone to plait |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşmege qoymayımeşme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to plait | seneşmege qoyma!eşme qoyma!don't let someone plait! | oleşmege qoymasıneşme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to plait | bizeşmege qoymayıqeşme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to plait | sizeşmege qoymağız!eşme qoymağız!don't let someone plait, you all! | alaeşmege qoymasınlaeşme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to plait |
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşmege qoyayımmı?eşme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoysunmu?eşme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoyayıqmı?eşme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoysunlamı?eşme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to plait? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | meneşmege qoymayımmı?eşme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoymasınmı?eşme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoymayıqmı?eşme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoymasınlamı?eşme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to plait? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | meneşmege qoyamaeşme qoyamaI allow someone to plait | seneşmege qoyasaeşme qoyasayou allow someone to plait | oleşmege qoyadıeşme qoyadıhe allows someone to plait | bizeşmege qoyabızeşme qoyabızwe allow someone to plait | sizeşmege qoyasızeşme qoyasızyou all allow someone to plait | alaeşmege qoyadılaeşme qoyadılathey allow someone to plait |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşmege qoymaymaeşme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to plait | seneşmege qoymaysaeşme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to plait | oleşmege qoymaydıeşme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to plait | bizeşmege qoymaybızeşme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to plait | sizeşmege qoymaysızeşme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to plait | alaeşmege qoymaydılaeşme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to plait |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşmege qoyamamı?eşme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to plait? | seneşmege qoyamısa?eşme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoyamıdı?eşme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoyabızmı?eşme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to plait? | sizeşmege qoyamısız?eşme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoyamıdıla?eşme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to plait? |
| Let someone… (present) | meneşmege qoymaymamı?eşme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to plait? | seneşmege qoymaymısa?eşme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoymaymıdı?eşme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoymaybızmı?eşme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to plait? | sizeşmege qoymaymısız?eşme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoymaymıdıla?eşme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to plait? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşmege qoydumeşme qoydumI allowed someone to plait | seneşmege qoyduŋeşme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to plait | oleşmege qoydueşme qoyduhe allowed someone to plait | bizeşmege qoyduqeşme qoyduqwe allowed someone to plait | sizeşmege qoyduğuzeşme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to plait | alaeşmege qoydulaeşme qoydulathey allowed someone to plait |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşmege qoymadımeşme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to plait | seneşmege qoymadıŋeşme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to plait | oleşmege qoymadıeşme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to plait | bizeşmege qoymadıqeşme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to plait | sizeşmege qoymadığızeşme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to plait | alaeşmege qoymadılaeşme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to plait |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşmege qoydummu?eşme qoydummu?did I allow someone to plait? | seneşmege qoyduŋmu?eşme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoydumu?eşme qoydumu?did he allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoyduqmu?eşme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to plait? | sizeşmege qoyduğuzmu?eşme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoydulamı?eşme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to plait? |
| Let someone… (past) | meneşmege qoymadımmı?eşme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to plait? | seneşmege qoymadıŋmı?eşme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to plait? | oleşmege qoymadımı?eşme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to plait? | bizeşmege qoymadıqmı?eşme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to plait? | sizeşmege qoymadığızmı?eşme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to plait? | alaeşmege qoymadılamı?eşme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to plait? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
eşalırğa be able to plait · eşalmazğa be unable to plait
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | meneşalamaI can plait | seneşalasayou can plait | oleşaladıhe can plait | bizeşalabızwe can plait | sizeşalasızyou all can plait | alaeşaladılathey can plait |
| Ability — present | meneşalmaymaI can't plait | seneşalmaysayou can't plait | oleşalmaydıhe can't plait | bizeşalmaybızwe can't plait | sizeşalmaysızyou all can't plait | alaeşalmaydılathey can't plait |
| Ability — present | meneşalamamı? eşalamıma?can I plait? | seneşalamısa?can you plait? | oleşalamıdı?can he plait? | bizeşalabızmı? eşalamıbız?can we plait? | sizeşalamısız?can you all plait? | alaeşalamıdıla?can they plait? |
| Ability — present | meneşalmaymamı? eşalmaymıma?can't I plait? | seneşalmaymısa?can't you plait? | oleşalmaymıdı?can't he plait? | bizeşalmaybızmı? eşalmaymıbız?can't we plait? | sizeşalmaymısız?can't you all plait? | alaeşalmaymıdıla?can't they plait? |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşalsamif I can plait | seneşalsaŋif you can plait | oleşalsaif he can plait | bizeşalsaqif we can plait | sizeşalsağızif you all can plait | alaeşalsalaif they can plait |
| Ability — if I can… | meneşalmasamif I can't plait | seneşalmasaŋif you can't plait | oleşalmasaif he can't plait | bizeşalmasaqif we can't plait | sizeşalmasağızif you all can't plait | alaeşalmasalaif they can't plait |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | meneşaldımI was able to plait | seneşaldıŋyou were able to plait | oleşaldıhe was able to plait | bizeşaldıqwe were able to plait | sizeşaldığızyou all were able to plait | alaeşaldılathey were able to plait |
| Ability — simple past | meneşalmadımI could not plait | seneşalmadıŋyou could not plait | oleşalmadıhe could not plait | bizeşalmadıqwe could not plait | sizeşalmadığızyou all could not plait | alaeşalmadılathey could not plait |
| Ability — simple past | meneşaldımmı?was I able to plait? | seneşaldıŋmı?were you able to plait? | oleşaldımı?was he able to plait? | bizeşaldıqmı?were we able to plait? | sizeşaldığızmı?were you all able to plait? | alaeşaldılamı?were they able to plait? |
| Ability — simple past | meneşalmadımmı?couldn't I plait? | seneşalmadıŋmı?couldn't you plait? | oleşalmadımı?couldn't he plait? | bizeşalmadıqmı?couldn't we plait? | sizeşalmadığızmı?couldn't you all plait? | alaeşalmadılamı?couldn't they plait? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşalğanmaI have been able to plait | seneşalğansayou have been able to plait | oleşalğandıhe has been able to plait | bizeşalğanbızwe have been able to plait | sizeşalğansızyou all have been able to plait | alaeşalğandılathey have been able to plait |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşalmağanmaI haven't been able to plait | seneşalmağansayou haven't been able to plait | oleşalmağandıhe hasn't been able to plait | bizeşalmağanbızwe haven't been able to plait | sizeşalmağansızyou all haven't been able to plait | alaeşalmağandılathey haven't been able to plait |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşalğanmamı? eşalğanmıma?have I been able to plait? | seneşalğanmısa?have you been able to plait? | oleşalğanmıdı?has he been able to plait? | bizeşalğanbızmı? eşalğanmıbız?have we been able to plait? | sizeşalğanmısız?have you all been able to plait? | alaeşalğanmıdıla?have they been able to plait? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | meneşalmağanmamı? eşalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to plait? | seneşalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to plait? | oleşalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to plait? | bizeşalmağanbızmı? eşalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to plait? | sizeşalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to plait? | alaeşalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to plait? |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşalğan edimeşalğanemI had been able to plait | seneşalğan ediŋeşalğaneŋyou had been able to plait | oleşalğan edieşalğanedhe had been able to plait | bizeşalğan edikeşalğanekwe had been able to plait | sizeşalğan edigizeşalğanegizyou all had been able to plait | alaeşalğan edileeşalğanellethey had been able to plait |
| Ability — past perfect | meneşalmağan edimeşalmağanemI hadn't been able to plait | seneşalmağan ediŋeşalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to plait | oleşalmağan edieşalmağanedhe hadn't been able to plait | bizeşalmağan edikeşalmağanekwe hadn't been able to plait | sizeşalmağan edigizeşalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to plait | alaeşalmağan edileeşalmağanellethey hadn't been able to plait |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | meneşala edimeşalaemI could plait | seneşala ediŋeşalaeŋyou could plait | oleşala edieşalaedhe could plait | bizeşala edikeşalaekwe could plait | sizeşala edigizeşalaegizyou all could plait | alaeşala edileeşalaellethey could plait |
| Ability — past background | meneşalmay edimeşalmayemI could not plait | seneşalmay ediŋeşalmayeŋyou could not plait | oleşalmay edieşalmayedhe could not plait | bizeşalmay edikeşalmayekwe could not plait | sizeşalmay edigizeşalmayegizyou all could not plait | alaeşalmay edileeşalmayellethey could not plait |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | meneşalırmaI will be able to plait | seneşalırsayou will be able to plait | oleşalırhe will be able to plait | bizeşalırbızwe will be able to plait | sizeşalırsızyou all will be able to plait | alaeşalırlathey will be able to plait |
| Ability — future I | meneşalmazmaI won't be able to plait | seneşalmazsayou won't be able to plait | oleşalmazhe won't be able to plait | bizeşalmazbızwe won't be able to plait | sizeşalmazsızyou all won't be able to plait | alaeşalmazlathey won't be able to plait |
| Ability — future I | meneşalırmamı? eşalırmıma?will I be able to plait? | seneşalırmısa?will you be able to plait? | oleşalırmı?will he be able to plait? | bizeşalırbızmı? eşalırmıbız?will we be able to plait? | sizeşalırmısız?will you all be able to plait? | alaeşalırlamı? eşalırmıla?will they be able to plait? |
| Ability — future I | meneşalmazmamı? eşalmazmıma?won't I be able to plait? | seneşalmazmısa?won't you be able to plait? | oleşalmazmı?won't he be able to plait? | bizeşalmazbızmı? eşalmazmıbız?won't we be able to plait? | sizeşalmazmısız?won't you all be able to plait? | alaeşalmazlamı? eşalmazmıla?won't they be able to plait? |
| Ability — future II | meneşallıqmaI am going to be able to plait | seneşallıqsayou are going to be able to plait | oleşallıqdıhe is going to be able to plait | bizeşallıqbızwe are going to be able to plait | sizeşallıqsızyou all are going to be able to plait | alaeşallıqdılathey are going to be able to plait |
| Ability — future II | meneşallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to plait | seneşallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to plait | oleşallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to plait | bizeşallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to plait | sizeşallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to plait | alaeşallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to plait |
| Ability — future II | meneşallıqmamı? eşallıqmıma?am I going to be able to plait? | seneşallıqmısa?are you going to be able to plait? | oleşallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to plait? | bizeşallıqbızmı? eşallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to plait? | sizeşallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to plait? | alaeşallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to plait? |
| Ability — future II | meneşallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to plait? | seneşallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to plait? | oleşallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to plait? | bizeşallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to plait? | sizeşallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to plait? | alaeşallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to plait? |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşalır edimeşalır emI would be able to plait | seneşalır ediŋeşalır eŋyou would be able to plait | oleşalır edieşalır edhe would be able to plait | bizeşalır edikeşalır ekwe would be able to plait | sizeşalır edigizeşalır egizyou all would be able to plait | alaeşalır edileeşalır ellethey would be able to plait |
| Ability — would be able to… | meneşalmaz edimeşalmaz emI wouldn't be able to plait | seneşalmaz ediŋeşalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to plait | oleşalmaz edieşalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to plait | bizeşalmaz edikeşalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to plait | sizeşalmaz edigizeşalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to plait | alaeşalmaz edileeşalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to plait |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşalğıneşalğımay you be able to plait | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | seneşalmağıneşalmağımay you not be able to plait | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | meneşerge izleymeI want to plait | seneşerge izleyseyou want to plait | oleşerge izleydihe wants to plait | bizeşerge izleybizwe want to plait | sizeşerge izleysizyou all want to plait | alaeşerge izleydilethey want to plait |
| want to | meneşerge izlemeymeI do not want to plait | seneşerge izlemeyseyou do not want to plait | oleşerge izlemeydihe does not want to plait | bizeşerge izlemeybizwe do not want to plait | sizeşerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to plait | alaeşerge izlemeydilethey do not want to plait |
| would like to | meneşerge süemeI would like to plait | seneşerge süeseyou would like to plait | oleşerge süedihe would like to plait | bizeşerge süebizwe would like to plait | sizeşerge süesizyou all would like to plait | alaeşerge süedilethey would like to plait |
| would like to | meneşerge süymeymeI would not like to plait | seneşerge süymeyseyou would not like to plait | oleşerge süymeydihe would not like to plait | bizeşerge süymeybizwe would not like to plait | sizeşerge süymeysizyou all would not like to plait | alaeşerge süymeydilethey would not like to plait |
| hope to | meneşerge umutlanamaI hope to plait | seneşerge umutlanasayou hope to plait | oleşerge umutlanadıhe hopes to plait | bizeşerge umutlanabızwe hope to plait | sizeşerge umutlanasızyou all hope to plait | alaeşerge umutlanadılathey hope to plait |
| hope to | meneşerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to plait | seneşerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to plait | oleşerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to plait | bizeşerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to plait | sizeşerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to plait | alaeşerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to plait |
| be about to | meneşerge deb turamaI am about to plait | seneşerge deb turasayou are about to plait | oleşerge deb turadıhe is about to plait | bizeşerge deb turabızwe are about to plait | sizeşerge deb turasızyou all are about to plait | alaeşerge deb turadılathey are about to plait |
| be about to | meneşerge deb turmaymaI am not about to plait | seneşerge deb turmaysayou are not about to plait | oleşerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to plait | bizeşerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to plait | sizeşerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to plait | alaeşerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to plait |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | meneşerge kerekmeI need to plait | seneşerge kerekseyou need to plait | oleşerge kerekdihe needs to plait | bizeşerge kerekbizwe need to plait | sizeşerge kereksizyou all need to plait | alaeşerge kerekdilethey need to plait |
| need to | meneşerge kerek tülmeI do not need to plait | seneşerge kerek tülseyou do not need to plait | oleşerge kerek tüldühe does not need to plait | bizeşerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to plait | sizeşerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to plait | alaeşerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to plait |
| have to | menmenŋe eşerge tüşediI have to plait | sensenŋe eşerge tüşediyou have to plait | olaŋa eşerge tüşedihe has to plait | bizbizge eşerge tüşediwe have to plait | sizsizge eşerge tüşediyou all have to plait | alaalağa eşerge tüşedithey have to plait |
| have to | menmenŋe eşerge tüşmeydiI do not have to plait | sensenŋe eşerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to plait | olaŋa eşerge tüşmeydihe does not have to plait | bizbizge eşerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to plait | sizsizge eşerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to plait | alaalağa eşerge tüşmeydithey do not have to plait |
| be obliged to | meneşerge borçlumaI am obliged to plait | seneşerge borçlusayou are obliged to plait | oleşerge borçluduhe is obliged to plait | bizeşerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to plait | sizeşerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to plait | alaeşerge borçludulathey are obliged to plait |
| be obliged to | meneşerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to plait | seneşerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to plait | oleşerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to plait | bizeşerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to plait | sizeşerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to plait | alaeşerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to plait |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | meneşerge madarım bardıI have a way to plait | seneşerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to plait | oleşerge madarı bardıhe has a way to plait | bizeşerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to plait | sizeşerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to plait | alaeşerge madarları bardıthey have a way to plait |
| have a way to | meneşerge madarım joqduI have no way to plait | seneşerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to plait | oleşerge madarı joqduhe has no way to plait | bizeşerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to plait | sizeşerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to plait | alaeşerge madarları joqduthey have no way to plait |
| be free to | meneşerge erkinligim bardıI am free to plait | seneşerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to plait | oleşerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to plait | bizeşerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to plait | sizeşerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to plait | alaeşerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to plait |
| be free to | meneşerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to plait | seneşerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to plait | oleşerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to plait | bizeşerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to plait | sizeşerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to plait | alaeşerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to plait |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşerge bolluqduit is possible for me to plait | sensenŋe eşerge bolluqduit is possible for you to plait | olaŋa eşerge bolluqduit is possible for him to plait | bizbizge eşerge bolluqduit is possible for us to plait | sizsizge eşerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to plait | alaalağa eşerge bolluqduit is possible for them to plait |
| be possible to | menmenŋe eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to plait | sensenŋe eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to plait | olaŋa eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to plait | bizbizge eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to plait | sizsizge eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to plait | alaalağa eşerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to plait |
| be ready to | meneşerge hazırmaI am ready to plait | seneşerge hazırsayou are ready to plait | oleşerge hazırdıhe is ready to plait | bizeşerge hazırbızwe are ready to plait | sizeşerge hazırsızyou all are ready to plait | alaeşerge hazırdılathey are ready to plait |
| be ready to | meneşerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to plait | seneşerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to plait | oleşerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to plait | bizeşerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to plait | sizeşerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to plait | alaeşerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to plait |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | meneşerge küreşemeI am trying to plait | seneşerge küreşeseyou are trying to plait | oleşerge küreşedihe is trying to plait | bizeşerge küreşebizwe are trying to plait | sizeşerge küreşesizyou all are trying to plait | alaeşerge küreşedilethey are trying to plait |
| try to | meneşerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to plait | seneşerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to plait | oleşerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to plait | bizeşerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to plait | sizeşerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to plait | alaeşerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to plait |
| agree to | meneşerge unaymaI agree to plait | seneşerge unaysayou agree to plait | oleşerge unaydıhe agrees to plait | bizeşerge unaybızwe agree to plait | sizeşerge unaysızyou all agree to plait | alaeşerge unaydılathey agree to plait |
| agree to | meneşerge unamaymaI refuse to plait | seneşerge unamaysayou refuse to plait | oleşerge unamaydıhe refuses to plait | bizeşerge unamaybızwe refuse to plait | sizeşerge unamaysızyou all refuse to plait | alaeşerge unamaydılathey refuse to plait |
| hurry to | meneşerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to plait | seneşerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to plait | oleşerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to plait | bizeşerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to plait | sizeşerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to plait | alaeşerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to plait |
| hurry to | meneşerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to plait | seneşerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to plait | oleşerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to plait | bizeşerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to plait | sizeşerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to plait | alaeşerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to plait |
| be afraid to | meneşerge qorqamaI am afraid to plait | seneşerge qorqasayou are afraid to plait | oleşerge qorqadıhe is afraid to plait | bizeşerge qorqabızwe are afraid to plait | sizeşerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to plait | alaeşerge qorqadılathey are afraid to plait |
| be afraid to | meneşerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to plait | seneşerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to plait | oleşerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to plait | bizeşerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to plait | sizeşerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to plait | alaeşerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to plait |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | meneşe bolmazmaI can't be plaiting | seneşe bolmazsayou can't be plaiting | oleşe bolmazhe can't be plaiting | bizeşe bolmazbızwe can't be plaiting | sizeşe bolmazsızyou all can't be plaiting | alaeşe bolmazlathey can't be plaiting |
| Inference, present — double negation | meneşmey bolmazmaI must be plaiting (emphatic) | seneşmey bolmazsayou must be plaiting (emphatic) | oleşmey bolmazhe must be plaiting (emphatic) | bizeşmey bolmazbızwe must be plaiting (emphatic) | sizeşmey bolmazsızyou all must be plaiting (emphatic) | alaeşmey bolmazlathey must be plaiting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | meneşe turmasamif I don't keep plaiting | seneşe turmasaŋif you don't keep plaiting | oleşe turmasaif he doesn't keep plaiting | bizeşe turmasaqif we don't keep plaiting | sizeşe turmasağızif you all don't keep plaiting | alaeşe turmasalaif they don't keep plaiting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | meneşe tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of plaiting | seneşe tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of plaiting | oleşe tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of plaiting | bizeşe tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of plaiting | sizeşe tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of plaiting | alaeşe tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of plaiting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | meneşmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) | seneşmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) | oleşmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) | bizeşmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) | sizeşmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) | alaeşmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not plaiting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | meneşmey turamaI keep on not plaiting | seneşmey turasayou keep on not plaiting | oleşmey turadıhe keeps on not plaiting | bizeşmey turabızwe keep on not plaiting | sizeşmey turasızyou all keep on not plaiting | alaeşmey turadılathey keep on not plaiting |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not plaiting | seneşmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not plaiting | oleşmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not plaiting | bizeşmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not plaiting | sizeşmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not plaiting | alaeşmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not plaiting |
| Progressive — double negation | meneşmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not plaiting? | seneşmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not plaiting? | oleşmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not plaiting? | bizeşmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not plaiting? | sizeşmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not plaiting? | alaeşmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not plaiting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | meneşgen bolmazmaI can't have plaited | seneşgen bolmazsayou can't have plaited | oleşgen bolmazhe can't have plaited | bizeşgen bolmazbızwe can't have plaited | sizeşgen bolmazsızyou all can't have plaited | alaeşgen bolmazlathey can't have plaited |
| Inference — double negation | meneşmegen bolmazmaI must have plaited (emphatic) | seneşmegen bolmazsayou must have plaited (emphatic) | oleşmegen bolmazhe must have plaited (emphatic) | bizeşmegen bolmazbızwe must have plaited (emphatic) | sizeşmegen bolmazsızyou all must have plaited (emphatic) | alaeşmegen bolmazlathey must have plaited (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | meneşgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had plaited | seneşgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had plaited | oleşgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had plaited | bizeşgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had plaited | sizeşgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had plaited | alaeşgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had plaited |
| Counterfactual — double negation | meneşmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't plaited | seneşmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't plaited | oleşmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't plaited | bizeşmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't plaited | sizeşmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't plaited | alaeşmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't plaited |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | meneşerik bolmazmaI can't be going to plait | seneşerik bolmazsayou can't be going to plait | oleşerik bolmazhe can't be going to plait | bizeşerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to plait | sizeşerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to plait | alaeşerik bolmazlathey can't be going to plait |
| Inference, future — double negation | meneşmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to plait (emphatic) | seneşmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to plait (emphatic) | oleşmezlik bolmazhe must be going to plait (emphatic) | bizeşmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to plait (emphatic) | sizeşmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to plait (emphatic) | alaeşmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to plait (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | meneşerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to plait | seneşerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to plait | oleşerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to plait | bizeşerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to plait | sizeşerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to plait | alaeşerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to plait |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | meneşmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to plait | seneşmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to plait | oleşmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to plait | bizeşmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to plait | sizeşmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to plait | alaeşmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to plait |