zayalarğa
/zajalarʁa/
spoil, ruin, make useless — Often with qoyarğa: zayalab qoyarğa "spoil completely, make unusable". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay. Guzeev 2003 gives bolğannı zayalarğa "spoil everything".
- zayalab qoyarğa — to spoil completely, to make unusable
- sabiy kitabnı zayalağandı — the child has ruined the book
- bolğannı zayalağansa — you have spoiled everything
Conjugation
Common forms
- zayalaydıhe is spoiling
- zayaladıhe spoiled
- zayalağandıhe has spoiled
- zayalarhe will spoil
- zayalarıqdıhe is going to spoil
- zayalay edihe was spoiling
- zayalasaif he spoils
- zayala!spoil!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menzayalaymaI am spoiling | senzayalaysayou are spoiling | olzayalaydıhe is spoiling | bizzayalaybızwe are spoiling | sizzayalaysızyou all are spoiling | alazayalaydılathey are spoiling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menzayalamaymaI am not spoiling | senzayalamaysayou are not spoiling | olzayalamaydıhe is not spoiling | bizzayalamaybızwe are not spoiling | sizzayalamaysızyou all are not spoiling | alazayalamaydılathey are not spoiling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menzayalaymamı? zayalaymıma?am I spoiling? | senzayalaymısa?are you spoiling? | olzayalaymıdı?is he spoiling? | bizzayalaybızmı? zayalaymıbız?are we spoiling? | sizzayalaymısız?are you all spoiling? | alazayalaymıdıla?are they spoiling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menzayalamaymamı? zayalamaymıma?aren't I spoiling? | senzayalamaymısa?aren't you spoiling? | olzayalamaymıdı?isn't he spoiling? | bizzayalamaybızmı? zayalamaymıbız?aren't we spoiling? | sizzayalamaymısız?aren't you all spoiling? | alazayalamaymıdıla?aren't they spoiling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menzayalawçanmaI usually spoil | senzayalawçansayou usually spoil | olzayalawçandıhe usually spoils | bizzayalawçanbızwe usually spoil | sizzayalawçansızyou all usually spoil | alazayalawçandılathey usually spoil |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menzayalamawçanmaI usually don't spoil | senzayalamawçansayou usually don't spoil | olzayalamawçandıhe usually doesn't spoil | bizzayalamawçanbızwe usually don't spoil | sizzayalamawçansızyou all usually don't spoil | alazayalamawçandılathey usually don't spoil |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menzayalawçanmamı? zayalawçanmıma?do I usually spoil? | senzayalawçanmısa?do you usually spoil? | olzayalawçanmıdı?does he usually spoil? | bizzayalawçanbızmı? zayalawçanmıbız?do we usually spoil? | sizzayalawçanmısız?do you all usually spoil? | alazayalawçanmıdıla?do they usually spoil? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menzayalamawçanmamı? zayalamawçanmıma?do I usually not spoil? | senzayalamawçanmısa?do you usually not spoil? | olzayalamawçanmıdı?does he usually not spoil? | bizzayalamawçanbızmı? zayalamawçanmıbız?do we usually not spoil? | sizzayalamawçanmısız?do you all usually not spoil? | alazayalamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not spoil? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olzayalabdıhe has spoiled and remains so | alazayalabdılathey have spoiled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olzayalabmıdı?has he spoiled? | alazayalabmıdıla?have they spoiled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menzayalab turamaI keep spoiling | senzayalab turasayou keep spoiling | olzayalab turadıhe keeps spoiling | bizzayalab turabızwe keep spoiling | sizzayalab turasızyou all keep spoiling | alazayalab turadılathey keep spoiling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menzayalab turmaymaI don't keep spoiling | senzayalab turmaysayou don't keep spoiling | olzayalab turmaydıhe doesn't keep spoiling | bizzayalab turmaybızwe don't keep spoiling | sizzayalab turmaysızyou all don't keep spoiling | alazayalab turmaydılathey don't keep spoiling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menzayalab turamamı? zayalab turamıma?do I keep spoiling? | senzayalab turamısa?do you keep spoiling? | olzayalab turamıdı?does he keep spoiling? | bizzayalab turabızmı? zayalab turamıbız?do we keep spoiling? | sizzayalab turamısız?do you all keep spoiling? | alazayalab turamıdıla?do they keep spoiling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menzayalab turmaymamı? zayalab turmaymıma?don't I keep spoiling? | senzayalab turmaymısa?don't you keep spoiling? | olzayalab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep spoiling? | bizzayalab turmaybızmı? zayalab turmaymıbız?don't we keep spoiling? | sizzayalab turmaymısız?don't you all keep spoiling? | alazayalab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep spoiling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menzayalay turamaI am in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay turasayou are in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay turadıhe is in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay turabızwe are in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay turasızyou all are in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay turadılathey are in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menzayalay turmaymaI am not in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay turmaysayou are not in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menzayalay turamamı? zayalay turamıma?am I in the middle of spoiling? | senzayalay turamısa?are you in the middle of spoiling? | olzayalay turamıdı?is he in the middle of spoiling? | bizzayalay turabızmı? zayalay turamıbız?are we in the middle of spoiling? | sizzayalay turamısız?are you all in the middle of spoiling? | alazayalay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of spoiling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menzayalay turmaymamı? zayalay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of spoiling? | senzayalay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of spoiling? | olzayalay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of spoiling? | bizzayalay turmaybızmı? zayalay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of spoiling? | sizzayalay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of spoiling? | alazayalay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of spoiling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menzayaladımI spoiled | senzayaladıŋyou spoiled | olzayaladıhe spoiled | bizzayaladıqwe spoiled | sizzayaladığızyou all spoiled | alazayaladılathey spoiled |
| Simple past (definite) | menzayalamadımI didn't spoil | senzayalamadıŋyou didn't spoil | olzayalamadıhe didn't spoil | bizzayalamadıqwe didn't spoil | sizzayalamadığızyou all didn't spoil | alazayalamadılathey didn't spoil |
| Simple past (definite) | menzayaladımmı?did I spoil? | senzayaladıŋmı?did you spoil? | olzayaladımı?did he spoil? | bizzayaladıqmı?did we spoil? | sizzayaladığızmı?did you all spoil? | alazayaladılamı?did they spoil? |
| Simple past (definite) | menzayalamadımmı?didn't I spoil? | senzayalamadıŋmı?didn't you spoil? | olzayalamadımı?didn't he spoil? | bizzayalamadıqmı?didn't we spoil? | sizzayalamadığızmı?didn't you all spoil? | alazayalamadılamı?didn't they spoil? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menzayalağanmaI have spoiled | senzayalağansayou have spoiled | olzayalağandıhe has spoiled | bizzayalağanbızwe have spoiled | sizzayalağansızyou all have spoiled | alazayalağandılathey have spoiled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menzayalamağanmaI haven't spoiled | senzayalamağansayou haven't spoiled | olzayalamağandıhe hasn't spoiled | bizzayalamağanbızwe haven't spoiled | sizzayalamağansızyou all haven't spoiled | alazayalamağandılathey haven't spoiled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menzayalağanmamı? zayalağanmıma?have I spoiled? | senzayalağanmısa?have you spoiled? | olzayalağanmıdı?has he spoiled? | bizzayalağanbızmı? zayalağanmıbız?have we spoiled? | sizzayalağanmısız?have you all spoiled? | alazayalağanmıdıla?have they spoiled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menzayalamağanmamı? zayalamağanmıma?haven't I spoiled? | senzayalamağanmısa?haven't you spoiled? | olzayalamağanmıdı?hasn't he spoiled? | bizzayalamağanbızmı? zayalamağanmıbız?haven't we spoiled? | sizzayalamağanmısız?haven't you all spoiled? | alazayalamağanmıdıla?haven't they spoiled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menzayalab turdumI kept spoiling | senzayalab turduŋyou kept spoiling | olzayalab turduhe kept spoiling | bizzayalab turduqwe kept spoiling | sizzayalab turduğuzyou all kept spoiling | alazayalab turdulathey kept spoiling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menzayalab turmadımI didn't keep spoiling | senzayalab turmadıŋyou didn't keep spoiling | olzayalab turmadıhe didn't keep spoiling | bizzayalab turmadıqwe didn't keep spoiling | sizzayalab turmadığızyou all didn't keep spoiling | alazayalab turmadılathey didn't keep spoiling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menzayalarmaI will spoil | senzayalarsayou will spoil | olzayalarhe will spoil | bizzayalarbızwe will spoil | sizzayalarsızyou all will spoil | alazayalarlathey will spoil |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menzayalamazmaI won't spoil | senzayalamazsayou won't spoil | olzayalamazhe won't spoil | bizzayalamazbızwe won't spoil | sizzayalamazsızyou all won't spoil | alazayalamazlathey won't spoil |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menzayalarmamı? zayalarmıma?will I spoil? | senzayalarmısa?will you spoil? | olzayalarmı?will he spoil? | bizzayalarbızmı? zayalarmıbız?will we spoil? | sizzayalarmısız?will you all spoil? | alazayalarlamı? zayalarmıla?will they spoil? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menzayalamazmamı? zayalamazmıma?won't I spoil? | senzayalamazmısa?won't you spoil? | olzayalamazmı?won't he spoil? | bizzayalamazbızmı? zayalamazmıbız?won't we spoil? | sizzayalamazmısız?won't you all spoil? | alazayalamazlamı? zayalamazmıla?won't they spoil? |
| Definite future (future II) | menzayalarıqmaI am going to spoil | senzayalarıqsayou are going to spoil | olzayalarıqdıhe is going to spoil | bizzayalarıqbızwe are going to spoil | sizzayalarıqsızyou all are going to spoil | alazayalarıqdılathey are going to spoil |
| Definite future (future II) | menzayalarıq tülmeI am not going to spoil | senzayalarıq tülseyou are not going to spoil | olzayalarıq tüldühe is not going to spoil | bizzayalarıq tülbüzwe are not going to spoil | sizzayalarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to spoil | alazayalarıq tüldülethey are not going to spoil |
| Definite future (future II) | menzayalarıqmamı? zayalarıqmıma?am I going to spoil? | senzayalarıqmısa?are you going to spoil? | olzayalarıqmıdı?is he going to spoil? | bizzayalarıqbızmı? zayalarıqmıbız?are we going to spoil? | sizzayalarıqmısız?are you all going to spoil? | alazayalarıqmıdıla?are they going to spoil? |
| Definite future (future II) | menzayalarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to spoil? | senzayalarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to spoil? | olzayalarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to spoil? | bizzayalarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to spoil? | sizzayalarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to spoil? | alazayalarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to spoil? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menzayalağan edimzayalağanemI had spoiled | senzayalağan ediŋzayalağaneŋyou had spoiled | olzayalağan edizayalağanedhe had spoiled | bizzayalağan edikzayalağanekwe had spoiled | sizzayalağan edigizzayalağanegizyou all had spoiled | alazayalağan edilezayalağanellethey had spoiled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menzayalamağan edimzayalamağanemI hadn't spoiled | senzayalamağan ediŋzayalamağaneŋyou hadn't spoiled | olzayalamağan edizayalamağanedhe hadn't spoiled | bizzayalamağan edikzayalamağanekwe hadn't spoiled | sizzayalamağan edigizzayalamağanegizyou all hadn't spoiled | alazayalamağan edilezayalamağanellethey hadn't spoiled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menzayalay edimzayalayemI was spoiling | senzayalay ediŋzayalayeŋyou were spoiling | olzayalay edizayalayedhe was spoiling | bizzayalay edikzayalayekwe were spoiling | sizzayalay edigizzayalayegizyou all were spoiling | alazayalay edilezayalayellethey were spoiling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menzayalamay edimzayalamayemI wasn't spoiling | senzayalamay ediŋzayalamayeŋyou weren't spoiling | olzayalamay edizayalamayedhe wasn't spoiling | bizzayalamay edikzayalamayekwe weren't spoiling | sizzayalamay edigizzayalamayegizyou all weren't spoiling | alazayalamay edilezayalamayellethey weren't spoiling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menzayalawçan edimzayalawçanemI used to spoil | senzayalawçan ediŋzayalawçaneŋyou used to spoil | olzayalawçan edizayalawçanedhe used to spoil | bizzayalawçan edikzayalawçanekwe used to spoil | sizzayalawçan edigizzayalawçanegizyou all used to spoil | alazayalawçan edilezayalawçanellethey used to spoil |
| Habitual past (used to) | menzayalamawçan edimzayalamawçanemI didn't use to spoil | senzayalamawçan ediŋzayalamawçaneŋyou didn't use to spoil | olzayalamawçan edizayalamawçanedhe didn't use to spoil | bizzayalamawçan edikzayalamawçanekwe didn't use to spoil | sizzayalamawçan edigizzayalamawçanegizyou all didn't use to spoil | alazayalamawçan edilezayalamawçanellethey didn't use to spoil |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olzayalab edihe had spoiled and remained so | alazayalab edilethey had spoiled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olzayalab tül edihe hadn't spoiled | alazayalab tül edilethey hadn't spoiled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menzayalab tura edimzayalab turaemI had kept spoiling | senzayalab tura ediŋzayalab turaeŋyou had kept spoiling | olzayalab tura edizayalab turaedhe had kept spoiling | bizzayalab tura edikzayalab turaekwe had kept spoiling | sizzayalab tura edigizzayalab turaegizyou all had kept spoiling | alazayalab tura edilezayalab turaellethey had kept spoiling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menzayalab turmay edimzayalab turmayemI hadn't kept spoiling | senzayalab turmay ediŋzayalab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept spoiling | olzayalab turmay edizayalab turmayedhe hadn't kept spoiling | bizzayalab turmay edikzayalab turmayekwe hadn't kept spoiling | sizzayalab turmay edigizzayalab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept spoiling | alazayalab turmay edilezayalab turmayellethey hadn't kept spoiling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menzayalay tura edimzayalay turaemI was in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay tura ediŋzayalay turaeŋyou were in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay tura edizayalay turaedhe was in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay tura edikzayalay turaekwe were in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay tura edigizzayalay turaegizyou all were in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay tura edilezayalay turaellethey were in the middle of spoiling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menzayalay turmay edimzayalay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay turmay ediŋzayalay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay turmay edizayalay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay turmay edikzayalay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay turmay edigizzayalay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay turmay edilezayalay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of spoiling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menzayalar edimzayalar emI would spoil | senzayalar ediŋzayalar eŋyou would spoil | olzayalar edizayalar edhe would spoil | bizzayalar edikzayalar ekwe would spoil | sizzayalar edigizzayalar egizyou all would spoil | alazayalar edilezayalar ellethey would spoil |
| Conditional result (would) | menzayalamaz edimzayalamaz emI wouldn't spoil | senzayalamaz ediŋzayalamaz eŋyou wouldn't spoil | olzayalamaz edizayalamaz edhe wouldn't spoil | bizzayalamaz edikzayalamaz ekwe wouldn't spoil | sizzayalamaz edigizzayalamaz egizyou all wouldn't spoil | alazayalamaz edilezayalamaz ellethey wouldn't spoil |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menzayalarıq edimzayalarıq emI would have spoiled | senzayalarıq ediŋzayalarıq eŋyou would have spoiled | olzayalarıq edizayalarıq edhe would have spoiled | bizzayalarıq edikzayalarıq ekwe would have spoiled | sizzayalarıq edigizzayalarıq egizyou all would have spoiled | alazayalarıq edilezayalarıq ellethey would have spoiled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menzayalarıq tül edimzayalarıq tül emI wouldn't have spoiled | senzayalarıq tül ediŋzayalarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have spoiled | olzayalarıq tül edizayalarıq tül edhe wouldn't have spoiled | bizzayalarıq tül edikzayalarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have spoiled | sizzayalarıq tül edigizzayalarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have spoiled | alazayalarıq tül edilezayalarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have spoiled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menzayalasamif I spoil | senzayalasaŋif you spoil | olzayalasaif he spoils | bizzayalasaqif we spoil | sizzayalasağızif you all spoil | alazayalasalaif they spoil |
| Conditional | menzayalamasamif I don't spoil | senzayalamasaŋif you don't spoil | olzayalamasaif he doesn't spoil | bizzayalamasaqif we don't spoil | sizzayalamasağızif you all don't spoil | alazayalamasalaif they don't spoil |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menzayalay esemif I am spoiling | senzayalay eseŋif you are spoiling | olzayalay eseif he is spoiling | bizzayalay esekif we are spoiling | sizzayalay esegizif you all are spoiling | alazayalay eseleif they are spoiling |
| Conditional, present real | menzayalamay esemif I am not spoiling | senzayalamay eseŋif you are not spoiling | olzayalamay eseif he is not spoiling | bizzayalamay esekif we are not spoiling | sizzayalamay esegizif you all are not spoiling | alazayalamay eseleif they are not spoiling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menzayalasam edizayalasam edif only I spoiled | senzayalasaŋ edizayalasaŋ edif only you spoiled | olzayalasa edizayalasaedif only he spoiled | bizzayalasaq edizayalasaq edif only we spoiled | sizzayalasağız edizayalasağız edif only you all spoiled | alazayalasala edizayalasalaedif only they spoiled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menzayalamasam edizayalamasam edif only I didn't spoil | senzayalamasaŋ edizayalamasaŋ edif only you didn't spoil | olzayalamasa edizayalamasaedif only he didn't spoil | bizzayalamasaq edizayalamasaq edif only we didn't spoil | sizzayalamasağız edizayalamasağız edif only you all didn't spoil | alazayalamasala edizayalamasalaedif only they didn't spoil |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menzayalab tursamif I carry on spoiling | senzayalab tursaŋif you carry on spoiling | olzayalab tursaif he carries on spoiling | bizzayalab tursaqif we carry on spoiling | sizzayalab tursağızif you all carry on spoiling | alazayalab tursalaif they carry on spoiling |
| Durative conditional | menzayalab turmasamif I don't carry on spoiling | senzayalab turmasaŋif you don't carry on spoiling | olzayalab turmasaif he doesn't carry on spoiling | bizzayalab turmasaqif we don't carry on spoiling | sizzayalab turmasağızif you all don't carry on spoiling | alazayalab turmasalaif they don't carry on spoiling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menzayalab tura esemif I have kept spoiling | senzayalab tura eseŋif you have kept spoiling | olzayalab tura eseif he has kept spoiling | bizzayalab tura esekif we have kept spoiling | sizzayalab tura esegizif you all have kept spoiling | alazayalab tura eseleif they have kept spoiling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menzayalab turmay esemif I haven't kept spoiling | senzayalab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept spoiling | olzayalab turmay eseif he hasn't kept spoiling | bizzayalab turmay esekif we haven't kept spoiling | sizzayalab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept spoiling | alazayalab turmay eseleif they haven't kept spoiling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menzayalay tursamif I keep spoiling | senzayalay tursaŋif you keep spoiling | olzayalay tursaif he keeps spoiling | bizzayalay tursaqif we keep spoiling | sizzayalay tursağızif you all keep spoiling | alazayalay tursalaif they keep spoiling |
| Progressive conditional | menzayalamay tursamif I keep on not spoiling | senzayalamay tursaŋif you keep on not spoiling | olzayalamay tursaif he keeps on not spoiling | bizzayalamay tursaqif we keep on not spoiling | sizzayalamay tursağızif you all keep on not spoiling | alazayalamay tursalaif they keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menzayalay tura esemif I am in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay tura eseif he is in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay tura esekif we are in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay tura eseleif they are in the middle of spoiling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menzayalamay tura esemif I keep on not spoiling | senzayalamay tura eseŋif you keep on not spoiling | olzayalamay tura eseif he keeps on not spoiling | bizzayalamay tura esekif we keep on not spoiling | sizzayalamay tura esegizif you all keep on not spoiling | alazayalamay tura eseleif they keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menzayaladım esemif I spoiled | senzayaladıŋ eseŋif you spoiled | olzayaladı eseif he spoiled | bizzayaladıq esekif we spoiled | sizzayaladığız esegizif you all spoiled | alazayaladıla eseleif they spoiled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menzayalamadım esemif I didn't spoil | senzayalamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't spoil | olzayalamadı eseif he didn't spoil | bizzayalamadıq esekif we didn't spoil | sizzayalamadığız esegizif you all didn't spoil | alazayalamadıla eseleif they didn't spoil |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menzayalağan esemif I did spoil (indeed) | senzayalağan eseŋif you did spoil (indeed) | olzayalağan eseif he did spoil (indeed) | bizzayalağan esekif we did spoil (indeed) | sizzayalağan esegizif you all did spoil (indeed) | alazayalağan eseleif they did spoil (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menzayalamağan esemif I didn't spoil (indeed) | senzayalamağan eseŋif you didn't spoil (indeed) | olzayalamağan eseif he didn't spoil (indeed) | bizzayalamağan esekif we didn't spoil (indeed) | sizzayalamağan esegizif you all didn't spoil (indeed) | alazayalamağan eseleif they didn't spoil (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menzayalağan bolsamif I had spoiled | senzayalağan bolsaŋif you had spoiled | olzayalağan bolsaif he had spoiled | bizzayalağan bolsaqif we had spoiled | sizzayalağan bolsağızif you all had spoiled | alazayalağan bolsalaif they had spoiled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menzayalamağan bolsamif I hadn't spoiled | senzayalamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't spoiled | olzayalamağan bolsaif he hadn't spoiled | bizzayalamağan bolsaqif we hadn't spoiled | sizzayalamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't spoiled | alazayalamağan bolsalaif they hadn't spoiled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menzayalağan bolsam edizayalağan bolsam edif only I had spoiled | senzayalağan bolsaŋ edizayalağan bolsaŋ edif only you had spoiled | olzayalağan bolsa edizayalağan bolsaedif only he had spoiled | bizzayalağan bolsaq edizayalağan bolsaq edif only we had spoiled | sizzayalağan bolsağız edizayalağan bolsağız edif only you all had spoiled | alazayalağan bolsala edizayalağan bolsalaedif only they had spoiled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menzayalamağan bolsam edizayalamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't spoiled | senzayalamağan bolsaŋ edizayalamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't spoiled | olzayalamağan bolsa edizayalamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't spoiled | bizzayalamağan bolsaq edizayalamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't spoiled | sizzayalamağan bolsağız edizayalamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't spoiled | alazayalamağan bolsala edizayalamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't spoiled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menzayalar esemif I will spoil | senzayalar eseŋif you will spoil | olzayalar eseif he will spoil | bizzayalar esekif we will spoil | sizzayalar esegizif you all will spoil | alazayalar eseleif they will spoil |
| Conditional, aorist | menzayalamaz esemif I won't spoil | senzayalamaz eseŋif you won't spoil | olzayalamaz eseif he won't spoil | bizzayalamaz esekif we won't spoil | sizzayalamaz esegizif you all won't spoil | alazayalamaz eseleif they won't spoil |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menzayalarıq esemif I am going to spoil | senzayalarıq eseŋif you are going to spoil | olzayalarıq eseif he is going to spoil | bizzayalarıq esekif we are going to spoil | sizzayalarıq esegizif you all are going to spoil | alazayalarıq eseleif they are going to spoil |
| Conditional, future | menzayalarıq tül esemif I am not going to spoil | senzayalarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to spoil | olzayalarıq tül eseif he is not going to spoil | bizzayalarıq tül esekif we are not going to spoil | sizzayalarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to spoil | alazayalarıq tül eseleif they are not going to spoil |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menzayalarıq bolsamif I were going to spoil | senzayalarıq bolsaŋif you were going to spoil | olzayalarıq bolsaif he were going to spoil | bizzayalarıq bolsaqif we were going to spoil | sizzayalarıq bolsağızif you all were going to spoil | alazayalarıq bolsalaif they were going to spoil |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menzayalamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to spoil | senzayalamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to spoil | olzayalamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to spoil | bizzayalamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to spoil | sizzayalamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to spoil | alazayalamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to spoil |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso zayaladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menzayalay bolurmaI must be spoiling | senzayalay bolursayou must be spoiling | olzayalay bolurhe must be spoiling | bizzayalay bolurbuzwe must be spoiling | sizzayalay bolursuzyou all must be spoiling | alazayalay bolurlathey must be spoiling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menzayalamay bolurmaI must not be spoiling | senzayalamay bolursayou must not be spoiling | olzayalamay bolurhe must not be spoiling | bizzayalamay bolurbuzwe must not be spoiling | sizzayalamay bolursuzyou all must not be spoiling | alazayalamay bolurlathey must not be spoiling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menzayalay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of spoiling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menzayalamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not spoiling | senzayalamay tura bolursayou must keep on not spoiling | olzayalamay tura bolurhe must keep on not spoiling | bizzayalamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not spoiling | sizzayalamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not spoiling | alazayalamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not spoiling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menzayalağan bolurmaI must have spoiled | senzayalağan bolursayou must have spoiled | olzayalağan bolurhe must have spoiled | bizzayalağan bolurbuzwe must have spoiled | sizzayalağan bolursuzyou all must have spoiled | alazayalağan bolurlathey must have spoiled |
| Inference (must have) | menzayalamağan bolurmaI must not have spoiled | senzayalamağan bolursayou must not have spoiled | olzayalamağan bolurhe must not have spoiled | bizzayalamağan bolurbuzwe must not have spoiled | sizzayalamağan bolursuzyou all must not have spoiled | alazayalamağan bolurlathey must not have spoiled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menzayalarıq bolurmaI must be going to spoil | senzayalarıq bolursayou must be going to spoil | olzayalarıq bolurhe must be going to spoil | bizzayalarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to spoil | sizzayalarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to spoil | alazayalarıq bolurlathey must be going to spoil |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menzayalamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to spoil | senzayalamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to spoil | olzayalamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to spoil | bizzayalamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to spoil | sizzayalamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to spoil | alazayalamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to spoil |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menzayalayımlet me spoil | senzayala!spoil! | olzayalasınlet him spoil | bizzayalayıqlet's spoil | sizzayalağız!spoil, you all! | alazayalasınlalet them spoil |
| Commands & suggestions | menzayalamayımlet me not spoil | senzayalama!don't spoil! | olzayalamasınlet him not spoil | bizzayalamayıqlet's not spoil | sizzayalamağız!don't spoil, you all! | alazayalamasınlalet them not spoil |
| Commands & suggestions | menzayalayımmı?shall I spoil? | olzayalasınmı?should he spoil? | bizzayalayıqmı?shall we spoil? | alazayalasınlamı?should they spoil? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menzayalamayımmı?shall I not spoil? | olzayalamasınmı?should he not spoil? | bizzayalamayıqmı?shall we not spoil? | alazayalamasınlamı?should they not spoil? | ||
| Requests | senzayalaçı2zayalaçınplease spoil | olzayalasınçıdo let him spoil | sizzayalaçığızplease spoil (plural/polite) | alazayalasınlaçıdo let them spoil | ||
| Requests | senzayalamaçı2zayalamaçınplease don't spoil | olzayalamasınçıdo let him not spoil | sizzayalamaçığızplease don't spoil (plural/polite) | alazayalamasınlaçıdo let them not spoil | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senzayalağınzayalağımay you spoil | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senzayalamağınzayalamağımay you not spoil | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menzayalağay edim zayalağa edimwould that I spoiled | senzayalağay ediŋ zayalağa ediŋwould that you spoiled | olzayalağay edi zayalağa ediwould that he spoiled | bizzayalağay edik zayalağa edikwould that we spoiled | sizzayalağay edigiz zayalağa edigizwould that you all spoiled | alazayalağay edile zayalağa edilewould that they spoiled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menzayalamağay edim zayalamağa edimwould that I did not spoil | senzayalamağay ediŋ zayalamağa ediŋwould that you did not spoil | olzayalamağay edi zayalamağa ediwould that he did not spoil | bizzayalamağay edik zayalamağa edikwould that we did not spoil | sizzayalamağay edigiz zayalamağa edigizwould that you all did not spoil | alazayalamağay edile zayalamağa edilewould that they did not spoil |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menzayalamağa qoyayımzayalama qoyayımlet me allow someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoy!zayalama qoy!let someone spoil! | olzayalamağa qoysunzayalama qoysunlet him allow someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoyayıqzayalama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoyuğuz!zayalama qoyuğuz!let someone spoil, you all! | alazayalamağa qoysunlazayalama qoysunlalet them allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (commands) | menzayalamağa qoymayımzayalama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoyma!zayalama qoyma!don't let someone spoil! | olzayalamağa qoymasınzayalama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoymayıqzayalama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoymağız!zayalama qoymağız!don't let someone spoil, you all! | alazayalamağa qoymasınlazayalama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (commands) | menzayalamağa qoyayımmı?zayalama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoysunmu?zayalama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoyayıqmı?zayalama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoysunlamı?zayalama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to spoil? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menzayalamağa qoymayımmı?zayalama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoymasınmı?zayalama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoymayıqmı?zayalama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoymasınlamı?zayalama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to spoil? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menzayalamağa qoyamazayalama qoyamaI allow someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoyasazayalama qoyasayou allow someone to spoil | olzayalamağa qoyadızayalama qoyadıhe allows someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoyabızzayalama qoyabızwe allow someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoyasızzayalama qoyasızyou all allow someone to spoil | alazayalamağa qoyadılazayalama qoyadılathey allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (present) | menzayalamağa qoymaymazayalama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoymaysazayalama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to spoil | olzayalamağa qoymaydızayalama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoymaybızzayalama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoymaysızzayalama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to spoil | alazayalamağa qoymaydılazayalama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (present) | menzayalamağa qoyamamı?zayalama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to spoil? | senzayalamağa qoyamısa?zayalama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoyamıdı?zayalama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoyabızmı?zayalama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to spoil? | sizzayalamağa qoyamısız?zayalama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoyamıdıla?zayalama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (present) | menzayalamağa qoymaymamı?zayalama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to spoil? | senzayalamağa qoymaymısa?zayalama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoymaymıdı?zayalama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoymaybızmı?zayalama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to spoil? | sizzayalamağa qoymaymısız?zayalama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoymaymıdıla?zayalama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (past) | menzayalamağa qoydumzayalama qoydumI allowed someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoyduŋzayalama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to spoil | olzayalamağa qoyduzayalama qoyduhe allowed someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoyduqzayalama qoyduqwe allowed someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoyduğuzzayalama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to spoil | alazayalamağa qoydulazayalama qoydulathey allowed someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (past) | menzayalamağa qoymadımzayalama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to spoil | senzayalamağa qoymadıŋzayalama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to spoil | olzayalamağa qoymadızayalama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to spoil | bizzayalamağa qoymadıqzayalama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to spoil | sizzayalamağa qoymadığızzayalama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to spoil | alazayalamağa qoymadılazayalama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to spoil |
| Let someone… (past) | menzayalamağa qoydummu?zayalama qoydummu?did I allow someone to spoil? | senzayalamağa qoyduŋmu?zayalama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoydumu?zayalama qoydumu?did he allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoyduqmu?zayalama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to spoil? | sizzayalamağa qoyduğuzmu?zayalama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoydulamı?zayalama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to spoil? |
| Let someone… (past) | menzayalamağa qoymadımmı?zayalama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to spoil? | senzayalamağa qoymadıŋmı?zayalama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to spoil? | olzayalamağa qoymadımı?zayalama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to spoil? | bizzayalamağa qoymadıqmı?zayalama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to spoil? | sizzayalamağa qoymadığızmı?zayalama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to spoil? | alazayalamağa qoymadılamı?zayalama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to spoil? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
zayalayalırğa be able to spoil · zayalayalmazğa be unable to spoil
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menzayalayalamaI can spoil | senzayalayalasayou can spoil | olzayalayaladıhe can spoil | bizzayalayalabızwe can spoil | sizzayalayalasızyou all can spoil | alazayalayaladılathey can spoil |
| Ability — present | menzayalayalmaymaI can't spoil | senzayalayalmaysayou can't spoil | olzayalayalmaydıhe can't spoil | bizzayalayalmaybızwe can't spoil | sizzayalayalmaysızyou all can't spoil | alazayalayalmaydılathey can't spoil |
| Ability — present | menzayalayalamamı? zayalayalamıma?can I spoil? | senzayalayalamısa?can you spoil? | olzayalayalamıdı?can he spoil? | bizzayalayalabızmı? zayalayalamıbız?can we spoil? | sizzayalayalamısız?can you all spoil? | alazayalayalamıdıla?can they spoil? |
| Ability — present | menzayalayalmaymamı? zayalayalmaymıma?can't I spoil? | senzayalayalmaymısa?can't you spoil? | olzayalayalmaymıdı?can't he spoil? | bizzayalayalmaybızmı? zayalayalmaymıbız?can't we spoil? | sizzayalayalmaymısız?can't you all spoil? | alazayalayalmaymıdıla?can't they spoil? |
| Ability — if I can… | menzayalayalsamif I can spoil | senzayalayalsaŋif you can spoil | olzayalayalsaif he can spoil | bizzayalayalsaqif we can spoil | sizzayalayalsağızif you all can spoil | alazayalayalsalaif they can spoil |
| Ability — if I can… | menzayalayalmasamif I can't spoil | senzayalayalmasaŋif you can't spoil | olzayalayalmasaif he can't spoil | bizzayalayalmasaqif we can't spoil | sizzayalayalmasağızif you all can't spoil | alazayalayalmasalaif they can't spoil |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menzayalayaldımI was able to spoil | senzayalayaldıŋyou were able to spoil | olzayalayaldıhe was able to spoil | bizzayalayaldıqwe were able to spoil | sizzayalayaldığızyou all were able to spoil | alazayalayaldılathey were able to spoil |
| Ability — simple past | menzayalayalmadımI could not spoil | senzayalayalmadıŋyou could not spoil | olzayalayalmadıhe could not spoil | bizzayalayalmadıqwe could not spoil | sizzayalayalmadığızyou all could not spoil | alazayalayalmadılathey could not spoil |
| Ability — simple past | menzayalayaldımmı?was I able to spoil? | senzayalayaldıŋmı?were you able to spoil? | olzayalayaldımı?was he able to spoil? | bizzayalayaldıqmı?were we able to spoil? | sizzayalayaldığızmı?were you all able to spoil? | alazayalayaldılamı?were they able to spoil? |
| Ability — simple past | menzayalayalmadımmı?couldn't I spoil? | senzayalayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you spoil? | olzayalayalmadımı?couldn't he spoil? | bizzayalayalmadıqmı?couldn't we spoil? | sizzayalayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all spoil? | alazayalayalmadılamı?couldn't they spoil? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menzayalayalğanmaI have been able to spoil | senzayalayalğansayou have been able to spoil | olzayalayalğandıhe has been able to spoil | bizzayalayalğanbızwe have been able to spoil | sizzayalayalğansızyou all have been able to spoil | alazayalayalğandılathey have been able to spoil |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menzayalayalmağanmaI haven't been able to spoil | senzayalayalmağansayou haven't been able to spoil | olzayalayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to spoil | bizzayalayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to spoil | sizzayalayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to spoil | alazayalayalmağandılathey haven't been able to spoil |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menzayalayalğanmamı? zayalayalğanmıma?have I been able to spoil? | senzayalayalğanmısa?have you been able to spoil? | olzayalayalğanmıdı?has he been able to spoil? | bizzayalayalğanbızmı? zayalayalğanmıbız?have we been able to spoil? | sizzayalayalğanmısız?have you all been able to spoil? | alazayalayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to spoil? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menzayalayalmağanmamı? zayalayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to spoil? | senzayalayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to spoil? | olzayalayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to spoil? | bizzayalayalmağanbızmı? zayalayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to spoil? | sizzayalayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to spoil? | alazayalayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to spoil? |
| Ability — past perfect | menzayalayalğan edimzayalayalğanemI had been able to spoil | senzayalayalğan ediŋzayalayalğaneŋyou had been able to spoil | olzayalayalğan edizayalayalğanedhe had been able to spoil | bizzayalayalğan edikzayalayalğanekwe had been able to spoil | sizzayalayalğan edigizzayalayalğanegizyou all had been able to spoil | alazayalayalğan edilezayalayalğanellethey had been able to spoil |
| Ability — past perfect | menzayalayalmağan edimzayalayalmağanemI hadn't been able to spoil | senzayalayalmağan ediŋzayalayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to spoil | olzayalayalmağan edizayalayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to spoil | bizzayalayalmağan edikzayalayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to spoil | sizzayalayalmağan edigizzayalayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to spoil | alazayalayalmağan edilezayalayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to spoil |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menzayalayala edimzayalayalaemI could spoil | senzayalayala ediŋzayalayalaeŋyou could spoil | olzayalayala edizayalayalaedhe could spoil | bizzayalayala edikzayalayalaekwe could spoil | sizzayalayala edigizzayalayalaegizyou all could spoil | alazayalayala edilezayalayalaellethey could spoil |
| Ability — past background | menzayalayalmay edimzayalayalmayemI could not spoil | senzayalayalmay ediŋzayalayalmayeŋyou could not spoil | olzayalayalmay edizayalayalmayedhe could not spoil | bizzayalayalmay edikzayalayalmayekwe could not spoil | sizzayalayalmay edigizzayalayalmayegizyou all could not spoil | alazayalayalmay edilezayalayalmayellethey could not spoil |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menzayalayalırmaI will be able to spoil | senzayalayalırsayou will be able to spoil | olzayalayalırhe will be able to spoil | bizzayalayalırbızwe will be able to spoil | sizzayalayalırsızyou all will be able to spoil | alazayalayalırlathey will be able to spoil |
| Ability — future I | menzayalayalmazmaI won't be able to spoil | senzayalayalmazsayou won't be able to spoil | olzayalayalmazhe won't be able to spoil | bizzayalayalmazbızwe won't be able to spoil | sizzayalayalmazsızyou all won't be able to spoil | alazayalayalmazlathey won't be able to spoil |
| Ability — future I | menzayalayalırmamı? zayalayalırmıma?will I be able to spoil? | senzayalayalırmısa?will you be able to spoil? | olzayalayalırmı?will he be able to spoil? | bizzayalayalırbızmı? zayalayalırmıbız?will we be able to spoil? | sizzayalayalırmısız?will you all be able to spoil? | alazayalayalırlamı? zayalayalırmıla?will they be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future I | menzayalayalmazmamı? zayalayalmazmıma?won't I be able to spoil? | senzayalayalmazmısa?won't you be able to spoil? | olzayalayalmazmı?won't he be able to spoil? | bizzayalayalmazbızmı? zayalayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to spoil? | sizzayalayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to spoil? | alazayalayalmazlamı? zayalayalmazmıla?won't they be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future II | menzayalayallıqmaI am going to be able to spoil | senzayalayallıqsayou are going to be able to spoil | olzayalayallıqdıhe is going to be able to spoil | bizzayalayallıqbızwe are going to be able to spoil | sizzayalayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to spoil | alazayalayallıqdılathey are going to be able to spoil |
| Ability — future II | menzayalayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to spoil | senzayalayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to spoil | olzayalayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to spoil | bizzayalayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to spoil | sizzayalayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to spoil | alazayalayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to spoil |
| Ability — future II | menzayalayallıqmamı? zayalayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to spoil? | senzayalayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to spoil? | olzayalayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to spoil? | bizzayalayallıqbızmı? zayalayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to spoil? | sizzayalayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to spoil? | alazayalayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to spoil? |
| Ability — future II | menzayalayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to spoil? | senzayalayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to spoil? | olzayalayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to spoil? | bizzayalayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to spoil? | sizzayalayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to spoil? | alazayalayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to spoil? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menzayalayalır edimzayalayalır emI would be able to spoil | senzayalayalır ediŋzayalayalır eŋyou would be able to spoil | olzayalayalır edizayalayalır edhe would be able to spoil | bizzayalayalır edikzayalayalır ekwe would be able to spoil | sizzayalayalır edigizzayalayalır egizyou all would be able to spoil | alazayalayalır edilezayalayalır ellethey would be able to spoil |
| Ability — would be able to… | menzayalayalmaz edimzayalayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to spoil | senzayalayalmaz ediŋzayalayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to spoil | olzayalayalmaz edizayalayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to spoil | bizzayalayalmaz edikzayalayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to spoil | sizzayalayalmaz edigizzayalayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to spoil | alazayalayalmaz edilezayalayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to spoil |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senzayalayalğınzayalayalğımay you be able to spoil | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senzayalayalmağınzayalayalmağımay you not be able to spoil | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menzayalarğa izleymeI want to spoil | senzayalarğa izleyseyou want to spoil | olzayalarğa izleydihe wants to spoil | bizzayalarğa izleybizwe want to spoil | sizzayalarğa izleysizyou all want to spoil | alazayalarğa izleydilethey want to spoil |
| want to | menzayalarğa izlemeymeI do not want to spoil | senzayalarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to spoil | olzayalarğa izlemeydihe does not want to spoil | bizzayalarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to spoil | sizzayalarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to spoil | alazayalarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to spoil |
| would like to | menzayalarğa süemeI would like to spoil | senzayalarğa süeseyou would like to spoil | olzayalarğa süedihe would like to spoil | bizzayalarğa süebizwe would like to spoil | sizzayalarğa süesizyou all would like to spoil | alazayalarğa süedilethey would like to spoil |
| would like to | menzayalarğa süymeymeI would not like to spoil | senzayalarğa süymeyseyou would not like to spoil | olzayalarğa süymeydihe would not like to spoil | bizzayalarğa süymeybizwe would not like to spoil | sizzayalarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to spoil | alazayalarğa süymeydilethey would not like to spoil |
| hope to | menzayalarğa umutlanamaI hope to spoil | senzayalarğa umutlanasayou hope to spoil | olzayalarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to spoil | bizzayalarğa umutlanabızwe hope to spoil | sizzayalarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to spoil | alazayalarğa umutlanadılathey hope to spoil |
| hope to | menzayalarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to spoil | senzayalarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to spoil | olzayalarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to spoil | bizzayalarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to spoil | sizzayalarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to spoil | alazayalarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to spoil |
| be about to | menzayalarğa deb turamaI am about to spoil | senzayalarğa deb turasayou are about to spoil | olzayalarğa deb turadıhe is about to spoil | bizzayalarğa deb turabızwe are about to spoil | sizzayalarğa deb turasızyou all are about to spoil | alazayalarğa deb turadılathey are about to spoil |
| be about to | menzayalarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to spoil | senzayalarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to spoil | olzayalarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to spoil | bizzayalarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to spoil | sizzayalarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to spoil | alazayalarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to spoil |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menzayalarğa kerekmeI need to spoil | senzayalarğa kerekseyou need to spoil | olzayalarğa kerekdihe needs to spoil | bizzayalarğa kerekbizwe need to spoil | sizzayalarğa kereksizyou all need to spoil | alazayalarğa kerekdilethey need to spoil |
| need to | menzayalarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to spoil | senzayalarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to spoil | olzayalarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to spoil | bizzayalarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to spoil | sizzayalarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to spoil | alazayalarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to spoil |
| have to | menmenŋe zayalarğa tüşediI have to spoil | sensenŋe zayalarğa tüşediyou have to spoil | olaŋa zayalarğa tüşedihe has to spoil | bizbizge zayalarğa tüşediwe have to spoil | sizsizge zayalarğa tüşediyou all have to spoil | alaalağa zayalarğa tüşedithey have to spoil |
| have to | menmenŋe zayalarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to spoil | sensenŋe zayalarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to spoil | olaŋa zayalarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to spoil | bizbizge zayalarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to spoil | sizsizge zayalarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to spoil | alaalağa zayalarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to spoil |
| be obliged to | menzayalarğa borçlumaI am obliged to spoil | senzayalarğa borçlusayou are obliged to spoil | olzayalarğa borçluduhe is obliged to spoil | bizzayalarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to spoil | sizzayalarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to spoil | alazayalarğa borçludulathey are obliged to spoil |
| be obliged to | menzayalarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to spoil | senzayalarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to spoil | olzayalarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to spoil | bizzayalarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to spoil | sizzayalarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to spoil | alazayalarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to spoil |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menzayalarğa madarım bardıI have a way to spoil | senzayalarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to spoil | olzayalarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to spoil | bizzayalarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to spoil | sizzayalarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to spoil | alazayalarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to spoil |
| have a way to | menzayalarğa madarım joqduI have no way to spoil | senzayalarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to spoil | olzayalarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to spoil | bizzayalarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to spoil | sizzayalarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to spoil | alazayalarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to spoil |
| be free to | menzayalarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to spoil | senzayalarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to spoil | olzayalarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to spoil | bizzayalarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to spoil | sizzayalarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to spoil | alazayalarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to spoil |
| be free to | menzayalarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to spoil | senzayalarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to spoil | olzayalarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to spoil | bizzayalarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to spoil | sizzayalarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to spoil | alazayalarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to spoil |
| be possible to | menmenŋe zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to spoil | sensenŋe zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to spoil | olaŋa zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to spoil | bizbizge zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to spoil | sizsizge zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to spoil | alaalağa zayalarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to spoil |
| be possible to | menmenŋe zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to spoil | sensenŋe zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to spoil | olaŋa zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to spoil | bizbizge zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to spoil | sizsizge zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to spoil | alaalağa zayalarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to spoil |
| be ready to | menzayalarğa hazırmaI am ready to spoil | senzayalarğa hazırsayou are ready to spoil | olzayalarğa hazırdıhe is ready to spoil | bizzayalarğa hazırbızwe are ready to spoil | sizzayalarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to spoil | alazayalarğa hazırdılathey are ready to spoil |
| be ready to | menzayalarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to spoil | senzayalarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to spoil | olzayalarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to spoil | bizzayalarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to spoil | sizzayalarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to spoil | alazayalarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to spoil |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menzayalarğa küreşemeI am trying to spoil | senzayalarğa küreşeseyou are trying to spoil | olzayalarğa küreşedihe is trying to spoil | bizzayalarğa küreşebizwe are trying to spoil | sizzayalarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to spoil | alazayalarğa küreşedilethey are trying to spoil |
| try to | menzayalarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to spoil | senzayalarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to spoil | olzayalarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to spoil | bizzayalarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to spoil | sizzayalarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to spoil | alazayalarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to spoil |
| agree to | menzayalarğa unaymaI agree to spoil | senzayalarğa unaysayou agree to spoil | olzayalarğa unaydıhe agrees to spoil | bizzayalarğa unaybızwe agree to spoil | sizzayalarğa unaysızyou all agree to spoil | alazayalarğa unaydılathey agree to spoil |
| agree to | menzayalarğa unamaymaI refuse to spoil | senzayalarğa unamaysayou refuse to spoil | olzayalarğa unamaydıhe refuses to spoil | bizzayalarğa unamaybızwe refuse to spoil | sizzayalarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to spoil | alazayalarğa unamaydılathey refuse to spoil |
| hurry to | menzayalarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to spoil | senzayalarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to spoil | olzayalarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to spoil | bizzayalarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to spoil | sizzayalarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to spoil | alazayalarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to spoil |
| hurry to | menzayalarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to spoil | senzayalarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to spoil | olzayalarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to spoil | bizzayalarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to spoil | sizzayalarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to spoil | alazayalarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to spoil |
| be afraid to | menzayalarğa qorqamaI am afraid to spoil | senzayalarğa qorqasayou are afraid to spoil | olzayalarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to spoil | bizzayalarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to spoil | sizzayalarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to spoil | alazayalarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to spoil |
| be afraid to | menzayalarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to spoil | senzayalarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to spoil | olzayalarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to spoil | bizzayalarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to spoil | sizzayalarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to spoil | alazayalarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to spoil |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menzayalay bolmazmaI can't be spoiling | senzayalay bolmazsayou can't be spoiling | olzayalay bolmazhe can't be spoiling | bizzayalay bolmazbızwe can't be spoiling | sizzayalay bolmazsızyou all can't be spoiling | alazayalay bolmazlathey can't be spoiling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menzayalamay bolmazmaI must be spoiling (emphatic) | senzayalamay bolmazsayou must be spoiling (emphatic) | olzayalamay bolmazhe must be spoiling (emphatic) | bizzayalamay bolmazbızwe must be spoiling (emphatic) | sizzayalamay bolmazsızyou all must be spoiling (emphatic) | alazayalamay bolmazlathey must be spoiling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menzayalay turmasamif I don't keep spoiling | senzayalay turmasaŋif you don't keep spoiling | olzayalay turmasaif he doesn't keep spoiling | bizzayalay turmasaqif we don't keep spoiling | sizzayalay turmasağızif you all don't keep spoiling | alazayalay turmasalaif they don't keep spoiling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menzayalay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of spoiling | senzayalay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of spoiling | olzayalay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of spoiling | bizzayalay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of spoiling | sizzayalay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of spoiling | alazayalay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of spoiling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menzayalamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | senzayalamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | olzayalamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | bizzayalamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | sizzayalamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) | alazayalamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not spoiling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menzayalamay turamaI keep on not spoiling | senzayalamay turasayou keep on not spoiling | olzayalamay turadıhe keeps on not spoiling | bizzayalamay turabızwe keep on not spoiling | sizzayalamay turasızyou all keep on not spoiling | alazayalamay turadılathey keep on not spoiling |
| Progressive — double negation | menzayalamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not spoiling | senzayalamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not spoiling | olzayalamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not spoiling | bizzayalamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not spoiling | sizzayalamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not spoiling | alazayalamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not spoiling |
| Progressive — double negation | menzayalamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not spoiling? | senzayalamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not spoiling? | olzayalamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not spoiling? | bizzayalamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not spoiling? | sizzayalamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not spoiling? | alazayalamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not spoiling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menzayalağan bolmazmaI can't have spoiled | senzayalağan bolmazsayou can't have spoiled | olzayalağan bolmazhe can't have spoiled | bizzayalağan bolmazbızwe can't have spoiled | sizzayalağan bolmazsızyou all can't have spoiled | alazayalağan bolmazlathey can't have spoiled |
| Inference — double negation | menzayalamağan bolmazmaI must have spoiled (emphatic) | senzayalamağan bolmazsayou must have spoiled (emphatic) | olzayalamağan bolmazhe must have spoiled (emphatic) | bizzayalamağan bolmazbızwe must have spoiled (emphatic) | sizzayalamağan bolmazsızyou all must have spoiled (emphatic) | alazayalamağan bolmazlathey must have spoiled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menzayalağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had spoiled | senzayalağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had spoiled | olzayalağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had spoiled | bizzayalağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had spoiled | sizzayalağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had spoiled | alazayalağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had spoiled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menzayalamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't spoiled | senzayalamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't spoiled | olzayalamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't spoiled | bizzayalamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't spoiled | sizzayalamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't spoiled | alazayalamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't spoiled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menzayalarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to spoil | senzayalarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to spoil | olzayalarıq bolmazhe can't be going to spoil | bizzayalarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to spoil | sizzayalarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to spoil | alazayalarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to spoil |
| Inference, future — double negation | menzayalamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to spoil (emphatic) | senzayalamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to spoil (emphatic) | olzayalamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to spoil (emphatic) | bizzayalamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to spoil (emphatic) | sizzayalamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to spoil (emphatic) | alazayalamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to spoil (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menzayalarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to spoil | senzayalarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to spoil | olzayalarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to spoil | bizzayalarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to spoil | sizzayalarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to spoil | alazayalarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to spoil |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menzayalamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to spoil | senzayalamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to spoil | olzayalamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to spoil | bizzayalamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to spoil | sizzayalamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to spoil | alazayalamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to spoil |