zayalaw
/zajalaw/ · plural zayalawla
wasting, ruining, rendering (something) useless (verbal noun of zayalarğa) — The verbal noun of zayalarğa, as in kiyimni zayalaw "ruining clothes" and ırıshını zayalaw "wasting wealth". Tenishev and Suyunchev 1989 marks it Karachay.
- kiyimni zayalaw — ruining clothes
- ırıshını zayalaw — wasting wealth
- aşnı zayalaw — wasting food
Cases and owners
Singular
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | zayalawthe wasting | zayalawummy wasting | zayalawuŋyour wasting | zayalawuhis wasting | zayalawubuzour wasting | zayalawuğuzyou all's wasting | zayalawlarıtheir wastings |
| Genitive | zayalawnuthe wasting's | zayalawumumy wasting's | zayalawuŋuyour wasting's | zayalawunuhis wasting's | zayalawubuznuour wasting's | zayalawuğuznuyou all's wasting's | zayalawlarınıtheir wastings' |
| Accusative | zayalawnuthe wasting (as the object) | zayalawumumy wasting (as the object) | zayalawuŋuyour wasting (as the object) | zayalawunhis wasting (as the object) | zayalawubuznuour wasting (as the object) | zayalawuğuznuyou all's wasting (as the object) | zayalawlarıntheir wastings (as the object) |
| Dative | zayalawğato the wasting | zayalawumato my wasting | zayalawuŋato your wasting | zayalawunato his wasting | zayalawubuzğato our wasting | zayalawuğuzğato you all's wasting | zayalawlarınato their wastings |
| Locative | zayalawdain / at the wasting | zayalawumdain / at my wasting | zayalawuŋdain / at your wasting | zayalawundain / at his wasting | zayalawubuzdain / at our wasting | zayalawuğuzdain / at you all's wasting | zayalawlarındain / at their wastings |
| Ablative | zayalawdanfrom the wasting | zayalawumdanfrom my wasting | zayalawuŋdanfrom your wasting | zayalawundanfrom his wasting | zayalawubuzdanfrom our wasting | zayalawuğuzdanfrom you all's wasting | zayalawlarındanfrom their wastings |
Plural
| Case | —plain | menimy | seniyour | anıhis / her | bizniour | sizniyou all's | alanıtheir |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | zayalawlathe wastings | zayalawlarımmy wastings | zayalawlarıŋyour wastings | zayalawlarıhis wastings | zayalawlarıbızour wastings | zayalawlarığızyou all's wastings | zayalawlarıtheir wastings |
| Genitive | zayalawlanıthe wastings' | zayalawlarımımy wastings' | zayalawlarıŋıyour wastings' | zayalawlarınıhis wastings' | zayalawlarıbıznıour wastings' | zayalawlarığıznıyou all's wastings' | zayalawlarınıtheir wastings' |
| Accusative | zayalawlanıthe wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarımımy wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarıŋıyour wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarınhis wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarıbıznıour wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarığıznıyou all's wastings (as the object) | zayalawlarıntheir wastings (as the object) |
| Dative | zayalawlağato the wastings | zayalawlarımato my wastings | zayalawlarıŋato your wastings | zayalawlarınato his wastings | zayalawlarıbızğato our wastings | zayalawlarığızğato you all's wastings | zayalawlarınato their wastings |
| Locative | zayalawladain / at the wastings | zayalawlarımdain / at my wastings | zayalawlarıŋdain / at your wastings | zayalawlarındain / at his wastings | zayalawlarıbızdain / at our wastings | zayalawlarığızdain / at you all's wastings | zayalawlarındain / at their wastings |
| Ablative | zayalawladanfrom the wastings | zayalawlarımdanfrom my wastings | zayalawlarıŋdanfrom your wastings | zayalawlarındanfrom his wastings | zayalawlarıbızdanfrom our wastings | zayalawlarığızdanfrom you all's wastings | zayalawlarındanfrom their wastings |
The overlap in the last rows is real, not a mistake: zayalawları can mean "his / her wastings", "their wasting", or "their wastings" — context decides.
The endings are the same ones the pronouns wear — that page explains when each case is used.