uwlarğa
/uwlarʁa/
1. hunt, go hunting
- çegetlede uwlab aylanırğa — to hunt in the forests
- ol tawda uwlaydı — he hunts in the mountains
- jaşla uwlarğa ketdile — the lads went off to hunt
- kiyik uwlağandıla — they hunted game
- ayünü küz artında uwlaydıla — they hunt bears in late autumn
2. pursue, hunt down (a person) one source
- ömüründe biyni, baynı uwlağan — who all his life hunted down princes and the rich
- jaw bizni uwlaydı — the enemy is hunting us down
3. poison, steep in poison — Also used of putting out poison for pests, as in çıçhanlanı uwla, 'poison the mice'.
- darman bla kesiŋi uwlarğa — to poison oneself with medicine
- çıçhanlanı uwla — poison the mice
- tütün adamnı mıyısın uwlaydı — tobacco poisons a person's brain
- suwnu uwlarğa — to poison the water
- aşnı uwladıla — they poisoned the food
4. set someone on, egg on, incite against someone one source
- haman uwlab tururğa — to keep egging someone on
- igi aşhı uwlarğa — to egg someone on hard
- jaşnı uwladıla — they set the lad on
5. aim, direct someone or something at a target — Also used figuratively of setting someone's mind on something: oquwğa uwlab, 'set on studying'.
- tobnu uwlarğa — to aim the gun
- oquwğa uwlarğa — to set someone toward study
- jaşnı işge uwlarğa — to direct the lad toward the work
6. set, adjust, true up (a scythe) for mowing
- çalqını uwlarğa — to set a scythe
- ol çalqısın uwlaydı — he trues up his scythe
- çalqını uwlarğa kerekdi — the scythe needs truing up
Conjugation
Common forms
- uwlaydıhe is hunting
- uwladıhe hunted
- uwlağandıhe has hunted
- uwlarhe will hunt
- uwlarıqdıhe is going to hunt
- uwlay edihe was hunting
- uwlasaif he hunts
- uwla!hunt!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuwlaymaI am hunting | senuwlaysayou are hunting | oluwlaydıhe is hunting | bizuwlaybızwe are hunting | sizuwlaysızyou all are hunting | alauwlaydılathey are hunting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuwlamaymaI am not hunting | senuwlamaysayou are not hunting | oluwlamaydıhe is not hunting | bizuwlamaybızwe are not hunting | sizuwlamaysızyou all are not hunting | alauwlamaydılathey are not hunting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuwlaymamı? uwlaymıma?am I hunting? | senuwlaymısa?are you hunting? | oluwlaymıdı?is he hunting? | bizuwlaybızmı? uwlaymıbız?are we hunting? | sizuwlaymısız?are you all hunting? | alauwlaymıdıla?are they hunting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuwlamaymamı? uwlamaymıma?aren't I hunting? | senuwlamaymısa?aren't you hunting? | oluwlamaymıdı?isn't he hunting? | bizuwlamaybızmı? uwlamaymıbız?aren't we hunting? | sizuwlamaymısız?aren't you all hunting? | alauwlamaymıdıla?aren't they hunting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuwlawçanmaI usually hunt | senuwlawçansayou usually hunt | oluwlawçandıhe usually hunts | bizuwlawçanbızwe usually hunt | sizuwlawçansızyou all usually hunt | alauwlawçandılathey usually hunt |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuwlamawçanmaI usually don't hunt | senuwlamawçansayou usually don't hunt | oluwlamawçandıhe usually doesn't hunt | bizuwlamawçanbızwe usually don't hunt | sizuwlamawçansızyou all usually don't hunt | alauwlamawçandılathey usually don't hunt |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuwlawçanmamı? uwlawçanmıma?do I usually hunt? | senuwlawçanmısa?do you usually hunt? | oluwlawçanmıdı?does he usually hunt? | bizuwlawçanbızmı? uwlawçanmıbız?do we usually hunt? | sizuwlawçanmısız?do you all usually hunt? | alauwlawçanmıdıla?do they usually hunt? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuwlamawçanmamı? uwlamawçanmıma?do I usually not hunt? | senuwlamawçanmısa?do you usually not hunt? | oluwlamawçanmıdı?does he usually not hunt? | bizuwlamawçanbızmı? uwlamawçanmıbız?do we usually not hunt? | sizuwlamawçanmısız?do you all usually not hunt? | alauwlamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not hunt? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oluwlabdıhe has hunted and remains so | alauwlabdılathey have hunted and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oluwlabmıdı?has he hunted? | alauwlabmıdıla?have they hunted? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuwlab turamaI keep hunting | senuwlab turasayou keep hunting | oluwlab turadıhe keeps hunting | bizuwlab turabızwe keep hunting | sizuwlab turasızyou all keep hunting | alauwlab turadılathey keep hunting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuwlab turmaymaI don't keep hunting | senuwlab turmaysayou don't keep hunting | oluwlab turmaydıhe doesn't keep hunting | bizuwlab turmaybızwe don't keep hunting | sizuwlab turmaysızyou all don't keep hunting | alauwlab turmaydılathey don't keep hunting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuwlab turamamı? uwlab turamıma?do I keep hunting? | senuwlab turamısa?do you keep hunting? | oluwlab turamıdı?does he keep hunting? | bizuwlab turabızmı? uwlab turamıbız?do we keep hunting? | sizuwlab turamısız?do you all keep hunting? | alauwlab turamıdıla?do they keep hunting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menuwlab turmaymamı? uwlab turmaymıma?don't I keep hunting? | senuwlab turmaymısa?don't you keep hunting? | oluwlab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep hunting? | bizuwlab turmaybızmı? uwlab turmaymıbız?don't we keep hunting? | sizuwlab turmaymısız?don't you all keep hunting? | alauwlab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep hunting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuwlay turamaI am in the middle of hunting | senuwlay turasayou are in the middle of hunting | oluwlay turadıhe is in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay turabızwe are in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay turasızyou all are in the middle of hunting | alauwlay turadılathey are in the middle of hunting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuwlay turmaymaI am not in the middle of hunting | senuwlay turmaysayou are not in the middle of hunting | oluwlay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of hunting | alauwlay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of hunting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuwlay turamamı? uwlay turamıma?am I in the middle of hunting? | senuwlay turamısa?are you in the middle of hunting? | oluwlay turamıdı?is he in the middle of hunting? | bizuwlay turabızmı? uwlay turamıbız?are we in the middle of hunting? | sizuwlay turamısız?are you all in the middle of hunting? | alauwlay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of hunting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuwlay turmaymamı? uwlay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of hunting? | senuwlay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of hunting? | oluwlay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of hunting? | bizuwlay turmaybızmı? uwlay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of hunting? | sizuwlay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of hunting? | alauwlay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of hunting? |
| Simple past (definite) | menuwladımI hunted | senuwladıŋyou hunted | oluwladıhe hunted | bizuwladıqwe hunted | sizuwladığızyou all hunted | alauwladılathey hunted |
| Simple past (definite) | menuwlamadımI didn't hunt | senuwlamadıŋyou didn't hunt | oluwlamadıhe didn't hunt | bizuwlamadıqwe didn't hunt | sizuwlamadığızyou all didn't hunt | alauwlamadılathey didn't hunt |
| Simple past (definite) | menuwladımmı?did I hunt? | senuwladıŋmı?did you hunt? | oluwladımı?did he hunt? | bizuwladıqmı?did we hunt? | sizuwladığızmı?did you all hunt? | alauwladılamı?did they hunt? |
| Simple past (definite) | menuwlamadımmı?didn't I hunt? | senuwlamadıŋmı?didn't you hunt? | oluwlamadımı?didn't he hunt? | bizuwlamadıqmı?didn't we hunt? | sizuwlamadığızmı?didn't you all hunt? | alauwlamadılamı?didn't they hunt? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuwlağanmaI have hunted | senuwlağansayou have hunted | oluwlağandıhe has hunted | bizuwlağanbızwe have hunted | sizuwlağansızyou all have hunted | alauwlağandılathey have hunted |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuwlamağanmaI haven't hunted | senuwlamağansayou haven't hunted | oluwlamağandıhe hasn't hunted | bizuwlamağanbızwe haven't hunted | sizuwlamağansızyou all haven't hunted | alauwlamağandılathey haven't hunted |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuwlağanmamı? uwlağanmıma?have I hunted? | senuwlağanmısa?have you hunted? | oluwlağanmıdı?has he hunted? | bizuwlağanbızmı? uwlağanmıbız?have we hunted? | sizuwlağanmısız?have you all hunted? | alauwlağanmıdıla?have they hunted? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuwlamağanmamı? uwlamağanmıma?haven't I hunted? | senuwlamağanmısa?haven't you hunted? | oluwlamağanmıdı?hasn't he hunted? | bizuwlamağanbızmı? uwlamağanmıbız?haven't we hunted? | sizuwlamağanmısız?haven't you all hunted? | alauwlamağanmıdıla?haven't they hunted? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menuwlab turdumI kept hunting | senuwlab turduŋyou kept hunting | oluwlab turduhe kept hunting | bizuwlab turduqwe kept hunting | sizuwlab turduğuzyou all kept hunting | alauwlab turdulathey kept hunting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menuwlab turmadımI didn't keep hunting | senuwlab turmadıŋyou didn't keep hunting | oluwlab turmadıhe didn't keep hunting | bizuwlab turmadıqwe didn't keep hunting | sizuwlab turmadığızyou all didn't keep hunting | alauwlab turmadılathey didn't keep hunting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuwlarmaI will hunt | senuwlarsayou will hunt | oluwlarhe will hunt | bizuwlarbızwe will hunt | sizuwlarsızyou all will hunt | alauwlarlathey will hunt |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuwlamazmaI won't hunt | senuwlamazsayou won't hunt | oluwlamazhe won't hunt | bizuwlamazbızwe won't hunt | sizuwlamazsızyou all won't hunt | alauwlamazlathey won't hunt |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuwlarmamı? uwlarmıma?will I hunt? | senuwlarmısa?will you hunt? | oluwlarmı?will he hunt? | bizuwlarbızmı? uwlarmıbız?will we hunt? | sizuwlarmısız?will you all hunt? | alauwlarlamı? uwlarmıla?will they hunt? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menuwlamazmamı? uwlamazmıma?won't I hunt? | senuwlamazmısa?won't you hunt? | oluwlamazmı?won't he hunt? | bizuwlamazbızmı? uwlamazmıbız?won't we hunt? | sizuwlamazmısız?won't you all hunt? | alauwlamazlamı? uwlamazmıla?won't they hunt? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuwlarıqmaI am going to hunt | senuwlarıqsayou are going to hunt | oluwlarıqdıhe is going to hunt | bizuwlarıqbızwe are going to hunt | sizuwlarıqsızyou all are going to hunt | alauwlarıqdılathey are going to hunt |
| Definite future (future II) | menuwlarıq tülmeI am not going to hunt | senuwlarıq tülseyou are not going to hunt | oluwlarıq tüldühe is not going to hunt | bizuwlarıq tülbüzwe are not going to hunt | sizuwlarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to hunt | alauwlarıq tüldülethey are not going to hunt |
| Definite future (future II) | menuwlarıqmamı? uwlarıqmıma?am I going to hunt? | senuwlarıqmısa?are you going to hunt? | oluwlarıqmıdı?is he going to hunt? | bizuwlarıqbızmı? uwlarıqmıbız?are we going to hunt? | sizuwlarıqmısız?are you all going to hunt? | alauwlarıqmıdıla?are they going to hunt? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuwlarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to hunt? | senuwlarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to hunt? | oluwlarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to hunt? | bizuwlarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to hunt? | sizuwlarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to hunt? | alauwlarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to hunt? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menuwlağan edimuwlağanemI had hunted | senuwlağan ediŋuwlağaneŋyou had hunted | oluwlağan ediuwlağanedhe had hunted | bizuwlağan edikuwlağanekwe had hunted | sizuwlağan edigizuwlağanegizyou all had hunted | alauwlağan edileuwlağanellethey had hunted |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menuwlamağan edimuwlamağanemI hadn't hunted | senuwlamağan ediŋuwlamağaneŋyou hadn't hunted | oluwlamağan ediuwlamağanedhe hadn't hunted | bizuwlamağan edikuwlamağanekwe hadn't hunted | sizuwlamağan edigizuwlamağanegizyou all hadn't hunted | alauwlamağan edileuwlamağanellethey hadn't hunted |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuwlay edimuwlayemI was hunting | senuwlay ediŋuwlayeŋyou were hunting | oluwlay ediuwlayedhe was hunting | bizuwlay edikuwlayekwe were hunting | sizuwlay edigizuwlayegizyou all were hunting | alauwlay edileuwlayellethey were hunting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuwlamay edimuwlamayemI wasn't hunting | senuwlamay ediŋuwlamayeŋyou weren't hunting | oluwlamay ediuwlamayedhe wasn't hunting | bizuwlamay edikuwlamayekwe weren't hunting | sizuwlamay edigizuwlamayegizyou all weren't hunting | alauwlamay edileuwlamayellethey weren't hunting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menuwlawçan edimuwlawçanemI used to hunt | senuwlawçan ediŋuwlawçaneŋyou used to hunt | oluwlawçan ediuwlawçanedhe used to hunt | bizuwlawçan edikuwlawçanekwe used to hunt | sizuwlawçan edigizuwlawçanegizyou all used to hunt | alauwlawçan edileuwlawçanellethey used to hunt |
| Habitual past (used to) | menuwlamawçan edimuwlamawçanemI didn't use to hunt | senuwlamawçan ediŋuwlamawçaneŋyou didn't use to hunt | oluwlamawçan ediuwlamawçanedhe didn't use to hunt | bizuwlamawçan edikuwlamawçanekwe didn't use to hunt | sizuwlamawçan edigizuwlamawçanegizyou all didn't use to hunt | alauwlamawçan edileuwlamawçanellethey didn't use to hunt |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oluwlab edihe had hunted and remained so | alauwlab edilethey had hunted and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oluwlab tül edihe hadn't hunted | alauwlab tül edilethey hadn't hunted | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menuwlab tura edimuwlab turaemI had kept hunting | senuwlab tura ediŋuwlab turaeŋyou had kept hunting | oluwlab tura ediuwlab turaedhe had kept hunting | bizuwlab tura edikuwlab turaekwe had kept hunting | sizuwlab tura edigizuwlab turaegizyou all had kept hunting | alauwlab tura edileuwlab turaellethey had kept hunting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menuwlab turmay edimuwlab turmayemI hadn't kept hunting | senuwlab turmay ediŋuwlab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept hunting | oluwlab turmay ediuwlab turmayedhe hadn't kept hunting | bizuwlab turmay edikuwlab turmayekwe hadn't kept hunting | sizuwlab turmay edigizuwlab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept hunting | alauwlab turmay edileuwlab turmayellethey hadn't kept hunting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuwlay tura edimuwlay turaemI was in the middle of hunting | senuwlay tura ediŋuwlay turaeŋyou were in the middle of hunting | oluwlay tura ediuwlay turaedhe was in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay tura edikuwlay turaekwe were in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay tura edigizuwlay turaegizyou all were in the middle of hunting | alauwlay tura edileuwlay turaellethey were in the middle of hunting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuwlay turmay edimuwlay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of hunting | senuwlay turmay ediŋuwlay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of hunting | oluwlay turmay ediuwlay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay turmay edikuwlay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay turmay edigizuwlay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of hunting | alauwlay turmay edileuwlay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of hunting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menuwlar edimuwlar emI would hunt | senuwlar ediŋuwlar eŋyou would hunt | oluwlar ediuwlar edhe would hunt | bizuwlar edikuwlar ekwe would hunt | sizuwlar edigizuwlar egizyou all would hunt | alauwlar edileuwlar ellethey would hunt |
| Conditional result (would) | menuwlamaz edimuwlamaz emI wouldn't hunt | senuwlamaz ediŋuwlamaz eŋyou wouldn't hunt | oluwlamaz ediuwlamaz edhe wouldn't hunt | bizuwlamaz edikuwlamaz ekwe wouldn't hunt | sizuwlamaz edigizuwlamaz egizyou all wouldn't hunt | alauwlamaz edileuwlamaz ellethey wouldn't hunt |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuwlarıq edimuwlarıq emI would have hunted | senuwlarıq ediŋuwlarıq eŋyou would have hunted | oluwlarıq ediuwlarıq edhe would have hunted | bizuwlarıq edikuwlarıq ekwe would have hunted | sizuwlarıq edigizuwlarıq egizyou all would have hunted | alauwlarıq edileuwlarıq ellethey would have hunted |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuwlarıq tül edimuwlarıq tül emI wouldn't have hunted | senuwlarıq tül ediŋuwlarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have hunted | oluwlarıq tül ediuwlarıq tül edhe wouldn't have hunted | bizuwlarıq tül edikuwlarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have hunted | sizuwlarıq tül edigizuwlarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have hunted | alauwlarıq tül edileuwlarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have hunted |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menuwlasamif I hunt | senuwlasaŋif you hunt | oluwlasaif he hunts | bizuwlasaqif we hunt | sizuwlasağızif you all hunt | alauwlasalaif they hunt |
| Conditional | menuwlamasamif I don't hunt | senuwlamasaŋif you don't hunt | oluwlamasaif he doesn't hunt | bizuwlamasaqif we don't hunt | sizuwlamasağızif you all don't hunt | alauwlamasalaif they don't hunt |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menuwlay esemif I am hunting | senuwlay eseŋif you are hunting | oluwlay eseif he is hunting | bizuwlay esekif we are hunting | sizuwlay esegizif you all are hunting | alauwlay eseleif they are hunting |
| Conditional, present real | menuwlamay esemif I am not hunting | senuwlamay eseŋif you are not hunting | oluwlamay eseif he is not hunting | bizuwlamay esekif we are not hunting | sizuwlamay esegizif you all are not hunting | alauwlamay eseleif they are not hunting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menuwlasam ediuwlasam edif only I hunted | senuwlasaŋ ediuwlasaŋ edif only you hunted | oluwlasa ediuwlasaedif only he hunted | bizuwlasaq ediuwlasaq edif only we hunted | sizuwlasağız ediuwlasağız edif only you all hunted | alauwlasala ediuwlasalaedif only they hunted |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menuwlamasam ediuwlamasam edif only I didn't hunt | senuwlamasaŋ ediuwlamasaŋ edif only you didn't hunt | oluwlamasa ediuwlamasaedif only he didn't hunt | bizuwlamasaq ediuwlamasaq edif only we didn't hunt | sizuwlamasağız ediuwlamasağız edif only you all didn't hunt | alauwlamasala ediuwlamasalaedif only they didn't hunt |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menuwlab tursamif I carry on hunting | senuwlab tursaŋif you carry on hunting | oluwlab tursaif he carries on hunting | bizuwlab tursaqif we carry on hunting | sizuwlab tursağızif you all carry on hunting | alauwlab tursalaif they carry on hunting |
| Durative conditional | menuwlab turmasamif I don't carry on hunting | senuwlab turmasaŋif you don't carry on hunting | oluwlab turmasaif he doesn't carry on hunting | bizuwlab turmasaqif we don't carry on hunting | sizuwlab turmasağızif you all don't carry on hunting | alauwlab turmasalaif they don't carry on hunting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menuwlab tura esemif I have kept hunting | senuwlab tura eseŋif you have kept hunting | oluwlab tura eseif he has kept hunting | bizuwlab tura esekif we have kept hunting | sizuwlab tura esegizif you all have kept hunting | alauwlab tura eseleif they have kept hunting |
| Durative conditional, present real | menuwlab turmay esemif I haven't kept hunting | senuwlab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept hunting | oluwlab turmay eseif he hasn't kept hunting | bizuwlab turmay esekif we haven't kept hunting | sizuwlab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept hunting | alauwlab turmay eseleif they haven't kept hunting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menuwlay tursamif I keep hunting | senuwlay tursaŋif you keep hunting | oluwlay tursaif he keeps hunting | bizuwlay tursaqif we keep hunting | sizuwlay tursağızif you all keep hunting | alauwlay tursalaif they keep hunting |
| Progressive conditional | menuwlamay tursamif I keep on not hunting | senuwlamay tursaŋif you keep on not hunting | oluwlamay tursaif he keeps on not hunting | bizuwlamay tursaqif we keep on not hunting | sizuwlamay tursağızif you all keep on not hunting | alauwlamay tursalaif they keep on not hunting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuwlay tura esemif I am in the middle of hunting | senuwlay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of hunting | oluwlay tura eseif he is in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay tura esekif we are in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of hunting | alauwlay tura eseleif they are in the middle of hunting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuwlamay tura esemif I keep on not hunting | senuwlamay tura eseŋif you keep on not hunting | oluwlamay tura eseif he keeps on not hunting | bizuwlamay tura esekif we keep on not hunting | sizuwlamay tura esegizif you all keep on not hunting | alauwlamay tura eseleif they keep on not hunting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menuwladım esemif I hunted | senuwladıŋ eseŋif you hunted | oluwladı eseif he hunted | bizuwladıq esekif we hunted | sizuwladığız esegizif you all hunted | alauwladıla eseleif they hunted |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menuwlamadım esemif I didn't hunt | senuwlamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't hunt | oluwlamadı eseif he didn't hunt | bizuwlamadıq esekif we didn't hunt | sizuwlamadığız esegizif you all didn't hunt | alauwlamadıla eseleif they didn't hunt |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menuwlağan esemif I did hunt (indeed) | senuwlağan eseŋif you did hunt (indeed) | oluwlağan eseif he did hunt (indeed) | bizuwlağan esekif we did hunt (indeed) | sizuwlağan esegizif you all did hunt (indeed) | alauwlağan eseleif they did hunt (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menuwlamağan esemif I didn't hunt (indeed) | senuwlamağan eseŋif you didn't hunt (indeed) | oluwlamağan eseif he didn't hunt (indeed) | bizuwlamağan esekif we didn't hunt (indeed) | sizuwlamağan esegizif you all didn't hunt (indeed) | alauwlamağan eseleif they didn't hunt (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menuwlağan bolsamif I had hunted | senuwlağan bolsaŋif you had hunted | oluwlağan bolsaif he had hunted | bizuwlağan bolsaqif we had hunted | sizuwlağan bolsağızif you all had hunted | alauwlağan bolsalaif they had hunted |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menuwlamağan bolsamif I hadn't hunted | senuwlamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't hunted | oluwlamağan bolsaif he hadn't hunted | bizuwlamağan bolsaqif we hadn't hunted | sizuwlamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't hunted | alauwlamağan bolsalaif they hadn't hunted |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menuwlağan bolsam ediuwlağan bolsam edif only I had hunted | senuwlağan bolsaŋ ediuwlağan bolsaŋ edif only you had hunted | oluwlağan bolsa ediuwlağan bolsaedif only he had hunted | bizuwlağan bolsaq ediuwlağan bolsaq edif only we had hunted | sizuwlağan bolsağız ediuwlağan bolsağız edif only you all had hunted | alauwlağan bolsala ediuwlağan bolsalaedif only they had hunted |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menuwlamağan bolsam ediuwlamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't hunted | senuwlamağan bolsaŋ ediuwlamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't hunted | oluwlamağan bolsa ediuwlamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't hunted | bizuwlamağan bolsaq ediuwlamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't hunted | sizuwlamağan bolsağız ediuwlamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't hunted | alauwlamağan bolsala ediuwlamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't hunted |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menuwlar esemif I will hunt | senuwlar eseŋif you will hunt | oluwlar eseif he will hunt | bizuwlar esekif we will hunt | sizuwlar esegizif you all will hunt | alauwlar eseleif they will hunt |
| Conditional, aorist | menuwlamaz esemif I won't hunt | senuwlamaz eseŋif you won't hunt | oluwlamaz eseif he won't hunt | bizuwlamaz esekif we won't hunt | sizuwlamaz esegizif you all won't hunt | alauwlamaz eseleif they won't hunt |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menuwlarıq esemif I am going to hunt | senuwlarıq eseŋif you are going to hunt | oluwlarıq eseif he is going to hunt | bizuwlarıq esekif we are going to hunt | sizuwlarıq esegizif you all are going to hunt | alauwlarıq eseleif they are going to hunt |
| Conditional, future | menuwlarıq tül esemif I am not going to hunt | senuwlarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to hunt | oluwlarıq tül eseif he is not going to hunt | bizuwlarıq tül esekif we are not going to hunt | sizuwlarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to hunt | alauwlarıq tül eseleif they are not going to hunt |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menuwlarıq bolsamif I were going to hunt | senuwlarıq bolsaŋif you were going to hunt | oluwlarıq bolsaif he were going to hunt | bizuwlarıq bolsaqif we were going to hunt | sizuwlarıq bolsağızif you all were going to hunt | alauwlarıq bolsalaif they were going to hunt |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menuwlamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to hunt | senuwlamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to hunt | oluwlamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to hunt | bizuwlamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to hunt | sizuwlamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to hunt | alauwlamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to hunt |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso uwladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuwlay bolurmaI must be hunting | senuwlay bolursayou must be hunting | oluwlay bolurhe must be hunting | bizuwlay bolurbuzwe must be hunting | sizuwlay bolursuzyou all must be hunting | alauwlay bolurlathey must be hunting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuwlamay bolurmaI must not be hunting | senuwlamay bolursayou must not be hunting | oluwlamay bolurhe must not be hunting | bizuwlamay bolurbuzwe must not be hunting | sizuwlamay bolursuzyou all must not be hunting | alauwlamay bolurlathey must not be hunting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuwlay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of hunting | senuwlay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of hunting | oluwlay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of hunting | alauwlay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of hunting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuwlamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not hunting | senuwlamay tura bolursayou must keep on not hunting | oluwlamay tura bolurhe must keep on not hunting | bizuwlamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not hunting | sizuwlamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not hunting | alauwlamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not hunting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menuwlağan bolurmaI must have hunted | senuwlağan bolursayou must have hunted | oluwlağan bolurhe must have hunted | bizuwlağan bolurbuzwe must have hunted | sizuwlağan bolursuzyou all must have hunted | alauwlağan bolurlathey must have hunted |
| Inference (must have) | menuwlamağan bolurmaI must not have hunted | senuwlamağan bolursayou must not have hunted | oluwlamağan bolurhe must not have hunted | bizuwlamağan bolurbuzwe must not have hunted | sizuwlamağan bolursuzyou all must not have hunted | alauwlamağan bolurlathey must not have hunted |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menuwlarıq bolurmaI must be going to hunt | senuwlarıq bolursayou must be going to hunt | oluwlarıq bolurhe must be going to hunt | bizuwlarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to hunt | sizuwlarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to hunt | alauwlarıq bolurlathey must be going to hunt |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menuwlamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to hunt | senuwlamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to hunt | oluwlamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to hunt | bizuwlamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to hunt | sizuwlamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to hunt | alauwlamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to hunt |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menuwlayımlet me hunt | senuwla!hunt! | oluwlasınlet him hunt | bizuwlayıqlet's hunt | sizuwlağız!hunt, you all! | alauwlasınlalet them hunt |
| Commands & suggestions | menuwlamayımlet me not hunt | senuwlama!don't hunt! | oluwlamasınlet him not hunt | bizuwlamayıqlet's not hunt | sizuwlamağız!don't hunt, you all! | alauwlamasınlalet them not hunt |
| Commands & suggestions | menuwlayımmı?shall I hunt? | oluwlasınmı?should he hunt? | bizuwlayıqmı?shall we hunt? | alauwlasınlamı?should they hunt? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menuwlamayımmı?shall I not hunt? | oluwlamasınmı?should he not hunt? | bizuwlamayıqmı?shall we not hunt? | alauwlamasınlamı?should they not hunt? | ||
| Requests | senuwlaçı2uwlaçınplease hunt | oluwlasınçıdo let him hunt | sizuwlaçığızplease hunt (plural/polite) | alauwlasınlaçıdo let them hunt | ||
| Requests | senuwlamaçı2uwlamaçınplease don't hunt | oluwlamasınçıdo let him not hunt | sizuwlamaçığızplease don't hunt (plural/polite) | alauwlamasınlaçıdo let them not hunt | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senuwlağınuwlağımay you hunt | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senuwlamağınuwlamağımay you not hunt | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menuwlağay edim uwlağa edimwould that I hunted | senuwlağay ediŋ uwlağa ediŋwould that you hunted | oluwlağay edi uwlağa ediwould that he hunted | bizuwlağay edik uwlağa edikwould that we hunted | sizuwlağay edigiz uwlağa edigizwould that you all hunted | alauwlağay edile uwlağa edilewould that they hunted |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menuwlamağay edim uwlamağa edimwould that I did not hunt | senuwlamağay ediŋ uwlamağa ediŋwould that you did not hunt | oluwlamağay edi uwlamağa ediwould that he did not hunt | bizuwlamağay edik uwlamağa edikwould that we did not hunt | sizuwlamağay edigiz uwlamağa edigizwould that you all did not hunt | alauwlamağay edile uwlamağa edilewould that they did not hunt |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menuwlamağa qoyayımuwlama qoyayımlet me allow someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoy!uwlama qoy!let someone hunt! | oluwlamağa qoysunuwlama qoysunlet him allow someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoyayıquwlama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoyuğuz!uwlama qoyuğuz!let someone hunt, you all! | alauwlamağa qoysunlauwlama qoysunlalet them allow someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (commands) | menuwlamağa qoymayımuwlama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoyma!uwlama qoyma!don't let someone hunt! | oluwlamağa qoymasınuwlama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoymayıquwlama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoymağız!uwlama qoymağız!don't let someone hunt, you all! | alauwlamağa qoymasınlauwlama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (commands) | menuwlamağa qoyayımmı?uwlama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoysunmu?uwlama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoyayıqmı?uwlama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoysunlamı?uwlama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to hunt? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menuwlamağa qoymayımmı?uwlama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoymasınmı?uwlama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoymayıqmı?uwlama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoymasınlamı?uwlama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to hunt? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menuwlamağa qoyamauwlama qoyamaI allow someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoyasauwlama qoyasayou allow someone to hunt | oluwlamağa qoyadıuwlama qoyadıhe allows someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoyabızuwlama qoyabızwe allow someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoyasızuwlama qoyasızyou all allow someone to hunt | alauwlamağa qoyadılauwlama qoyadılathey allow someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (present) | menuwlamağa qoymaymauwlama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoymaysauwlama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to hunt | oluwlamağa qoymaydıuwlama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoymaybızuwlama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoymaysızuwlama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to hunt | alauwlamağa qoymaydılauwlama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (present) | menuwlamağa qoyamamı?uwlama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to hunt? | senuwlamağa qoyamısa?uwlama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoyamıdı?uwlama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoyabızmı?uwlama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to hunt? | sizuwlamağa qoyamısız?uwlama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoyamıdıla?uwlama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to hunt? |
| Let someone… (present) | menuwlamağa qoymaymamı?uwlama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to hunt? | senuwlamağa qoymaymısa?uwlama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoymaymıdı?uwlama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoymaybızmı?uwlama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to hunt? | sizuwlamağa qoymaymısız?uwlama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoymaymıdıla?uwlama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to hunt? |
| Let someone… (past) | menuwlamağa qoydumuwlama qoydumI allowed someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoyduŋuwlama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to hunt | oluwlamağa qoyduuwlama qoyduhe allowed someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoyduquwlama qoyduqwe allowed someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoyduğuzuwlama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to hunt | alauwlamağa qoydulauwlama qoydulathey allowed someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (past) | menuwlamağa qoymadımuwlama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to hunt | senuwlamağa qoymadıŋuwlama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to hunt | oluwlamağa qoymadıuwlama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to hunt | bizuwlamağa qoymadıquwlama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to hunt | sizuwlamağa qoymadığızuwlama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to hunt | alauwlamağa qoymadılauwlama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to hunt |
| Let someone… (past) | menuwlamağa qoydummu?uwlama qoydummu?did I allow someone to hunt? | senuwlamağa qoyduŋmu?uwlama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoydumu?uwlama qoydumu?did he allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoyduqmu?uwlama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to hunt? | sizuwlamağa qoyduğuzmu?uwlama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoydulamı?uwlama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to hunt? |
| Let someone… (past) | menuwlamağa qoymadımmı?uwlama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to hunt? | senuwlamağa qoymadıŋmı?uwlama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to hunt? | oluwlamağa qoymadımı?uwlama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to hunt? | bizuwlamağa qoymadıqmı?uwlama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to hunt? | sizuwlamağa qoymadığızmı?uwlama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to hunt? | alauwlamağa qoymadılamı?uwlama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to hunt? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
uwlayalırğa be able to hunt · uwlayalmazğa be unable to hunt
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menuwlayalamaI can hunt | senuwlayalasayou can hunt | oluwlayaladıhe can hunt | bizuwlayalabızwe can hunt | sizuwlayalasızyou all can hunt | alauwlayaladılathey can hunt |
| Ability — present | menuwlayalmaymaI can't hunt | senuwlayalmaysayou can't hunt | oluwlayalmaydıhe can't hunt | bizuwlayalmaybızwe can't hunt | sizuwlayalmaysızyou all can't hunt | alauwlayalmaydılathey can't hunt |
| Ability — present | menuwlayalamamı? uwlayalamıma?can I hunt? | senuwlayalamısa?can you hunt? | oluwlayalamıdı?can he hunt? | bizuwlayalabızmı? uwlayalamıbız?can we hunt? | sizuwlayalamısız?can you all hunt? | alauwlayalamıdıla?can they hunt? |
| Ability — present | menuwlayalmaymamı? uwlayalmaymıma?can't I hunt? | senuwlayalmaymısa?can't you hunt? | oluwlayalmaymıdı?can't he hunt? | bizuwlayalmaybızmı? uwlayalmaymıbız?can't we hunt? | sizuwlayalmaymısız?can't you all hunt? | alauwlayalmaymıdıla?can't they hunt? |
| Ability — if I can… | menuwlayalsamif I can hunt | senuwlayalsaŋif you can hunt | oluwlayalsaif he can hunt | bizuwlayalsaqif we can hunt | sizuwlayalsağızif you all can hunt | alauwlayalsalaif they can hunt |
| Ability — if I can… | menuwlayalmasamif I can't hunt | senuwlayalmasaŋif you can't hunt | oluwlayalmasaif he can't hunt | bizuwlayalmasaqif we can't hunt | sizuwlayalmasağızif you all can't hunt | alauwlayalmasalaif they can't hunt |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menuwlayaldımI was able to hunt | senuwlayaldıŋyou were able to hunt | oluwlayaldıhe was able to hunt | bizuwlayaldıqwe were able to hunt | sizuwlayaldığızyou all were able to hunt | alauwlayaldılathey were able to hunt |
| Ability — simple past | menuwlayalmadımI could not hunt | senuwlayalmadıŋyou could not hunt | oluwlayalmadıhe could not hunt | bizuwlayalmadıqwe could not hunt | sizuwlayalmadığızyou all could not hunt | alauwlayalmadılathey could not hunt |
| Ability — simple past | menuwlayaldımmı?was I able to hunt? | senuwlayaldıŋmı?were you able to hunt? | oluwlayaldımı?was he able to hunt? | bizuwlayaldıqmı?were we able to hunt? | sizuwlayaldığızmı?were you all able to hunt? | alauwlayaldılamı?were they able to hunt? |
| Ability — simple past | menuwlayalmadımmı?couldn't I hunt? | senuwlayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you hunt? | oluwlayalmadımı?couldn't he hunt? | bizuwlayalmadıqmı?couldn't we hunt? | sizuwlayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all hunt? | alauwlayalmadılamı?couldn't they hunt? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuwlayalğanmaI have been able to hunt | senuwlayalğansayou have been able to hunt | oluwlayalğandıhe has been able to hunt | bizuwlayalğanbızwe have been able to hunt | sizuwlayalğansızyou all have been able to hunt | alauwlayalğandılathey have been able to hunt |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuwlayalmağanmaI haven't been able to hunt | senuwlayalmağansayou haven't been able to hunt | oluwlayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to hunt | bizuwlayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to hunt | sizuwlayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to hunt | alauwlayalmağandılathey haven't been able to hunt |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuwlayalğanmamı? uwlayalğanmıma?have I been able to hunt? | senuwlayalğanmısa?have you been able to hunt? | oluwlayalğanmıdı?has he been able to hunt? | bizuwlayalğanbızmı? uwlayalğanmıbız?have we been able to hunt? | sizuwlayalğanmısız?have you all been able to hunt? | alauwlayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to hunt? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuwlayalmağanmamı? uwlayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to hunt? | senuwlayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to hunt? | oluwlayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to hunt? | bizuwlayalmağanbızmı? uwlayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to hunt? | sizuwlayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to hunt? | alauwlayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to hunt? |
| Ability — past perfect | menuwlayalğan edimuwlayalğanemI had been able to hunt | senuwlayalğan ediŋuwlayalğaneŋyou had been able to hunt | oluwlayalğan ediuwlayalğanedhe had been able to hunt | bizuwlayalğan edikuwlayalğanekwe had been able to hunt | sizuwlayalğan edigizuwlayalğanegizyou all had been able to hunt | alauwlayalğan edileuwlayalğanellethey had been able to hunt |
| Ability — past perfect | menuwlayalmağan edimuwlayalmağanemI hadn't been able to hunt | senuwlayalmağan ediŋuwlayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to hunt | oluwlayalmağan ediuwlayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to hunt | bizuwlayalmağan edikuwlayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to hunt | sizuwlayalmağan edigizuwlayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to hunt | alauwlayalmağan edileuwlayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to hunt |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menuwlayala edimuwlayalaemI could hunt | senuwlayala ediŋuwlayalaeŋyou could hunt | oluwlayala ediuwlayalaedhe could hunt | bizuwlayala edikuwlayalaekwe could hunt | sizuwlayala edigizuwlayalaegizyou all could hunt | alauwlayala edileuwlayalaellethey could hunt |
| Ability — past background | menuwlayalmay edimuwlayalmayemI could not hunt | senuwlayalmay ediŋuwlayalmayeŋyou could not hunt | oluwlayalmay ediuwlayalmayedhe could not hunt | bizuwlayalmay edikuwlayalmayekwe could not hunt | sizuwlayalmay edigizuwlayalmayegizyou all could not hunt | alauwlayalmay edileuwlayalmayellethey could not hunt |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menuwlayalırmaI will be able to hunt | senuwlayalırsayou will be able to hunt | oluwlayalırhe will be able to hunt | bizuwlayalırbızwe will be able to hunt | sizuwlayalırsızyou all will be able to hunt | alauwlayalırlathey will be able to hunt |
| Ability — future I | menuwlayalmazmaI won't be able to hunt | senuwlayalmazsayou won't be able to hunt | oluwlayalmazhe won't be able to hunt | bizuwlayalmazbızwe won't be able to hunt | sizuwlayalmazsızyou all won't be able to hunt | alauwlayalmazlathey won't be able to hunt |
| Ability — future I | menuwlayalırmamı? uwlayalırmıma?will I be able to hunt? | senuwlayalırmısa?will you be able to hunt? | oluwlayalırmı?will he be able to hunt? | bizuwlayalırbızmı? uwlayalırmıbız?will we be able to hunt? | sizuwlayalırmısız?will you all be able to hunt? | alauwlayalırlamı? uwlayalırmıla?will they be able to hunt? |
| Ability — future I | menuwlayalmazmamı? uwlayalmazmıma?won't I be able to hunt? | senuwlayalmazmısa?won't you be able to hunt? | oluwlayalmazmı?won't he be able to hunt? | bizuwlayalmazbızmı? uwlayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to hunt? | sizuwlayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to hunt? | alauwlayalmazlamı? uwlayalmazmıla?won't they be able to hunt? |
| Ability — future II | menuwlayallıqmaI am going to be able to hunt | senuwlayallıqsayou are going to be able to hunt | oluwlayallıqdıhe is going to be able to hunt | bizuwlayallıqbızwe are going to be able to hunt | sizuwlayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to hunt | alauwlayallıqdılathey are going to be able to hunt |
| Ability — future II | menuwlayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to hunt | senuwlayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to hunt | oluwlayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to hunt | bizuwlayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to hunt | sizuwlayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to hunt | alauwlayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to hunt |
| Ability — future II | menuwlayallıqmamı? uwlayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to hunt? | senuwlayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to hunt? | oluwlayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to hunt? | bizuwlayallıqbızmı? uwlayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to hunt? | sizuwlayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to hunt? | alauwlayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to hunt? |
| Ability — future II | menuwlayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to hunt? | senuwlayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to hunt? | oluwlayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to hunt? | bizuwlayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to hunt? | sizuwlayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to hunt? | alauwlayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to hunt? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuwlayalır edimuwlayalır emI would be able to hunt | senuwlayalır ediŋuwlayalır eŋyou would be able to hunt | oluwlayalır ediuwlayalır edhe would be able to hunt | bizuwlayalır edikuwlayalır ekwe would be able to hunt | sizuwlayalır edigizuwlayalır egizyou all would be able to hunt | alauwlayalır edileuwlayalır ellethey would be able to hunt |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuwlayalmaz edimuwlayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to hunt | senuwlayalmaz ediŋuwlayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to hunt | oluwlayalmaz ediuwlayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to hunt | bizuwlayalmaz edikuwlayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to hunt | sizuwlayalmaz edigizuwlayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to hunt | alauwlayalmaz edileuwlayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to hunt |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuwlayalğınuwlayalğımay you be able to hunt | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuwlayalmağınuwlayalmağımay you not be able to hunt | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menuwlarğa izleymeI want to hunt | senuwlarğa izleyseyou want to hunt | oluwlarğa izleydihe wants to hunt | bizuwlarğa izleybizwe want to hunt | sizuwlarğa izleysizyou all want to hunt | alauwlarğa izleydilethey want to hunt |
| want to | menuwlarğa izlemeymeI do not want to hunt | senuwlarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to hunt | oluwlarğa izlemeydihe does not want to hunt | bizuwlarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to hunt | sizuwlarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to hunt | alauwlarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to hunt |
| would like to | menuwlarğa süemeI would like to hunt | senuwlarğa süeseyou would like to hunt | oluwlarğa süedihe would like to hunt | bizuwlarğa süebizwe would like to hunt | sizuwlarğa süesizyou all would like to hunt | alauwlarğa süedilethey would like to hunt |
| would like to | menuwlarğa süymeymeI would not like to hunt | senuwlarğa süymeyseyou would not like to hunt | oluwlarğa süymeydihe would not like to hunt | bizuwlarğa süymeybizwe would not like to hunt | sizuwlarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to hunt | alauwlarğa süymeydilethey would not like to hunt |
| hope to | menuwlarğa umutlanamaI hope to hunt | senuwlarğa umutlanasayou hope to hunt | oluwlarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to hunt | bizuwlarğa umutlanabızwe hope to hunt | sizuwlarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to hunt | alauwlarğa umutlanadılathey hope to hunt |
| hope to | menuwlarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to hunt | senuwlarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to hunt | oluwlarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to hunt | bizuwlarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to hunt | sizuwlarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to hunt | alauwlarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to hunt |
| be about to | menuwlarğa deb turamaI am about to hunt | senuwlarğa deb turasayou are about to hunt | oluwlarğa deb turadıhe is about to hunt | bizuwlarğa deb turabızwe are about to hunt | sizuwlarğa deb turasızyou all are about to hunt | alauwlarğa deb turadılathey are about to hunt |
| be about to | menuwlarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to hunt | senuwlarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to hunt | oluwlarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to hunt | bizuwlarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to hunt | sizuwlarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to hunt | alauwlarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to hunt |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menuwlarğa kerekmeI need to hunt | senuwlarğa kerekseyou need to hunt | oluwlarğa kerekdihe needs to hunt | bizuwlarğa kerekbizwe need to hunt | sizuwlarğa kereksizyou all need to hunt | alauwlarğa kerekdilethey need to hunt |
| need to | menuwlarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to hunt | senuwlarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to hunt | oluwlarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to hunt | bizuwlarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to hunt | sizuwlarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to hunt | alauwlarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to hunt |
| have to | menmenŋe uwlarğa tüşediI have to hunt | sensenŋe uwlarğa tüşediyou have to hunt | olaŋa uwlarğa tüşedihe has to hunt | bizbizge uwlarğa tüşediwe have to hunt | sizsizge uwlarğa tüşediyou all have to hunt | alaalağa uwlarğa tüşedithey have to hunt |
| have to | menmenŋe uwlarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to hunt | sensenŋe uwlarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to hunt | olaŋa uwlarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to hunt | bizbizge uwlarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to hunt | sizsizge uwlarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to hunt | alaalağa uwlarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to hunt |
| be obliged to | menuwlarğa borçlumaI am obliged to hunt | senuwlarğa borçlusayou are obliged to hunt | oluwlarğa borçluduhe is obliged to hunt | bizuwlarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to hunt | sizuwlarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to hunt | alauwlarğa borçludulathey are obliged to hunt |
| be obliged to | menuwlarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to hunt | senuwlarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to hunt | oluwlarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to hunt | bizuwlarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to hunt | sizuwlarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to hunt | alauwlarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to hunt |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menuwlarğa madarım bardıI have a way to hunt | senuwlarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to hunt | oluwlarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to hunt | bizuwlarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to hunt | sizuwlarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to hunt | alauwlarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to hunt |
| have a way to | menuwlarğa madarım joqduI have no way to hunt | senuwlarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to hunt | oluwlarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to hunt | bizuwlarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to hunt | sizuwlarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to hunt | alauwlarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to hunt |
| be free to | menuwlarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to hunt | senuwlarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to hunt | oluwlarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to hunt | bizuwlarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to hunt | sizuwlarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to hunt | alauwlarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to hunt |
| be free to | menuwlarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to hunt | senuwlarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to hunt | oluwlarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to hunt | bizuwlarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to hunt | sizuwlarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to hunt | alauwlarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to hunt |
| be possible to | menmenŋe uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to hunt | sensenŋe uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to hunt | olaŋa uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to hunt | bizbizge uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to hunt | sizsizge uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to hunt | alaalağa uwlarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to hunt |
| be possible to | menmenŋe uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to hunt | sensenŋe uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to hunt | olaŋa uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to hunt | bizbizge uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to hunt | sizsizge uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to hunt | alaalağa uwlarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to hunt |
| be ready to | menuwlarğa hazırmaI am ready to hunt | senuwlarğa hazırsayou are ready to hunt | oluwlarğa hazırdıhe is ready to hunt | bizuwlarğa hazırbızwe are ready to hunt | sizuwlarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to hunt | alauwlarğa hazırdılathey are ready to hunt |
| be ready to | menuwlarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to hunt | senuwlarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to hunt | oluwlarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to hunt | bizuwlarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to hunt | sizuwlarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to hunt | alauwlarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to hunt |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menuwlarğa küreşemeI am trying to hunt | senuwlarğa küreşeseyou are trying to hunt | oluwlarğa küreşedihe is trying to hunt | bizuwlarğa küreşebizwe are trying to hunt | sizuwlarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to hunt | alauwlarğa küreşedilethey are trying to hunt |
| try to | menuwlarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to hunt | senuwlarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to hunt | oluwlarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to hunt | bizuwlarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to hunt | sizuwlarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to hunt | alauwlarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to hunt |
| agree to | menuwlarğa unaymaI agree to hunt | senuwlarğa unaysayou agree to hunt | oluwlarğa unaydıhe agrees to hunt | bizuwlarğa unaybızwe agree to hunt | sizuwlarğa unaysızyou all agree to hunt | alauwlarğa unaydılathey agree to hunt |
| agree to | menuwlarğa unamaymaI refuse to hunt | senuwlarğa unamaysayou refuse to hunt | oluwlarğa unamaydıhe refuses to hunt | bizuwlarğa unamaybızwe refuse to hunt | sizuwlarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to hunt | alauwlarğa unamaydılathey refuse to hunt |
| hurry to | menuwlarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to hunt | senuwlarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to hunt | oluwlarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to hunt | bizuwlarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to hunt | sizuwlarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to hunt | alauwlarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to hunt |
| hurry to | menuwlarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to hunt | senuwlarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to hunt | oluwlarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to hunt | bizuwlarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to hunt | sizuwlarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to hunt | alauwlarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to hunt |
| be afraid to | menuwlarğa qorqamaI am afraid to hunt | senuwlarğa qorqasayou are afraid to hunt | oluwlarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to hunt | bizuwlarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to hunt | sizuwlarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to hunt | alauwlarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to hunt |
| be afraid to | menuwlarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to hunt | senuwlarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to hunt | oluwlarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to hunt | bizuwlarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to hunt | sizuwlarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to hunt | alauwlarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to hunt |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menuwlay bolmazmaI can't be hunting | senuwlay bolmazsayou can't be hunting | oluwlay bolmazhe can't be hunting | bizuwlay bolmazbızwe can't be hunting | sizuwlay bolmazsızyou all can't be hunting | alauwlay bolmazlathey can't be hunting |
| Inference, present — double negation | menuwlamay bolmazmaI must be hunting (emphatic) | senuwlamay bolmazsayou must be hunting (emphatic) | oluwlamay bolmazhe must be hunting (emphatic) | bizuwlamay bolmazbızwe must be hunting (emphatic) | sizuwlamay bolmazsızyou all must be hunting (emphatic) | alauwlamay bolmazlathey must be hunting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menuwlay turmasamif I don't keep hunting | senuwlay turmasaŋif you don't keep hunting | oluwlay turmasaif he doesn't keep hunting | bizuwlay turmasaqif we don't keep hunting | sizuwlay turmasağızif you all don't keep hunting | alauwlay turmasalaif they don't keep hunting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menuwlay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of hunting | senuwlay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of hunting | oluwlay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of hunting | bizuwlay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of hunting | sizuwlay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of hunting | alauwlay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of hunting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menuwlamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not hunting (emphatic) | senuwlamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not hunting (emphatic) | oluwlamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not hunting (emphatic) | bizuwlamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not hunting (emphatic) | sizuwlamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not hunting (emphatic) | alauwlamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not hunting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menuwlamay turamaI keep on not hunting | senuwlamay turasayou keep on not hunting | oluwlamay turadıhe keeps on not hunting | bizuwlamay turabızwe keep on not hunting | sizuwlamay turasızyou all keep on not hunting | alauwlamay turadılathey keep on not hunting |
| Progressive — double negation | menuwlamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not hunting | senuwlamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not hunting | oluwlamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not hunting | bizuwlamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not hunting | sizuwlamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not hunting | alauwlamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not hunting |
| Progressive — double negation | menuwlamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not hunting? | senuwlamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not hunting? | oluwlamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not hunting? | bizuwlamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not hunting? | sizuwlamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not hunting? | alauwlamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not hunting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menuwlağan bolmazmaI can't have hunted | senuwlağan bolmazsayou can't have hunted | oluwlağan bolmazhe can't have hunted | bizuwlağan bolmazbızwe can't have hunted | sizuwlağan bolmazsızyou all can't have hunted | alauwlağan bolmazlathey can't have hunted |
| Inference — double negation | menuwlamağan bolmazmaI must have hunted (emphatic) | senuwlamağan bolmazsayou must have hunted (emphatic) | oluwlamağan bolmazhe must have hunted (emphatic) | bizuwlamağan bolmazbızwe must have hunted (emphatic) | sizuwlamağan bolmazsızyou all must have hunted (emphatic) | alauwlamağan bolmazlathey must have hunted (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menuwlağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had hunted | senuwlağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had hunted | oluwlağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had hunted | bizuwlağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had hunted | sizuwlağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had hunted | alauwlağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had hunted |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menuwlamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't hunted | senuwlamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't hunted | oluwlamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't hunted | bizuwlamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't hunted | sizuwlamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't hunted | alauwlamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't hunted |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menuwlarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to hunt | senuwlarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to hunt | oluwlarıq bolmazhe can't be going to hunt | bizuwlarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to hunt | sizuwlarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to hunt | alauwlarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to hunt |
| Inference, future — double negation | menuwlamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to hunt (emphatic) | senuwlamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to hunt (emphatic) | oluwlamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to hunt (emphatic) | bizuwlamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to hunt (emphatic) | sizuwlamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to hunt (emphatic) | alauwlamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to hunt (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menuwlarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to hunt | senuwlarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to hunt | oluwlarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to hunt | bizuwlarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to hunt | sizuwlarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to hunt | alauwlarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to hunt |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menuwlamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to hunt | senuwlamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to hunt | oluwlamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to hunt | bizuwlamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to hunt | sizuwlamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to hunt | alauwlamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to hunt |