tuwrarğa
/tuwrarʁa/
1. chop fine, shred, mince — Used especially of food cut into small pieces, such as cabbage, onion or meat.
- qobusta tuwrarğa — to shred cabbage
- sohannı uwaq tuwrarğa — to chop the onion fine
- hanslanı uwaq tuwradı — they chopped the herbs fine
- sohannı tuwray turama — I am chopping the onion
2. chop, cut up, hack
- et tuwrarğa — to cut up meat
- otunnu balta bla tuwradım — I chopped the firewood with an axe
- mallağa çügündür tuwrarğa — to chop beets for the livestock
- etni balta bla tuwraw — chopping the meat with an axe
- çıbıqnı tuwrarğa — to chop up the rod
- tuwrab qoyarğa — to chop up completely
Expressions
- aqılına sohan tuwrayım — what nonsense
Conjugation
Common forms
- tuwraydıhe is chopping fine
- tuwradıhe chopped fine
- tuwrağandıhe has chopped fine
- tuwrarhe will chop fine
- tuwrarıqdıhe is going to chop fine
- tuwray edihe was chopping fine
- tuwrasaif he chops fine
- tuwra!chop fine!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentuwraymaI am chopping fine | sentuwraysayou are chopping fine | oltuwraydıhe is chopping fine | biztuwraybızwe are chopping fine | siztuwraysızyou all are chopping fine | alatuwraydılathey are chopping fine |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentuwramaymaI am not chopping fine | sentuwramaysayou are not chopping fine | oltuwramaydıhe is not chopping fine | biztuwramaybızwe are not chopping fine | siztuwramaysızyou all are not chopping fine | alatuwramaydılathey are not chopping fine |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentuwraymamı? tuwraymıma?am I chopping fine? | sentuwraymısa?are you chopping fine? | oltuwraymıdı?is he chopping fine? | biztuwraybızmı? tuwraymıbız?are we chopping fine? | siztuwraymısız?are you all chopping fine? | alatuwraymıdıla?are they chopping fine? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentuwramaymamı? tuwramaymıma?aren't I chopping fine? | sentuwramaymısa?aren't you chopping fine? | oltuwramaymıdı?isn't he chopping fine? | biztuwramaybızmı? tuwramaymıbız?aren't we chopping fine? | siztuwramaymısız?aren't you all chopping fine? | alatuwramaymıdıla?aren't they chopping fine? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentuwrawçanmaI usually chop fine | sentuwrawçansayou usually chop fine | oltuwrawçandıhe usually chops fine | biztuwrawçanbızwe usually chop fine | siztuwrawçansızyou all usually chop fine | alatuwrawçandılathey usually chop fine |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentuwramawçanmaI usually don't chop fine | sentuwramawçansayou usually don't chop fine | oltuwramawçandıhe usually doesn't chop fine | biztuwramawçanbızwe usually don't chop fine | siztuwramawçansızyou all usually don't chop fine | alatuwramawçandılathey usually don't chop fine |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentuwrawçanmamı? tuwrawçanmıma?do I usually chop fine? | sentuwrawçanmısa?do you usually chop fine? | oltuwrawçanmıdı?does he usually chop fine? | biztuwrawçanbızmı? tuwrawçanmıbız?do we usually chop fine? | siztuwrawçanmısız?do you all usually chop fine? | alatuwrawçanmıdıla?do they usually chop fine? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentuwramawçanmamı? tuwramawçanmıma?do I usually not chop fine? | sentuwramawçanmısa?do you usually not chop fine? | oltuwramawçanmıdı?does he usually not chop fine? | biztuwramawçanbızmı? tuwramawçanmıbız?do we usually not chop fine? | siztuwramawçanmısız?do you all usually not chop fine? | alatuwramawçanmıdıla?do they usually not chop fine? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltuwrabdıhe has chopped fine and remains so | alatuwrabdılathey have chopped fine and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltuwrabmıdı?has he chopped fine? | alatuwrabmıdıla?have they chopped fine? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentuwrab turamaI keep chopping fine | sentuwrab turasayou keep chopping fine | oltuwrab turadıhe keeps chopping fine | biztuwrab turabızwe keep chopping fine | siztuwrab turasızyou all keep chopping fine | alatuwrab turadılathey keep chopping fine |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentuwrab turmaymaI don't keep chopping fine | sentuwrab turmaysayou don't keep chopping fine | oltuwrab turmaydıhe doesn't keep chopping fine | biztuwrab turmaybızwe don't keep chopping fine | siztuwrab turmaysızyou all don't keep chopping fine | alatuwrab turmaydılathey don't keep chopping fine |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentuwrab turamamı? tuwrab turamıma?do I keep chopping fine? | sentuwrab turamısa?do you keep chopping fine? | oltuwrab turamıdı?does he keep chopping fine? | biztuwrab turabızmı? tuwrab turamıbız?do we keep chopping fine? | siztuwrab turamısız?do you all keep chopping fine? | alatuwrab turamıdıla?do they keep chopping fine? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentuwrab turmaymamı? tuwrab turmaymıma?don't I keep chopping fine? | sentuwrab turmaymısa?don't you keep chopping fine? | oltuwrab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep chopping fine? | biztuwrab turmaybızmı? tuwrab turmaymıbız?don't we keep chopping fine? | siztuwrab turmaymısız?don't you all keep chopping fine? | alatuwrab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep chopping fine? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuwray turamaI am in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray turasayou are in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray turadıhe is in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray turabızwe are in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray turasızyou all are in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray turadılathey are in the middle of chopping fine |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuwray turmaymaI am not in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray turmaysayou are not in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray turmaydıhe is not in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray turmaybızwe are not in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray turmaydılathey are not in the middle of chopping fine |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuwray turamamı? tuwray turamıma?am I in the middle of chopping fine? | sentuwray turamısa?are you in the middle of chopping fine? | oltuwray turamıdı?is he in the middle of chopping fine? | biztuwray turabızmı? tuwray turamıbız?are we in the middle of chopping fine? | siztuwray turamısız?are you all in the middle of chopping fine? | alatuwray turamıdıla?are they in the middle of chopping fine? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentuwray turmaymamı? tuwray turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of chopping fine? | sentuwray turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of chopping fine? | oltuwray turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of chopping fine? | biztuwray turmaybızmı? tuwray turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of chopping fine? | siztuwray turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of chopping fine? | alatuwray turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of chopping fine? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentuwradımI chopped fine | sentuwradıŋyou chopped fine | oltuwradıhe chopped fine | biztuwradıqwe chopped fine | siztuwradığızyou all chopped fine | alatuwradılathey chopped fine |
| Simple past (definite) | mentuwramadımI didn't chop fine | sentuwramadıŋyou didn't chop fine | oltuwramadıhe didn't chop fine | biztuwramadıqwe didn't chop fine | siztuwramadığızyou all didn't chop fine | alatuwramadılathey didn't chop fine |
| Simple past (definite) | mentuwradımmı?did I chop fine? | sentuwradıŋmı?did you chop fine? | oltuwradımı?did he chop fine? | biztuwradıqmı?did we chop fine? | siztuwradığızmı?did you all chop fine? | alatuwradılamı?did they chop fine? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentuwramadımmı?didn't I chop fine? | sentuwramadıŋmı?didn't you chop fine? | oltuwramadımı?didn't he chop fine? | biztuwramadıqmı?didn't we chop fine? | siztuwramadığızmı?didn't you all chop fine? | alatuwramadılamı?didn't they chop fine? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuwrağanmaI have chopped fine | sentuwrağansayou have chopped fine | oltuwrağandıhe has chopped fine | biztuwrağanbızwe have chopped fine | siztuwrağansızyou all have chopped fine | alatuwrağandılathey have chopped fine |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuwramağanmaI haven't chopped fine | sentuwramağansayou haven't chopped fine | oltuwramağandıhe hasn't chopped fine | biztuwramağanbızwe haven't chopped fine | siztuwramağansızyou all haven't chopped fine | alatuwramağandılathey haven't chopped fine |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuwrağanmamı? tuwrağanmıma?have I chopped fine? | sentuwrağanmısa?have you chopped fine? | oltuwrağanmıdı?has he chopped fine? | biztuwrağanbızmı? tuwrağanmıbız?have we chopped fine? | siztuwrağanmısız?have you all chopped fine? | alatuwrağanmıdıla?have they chopped fine? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentuwramağanmamı? tuwramağanmıma?haven't I chopped fine? | sentuwramağanmısa?haven't you chopped fine? | oltuwramağanmıdı?hasn't he chopped fine? | biztuwramağanbızmı? tuwramağanmıbız?haven't we chopped fine? | siztuwramağanmısız?haven't you all chopped fine? | alatuwramağanmıdıla?haven't they chopped fine? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentuwrab turdumI kept chopping fine | sentuwrab turduŋyou kept chopping fine | oltuwrab turduhe kept chopping fine | biztuwrab turduqwe kept chopping fine | siztuwrab turduğuzyou all kept chopping fine | alatuwrab turdulathey kept chopping fine |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentuwrab turmadımI didn't keep chopping fine | sentuwrab turmadıŋyou didn't keep chopping fine | oltuwrab turmadıhe didn't keep chopping fine | biztuwrab turmadıqwe didn't keep chopping fine | siztuwrab turmadığızyou all didn't keep chopping fine | alatuwrab turmadılathey didn't keep chopping fine |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentuwrarmaI will chop fine | sentuwrarsayou will chop fine | oltuwrarhe will chop fine | biztuwrarbızwe will chop fine | siztuwrarsızyou all will chop fine | alatuwrarlathey will chop fine |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentuwramazmaI won't chop fine | sentuwramazsayou won't chop fine | oltuwramazhe won't chop fine | biztuwramazbızwe won't chop fine | siztuwramazsızyou all won't chop fine | alatuwramazlathey won't chop fine |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentuwrarmamı? tuwrarmıma?will I chop fine? | sentuwrarmısa?will you chop fine? | oltuwrarmı?will he chop fine? | biztuwrarbızmı? tuwrarmıbız?will we chop fine? | siztuwrarmısız?will you all chop fine? | alatuwrarlamı? tuwrarmıla?will they chop fine? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentuwramazmamı? tuwramazmıma?won't I chop fine? | sentuwramazmısa?won't you chop fine? | oltuwramazmı?won't he chop fine? | biztuwramazbızmı? tuwramazmıbız?won't we chop fine? | siztuwramazmısız?won't you all chop fine? | alatuwramazlamı? tuwramazmıla?won't they chop fine? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentuwrarıqmaI am going to chop fine | sentuwrarıqsayou are going to chop fine | oltuwrarıqdıhe is going to chop fine | biztuwrarıqbızwe are going to chop fine | siztuwrarıqsızyou all are going to chop fine | alatuwrarıqdılathey are going to chop fine |
| Definite future (future II) | mentuwrarıq tülmeI am not going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq tülseyou are not going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq tüldühe is not going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq tülbüzwe are not going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq tüldülethey are not going to chop fine |
| Definite future (future II) | mentuwrarıqmamı? tuwrarıqmıma?am I going to chop fine? | sentuwrarıqmısa?are you going to chop fine? | oltuwrarıqmıdı?is he going to chop fine? | biztuwrarıqbızmı? tuwrarıqmıbız?are we going to chop fine? | siztuwrarıqmısız?are you all going to chop fine? | alatuwrarıqmıdıla?are they going to chop fine? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentuwrarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to chop fine? | sentuwrarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to chop fine? | oltuwrarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to chop fine? | biztuwrarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to chop fine? | siztuwrarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to chop fine? | alatuwrarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to chop fine? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentuwrağan edimtuwrağanemI had chopped fine | sentuwrağan ediŋtuwrağaneŋyou had chopped fine | oltuwrağan edituwrağanedhe had chopped fine | biztuwrağan ediktuwrağanekwe had chopped fine | siztuwrağan edigiztuwrağanegizyou all had chopped fine | alatuwrağan ediletuwrağanellethey had chopped fine |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentuwramağan edimtuwramağanemI hadn't chopped fine | sentuwramağan ediŋtuwramağaneŋyou hadn't chopped fine | oltuwramağan edituwramağanedhe hadn't chopped fine | biztuwramağan ediktuwramağanekwe hadn't chopped fine | siztuwramağan edigiztuwramağanegizyou all hadn't chopped fine | alatuwramağan ediletuwramağanellethey hadn't chopped fine |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentuwray edimtuwrayemI was chopping fine | sentuwray ediŋtuwrayeŋyou were chopping fine | oltuwray edituwrayedhe was chopping fine | biztuwray ediktuwrayekwe were chopping fine | siztuwray edigiztuwrayegizyou all were chopping fine | alatuwray ediletuwrayellethey were chopping fine |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentuwramay edimtuwramayemI wasn't chopping fine | sentuwramay ediŋtuwramayeŋyou weren't chopping fine | oltuwramay edituwramayedhe wasn't chopping fine | biztuwramay ediktuwramayekwe weren't chopping fine | siztuwramay edigiztuwramayegizyou all weren't chopping fine | alatuwramay ediletuwramayellethey weren't chopping fine |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentuwrawçan edimtuwrawçanemI used to chop fine | sentuwrawçan ediŋtuwrawçaneŋyou used to chop fine | oltuwrawçan edituwrawçanedhe used to chop fine | biztuwrawçan ediktuwrawçanekwe used to chop fine | siztuwrawçan edigiztuwrawçanegizyou all used to chop fine | alatuwrawçan ediletuwrawçanellethey used to chop fine |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentuwramawçan edimtuwramawçanemI didn't use to chop fine | sentuwramawçan ediŋtuwramawçaneŋyou didn't use to chop fine | oltuwramawçan edituwramawçanedhe didn't use to chop fine | biztuwramawçan ediktuwramawçanekwe didn't use to chop fine | siztuwramawçan edigiztuwramawçanegizyou all didn't use to chop fine | alatuwramawçan ediletuwramawçanellethey didn't use to chop fine |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltuwrab edihe had chopped fine and remained so | alatuwrab edilethey had chopped fine and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltuwrab tül edihe hadn't chopped fine | alatuwrab tül edilethey hadn't chopped fine | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentuwrab tura edimtuwrab turaemI had kept chopping fine | sentuwrab tura ediŋtuwrab turaeŋyou had kept chopping fine | oltuwrab tura edituwrab turaedhe had kept chopping fine | biztuwrab tura ediktuwrab turaekwe had kept chopping fine | siztuwrab tura edigiztuwrab turaegizyou all had kept chopping fine | alatuwrab tura ediletuwrab turaellethey had kept chopping fine |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentuwrab turmay edimtuwrab turmayemI hadn't kept chopping fine | sentuwrab turmay ediŋtuwrab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept chopping fine | oltuwrab turmay edituwrab turmayedhe hadn't kept chopping fine | biztuwrab turmay ediktuwrab turmayekwe hadn't kept chopping fine | siztuwrab turmay edigiztuwrab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept chopping fine | alatuwrab turmay ediletuwrab turmayellethey hadn't kept chopping fine |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentuwray tura edimtuwray turaemI was in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray tura ediŋtuwray turaeŋyou were in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray tura edituwray turaedhe was in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray tura ediktuwray turaekwe were in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray tura edigiztuwray turaegizyou all were in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray tura ediletuwray turaellethey were in the middle of chopping fine |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentuwray turmay edimtuwray turmayemI wasn't in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray turmay ediŋtuwray turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray turmay edituwray turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray turmay ediktuwray turmayekwe weren't in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray turmay edigiztuwray turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray turmay ediletuwray turmayellethey weren't in the middle of chopping fine |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentuwrar edimtuwrar emI would chop fine | sentuwrar ediŋtuwrar eŋyou would chop fine | oltuwrar edituwrar edhe would chop fine | biztuwrar ediktuwrar ekwe would chop fine | siztuwrar edigiztuwrar egizyou all would chop fine | alatuwrar ediletuwrar ellethey would chop fine |
| Conditional result (would) | mentuwramaz edimtuwramaz emI wouldn't chop fine | sentuwramaz ediŋtuwramaz eŋyou wouldn't chop fine | oltuwramaz edituwramaz edhe wouldn't chop fine | biztuwramaz ediktuwramaz ekwe wouldn't chop fine | siztuwramaz edigiztuwramaz egizyou all wouldn't chop fine | alatuwramaz ediletuwramaz ellethey wouldn't chop fine |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentuwrarıq edimtuwrarıq emI would have chopped fine | sentuwrarıq ediŋtuwrarıq eŋyou would have chopped fine | oltuwrarıq edituwrarıq edhe would have chopped fine | biztuwrarıq ediktuwrarıq ekwe would have chopped fine | siztuwrarıq edigiztuwrarıq egizyou all would have chopped fine | alatuwrarıq ediletuwrarıq ellethey would have chopped fine |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentuwrarıq tül edimtuwrarıq tül emI wouldn't have chopped fine | sentuwrarıq tül ediŋtuwrarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have chopped fine | oltuwrarıq tül edituwrarıq tül edhe wouldn't have chopped fine | biztuwrarıq tül ediktuwrarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have chopped fine | siztuwrarıq tül edigiztuwrarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have chopped fine | alatuwrarıq tül ediletuwrarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have chopped fine |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentuwrasamif I chop fine | sentuwrasaŋif you chop fine | oltuwrasaif he chops fine | biztuwrasaqif we chop fine | siztuwrasağızif you all chop fine | alatuwrasalaif they chop fine |
| Conditional | mentuwramasamif I don't chop fine | sentuwramasaŋif you don't chop fine | oltuwramasaif he doesn't chop fine | biztuwramasaqif we don't chop fine | siztuwramasağızif you all don't chop fine | alatuwramasalaif they don't chop fine |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentuwray esemif I am chopping fine | sentuwray eseŋif you are chopping fine | oltuwray eseif he is chopping fine | biztuwray esekif we are chopping fine | siztuwray esegizif you all are chopping fine | alatuwray eseleif they are chopping fine |
| Conditional, present real | mentuwramay esemif I am not chopping fine | sentuwramay eseŋif you are not chopping fine | oltuwramay eseif he is not chopping fine | biztuwramay esekif we are not chopping fine | siztuwramay esegizif you all are not chopping fine | alatuwramay eseleif they are not chopping fine |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentuwrasam edituwrasam edif only I chopped fine | sentuwrasaŋ edituwrasaŋ edif only you chopped fine | oltuwrasa edituwrasaedif only he chopped fine | biztuwrasaq edituwrasaq edif only we chopped fine | siztuwrasağız edituwrasağız edif only you all chopped fine | alatuwrasala edituwrasalaedif only they chopped fine |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentuwramasam edituwramasam edif only I didn't chop fine | sentuwramasaŋ edituwramasaŋ edif only you didn't chop fine | oltuwramasa edituwramasaedif only he didn't chop fine | biztuwramasaq edituwramasaq edif only we didn't chop fine | siztuwramasağız edituwramasağız edif only you all didn't chop fine | alatuwramasala edituwramasalaedif only they didn't chop fine |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentuwrab tursamif I carry on chopping fine | sentuwrab tursaŋif you carry on chopping fine | oltuwrab tursaif he carries on chopping fine | biztuwrab tursaqif we carry on chopping fine | siztuwrab tursağızif you all carry on chopping fine | alatuwrab tursalaif they carry on chopping fine |
| Durative conditional | mentuwrab turmasamif I don't carry on chopping fine | sentuwrab turmasaŋif you don't carry on chopping fine | oltuwrab turmasaif he doesn't carry on chopping fine | biztuwrab turmasaqif we don't carry on chopping fine | siztuwrab turmasağızif you all don't carry on chopping fine | alatuwrab turmasalaif they don't carry on chopping fine |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentuwrab tura esemif I have kept chopping fine | sentuwrab tura eseŋif you have kept chopping fine | oltuwrab tura eseif he has kept chopping fine | biztuwrab tura esekif we have kept chopping fine | siztuwrab tura esegizif you all have kept chopping fine | alatuwrab tura eseleif they have kept chopping fine |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentuwrab turmay esemif I haven't kept chopping fine | sentuwrab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept chopping fine | oltuwrab turmay eseif he hasn't kept chopping fine | biztuwrab turmay esekif we haven't kept chopping fine | siztuwrab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept chopping fine | alatuwrab turmay eseleif they haven't kept chopping fine |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentuwray tursamif I keep chopping fine | sentuwray tursaŋif you keep chopping fine | oltuwray tursaif he keeps chopping fine | biztuwray tursaqif we keep chopping fine | siztuwray tursağızif you all keep chopping fine | alatuwray tursalaif they keep chopping fine |
| Progressive conditional | mentuwramay tursamif I keep on not chopping fine | sentuwramay tursaŋif you keep on not chopping fine | oltuwramay tursaif he keeps on not chopping fine | biztuwramay tursaqif we keep on not chopping fine | siztuwramay tursağızif you all keep on not chopping fine | alatuwramay tursalaif they keep on not chopping fine |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentuwray tura esemif I am in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray tura eseŋif you are in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray tura eseif he is in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray tura esekif we are in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray tura esegizif you all are in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray tura eseleif they are in the middle of chopping fine |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentuwramay tura esemif I keep on not chopping fine | sentuwramay tura eseŋif you keep on not chopping fine | oltuwramay tura eseif he keeps on not chopping fine | biztuwramay tura esekif we keep on not chopping fine | siztuwramay tura esegizif you all keep on not chopping fine | alatuwramay tura eseleif they keep on not chopping fine |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentuwradım esemif I chopped fine | sentuwradıŋ eseŋif you chopped fine | oltuwradı eseif he chopped fine | biztuwradıq esekif we chopped fine | siztuwradığız esegizif you all chopped fine | alatuwradıla eseleif they chopped fine |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentuwramadım esemif I didn't chop fine | sentuwramadıŋ eseŋif you didn't chop fine | oltuwramadı eseif he didn't chop fine | biztuwramadıq esekif we didn't chop fine | siztuwramadığız esegizif you all didn't chop fine | alatuwramadıla eseleif they didn't chop fine |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentuwrağan esemif I did chop fine (indeed) | sentuwrağan eseŋif you did chop fine (indeed) | oltuwrağan eseif he did chop fine (indeed) | biztuwrağan esekif we did chop fine (indeed) | siztuwrağan esegizif you all did chop fine (indeed) | alatuwrağan eseleif they did chop fine (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentuwramağan esemif I didn't chop fine (indeed) | sentuwramağan eseŋif you didn't chop fine (indeed) | oltuwramağan eseif he didn't chop fine (indeed) | biztuwramağan esekif we didn't chop fine (indeed) | siztuwramağan esegizif you all didn't chop fine (indeed) | alatuwramağan eseleif they didn't chop fine (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentuwrağan bolsamif I had chopped fine | sentuwrağan bolsaŋif you had chopped fine | oltuwrağan bolsaif he had chopped fine | biztuwrağan bolsaqif we had chopped fine | siztuwrağan bolsağızif you all had chopped fine | alatuwrağan bolsalaif they had chopped fine |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentuwramağan bolsamif I hadn't chopped fine | sentuwramağan bolsaŋif you hadn't chopped fine | oltuwramağan bolsaif he hadn't chopped fine | biztuwramağan bolsaqif we hadn't chopped fine | siztuwramağan bolsağızif you all hadn't chopped fine | alatuwramağan bolsalaif they hadn't chopped fine |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentuwrağan bolsam edituwrağan bolsam edif only I had chopped fine | sentuwrağan bolsaŋ edituwrağan bolsaŋ edif only you had chopped fine | oltuwrağan bolsa edituwrağan bolsaedif only he had chopped fine | biztuwrağan bolsaq edituwrağan bolsaq edif only we had chopped fine | siztuwrağan bolsağız edituwrağan bolsağız edif only you all had chopped fine | alatuwrağan bolsala edituwrağan bolsalaedif only they had chopped fine |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentuwramağan bolsam edituwramağan bolsam edif only I hadn't chopped fine | sentuwramağan bolsaŋ edituwramağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chopped fine | oltuwramağan bolsa edituwramağan bolsaedif only he hadn't chopped fine | biztuwramağan bolsaq edituwramağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't chopped fine | siztuwramağan bolsağız edituwramağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chopped fine | alatuwramağan bolsala edituwramağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't chopped fine |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentuwrar esemif I will chop fine | sentuwrar eseŋif you will chop fine | oltuwrar eseif he will chop fine | biztuwrar esekif we will chop fine | siztuwrar esegizif you all will chop fine | alatuwrar eseleif they will chop fine |
| Conditional, aorist | mentuwramaz esemif I won't chop fine | sentuwramaz eseŋif you won't chop fine | oltuwramaz eseif he won't chop fine | biztuwramaz esekif we won't chop fine | siztuwramaz esegizif you all won't chop fine | alatuwramaz eseleif they won't chop fine |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentuwrarıq esemif I am going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq eseŋif you are going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq eseif he is going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq esekif we are going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq esegizif you all are going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq eseleif they are going to chop fine |
| Conditional, future | mentuwrarıq tül esemif I am not going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq tül eseif he is not going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq tül esekif we are not going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq tül eseleif they are not going to chop fine |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentuwrarıq bolsamif I were going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq bolsaŋif you were going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq bolsaif he were going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq bolsaqif we were going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq bolsağızif you all were going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq bolsalaif they were going to chop fine |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentuwramazlıq bolsamif I were not going to chop fine | sentuwramazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to chop fine | oltuwramazlıq bolsaif he were not going to chop fine | biztuwramazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to chop fine | siztuwramazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to chop fine | alatuwramazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to chop fine |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tuwradıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentuwray bolurmaI must be chopping fine | sentuwray bolursayou must be chopping fine | oltuwray bolurhe must be chopping fine | biztuwray bolurbuzwe must be chopping fine | siztuwray bolursuzyou all must be chopping fine | alatuwray bolurlathey must be chopping fine |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentuwramay bolurmaI must not be chopping fine | sentuwramay bolursayou must not be chopping fine | oltuwramay bolurhe must not be chopping fine | biztuwramay bolurbuzwe must not be chopping fine | siztuwramay bolursuzyou all must not be chopping fine | alatuwramay bolurlathey must not be chopping fine |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentuwray tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray tura bolursayou must be in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray tura bolurhe must be in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of chopping fine |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentuwramay tura bolurmaI must keep on not chopping fine | sentuwramay tura bolursayou must keep on not chopping fine | oltuwramay tura bolurhe must keep on not chopping fine | biztuwramay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not chopping fine | siztuwramay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not chopping fine | alatuwramay tura bolurlathey must keep on not chopping fine |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentuwrağan bolurmaI must have chopped fine | sentuwrağan bolursayou must have chopped fine | oltuwrağan bolurhe must have chopped fine | biztuwrağan bolurbuzwe must have chopped fine | siztuwrağan bolursuzyou all must have chopped fine | alatuwrağan bolurlathey must have chopped fine |
| Inference (must have) | mentuwramağan bolurmaI must not have chopped fine | sentuwramağan bolursayou must not have chopped fine | oltuwramağan bolurhe must not have chopped fine | biztuwramağan bolurbuzwe must not have chopped fine | siztuwramağan bolursuzyou all must not have chopped fine | alatuwramağan bolurlathey must not have chopped fine |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentuwrarıq bolurmaI must be going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq bolursayou must be going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq bolurhe must be going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq bolurlathey must be going to chop fine |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentuwramazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to chop fine | sentuwramazlıq bolursayou must not be going to chop fine | oltuwramazlıq bolurhe must not be going to chop fine | biztuwramazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to chop fine | siztuwramazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to chop fine | alatuwramazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to chop fine |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentuwrayımlet me chop fine | sentuwra!chop fine! | oltuwrasınlet him chop fine | biztuwrayıqlet's chop fine | siztuwrağız!chop fine, you all! | alatuwrasınlalet them chop fine |
| Commands & suggestions | mentuwramayımlet me not chop fine | sentuwrama!don't chop fine! | oltuwramasınlet him not chop fine | biztuwramayıqlet's not chop fine | siztuwramağız!don't chop fine, you all! | alatuwramasınlalet them not chop fine |
| Commands & suggestions | mentuwrayımmı?shall I chop fine? | oltuwrasınmı?should he chop fine? | biztuwrayıqmı?shall we chop fine? | alatuwrasınlamı?should they chop fine? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentuwramayımmı?shall I not chop fine? | oltuwramasınmı?should he not chop fine? | biztuwramayıqmı?shall we not chop fine? | alatuwramasınlamı?should they not chop fine? | ||
| Requests | sentuwraçı2tuwraçınplease chop fine | oltuwrasınçıdo let him chop fine | siztuwraçığızplease chop fine (plural/polite) | alatuwrasınlaçıdo let them chop fine | ||
| Requests | sentuwramaçı2tuwramaçınplease don't chop fine | oltuwramasınçıdo let him not chop fine | siztuwramaçığızplease don't chop fine (plural/polite) | alatuwramasınlaçıdo let them not chop fine | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentuwrağıntuwrağımay you chop fine | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentuwramağıntuwramağımay you not chop fine | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentuwrağay edim tuwrağa edimwould that I chopped fine | sentuwrağay ediŋ tuwrağa ediŋwould that you chopped fine | oltuwrağay edi tuwrağa ediwould that he chopped fine | biztuwrağay edik tuwrağa edikwould that we chopped fine | siztuwrağay edigiz tuwrağa edigizwould that you all chopped fine | alatuwrağay edile tuwrağa edilewould that they chopped fine |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentuwramağay edim tuwramağa edimwould that I did not chop fine | sentuwramağay ediŋ tuwramağa ediŋwould that you did not chop fine | oltuwramağay edi tuwramağa ediwould that he did not chop fine | biztuwramağay edik tuwramağa edikwould that we did not chop fine | siztuwramağay edigiz tuwramağa edigizwould that you all did not chop fine | alatuwramağay edile tuwramağa edilewould that they did not chop fine |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentuwramağa qoyayımtuwrama qoyayımlet me allow someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoy!tuwrama qoy!let someone chop fine! | oltuwramağa qoysuntuwrama qoysunlet him allow someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoyayıqtuwrama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoyuğuz!tuwrama qoyuğuz!let someone chop fine, you all! | alatuwramağa qoysunlatuwrama qoysunlalet them allow someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentuwramağa qoymayımtuwrama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoyma!tuwrama qoyma!don't let someone chop fine! | oltuwramağa qoymasıntuwrama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoymayıqtuwrama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoymağız!tuwrama qoymağız!don't let someone chop fine, you all! | alatuwramağa qoymasınlatuwrama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentuwramağa qoyayımmı?tuwrama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoysunmu?tuwrama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoyayıqmı?tuwrama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoysunlamı?tuwrama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to chop fine? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentuwramağa qoymayımmı?tuwrama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoymasınmı?tuwrama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoymayıqmı?tuwrama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoymasınlamı?tuwrama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to chop fine? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentuwramağa qoyamatuwrama qoyamaI allow someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoyasatuwrama qoyasayou allow someone to chop fine | oltuwramağa qoyadıtuwrama qoyadıhe allows someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoyabıztuwrama qoyabızwe allow someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoyasıztuwrama qoyasızyou all allow someone to chop fine | alatuwramağa qoyadılatuwrama qoyadılathey allow someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (present) | mentuwramağa qoymaymatuwrama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoymaysatuwrama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to chop fine | oltuwramağa qoymaydıtuwrama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoymaybıztuwrama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoymaysıztuwrama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to chop fine | alatuwramağa qoymaydılatuwrama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (present) | mentuwramağa qoyamamı?tuwrama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to chop fine? | sentuwramağa qoyamısa?tuwrama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoyamıdı?tuwrama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoyabızmı?tuwrama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to chop fine? | siztuwramağa qoyamısız?tuwrama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoyamıdıla?tuwrama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to chop fine? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentuwramağa qoymaymamı?tuwrama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to chop fine? | sentuwramağa qoymaymısa?tuwrama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoymaymıdı?tuwrama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoymaybızmı?tuwrama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to chop fine? | siztuwramağa qoymaymısız?tuwrama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoymaymıdıla?tuwrama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to chop fine? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentuwramağa qoydumtuwrama qoydumI allowed someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoyduŋtuwrama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to chop fine | oltuwramağa qoydutuwrama qoyduhe allowed someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoyduqtuwrama qoyduqwe allowed someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoyduğuztuwrama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to chop fine | alatuwramağa qoydulatuwrama qoydulathey allowed someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (past) | mentuwramağa qoymadımtuwrama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to chop fine | sentuwramağa qoymadıŋtuwrama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to chop fine | oltuwramağa qoymadıtuwrama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to chop fine | biztuwramağa qoymadıqtuwrama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to chop fine | siztuwramağa qoymadığıztuwrama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to chop fine | alatuwramağa qoymadılatuwrama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to chop fine |
| Let someone… (past) | mentuwramağa qoydummu?tuwrama qoydummu?did I allow someone to chop fine? | sentuwramağa qoyduŋmu?tuwrama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoydumu?tuwrama qoydumu?did he allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoyduqmu?tuwrama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to chop fine? | siztuwramağa qoyduğuzmu?tuwrama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoydulamı?tuwrama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to chop fine? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentuwramağa qoymadımmı?tuwrama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to chop fine? | sentuwramağa qoymadıŋmı?tuwrama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to chop fine? | oltuwramağa qoymadımı?tuwrama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to chop fine? | biztuwramağa qoymadıqmı?tuwrama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to chop fine? | siztuwramağa qoymadığızmı?tuwrama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to chop fine? | alatuwramağa qoymadılamı?tuwrama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to chop fine? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tuwrayalırğa be able to chop fine · tuwrayalmazğa be unable to chop fine
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentuwrayalamaI can chop fine | sentuwrayalasayou can chop fine | oltuwrayaladıhe can chop fine | biztuwrayalabızwe can chop fine | siztuwrayalasızyou all can chop fine | alatuwrayaladılathey can chop fine |
| Ability — present | mentuwrayalmaymaI can't chop fine | sentuwrayalmaysayou can't chop fine | oltuwrayalmaydıhe can't chop fine | biztuwrayalmaybızwe can't chop fine | siztuwrayalmaysızyou all can't chop fine | alatuwrayalmaydılathey can't chop fine |
| Ability — present | mentuwrayalamamı? tuwrayalamıma?can I chop fine? | sentuwrayalamısa?can you chop fine? | oltuwrayalamıdı?can he chop fine? | biztuwrayalabızmı? tuwrayalamıbız?can we chop fine? | siztuwrayalamısız?can you all chop fine? | alatuwrayalamıdıla?can they chop fine? |
| Ability — present | mentuwrayalmaymamı? tuwrayalmaymıma?can't I chop fine? | sentuwrayalmaymısa?can't you chop fine? | oltuwrayalmaymıdı?can't he chop fine? | biztuwrayalmaybızmı? tuwrayalmaymıbız?can't we chop fine? | siztuwrayalmaymısız?can't you all chop fine? | alatuwrayalmaymıdıla?can't they chop fine? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentuwrayalsamif I can chop fine | sentuwrayalsaŋif you can chop fine | oltuwrayalsaif he can chop fine | biztuwrayalsaqif we can chop fine | siztuwrayalsağızif you all can chop fine | alatuwrayalsalaif they can chop fine |
| Ability — if I can… | mentuwrayalmasamif I can't chop fine | sentuwrayalmasaŋif you can't chop fine | oltuwrayalmasaif he can't chop fine | biztuwrayalmasaqif we can't chop fine | siztuwrayalmasağızif you all can't chop fine | alatuwrayalmasalaif they can't chop fine |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentuwrayaldımI was able to chop fine | sentuwrayaldıŋyou were able to chop fine | oltuwrayaldıhe was able to chop fine | biztuwrayaldıqwe were able to chop fine | siztuwrayaldığızyou all were able to chop fine | alatuwrayaldılathey were able to chop fine |
| Ability — simple past | mentuwrayalmadımI could not chop fine | sentuwrayalmadıŋyou could not chop fine | oltuwrayalmadıhe could not chop fine | biztuwrayalmadıqwe could not chop fine | siztuwrayalmadığızyou all could not chop fine | alatuwrayalmadılathey could not chop fine |
| Ability — simple past | mentuwrayaldımmı?was I able to chop fine? | sentuwrayaldıŋmı?were you able to chop fine? | oltuwrayaldımı?was he able to chop fine? | biztuwrayaldıqmı?were we able to chop fine? | siztuwrayaldığızmı?were you all able to chop fine? | alatuwrayaldılamı?were they able to chop fine? |
| Ability — simple past | mentuwrayalmadımmı?couldn't I chop fine? | sentuwrayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you chop fine? | oltuwrayalmadımı?couldn't he chop fine? | biztuwrayalmadıqmı?couldn't we chop fine? | siztuwrayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all chop fine? | alatuwrayalmadılamı?couldn't they chop fine? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentuwrayalğanmaI have been able to chop fine | sentuwrayalğansayou have been able to chop fine | oltuwrayalğandıhe has been able to chop fine | biztuwrayalğanbızwe have been able to chop fine | siztuwrayalğansızyou all have been able to chop fine | alatuwrayalğandılathey have been able to chop fine |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentuwrayalmağanmaI haven't been able to chop fine | sentuwrayalmağansayou haven't been able to chop fine | oltuwrayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to chop fine | biztuwrayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to chop fine | siztuwrayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to chop fine | alatuwrayalmağandılathey haven't been able to chop fine |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentuwrayalğanmamı? tuwrayalğanmıma?have I been able to chop fine? | sentuwrayalğanmısa?have you been able to chop fine? | oltuwrayalğanmıdı?has he been able to chop fine? | biztuwrayalğanbızmı? tuwrayalğanmıbız?have we been able to chop fine? | siztuwrayalğanmısız?have you all been able to chop fine? | alatuwrayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to chop fine? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentuwrayalmağanmamı? tuwrayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to chop fine? | sentuwrayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to chop fine? | oltuwrayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to chop fine? | biztuwrayalmağanbızmı? tuwrayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to chop fine? | siztuwrayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to chop fine? | alatuwrayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to chop fine? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentuwrayalğan edimtuwrayalğanemI had been able to chop fine | sentuwrayalğan ediŋtuwrayalğaneŋyou had been able to chop fine | oltuwrayalğan edituwrayalğanedhe had been able to chop fine | biztuwrayalğan ediktuwrayalğanekwe had been able to chop fine | siztuwrayalğan edigiztuwrayalğanegizyou all had been able to chop fine | alatuwrayalğan ediletuwrayalğanellethey had been able to chop fine |
| Ability — past perfect | mentuwrayalmağan edimtuwrayalmağanemI hadn't been able to chop fine | sentuwrayalmağan ediŋtuwrayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to chop fine | oltuwrayalmağan edituwrayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to chop fine | biztuwrayalmağan ediktuwrayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to chop fine | siztuwrayalmağan edigiztuwrayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to chop fine | alatuwrayalmağan ediletuwrayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to chop fine |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentuwrayala edimtuwrayalaemI could chop fine | sentuwrayala ediŋtuwrayalaeŋyou could chop fine | oltuwrayala edituwrayalaedhe could chop fine | biztuwrayala ediktuwrayalaekwe could chop fine | siztuwrayala edigiztuwrayalaegizyou all could chop fine | alatuwrayala ediletuwrayalaellethey could chop fine |
| Ability — past background | mentuwrayalmay edimtuwrayalmayemI could not chop fine | sentuwrayalmay ediŋtuwrayalmayeŋyou could not chop fine | oltuwrayalmay edituwrayalmayedhe could not chop fine | biztuwrayalmay ediktuwrayalmayekwe could not chop fine | siztuwrayalmay edigiztuwrayalmayegizyou all could not chop fine | alatuwrayalmay ediletuwrayalmayellethey could not chop fine |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentuwrayalırmaI will be able to chop fine | sentuwrayalırsayou will be able to chop fine | oltuwrayalırhe will be able to chop fine | biztuwrayalırbızwe will be able to chop fine | siztuwrayalırsızyou all will be able to chop fine | alatuwrayalırlathey will be able to chop fine |
| Ability — future I | mentuwrayalmazmaI won't be able to chop fine | sentuwrayalmazsayou won't be able to chop fine | oltuwrayalmazhe won't be able to chop fine | biztuwrayalmazbızwe won't be able to chop fine | siztuwrayalmazsızyou all won't be able to chop fine | alatuwrayalmazlathey won't be able to chop fine |
| Ability — future I | mentuwrayalırmamı? tuwrayalırmıma?will I be able to chop fine? | sentuwrayalırmısa?will you be able to chop fine? | oltuwrayalırmı?will he be able to chop fine? | biztuwrayalırbızmı? tuwrayalırmıbız?will we be able to chop fine? | siztuwrayalırmısız?will you all be able to chop fine? | alatuwrayalırlamı? tuwrayalırmıla?will they be able to chop fine? |
| Ability — future I | mentuwrayalmazmamı? tuwrayalmazmıma?won't I be able to chop fine? | sentuwrayalmazmısa?won't you be able to chop fine? | oltuwrayalmazmı?won't he be able to chop fine? | biztuwrayalmazbızmı? tuwrayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to chop fine? | siztuwrayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to chop fine? | alatuwrayalmazlamı? tuwrayalmazmıla?won't they be able to chop fine? |
| Ability — future II | mentuwrayallıqmaI am going to be able to chop fine | sentuwrayallıqsayou are going to be able to chop fine | oltuwrayallıqdıhe is going to be able to chop fine | biztuwrayallıqbızwe are going to be able to chop fine | siztuwrayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to chop fine | alatuwrayallıqdılathey are going to be able to chop fine |
| Ability — future II | mentuwrayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to chop fine | sentuwrayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to chop fine | oltuwrayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to chop fine | biztuwrayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to chop fine | siztuwrayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to chop fine | alatuwrayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to chop fine |
| Ability — future II | mentuwrayallıqmamı? tuwrayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to chop fine? | sentuwrayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to chop fine? | oltuwrayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to chop fine? | biztuwrayallıqbızmı? tuwrayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to chop fine? | siztuwrayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to chop fine? | alatuwrayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to chop fine? |
| Ability — future II | mentuwrayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to chop fine? | sentuwrayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to chop fine? | oltuwrayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to chop fine? | biztuwrayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to chop fine? | siztuwrayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to chop fine? | alatuwrayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to chop fine? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentuwrayalır edimtuwrayalır emI would be able to chop fine | sentuwrayalır ediŋtuwrayalır eŋyou would be able to chop fine | oltuwrayalır edituwrayalır edhe would be able to chop fine | biztuwrayalır ediktuwrayalır ekwe would be able to chop fine | siztuwrayalır edigiztuwrayalır egizyou all would be able to chop fine | alatuwrayalır ediletuwrayalır ellethey would be able to chop fine |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentuwrayalmaz edimtuwrayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to chop fine | sentuwrayalmaz ediŋtuwrayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to chop fine | oltuwrayalmaz edituwrayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to chop fine | biztuwrayalmaz ediktuwrayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to chop fine | siztuwrayalmaz edigiztuwrayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to chop fine | alatuwrayalmaz ediletuwrayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to chop fine |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentuwrayalğıntuwrayalğımay you be able to chop fine | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentuwrayalmağıntuwrayalmağımay you not be able to chop fine | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentuwrarğa izleymeI want to chop fine | sentuwrarğa izleyseyou want to chop fine | oltuwrarğa izleydihe wants to chop fine | biztuwrarğa izleybizwe want to chop fine | siztuwrarğa izleysizyou all want to chop fine | alatuwrarğa izleydilethey want to chop fine |
| want to | mentuwrarğa izlemeymeI do not want to chop fine | sentuwrarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to chop fine | oltuwrarğa izlemeydihe does not want to chop fine | biztuwrarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to chop fine | siztuwrarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to chop fine | alatuwrarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to chop fine |
| would like to | mentuwrarğa süemeI would like to chop fine | sentuwrarğa süeseyou would like to chop fine | oltuwrarğa süedihe would like to chop fine | biztuwrarğa süebizwe would like to chop fine | siztuwrarğa süesizyou all would like to chop fine | alatuwrarğa süedilethey would like to chop fine |
| would like to | mentuwrarğa süymeymeI would not like to chop fine | sentuwrarğa süymeyseyou would not like to chop fine | oltuwrarğa süymeydihe would not like to chop fine | biztuwrarğa süymeybizwe would not like to chop fine | siztuwrarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to chop fine | alatuwrarğa süymeydilethey would not like to chop fine |
| hope to | mentuwrarğa umutlanamaI hope to chop fine | sentuwrarğa umutlanasayou hope to chop fine | oltuwrarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to chop fine | biztuwrarğa umutlanabızwe hope to chop fine | siztuwrarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to chop fine | alatuwrarğa umutlanadılathey hope to chop fine |
| hope to | mentuwrarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to chop fine | sentuwrarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to chop fine | oltuwrarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to chop fine | biztuwrarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to chop fine | siztuwrarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to chop fine | alatuwrarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to chop fine |
| be about to | mentuwrarğa deb turamaI am about to chop fine | sentuwrarğa deb turasayou are about to chop fine | oltuwrarğa deb turadıhe is about to chop fine | biztuwrarğa deb turabızwe are about to chop fine | siztuwrarğa deb turasızyou all are about to chop fine | alatuwrarğa deb turadılathey are about to chop fine |
| be about to | mentuwrarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to chop fine | sentuwrarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to chop fine | oltuwrarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to chop fine | biztuwrarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to chop fine | siztuwrarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to chop fine | alatuwrarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to chop fine |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentuwrarğa kerekmeI need to chop fine | sentuwrarğa kerekseyou need to chop fine | oltuwrarğa kerekdihe needs to chop fine | biztuwrarğa kerekbizwe need to chop fine | siztuwrarğa kereksizyou all need to chop fine | alatuwrarğa kerekdilethey need to chop fine |
| need to | mentuwrarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to chop fine | sentuwrarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to chop fine | oltuwrarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to chop fine | biztuwrarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to chop fine | siztuwrarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to chop fine | alatuwrarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to chop fine |
| have to | menmenŋe tuwrarğa tüşediI have to chop fine | sensenŋe tuwrarğa tüşediyou have to chop fine | olaŋa tuwrarğa tüşedihe has to chop fine | bizbizge tuwrarğa tüşediwe have to chop fine | sizsizge tuwrarğa tüşediyou all have to chop fine | alaalağa tuwrarğa tüşedithey have to chop fine |
| have to | menmenŋe tuwrarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to chop fine | sensenŋe tuwrarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to chop fine | olaŋa tuwrarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to chop fine | bizbizge tuwrarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to chop fine | sizsizge tuwrarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to chop fine | alaalağa tuwrarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to chop fine |
| be obliged to | mentuwrarğa borçlumaI am obliged to chop fine | sentuwrarğa borçlusayou are obliged to chop fine | oltuwrarğa borçluduhe is obliged to chop fine | biztuwrarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to chop fine | siztuwrarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to chop fine | alatuwrarğa borçludulathey are obliged to chop fine |
| be obliged to | mentuwrarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to chop fine | sentuwrarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to chop fine | oltuwrarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to chop fine | biztuwrarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to chop fine | siztuwrarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to chop fine | alatuwrarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to chop fine |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentuwrarğa madarım bardıI have a way to chop fine | sentuwrarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to chop fine | oltuwrarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to chop fine | biztuwrarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to chop fine | siztuwrarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to chop fine | alatuwrarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to chop fine |
| have a way to | mentuwrarğa madarım joqduI have no way to chop fine | sentuwrarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to chop fine | oltuwrarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to chop fine | biztuwrarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to chop fine | siztuwrarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to chop fine | alatuwrarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to chop fine |
| be free to | mentuwrarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to chop fine | sentuwrarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to chop fine | oltuwrarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to chop fine | biztuwrarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to chop fine | siztuwrarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to chop fine | alatuwrarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to chop fine |
| be free to | mentuwrarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to chop fine | sentuwrarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to chop fine | oltuwrarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to chop fine | biztuwrarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to chop fine | siztuwrarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to chop fine | alatuwrarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to chop fine |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to chop fine | sensenŋe tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to chop fine | olaŋa tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to chop fine | bizbizge tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to chop fine | sizsizge tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to chop fine | alaalağa tuwrarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to chop fine |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to chop fine | sensenŋe tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to chop fine | olaŋa tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to chop fine | bizbizge tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to chop fine | sizsizge tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to chop fine | alaalağa tuwrarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to chop fine |
| be ready to | mentuwrarğa hazırmaI am ready to chop fine | sentuwrarğa hazırsayou are ready to chop fine | oltuwrarğa hazırdıhe is ready to chop fine | biztuwrarğa hazırbızwe are ready to chop fine | siztuwrarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to chop fine | alatuwrarğa hazırdılathey are ready to chop fine |
| be ready to | mentuwrarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to chop fine | sentuwrarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to chop fine | oltuwrarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to chop fine | biztuwrarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to chop fine | siztuwrarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to chop fine | alatuwrarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to chop fine |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentuwrarğa küreşemeI am trying to chop fine | sentuwrarğa küreşeseyou are trying to chop fine | oltuwrarğa küreşedihe is trying to chop fine | biztuwrarğa küreşebizwe are trying to chop fine | siztuwrarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to chop fine | alatuwrarğa küreşedilethey are trying to chop fine |
| try to | mentuwrarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to chop fine | sentuwrarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to chop fine | oltuwrarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to chop fine | biztuwrarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to chop fine | siztuwrarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to chop fine | alatuwrarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to chop fine |
| agree to | mentuwrarğa unaymaI agree to chop fine | sentuwrarğa unaysayou agree to chop fine | oltuwrarğa unaydıhe agrees to chop fine | biztuwrarğa unaybızwe agree to chop fine | siztuwrarğa unaysızyou all agree to chop fine | alatuwrarğa unaydılathey agree to chop fine |
| agree to | mentuwrarğa unamaymaI refuse to chop fine | sentuwrarğa unamaysayou refuse to chop fine | oltuwrarğa unamaydıhe refuses to chop fine | biztuwrarğa unamaybızwe refuse to chop fine | siztuwrarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to chop fine | alatuwrarğa unamaydılathey refuse to chop fine |
| hurry to | mentuwrarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to chop fine | sentuwrarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to chop fine | oltuwrarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to chop fine | biztuwrarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to chop fine | siztuwrarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to chop fine | alatuwrarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to chop fine |
| hurry to | mentuwrarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to chop fine | sentuwrarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to chop fine | oltuwrarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to chop fine | biztuwrarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to chop fine | siztuwrarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to chop fine | alatuwrarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to chop fine |
| be afraid to | mentuwrarğa qorqamaI am afraid to chop fine | sentuwrarğa qorqasayou are afraid to chop fine | oltuwrarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to chop fine | biztuwrarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to chop fine | siztuwrarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to chop fine | alatuwrarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to chop fine |
| be afraid to | mentuwrarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to chop fine | sentuwrarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to chop fine | oltuwrarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to chop fine | biztuwrarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to chop fine | siztuwrarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to chop fine | alatuwrarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to chop fine |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentuwray bolmazmaI can't be chopping fine | sentuwray bolmazsayou can't be chopping fine | oltuwray bolmazhe can't be chopping fine | biztuwray bolmazbızwe can't be chopping fine | siztuwray bolmazsızyou all can't be chopping fine | alatuwray bolmazlathey can't be chopping fine |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentuwramay bolmazmaI must be chopping fine (emphatic) | sentuwramay bolmazsayou must be chopping fine (emphatic) | oltuwramay bolmazhe must be chopping fine (emphatic) | biztuwramay bolmazbızwe must be chopping fine (emphatic) | siztuwramay bolmazsızyou all must be chopping fine (emphatic) | alatuwramay bolmazlathey must be chopping fine (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentuwray turmasamif I don't keep chopping fine | sentuwray turmasaŋif you don't keep chopping fine | oltuwray turmasaif he doesn't keep chopping fine | biztuwray turmasaqif we don't keep chopping fine | siztuwray turmasağızif you all don't keep chopping fine | alatuwray turmasalaif they don't keep chopping fine |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentuwray tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of chopping fine | sentuwray tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of chopping fine | oltuwray tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of chopping fine | biztuwray tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of chopping fine | siztuwray tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of chopping fine | alatuwray tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of chopping fine |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentuwramay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) | sentuwramay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) | oltuwramay tura bolmazhe must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) | biztuwramay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) | siztuwramay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) | alatuwramay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not chopping fine (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentuwramay turamaI keep on not chopping fine | sentuwramay turasayou keep on not chopping fine | oltuwramay turadıhe keeps on not chopping fine | biztuwramay turabızwe keep on not chopping fine | siztuwramay turasızyou all keep on not chopping fine | alatuwramay turadılathey keep on not chopping fine |
| Progressive — double negation | mentuwramay turmaymaI am not keeping on not chopping fine | sentuwramay turmaysayou are not keeping on not chopping fine | oltuwramay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not chopping fine | biztuwramay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not chopping fine | siztuwramay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not chopping fine | alatuwramay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not chopping fine |
| Progressive — double negation | mentuwramay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not chopping fine? | sentuwramay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not chopping fine? | oltuwramay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not chopping fine? | biztuwramay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not chopping fine? | siztuwramay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not chopping fine? | alatuwramay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not chopping fine? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentuwrağan bolmazmaI can't have chopped fine | sentuwrağan bolmazsayou can't have chopped fine | oltuwrağan bolmazhe can't have chopped fine | biztuwrağan bolmazbızwe can't have chopped fine | siztuwrağan bolmazsızyou all can't have chopped fine | alatuwrağan bolmazlathey can't have chopped fine |
| Inference — double negation | mentuwramağan bolmazmaI must have chopped fine (emphatic) | sentuwramağan bolmazsayou must have chopped fine (emphatic) | oltuwramağan bolmazhe must have chopped fine (emphatic) | biztuwramağan bolmazbızwe must have chopped fine (emphatic) | siztuwramağan bolmazsızyou all must have chopped fine (emphatic) | alatuwramağan bolmazlathey must have chopped fine (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentuwrağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had chopped fine | sentuwrağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chopped fine | oltuwrağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had chopped fine | biztuwrağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chopped fine | siztuwrağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chopped fine | alatuwrağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chopped fine |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentuwramağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chopped fine | sentuwramağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chopped fine | oltuwramağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chopped fine | biztuwramağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chopped fine | siztuwramağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chopped fine | alatuwramağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chopped fine |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentuwrarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq bolmazhe can't be going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to chop fine |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentuwramazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to chop fine (emphatic) | sentuwramazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to chop fine (emphatic) | oltuwramazlıq bolmazhe must be going to chop fine (emphatic) | biztuwramazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to chop fine (emphatic) | siztuwramazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to chop fine (emphatic) | alatuwramazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to chop fine (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentuwrarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to chop fine | sentuwrarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to chop fine | oltuwrarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to chop fine | biztuwrarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to chop fine | siztuwrarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to chop fine | alatuwrarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to chop fine |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentuwramazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to chop fine | sentuwramazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to chop fine | oltuwramazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to chop fine | biztuwramazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to chop fine | siztuwramazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to chop fine | alatuwramazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to chop fine |