töbenlerge
/tøbenlerɡe/
1. descend, go down lower, come down lower — Usually describes moving a little further down a slope or taking a lower seat, often with bir kesek or biraz ('a little').
- alayı miyikdi, bir kesek töbenle — it is high up there, come down a little lower
- quş töbenledi — the bird came down lower
- biz tawda töbenledik — we descended lower on the mountain
2. humiliate, belittle — Takes a person as its object, as in birewnü töbenleme 'do not humiliate others'.
- birewnü töbenleme — do not humiliate another person
- ol meni töbenledi — he humiliated me
- adamlanı töbenlemegiz — do not belittle people
Conjugation
Common forms
- töbenleydihe is descending
- töbenledihe descended
- töbenlegendihe has descended
- töbenlerhe will descend
- töbenlerikdihe is going to descend
- töbenley edihe was descending
- töbenleseif he descends
- töbenle!descend!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöbenleymeI am descending | sentöbenleyseyou are descending | oltöbenleydihe is descending | biztöbenleybizwe are descending | siztöbenleysizyou all are descending | alatöbenleydilethey are descending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöbenlemeymeI am not descending | sentöbenlemeyseyou are not descending | oltöbenlemeydihe is not descending | biztöbenlemeybizwe are not descending | siztöbenlemeysizyou all are not descending | alatöbenlemeydilethey are not descending |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöbenleymemi? töbenleymime?am I descending? | sentöbenleymise?are you descending? | oltöbenleymidi?is he descending? | biztöbenleybizmi? töbenleymibiz?are we descending? | siztöbenleymisiz?are you all descending? | alatöbenleymidile?are they descending? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentöbenlemeymemi? töbenlemeymime?aren't I descending? | sentöbenlemeymise?aren't you descending? | oltöbenlemeymidi?isn't he descending? | biztöbenlemeybizmi? töbenlemeymibiz?aren't we descending? | siztöbenlemeymisiz?aren't you all descending? | alatöbenlemeymidile?aren't they descending? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöbenlewçenmeI usually descend | sentöbenlewçenseyou usually descend | oltöbenlewçendihe usually descends | biztöbenlewçenbizwe usually descend | siztöbenlewçensizyou all usually descend | alatöbenlewçendilethey usually descend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöbenlemewçenmeI usually don't descend | sentöbenlemewçenseyou usually don't descend | oltöbenlemewçendihe usually doesn't descend | biztöbenlemewçenbizwe usually don't descend | siztöbenlemewçensizyou all usually don't descend | alatöbenlemewçendilethey usually don't descend |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöbenlewçenmemi? töbenlewçenmime?do I usually descend? | sentöbenlewçenmise?do you usually descend? | oltöbenlewçenmidi?does he usually descend? | biztöbenlewçenbizmi? töbenlewçenmibiz?do we usually descend? | siztöbenlewçenmisiz?do you all usually descend? | alatöbenlewçenmidile?do they usually descend? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentöbenlemewçenmemi? töbenlemewçenmime?do I usually not descend? | sentöbenlemewçenmise?do you usually not descend? | oltöbenlemewçenmidi?does he usually not descend? | biztöbenlemewçenbizmi? töbenlemewçenmibiz?do we usually not descend? | siztöbenlemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not descend? | alatöbenlemewçenmidile?do they usually not descend? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltöbenlebdihe has descended and remains so | alatöbenlebdilethey have descended and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltöbenlebmidi?has he descended? | alatöbenlebmidile?have they descended? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöbenleb turamaI keep descending | sentöbenleb turasayou keep descending | oltöbenleb turadıhe keeps descending | biztöbenleb turabızwe keep descending | siztöbenleb turasızyou all keep descending | alatöbenleb turadılathey keep descending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöbenleb turmaymaI don't keep descending | sentöbenleb turmaysayou don't keep descending | oltöbenleb turmaydıhe doesn't keep descending | biztöbenleb turmaybızwe don't keep descending | siztöbenleb turmaysızyou all don't keep descending | alatöbenleb turmaydılathey don't keep descending |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöbenleb turamamı? töbenleb turamıma?do I keep descending? | sentöbenleb turamısa?do you keep descending? | oltöbenleb turamıdı?does he keep descending? | biztöbenleb turabızmı? töbenleb turamıbız?do we keep descending? | siztöbenleb turamısız?do you all keep descending? | alatöbenleb turamıdıla?do they keep descending? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentöbenleb turmaymamı? töbenleb turmaymıma?don't I keep descending? | sentöbenleb turmaymısa?don't you keep descending? | oltöbenleb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep descending? | biztöbenleb turmaybızmı? töbenleb turmaymıbız?don't we keep descending? | siztöbenleb turmaymısız?don't you all keep descending? | alatöbenleb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep descending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöbenley turamaI am in the middle of descending | sentöbenley turasayou are in the middle of descending | oltöbenley turadıhe is in the middle of descending | biztöbenley turabızwe are in the middle of descending | siztöbenley turasızyou all are in the middle of descending | alatöbenley turadılathey are in the middle of descending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöbenley turmaymaI am not in the middle of descending | sentöbenley turmaysayou are not in the middle of descending | oltöbenley turmaydıhe is not in the middle of descending | biztöbenley turmaybızwe are not in the middle of descending | siztöbenley turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of descending | alatöbenley turmaydılathey are not in the middle of descending |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöbenley turamamı? töbenley turamıma?am I in the middle of descending? | sentöbenley turamısa?are you in the middle of descending? | oltöbenley turamıdı?is he in the middle of descending? | biztöbenley turabızmı? töbenley turamıbız?are we in the middle of descending? | siztöbenley turamısız?are you all in the middle of descending? | alatöbenley turamıdıla?are they in the middle of descending? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentöbenley turmaymamı? töbenley turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of descending? | sentöbenley turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of descending? | oltöbenley turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of descending? | biztöbenley turmaybızmı? töbenley turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of descending? | siztöbenley turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of descending? | alatöbenley turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of descending? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöbenledimI descended | sentöbenlediŋyou descended | oltöbenledihe descended | biztöbenledikwe descended | siztöbenledigizyou all descended | alatöbenledilethey descended |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöbenlemedimI didn't descend | sentöbenlemediŋyou didn't descend | oltöbenlemedihe didn't descend | biztöbenlemedikwe didn't descend | siztöbenlemedigizyou all didn't descend | alatöbenlemedilethey didn't descend |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöbenledimmi?did I descend? | sentöbenlediŋmi?did you descend? | oltöbenledimi?did he descend? | biztöbenledikmi?did we descend? | siztöbenledigizmi?did you all descend? | alatöbenledilemi?did they descend? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentöbenlemedimmi?didn't I descend? | sentöbenlemediŋmi?didn't you descend? | oltöbenlemedimi?didn't he descend? | biztöbenlemedikmi?didn't we descend? | siztöbenlemedigizmi?didn't you all descend? | alatöbenlemedilemi?didn't they descend? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöbenlegenmeI have descended | sentöbenlegenseyou have descended | oltöbenlegendihe has descended | biztöbenlegenbizwe have descended | siztöbenlegensizyou all have descended | alatöbenlegendilethey have descended |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöbenlemegenmeI haven't descended | sentöbenlemegenseyou haven't descended | oltöbenlemegendihe hasn't descended | biztöbenlemegenbizwe haven't descended | siztöbenlemegensizyou all haven't descended | alatöbenlemegendilethey haven't descended |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöbenlegenmemi? töbenlegenmime?have I descended? | sentöbenlegenmise?have you descended? | oltöbenlegenmidi?has he descended? | biztöbenlegenbizmi? töbenlegenmibiz?have we descended? | siztöbenlegenmisiz?have you all descended? | alatöbenlegenmidile?have they descended? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentöbenlemegenmemi? töbenlemegenmime?haven't I descended? | sentöbenlemegenmise?haven't you descended? | oltöbenlemegenmidi?hasn't he descended? | biztöbenlemegenbizmi? töbenlemegenmibiz?haven't we descended? | siztöbenlemegenmisiz?haven't you all descended? | alatöbenlemegenmidile?haven't they descended? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentöbenleb turdumI kept descending | sentöbenleb turduŋyou kept descending | oltöbenleb turduhe kept descending | biztöbenleb turduqwe kept descending | siztöbenleb turduğuzyou all kept descending | alatöbenleb turdulathey kept descending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentöbenleb turmadımI didn't keep descending | sentöbenleb turmadıŋyou didn't keep descending | oltöbenleb turmadıhe didn't keep descending | biztöbenleb turmadıqwe didn't keep descending | siztöbenleb turmadığızyou all didn't keep descending | alatöbenleb turmadılathey didn't keep descending |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöbenlermeI will descend | sentöbenlerseyou will descend | oltöbenlerhe will descend | biztöbenlerbizwe will descend | siztöbenlersizyou all will descend | alatöbenlerlethey will descend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöbenlemezmeI won't descend | sentöbenlemezseyou won't descend | oltöbenlemezhe won't descend | biztöbenlemezbizwe won't descend | siztöbenlemezsizyou all won't descend | alatöbenlemezlethey won't descend |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöbenlermemi? töbenlermime?will I descend? | sentöbenlermise?will you descend? | oltöbenlermi?will he descend? | biztöbenlerbizmi? töbenlermibiz?will we descend? | siztöbenlermisiz?will you all descend? | alatöbenlerlemi? töbenlermile?will they descend? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentöbenlemezmemi? töbenlemezmime?won't I descend? | sentöbenlemezmise?won't you descend? | oltöbenlemezmi?won't he descend? | biztöbenlemezbizmi? töbenlemezmibiz?won't we descend? | siztöbenlemezmisiz?won't you all descend? | alatöbenlemezlemi? töbenlemezmile?won't they descend? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöbenlerikmeI am going to descend | sentöbenlerikseyou are going to descend | oltöbenlerikdihe is going to descend | biztöbenlerikbizwe are going to descend | siztöbenleriksizyou all are going to descend | alatöbenlerikdilethey are going to descend |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöbenlerik tülmeI am not going to descend | sentöbenlerik tülseyou are not going to descend | oltöbenlerik tüldühe is not going to descend | biztöbenlerik tülbüzwe are not going to descend | siztöbenlerik tülsüzyou all are not going to descend | alatöbenlerik tüldülethey are not going to descend |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöbenlerikmemi? töbenlerikmime?am I going to descend? | sentöbenlerikmise?are you going to descend? | oltöbenlerikmidi?is he going to descend? | biztöbenlerikbizmi? töbenlerikmibiz?are we going to descend? | siztöbenlerikmisiz?are you all going to descend? | alatöbenlerikmidile?are they going to descend? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentöbenlerik tülmüme?aren't I going to descend? | sentöbenlerik tülmüse?aren't you going to descend? | oltöbenlerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to descend? | biztöbenlerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to descend? | siztöbenlerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to descend? | alatöbenlerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to descend? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentöbenlegen edimtöbenlegenemI had descended | sentöbenlegen ediŋtöbenlegeneŋyou had descended | oltöbenlegen editöbenlegenedhe had descended | biztöbenlegen ediktöbenlegenekwe had descended | siztöbenlegen edigiztöbenlegenegizyou all had descended | alatöbenlegen ediletöbenlegenellethey had descended |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentöbenlemegen edimtöbenlemegenemI hadn't descended | sentöbenlemegen ediŋtöbenlemegeneŋyou hadn't descended | oltöbenlemegen editöbenlemegenedhe hadn't descended | biztöbenlemegen ediktöbenlemegenekwe hadn't descended | siztöbenlemegen edigiztöbenlemegenegizyou all hadn't descended | alatöbenlemegen ediletöbenlemegenellethey hadn't descended |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentöbenley edimtöbenleyemI was descending | sentöbenley ediŋtöbenleyeŋyou were descending | oltöbenley editöbenleyedhe was descending | biztöbenley ediktöbenleyekwe were descending | siztöbenley edigiztöbenleyegizyou all were descending | alatöbenley ediletöbenleyellethey were descending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentöbenlemey edimtöbenlemeyemI wasn't descending | sentöbenlemey ediŋtöbenlemeyeŋyou weren't descending | oltöbenlemey editöbenlemeyedhe wasn't descending | biztöbenlemey ediktöbenlemeyekwe weren't descending | siztöbenlemey edigiztöbenlemeyegizyou all weren't descending | alatöbenlemey ediletöbenlemeyellethey weren't descending |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentöbenlewçen edimtöbenlewçenemI used to descend | sentöbenlewçen ediŋtöbenlewçeneŋyou used to descend | oltöbenlewçen editöbenlewçenedhe used to descend | biztöbenlewçen ediktöbenlewçenekwe used to descend | siztöbenlewçen edigiztöbenlewçenegizyou all used to descend | alatöbenlewçen ediletöbenlewçenellethey used to descend |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentöbenlemewçen edimtöbenlemewçenemI didn't use to descend | sentöbenlemewçen ediŋtöbenlemewçeneŋyou didn't use to descend | oltöbenlemewçen editöbenlemewçenedhe didn't use to descend | biztöbenlemewçen ediktöbenlemewçenekwe didn't use to descend | siztöbenlemewçen edigiztöbenlemewçenegizyou all didn't use to descend | alatöbenlemewçen ediletöbenlemewçenellethey didn't use to descend |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltöbenleb edihe had descended and remained so | alatöbenleb edilethey had descended and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltöbenleb tül edihe hadn't descended | alatöbenleb tül edilethey hadn't descended | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentöbenleb tura edimtöbenleb turaemI had kept descending | sentöbenleb tura ediŋtöbenleb turaeŋyou had kept descending | oltöbenleb tura editöbenleb turaedhe had kept descending | biztöbenleb tura ediktöbenleb turaekwe had kept descending | siztöbenleb tura edigiztöbenleb turaegizyou all had kept descending | alatöbenleb tura ediletöbenleb turaellethey had kept descending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentöbenleb turmay edimtöbenleb turmayemI hadn't kept descending | sentöbenleb turmay ediŋtöbenleb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept descending | oltöbenleb turmay editöbenleb turmayedhe hadn't kept descending | biztöbenleb turmay ediktöbenleb turmayekwe hadn't kept descending | siztöbenleb turmay edigiztöbenleb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept descending | alatöbenleb turmay ediletöbenleb turmayellethey hadn't kept descending |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöbenley tura edimtöbenley turaemI was in the middle of descending | sentöbenley tura ediŋtöbenley turaeŋyou were in the middle of descending | oltöbenley tura editöbenley turaedhe was in the middle of descending | biztöbenley tura ediktöbenley turaekwe were in the middle of descending | siztöbenley tura edigiztöbenley turaegizyou all were in the middle of descending | alatöbenley tura ediletöbenley turaellethey were in the middle of descending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentöbenley turmay edimtöbenley turmayemI wasn't in the middle of descending | sentöbenley turmay ediŋtöbenley turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of descending | oltöbenley turmay editöbenley turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of descending | biztöbenley turmay ediktöbenley turmayekwe weren't in the middle of descending | siztöbenley turmay edigiztöbenley turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of descending | alatöbenley turmay ediletöbenley turmayellethey weren't in the middle of descending |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentöbenler edimtöbenler emI would descend | sentöbenler ediŋtöbenler eŋyou would descend | oltöbenler editöbenler edhe would descend | biztöbenler ediktöbenler ekwe would descend | siztöbenler edigiztöbenler egizyou all would descend | alatöbenler ediletöbenler ellethey would descend |
| Conditional result (would) | mentöbenlemez edimtöbenlemez emI wouldn't descend | sentöbenlemez ediŋtöbenlemez eŋyou wouldn't descend | oltöbenlemez editöbenlemez edhe wouldn't descend | biztöbenlemez ediktöbenlemez ekwe wouldn't descend | siztöbenlemez edigiztöbenlemez egizyou all wouldn't descend | alatöbenlemez ediletöbenlemez ellethey wouldn't descend |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentöbenlerik edimtöbenlerik emI would have descended | sentöbenlerik ediŋtöbenlerik eŋyou would have descended | oltöbenlerik editöbenlerik edhe would have descended | biztöbenlerik ediktöbenlerik ekwe would have descended | siztöbenlerik edigiztöbenlerik egizyou all would have descended | alatöbenlerik ediletöbenlerik ellethey would have descended |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentöbenlerik tül edimtöbenlerik tül emI wouldn't have descended | sentöbenlerik tül ediŋtöbenlerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have descended | oltöbenlerik tül editöbenlerik tül edhe wouldn't have descended | biztöbenlerik tül ediktöbenlerik tül ekwe wouldn't have descended | siztöbenlerik tül edigiztöbenlerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have descended | alatöbenlerik tül ediletöbenlerik tül ellethey wouldn't have descended |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentöbenlesemif I descend | sentöbenleseŋif you descend | oltöbenleseif he descends | biztöbenlesekif we descend | siztöbenlesegizif you all descend | alatöbenleseleif they descend |
| Conditional | mentöbenlemesemif I don't descend | sentöbenlemeseŋif you don't descend | oltöbenlemeseif he doesn't descend | biztöbenlemesekif we don't descend | siztöbenlemesegizif you all don't descend | alatöbenlemeseleif they don't descend |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentöbenley esemif I am descending | sentöbenley eseŋif you are descending | oltöbenley eseif he is descending | biztöbenley esekif we are descending | siztöbenley esegizif you all are descending | alatöbenley eseleif they are descending |
| Conditional, present real | mentöbenlemey esemif I am not descending | sentöbenlemey eseŋif you are not descending | oltöbenlemey eseif he is not descending | biztöbenlemey esekif we are not descending | siztöbenlemey esegizif you all are not descending | alatöbenlemey eseleif they are not descending |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentöbenlesem editöbenlesem edif only I descended | sentöbenleseŋ editöbenleseŋ edif only you descended | oltöbenlese editöbenlesedif only he descended | biztöbenlesek editöbenlesek edif only we descended | siztöbenlesegiz editöbenlesegiz edif only you all descended | alatöbenlesele editöbenleseledif only they descended |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentöbenlemesem editöbenlemesem edif only I didn't descend | sentöbenlemeseŋ editöbenlemeseŋ edif only you didn't descend | oltöbenlemese editöbenlemesedif only he didn't descend | biztöbenlemesek editöbenlemesek edif only we didn't descend | siztöbenlemesegiz editöbenlemesegiz edif only you all didn't descend | alatöbenlemesele editöbenlemeseledif only they didn't descend |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentöbenleb tursamif I carry on descending | sentöbenleb tursaŋif you carry on descending | oltöbenleb tursaif he carries on descending | biztöbenleb tursaqif we carry on descending | siztöbenleb tursağızif you all carry on descending | alatöbenleb tursalaif they carry on descending |
| Durative conditional | mentöbenleb turmasamif I don't carry on descending | sentöbenleb turmasaŋif you don't carry on descending | oltöbenleb turmasaif he doesn't carry on descending | biztöbenleb turmasaqif we don't carry on descending | siztöbenleb turmasağızif you all don't carry on descending | alatöbenleb turmasalaif they don't carry on descending |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentöbenleb tura esemif I have kept descending | sentöbenleb tura eseŋif you have kept descending | oltöbenleb tura eseif he has kept descending | biztöbenleb tura esekif we have kept descending | siztöbenleb tura esegizif you all have kept descending | alatöbenleb tura eseleif they have kept descending |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentöbenleb turmay esemif I haven't kept descending | sentöbenleb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept descending | oltöbenleb turmay eseif he hasn't kept descending | biztöbenleb turmay esekif we haven't kept descending | siztöbenleb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept descending | alatöbenleb turmay eseleif they haven't kept descending |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentöbenley tursamif I keep descending | sentöbenley tursaŋif you keep descending | oltöbenley tursaif he keeps descending | biztöbenley tursaqif we keep descending | siztöbenley tursağızif you all keep descending | alatöbenley tursalaif they keep descending |
| Progressive conditional | mentöbenlemey tursamif I keep on not descending | sentöbenlemey tursaŋif you keep on not descending | oltöbenlemey tursaif he keeps on not descending | biztöbenlemey tursaqif we keep on not descending | siztöbenlemey tursağızif you all keep on not descending | alatöbenlemey tursalaif they keep on not descending |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentöbenley tura esemif I am in the middle of descending | sentöbenley tura eseŋif you are in the middle of descending | oltöbenley tura eseif he is in the middle of descending | biztöbenley tura esekif we are in the middle of descending | siztöbenley tura esegizif you all are in the middle of descending | alatöbenley tura eseleif they are in the middle of descending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentöbenlemey tura esemif I keep on not descending | sentöbenlemey tura eseŋif you keep on not descending | oltöbenlemey tura eseif he keeps on not descending | biztöbenlemey tura esekif we keep on not descending | siztöbenlemey tura esegizif you all keep on not descending | alatöbenlemey tura eseleif they keep on not descending |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentöbenledim esemif I descended | sentöbenlediŋ eseŋif you descended | oltöbenledi eseif he descended | biztöbenledik esekif we descended | siztöbenledigiz esegizif you all descended | alatöbenledile eseleif they descended |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentöbenlemedim esemif I didn't descend | sentöbenlemediŋ eseŋif you didn't descend | oltöbenlemedi eseif he didn't descend | biztöbenlemedik esekif we didn't descend | siztöbenlemedigiz esegizif you all didn't descend | alatöbenlemedile eseleif they didn't descend |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentöbenlegen esemif I did descend (indeed) | sentöbenlegen eseŋif you did descend (indeed) | oltöbenlegen eseif he did descend (indeed) | biztöbenlegen esekif we did descend (indeed) | siztöbenlegen esegizif you all did descend (indeed) | alatöbenlegen eseleif they did descend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentöbenlemegen esemif I didn't descend (indeed) | sentöbenlemegen eseŋif you didn't descend (indeed) | oltöbenlemegen eseif he didn't descend (indeed) | biztöbenlemegen esekif we didn't descend (indeed) | siztöbenlemegen esegizif you all didn't descend (indeed) | alatöbenlemegen eseleif they didn't descend (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentöbenlegen bolsamif I had descended | sentöbenlegen bolsaŋif you had descended | oltöbenlegen bolsaif he had descended | biztöbenlegen bolsaqif we had descended | siztöbenlegen bolsağızif you all had descended | alatöbenlegen bolsalaif they had descended |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentöbenlemegen bolsamif I hadn't descended | sentöbenlemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't descended | oltöbenlemegen bolsaif he hadn't descended | biztöbenlemegen bolsaqif we hadn't descended | siztöbenlemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't descended | alatöbenlemegen bolsalaif they hadn't descended |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentöbenlegen bolsam editöbenlegen bolsam edif only I had descended | sentöbenlegen bolsaŋ editöbenlegen bolsaŋ edif only you had descended | oltöbenlegen bolsa editöbenlegen bolsaedif only he had descended | biztöbenlegen bolsaq editöbenlegen bolsaq edif only we had descended | siztöbenlegen bolsağız editöbenlegen bolsağız edif only you all had descended | alatöbenlegen bolsala editöbenlegen bolsalaedif only they had descended |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentöbenlemegen bolsam editöbenlemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't descended | sentöbenlemegen bolsaŋ editöbenlemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't descended | oltöbenlemegen bolsa editöbenlemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't descended | biztöbenlemegen bolsaq editöbenlemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't descended | siztöbenlemegen bolsağız editöbenlemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't descended | alatöbenlemegen bolsala editöbenlemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't descended |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentöbenler esemif I will descend | sentöbenler eseŋif you will descend | oltöbenler eseif he will descend | biztöbenler esekif we will descend | siztöbenler esegizif you all will descend | alatöbenler eseleif they will descend |
| Conditional, aorist | mentöbenlemez esemif I won't descend | sentöbenlemez eseŋif you won't descend | oltöbenlemez eseif he won't descend | biztöbenlemez esekif we won't descend | siztöbenlemez esegizif you all won't descend | alatöbenlemez eseleif they won't descend |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentöbenlerik esemif I am going to descend | sentöbenlerik eseŋif you are going to descend | oltöbenlerik eseif he is going to descend | biztöbenlerik esekif we are going to descend | siztöbenlerik esegizif you all are going to descend | alatöbenlerik eseleif they are going to descend |
| Conditional, future | mentöbenlerik tül esemif I am not going to descend | sentöbenlerik tül eseŋif you are not going to descend | oltöbenlerik tül eseif he is not going to descend | biztöbenlerik tül esekif we are not going to descend | siztöbenlerik tül esegizif you all are not going to descend | alatöbenlerik tül eseleif they are not going to descend |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentöbenlerik bolsamif I were going to descend | sentöbenlerik bolsaŋif you were going to descend | oltöbenlerik bolsaif he were going to descend | biztöbenlerik bolsaqif we were going to descend | siztöbenlerik bolsağızif you all were going to descend | alatöbenlerik bolsalaif they were going to descend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentöbenlemezlik bolsamif I were not going to descend | sentöbenlemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to descend | oltöbenlemezlik bolsaif he were not going to descend | biztöbenlemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to descend | siztöbenlemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to descend | alatöbenlemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to descend |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso töbenlediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentöbenley bolurmaI must be descending | sentöbenley bolursayou must be descending | oltöbenley bolurhe must be descending | biztöbenley bolurbuzwe must be descending | siztöbenley bolursuzyou all must be descending | alatöbenley bolurlathey must be descending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentöbenlemey bolurmaI must not be descending | sentöbenlemey bolursayou must not be descending | oltöbenlemey bolurhe must not be descending | biztöbenlemey bolurbuzwe must not be descending | siztöbenlemey bolursuzyou all must not be descending | alatöbenlemey bolurlathey must not be descending |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentöbenley tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of descending | sentöbenley tura bolursayou must be in the middle of descending | oltöbenley tura bolurhe must be in the middle of descending | biztöbenley tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of descending | siztöbenley tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of descending | alatöbenley tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of descending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentöbenlemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not descending | sentöbenlemey tura bolursayou must keep on not descending | oltöbenlemey tura bolurhe must keep on not descending | biztöbenlemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not descending | siztöbenlemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not descending | alatöbenlemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not descending |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentöbenlegen bolurmaI must have descended | sentöbenlegen bolursayou must have descended | oltöbenlegen bolurhe must have descended | biztöbenlegen bolurbuzwe must have descended | siztöbenlegen bolursuzyou all must have descended | alatöbenlegen bolurlathey must have descended |
| Inference (must have) | mentöbenlemegen bolurmaI must not have descended | sentöbenlemegen bolursayou must not have descended | oltöbenlemegen bolurhe must not have descended | biztöbenlemegen bolurbuzwe must not have descended | siztöbenlemegen bolursuzyou all must not have descended | alatöbenlemegen bolurlathey must not have descended |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentöbenlerik bolurmaI must be going to descend | sentöbenlerik bolursayou must be going to descend | oltöbenlerik bolurhe must be going to descend | biztöbenlerik bolurbuzwe must be going to descend | siztöbenlerik bolursuzyou all must be going to descend | alatöbenlerik bolurlathey must be going to descend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentöbenlemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to descend | sentöbenlemezlik bolursayou must not be going to descend | oltöbenlemezlik bolurhe must not be going to descend | biztöbenlemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to descend | siztöbenlemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to descend | alatöbenlemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to descend |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentöbenleyimlet me descend | sentöbenle!descend! | oltöbenlesinlet him descend | biztöbenleyiklet's descend | siztöbenlegiz!descend, you all! | alatöbenlesinlelet them descend |
| Commands & suggestions | mentöbenlemeyimlet me not descend | sentöbenleme!don't descend! | oltöbenlemesinlet him not descend | biztöbenlemeyiklet's not descend | siztöbenlemegiz!don't descend, you all! | alatöbenlemesinlelet them not descend |
| Commands & suggestions | mentöbenleyimmi?shall I descend? | oltöbenlesinmi?should he descend? | biztöbenleyikmi?shall we descend? | alatöbenlesinlemi?should they descend? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentöbenlemeyimmi?shall I not descend? | oltöbenlemesinmi?should he not descend? | biztöbenlemeyikmi?shall we not descend? | alatöbenlemesinlemi?should they not descend? | ||
| Requests | sentöbenleçi2töbenleçinplease descend | oltöbenlesinçido let him descend | siztöbenleçigizplease descend (plural/polite) | alatöbenlesinleçido let them descend | ||
| Requests | sentöbenlemeçi2töbenlemeçinplease don't descend | oltöbenlemesinçido let him not descend | siztöbenlemeçigizplease don't descend (plural/polite) | alatöbenlemesinleçido let them not descend | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentöbenlegintöbenlegimay you descend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentöbenlemegintöbenlemegimay you not descend | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentöbenlegey edim töbenlege edimwould that I descended | sentöbenlegey ediŋ töbenlege ediŋwould that you descended | oltöbenlegey edi töbenlege ediwould that he descended | biztöbenlegey edik töbenlege edikwould that we descended | siztöbenlegey edigiz töbenlege edigizwould that you all descended | alatöbenlegey edile töbenlege edilewould that they descended |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentöbenlemegey edim töbenlemege edimwould that I did not descend | sentöbenlemegey ediŋ töbenlemege ediŋwould that you did not descend | oltöbenlemegey edi töbenlemege ediwould that he did not descend | biztöbenlemegey edik töbenlemege edikwould that we did not descend | siztöbenlemegey edigiz töbenlemege edigizwould that you all did not descend | alatöbenlemegey edile töbenlemege edilewould that they did not descend |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöbenlemege qoyayımtöbenleme qoyayımlet me allow someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoy!töbenleme qoy!let someone descend! | oltöbenlemege qoysuntöbenleme qoysunlet him allow someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoyayıqtöbenleme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoyuğuz!töbenleme qoyuğuz!let someone descend, you all! | alatöbenlemege qoysunlatöbenleme qoysunlalet them allow someone to descend |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöbenlemege qoymayımtöbenleme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoyma!töbenleme qoyma!don't let someone descend! | oltöbenlemege qoymasıntöbenleme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoymayıqtöbenleme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoymağız!töbenleme qoymağız!don't let someone descend, you all! | alatöbenlemege qoymasınlatöbenleme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to descend |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöbenlemege qoyayımmı?töbenleme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoysunmu?töbenleme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoyayıqmı?töbenleme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoysunlamı?töbenleme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to descend? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentöbenlemege qoymayımmı?töbenleme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoymasınmı?töbenleme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoymayıqmı?töbenleme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoymasınlamı?töbenleme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to descend? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentöbenlemege qoyamatöbenleme qoyamaI allow someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoyasatöbenleme qoyasayou allow someone to descend | oltöbenlemege qoyadıtöbenleme qoyadıhe allows someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoyabıztöbenleme qoyabızwe allow someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoyasıztöbenleme qoyasızyou all allow someone to descend | alatöbenlemege qoyadılatöbenleme qoyadılathey allow someone to descend |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöbenlemege qoymaymatöbenleme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoymaysatöbenleme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to descend | oltöbenlemege qoymaydıtöbenleme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoymaybıztöbenleme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoymaysıztöbenleme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to descend | alatöbenlemege qoymaydılatöbenleme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to descend |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöbenlemege qoyamamı?töbenleme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to descend? | sentöbenlemege qoyamısa?töbenleme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoyamıdı?töbenleme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoyabızmı?töbenleme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to descend? | siztöbenlemege qoyamısız?töbenleme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoyamıdıla?töbenleme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to descend? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentöbenlemege qoymaymamı?töbenleme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to descend? | sentöbenlemege qoymaymısa?töbenleme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoymaymıdı?töbenleme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoymaybızmı?töbenleme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to descend? | siztöbenlemege qoymaymısız?töbenleme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoymaymıdıla?töbenleme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to descend? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöbenlemege qoydumtöbenleme qoydumI allowed someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoyduŋtöbenleme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to descend | oltöbenlemege qoydutöbenleme qoyduhe allowed someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoyduqtöbenleme qoyduqwe allowed someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoyduğuztöbenleme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to descend | alatöbenlemege qoydulatöbenleme qoydulathey allowed someone to descend |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöbenlemege qoymadımtöbenleme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to descend | sentöbenlemege qoymadıŋtöbenleme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to descend | oltöbenlemege qoymadıtöbenleme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to descend | biztöbenlemege qoymadıqtöbenleme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to descend | siztöbenlemege qoymadığıztöbenleme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to descend | alatöbenlemege qoymadılatöbenleme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to descend |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöbenlemege qoydummu?töbenleme qoydummu?did I allow someone to descend? | sentöbenlemege qoyduŋmu?töbenleme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoydumu?töbenleme qoydumu?did he allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoyduqmu?töbenleme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to descend? | siztöbenlemege qoyduğuzmu?töbenleme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoydulamı?töbenleme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to descend? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentöbenlemege qoymadımmı?töbenleme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to descend? | sentöbenlemege qoymadıŋmı?töbenleme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to descend? | oltöbenlemege qoymadımı?töbenleme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to descend? | biztöbenlemege qoymadıqmı?töbenleme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to descend? | siztöbenlemege qoymadığızmı?töbenleme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to descend? | alatöbenlemege qoymadılamı?töbenleme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to descend? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
töbenleyalırğa be able to descend · töbenleyalmazğa be unable to descend
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentöbenleyalamaI can descend | sentöbenleyalasayou can descend | oltöbenleyaladıhe can descend | biztöbenleyalabızwe can descend | siztöbenleyalasızyou all can descend | alatöbenleyaladılathey can descend |
| Ability — present | mentöbenleyalmaymaI can't descend | sentöbenleyalmaysayou can't descend | oltöbenleyalmaydıhe can't descend | biztöbenleyalmaybızwe can't descend | siztöbenleyalmaysızyou all can't descend | alatöbenleyalmaydılathey can't descend |
| Ability — present | mentöbenleyalamamı? töbenleyalamıma?can I descend? | sentöbenleyalamısa?can you descend? | oltöbenleyalamıdı?can he descend? | biztöbenleyalabızmı? töbenleyalamıbız?can we descend? | siztöbenleyalamısız?can you all descend? | alatöbenleyalamıdıla?can they descend? |
| Ability — present | mentöbenleyalmaymamı? töbenleyalmaymıma?can't I descend? | sentöbenleyalmaymısa?can't you descend? | oltöbenleyalmaymıdı?can't he descend? | biztöbenleyalmaybızmı? töbenleyalmaymıbız?can't we descend? | siztöbenleyalmaymısız?can't you all descend? | alatöbenleyalmaymıdıla?can't they descend? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentöbenleyalsamif I can descend | sentöbenleyalsaŋif you can descend | oltöbenleyalsaif he can descend | biztöbenleyalsaqif we can descend | siztöbenleyalsağızif you all can descend | alatöbenleyalsalaif they can descend |
| Ability — if I can… | mentöbenleyalmasamif I can't descend | sentöbenleyalmasaŋif you can't descend | oltöbenleyalmasaif he can't descend | biztöbenleyalmasaqif we can't descend | siztöbenleyalmasağızif you all can't descend | alatöbenleyalmasalaif they can't descend |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentöbenleyaldımI was able to descend | sentöbenleyaldıŋyou were able to descend | oltöbenleyaldıhe was able to descend | biztöbenleyaldıqwe were able to descend | siztöbenleyaldığızyou all were able to descend | alatöbenleyaldılathey were able to descend |
| Ability — simple past | mentöbenleyalmadımI could not descend | sentöbenleyalmadıŋyou could not descend | oltöbenleyalmadıhe could not descend | biztöbenleyalmadıqwe could not descend | siztöbenleyalmadığızyou all could not descend | alatöbenleyalmadılathey could not descend |
| Ability — simple past | mentöbenleyaldımmı?was I able to descend? | sentöbenleyaldıŋmı?were you able to descend? | oltöbenleyaldımı?was he able to descend? | biztöbenleyaldıqmı?were we able to descend? | siztöbenleyaldığızmı?were you all able to descend? | alatöbenleyaldılamı?were they able to descend? |
| Ability — simple past | mentöbenleyalmadımmı?couldn't I descend? | sentöbenleyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you descend? | oltöbenleyalmadımı?couldn't he descend? | biztöbenleyalmadıqmı?couldn't we descend? | siztöbenleyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all descend? | alatöbenleyalmadılamı?couldn't they descend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöbenleyalğanmaI have been able to descend | sentöbenleyalğansayou have been able to descend | oltöbenleyalğandıhe has been able to descend | biztöbenleyalğanbızwe have been able to descend | siztöbenleyalğansızyou all have been able to descend | alatöbenleyalğandılathey have been able to descend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöbenleyalmağanmaI haven't been able to descend | sentöbenleyalmağansayou haven't been able to descend | oltöbenleyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to descend | biztöbenleyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to descend | siztöbenleyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to descend | alatöbenleyalmağandılathey haven't been able to descend |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöbenleyalğanmamı? töbenleyalğanmıma?have I been able to descend? | sentöbenleyalğanmısa?have you been able to descend? | oltöbenleyalğanmıdı?has he been able to descend? | biztöbenleyalğanbızmı? töbenleyalğanmıbız?have we been able to descend? | siztöbenleyalğanmısız?have you all been able to descend? | alatöbenleyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to descend? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentöbenleyalmağanmamı? töbenleyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to descend? | sentöbenleyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to descend? | oltöbenleyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to descend? | biztöbenleyalmağanbızmı? töbenleyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to descend? | siztöbenleyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to descend? | alatöbenleyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to descend? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentöbenleyalğan edimtöbenleyalğanemI had been able to descend | sentöbenleyalğan ediŋtöbenleyalğaneŋyou had been able to descend | oltöbenleyalğan editöbenleyalğanedhe had been able to descend | biztöbenleyalğan ediktöbenleyalğanekwe had been able to descend | siztöbenleyalğan edigiztöbenleyalğanegizyou all had been able to descend | alatöbenleyalğan ediletöbenleyalğanellethey had been able to descend |
| Ability — past perfect | mentöbenleyalmağan edimtöbenleyalmağanemI hadn't been able to descend | sentöbenleyalmağan ediŋtöbenleyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to descend | oltöbenleyalmağan editöbenleyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to descend | biztöbenleyalmağan ediktöbenleyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to descend | siztöbenleyalmağan edigiztöbenleyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to descend | alatöbenleyalmağan ediletöbenleyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to descend |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentöbenleyala edimtöbenleyalaemI could descend | sentöbenleyala ediŋtöbenleyalaeŋyou could descend | oltöbenleyala editöbenleyalaedhe could descend | biztöbenleyala ediktöbenleyalaekwe could descend | siztöbenleyala edigiztöbenleyalaegizyou all could descend | alatöbenleyala ediletöbenleyalaellethey could descend |
| Ability — past background | mentöbenleyalmay edimtöbenleyalmayemI could not descend | sentöbenleyalmay ediŋtöbenleyalmayeŋyou could not descend | oltöbenleyalmay editöbenleyalmayedhe could not descend | biztöbenleyalmay ediktöbenleyalmayekwe could not descend | siztöbenleyalmay edigiztöbenleyalmayegizyou all could not descend | alatöbenleyalmay ediletöbenleyalmayellethey could not descend |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentöbenleyalırmaI will be able to descend | sentöbenleyalırsayou will be able to descend | oltöbenleyalırhe will be able to descend | biztöbenleyalırbızwe will be able to descend | siztöbenleyalırsızyou all will be able to descend | alatöbenleyalırlathey will be able to descend |
| Ability — future I | mentöbenleyalmazmaI won't be able to descend | sentöbenleyalmazsayou won't be able to descend | oltöbenleyalmazhe won't be able to descend | biztöbenleyalmazbızwe won't be able to descend | siztöbenleyalmazsızyou all won't be able to descend | alatöbenleyalmazlathey won't be able to descend |
| Ability — future I | mentöbenleyalırmamı? töbenleyalırmıma?will I be able to descend? | sentöbenleyalırmısa?will you be able to descend? | oltöbenleyalırmı?will he be able to descend? | biztöbenleyalırbızmı? töbenleyalırmıbız?will we be able to descend? | siztöbenleyalırmısız?will you all be able to descend? | alatöbenleyalırlamı? töbenleyalırmıla?will they be able to descend? |
| Ability — future I | mentöbenleyalmazmamı? töbenleyalmazmıma?won't I be able to descend? | sentöbenleyalmazmısa?won't you be able to descend? | oltöbenleyalmazmı?won't he be able to descend? | biztöbenleyalmazbızmı? töbenleyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to descend? | siztöbenleyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to descend? | alatöbenleyalmazlamı? töbenleyalmazmıla?won't they be able to descend? |
| Ability — future II | mentöbenleyallıqmaI am going to be able to descend | sentöbenleyallıqsayou are going to be able to descend | oltöbenleyallıqdıhe is going to be able to descend | biztöbenleyallıqbızwe are going to be able to descend | siztöbenleyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to descend | alatöbenleyallıqdılathey are going to be able to descend |
| Ability — future II | mentöbenleyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to descend | sentöbenleyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to descend | oltöbenleyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to descend | biztöbenleyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to descend | siztöbenleyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to descend | alatöbenleyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to descend |
| Ability — future II | mentöbenleyallıqmamı? töbenleyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to descend? | sentöbenleyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to descend? | oltöbenleyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to descend? | biztöbenleyallıqbızmı? töbenleyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to descend? | siztöbenleyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to descend? | alatöbenleyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to descend? |
| Ability — future II | mentöbenleyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to descend? | sentöbenleyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to descend? | oltöbenleyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to descend? | biztöbenleyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to descend? | siztöbenleyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to descend? | alatöbenleyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to descend? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentöbenleyalır edimtöbenleyalır emI would be able to descend | sentöbenleyalır ediŋtöbenleyalır eŋyou would be able to descend | oltöbenleyalır editöbenleyalır edhe would be able to descend | biztöbenleyalır ediktöbenleyalır ekwe would be able to descend | siztöbenleyalır edigiztöbenleyalır egizyou all would be able to descend | alatöbenleyalır ediletöbenleyalır ellethey would be able to descend |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentöbenleyalmaz edimtöbenleyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to descend | sentöbenleyalmaz ediŋtöbenleyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to descend | oltöbenleyalmaz editöbenleyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to descend | biztöbenleyalmaz ediktöbenleyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to descend | siztöbenleyalmaz edigiztöbenleyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to descend | alatöbenleyalmaz ediletöbenleyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to descend |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentöbenleyalğıntöbenleyalğımay you be able to descend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentöbenleyalmağıntöbenleyalmağımay you not be able to descend | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentöbenlerge izleymeI want to descend | sentöbenlerge izleyseyou want to descend | oltöbenlerge izleydihe wants to descend | biztöbenlerge izleybizwe want to descend | siztöbenlerge izleysizyou all want to descend | alatöbenlerge izleydilethey want to descend |
| want to | mentöbenlerge izlemeymeI do not want to descend | sentöbenlerge izlemeyseyou do not want to descend | oltöbenlerge izlemeydihe does not want to descend | biztöbenlerge izlemeybizwe do not want to descend | siztöbenlerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to descend | alatöbenlerge izlemeydilethey do not want to descend |
| would like to | mentöbenlerge süemeI would like to descend | sentöbenlerge süeseyou would like to descend | oltöbenlerge süedihe would like to descend | biztöbenlerge süebizwe would like to descend | siztöbenlerge süesizyou all would like to descend | alatöbenlerge süedilethey would like to descend |
| would like to | mentöbenlerge süymeymeI would not like to descend | sentöbenlerge süymeyseyou would not like to descend | oltöbenlerge süymeydihe would not like to descend | biztöbenlerge süymeybizwe would not like to descend | siztöbenlerge süymeysizyou all would not like to descend | alatöbenlerge süymeydilethey would not like to descend |
| hope to | mentöbenlerge umutlanamaI hope to descend | sentöbenlerge umutlanasayou hope to descend | oltöbenlerge umutlanadıhe hopes to descend | biztöbenlerge umutlanabızwe hope to descend | siztöbenlerge umutlanasızyou all hope to descend | alatöbenlerge umutlanadılathey hope to descend |
| hope to | mentöbenlerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to descend | sentöbenlerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to descend | oltöbenlerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to descend | biztöbenlerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to descend | siztöbenlerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to descend | alatöbenlerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to descend |
| be about to | mentöbenlerge deb turamaI am about to descend | sentöbenlerge deb turasayou are about to descend | oltöbenlerge deb turadıhe is about to descend | biztöbenlerge deb turabızwe are about to descend | siztöbenlerge deb turasızyou all are about to descend | alatöbenlerge deb turadılathey are about to descend |
| be about to | mentöbenlerge deb turmaymaI am not about to descend | sentöbenlerge deb turmaysayou are not about to descend | oltöbenlerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to descend | biztöbenlerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to descend | siztöbenlerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to descend | alatöbenlerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to descend |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentöbenlerge kerekmeI need to descend | sentöbenlerge kerekseyou need to descend | oltöbenlerge kerekdihe needs to descend | biztöbenlerge kerekbizwe need to descend | siztöbenlerge kereksizyou all need to descend | alatöbenlerge kerekdilethey need to descend |
| need to | mentöbenlerge kerek tülmeI do not need to descend | sentöbenlerge kerek tülseyou do not need to descend | oltöbenlerge kerek tüldühe does not need to descend | biztöbenlerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to descend | siztöbenlerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to descend | alatöbenlerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to descend |
| have to | menmenŋe töbenlerge tüşediI have to descend | sensenŋe töbenlerge tüşediyou have to descend | olaŋa töbenlerge tüşedihe has to descend | bizbizge töbenlerge tüşediwe have to descend | sizsizge töbenlerge tüşediyou all have to descend | alaalağa töbenlerge tüşedithey have to descend |
| have to | menmenŋe töbenlerge tüşmeydiI do not have to descend | sensenŋe töbenlerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to descend | olaŋa töbenlerge tüşmeydihe does not have to descend | bizbizge töbenlerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to descend | sizsizge töbenlerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to descend | alaalağa töbenlerge tüşmeydithey do not have to descend |
| be obliged to | mentöbenlerge borçlumaI am obliged to descend | sentöbenlerge borçlusayou are obliged to descend | oltöbenlerge borçluduhe is obliged to descend | biztöbenlerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to descend | siztöbenlerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to descend | alatöbenlerge borçludulathey are obliged to descend |
| be obliged to | mentöbenlerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to descend | sentöbenlerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to descend | oltöbenlerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to descend | biztöbenlerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to descend | siztöbenlerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to descend | alatöbenlerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to descend |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentöbenlerge madarım bardıI have a way to descend | sentöbenlerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to descend | oltöbenlerge madarı bardıhe has a way to descend | biztöbenlerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to descend | siztöbenlerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to descend | alatöbenlerge madarları bardıthey have a way to descend |
| have a way to | mentöbenlerge madarım joqduI have no way to descend | sentöbenlerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to descend | oltöbenlerge madarı joqduhe has no way to descend | biztöbenlerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to descend | siztöbenlerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to descend | alatöbenlerge madarları joqduthey have no way to descend |
| be free to | mentöbenlerge erkinligim bardıI am free to descend | sentöbenlerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to descend | oltöbenlerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to descend | biztöbenlerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to descend | siztöbenlerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to descend | alatöbenlerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to descend |
| be free to | mentöbenlerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to descend | sentöbenlerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to descend | oltöbenlerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to descend | biztöbenlerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to descend | siztöbenlerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to descend | alatöbenlerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to descend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for me to descend | sensenŋe töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for you to descend | olaŋa töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for him to descend | bizbizge töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for us to descend | sizsizge töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to descend | alaalağa töbenlerge bolluqduit is possible for them to descend |
| be possible to | menmenŋe töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to descend | sensenŋe töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to descend | olaŋa töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to descend | bizbizge töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to descend | sizsizge töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to descend | alaalağa töbenlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to descend |
| be ready to | mentöbenlerge hazırmaI am ready to descend | sentöbenlerge hazırsayou are ready to descend | oltöbenlerge hazırdıhe is ready to descend | biztöbenlerge hazırbızwe are ready to descend | siztöbenlerge hazırsızyou all are ready to descend | alatöbenlerge hazırdılathey are ready to descend |
| be ready to | mentöbenlerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to descend | sentöbenlerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to descend | oltöbenlerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to descend | biztöbenlerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to descend | siztöbenlerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to descend | alatöbenlerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to descend |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentöbenlerge küreşemeI am trying to descend | sentöbenlerge küreşeseyou are trying to descend | oltöbenlerge küreşedihe is trying to descend | biztöbenlerge küreşebizwe are trying to descend | siztöbenlerge küreşesizyou all are trying to descend | alatöbenlerge küreşedilethey are trying to descend |
| try to | mentöbenlerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to descend | sentöbenlerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to descend | oltöbenlerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to descend | biztöbenlerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to descend | siztöbenlerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to descend | alatöbenlerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to descend |
| agree to | mentöbenlerge unaymaI agree to descend | sentöbenlerge unaysayou agree to descend | oltöbenlerge unaydıhe agrees to descend | biztöbenlerge unaybızwe agree to descend | siztöbenlerge unaysızyou all agree to descend | alatöbenlerge unaydılathey agree to descend |
| agree to | mentöbenlerge unamaymaI refuse to descend | sentöbenlerge unamaysayou refuse to descend | oltöbenlerge unamaydıhe refuses to descend | biztöbenlerge unamaybızwe refuse to descend | siztöbenlerge unamaysızyou all refuse to descend | alatöbenlerge unamaydılathey refuse to descend |
| hurry to | mentöbenlerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to descend | sentöbenlerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to descend | oltöbenlerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to descend | biztöbenlerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to descend | siztöbenlerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to descend | alatöbenlerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to descend |
| hurry to | mentöbenlerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to descend | sentöbenlerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to descend | oltöbenlerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to descend | biztöbenlerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to descend | siztöbenlerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to descend | alatöbenlerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to descend |
| be afraid to | mentöbenlerge qorqamaI am afraid to descend | sentöbenlerge qorqasayou are afraid to descend | oltöbenlerge qorqadıhe is afraid to descend | biztöbenlerge qorqabızwe are afraid to descend | siztöbenlerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to descend | alatöbenlerge qorqadılathey are afraid to descend |
| be afraid to | mentöbenlerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to descend | sentöbenlerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to descend | oltöbenlerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to descend | biztöbenlerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to descend | siztöbenlerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to descend | alatöbenlerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to descend |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentöbenley bolmazmaI can't be descending | sentöbenley bolmazsayou can't be descending | oltöbenley bolmazhe can't be descending | biztöbenley bolmazbızwe can't be descending | siztöbenley bolmazsızyou all can't be descending | alatöbenley bolmazlathey can't be descending |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentöbenlemey bolmazmaI must be descending (emphatic) | sentöbenlemey bolmazsayou must be descending (emphatic) | oltöbenlemey bolmazhe must be descending (emphatic) | biztöbenlemey bolmazbızwe must be descending (emphatic) | siztöbenlemey bolmazsızyou all must be descending (emphatic) | alatöbenlemey bolmazlathey must be descending (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentöbenley turmasamif I don't keep descending | sentöbenley turmasaŋif you don't keep descending | oltöbenley turmasaif he doesn't keep descending | biztöbenley turmasaqif we don't keep descending | siztöbenley turmasağızif you all don't keep descending | alatöbenley turmasalaif they don't keep descending |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentöbenley tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of descending | sentöbenley tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of descending | oltöbenley tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of descending | biztöbenley tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of descending | siztöbenley tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of descending | alatöbenley tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of descending |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentöbenlemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not descending (emphatic) | sentöbenlemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not descending (emphatic) | oltöbenlemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not descending (emphatic) | biztöbenlemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not descending (emphatic) | siztöbenlemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not descending (emphatic) | alatöbenlemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not descending (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentöbenlemey turamaI keep on not descending | sentöbenlemey turasayou keep on not descending | oltöbenlemey turadıhe keeps on not descending | biztöbenlemey turabızwe keep on not descending | siztöbenlemey turasızyou all keep on not descending | alatöbenlemey turadılathey keep on not descending |
| Progressive — double negation | mentöbenlemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not descending | sentöbenlemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not descending | oltöbenlemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not descending | biztöbenlemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not descending | siztöbenlemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not descending | alatöbenlemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not descending |
| Progressive — double negation | mentöbenlemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not descending? | sentöbenlemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not descending? | oltöbenlemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not descending? | biztöbenlemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not descending? | siztöbenlemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not descending? | alatöbenlemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not descending? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentöbenlegen bolmazmaI can't have descended | sentöbenlegen bolmazsayou can't have descended | oltöbenlegen bolmazhe can't have descended | biztöbenlegen bolmazbızwe can't have descended | siztöbenlegen bolmazsızyou all can't have descended | alatöbenlegen bolmazlathey can't have descended |
| Inference — double negation | mentöbenlemegen bolmazmaI must have descended (emphatic) | sentöbenlemegen bolmazsayou must have descended (emphatic) | oltöbenlemegen bolmazhe must have descended (emphatic) | biztöbenlemegen bolmazbızwe must have descended (emphatic) | siztöbenlemegen bolmazsızyou all must have descended (emphatic) | alatöbenlemegen bolmazlathey must have descended (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentöbenlegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had descended | sentöbenlegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had descended | oltöbenlegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had descended | biztöbenlegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had descended | siztöbenlegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had descended | alatöbenlegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had descended |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentöbenlemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't descended | sentöbenlemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't descended | oltöbenlemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't descended | biztöbenlemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't descended | siztöbenlemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't descended | alatöbenlemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't descended |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentöbenlerik bolmazmaI can't be going to descend | sentöbenlerik bolmazsayou can't be going to descend | oltöbenlerik bolmazhe can't be going to descend | biztöbenlerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to descend | siztöbenlerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to descend | alatöbenlerik bolmazlathey can't be going to descend |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentöbenlemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to descend (emphatic) | sentöbenlemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to descend (emphatic) | oltöbenlemezlik bolmazhe must be going to descend (emphatic) | biztöbenlemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to descend (emphatic) | siztöbenlemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to descend (emphatic) | alatöbenlemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to descend (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentöbenlerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to descend | sentöbenlerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to descend | oltöbenlerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to descend | biztöbenlerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to descend | siztöbenlerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to descend | alatöbenlerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to descend |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentöbenlemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to descend | sentöbenlemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to descend | oltöbenlemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to descend | biztöbenlemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to descend | siztöbenlemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to descend | alatöbenlemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to descend |