kemlerge
/kemlerɡe/
1. reduce, cut down, lessen
- biraz kemlerge — to cut it down a little
- mallanı sanın kemledile — they reduced the number of livestock
- işlegenleni sanın kemlerge — to reduce the number of workers
- igi kesek kemle — cut it down a good deal
- eki kerege kemlerge — to cut it by half
2. belittle, humiliate, insult
- kemleb söleşirge — to speak slightingly
- kesiŋden kemlerge — to think someone beneath you
- Soslan Azamatnı bek kemleb söleşdi — Soslan spoke very slightingly of Azamat
- ol adamnı kemleb söleşiwçüdü — he is given to speaking of people slightingly
3. restrict, curtail, infringe
- aşarıqdan kemlerge — to restrict someone in food
- erkinliklerin kemlerge — to curtail their freedoms
- haqların kemlerge — to infringe on their rights
Conjugation
Common forms
- kemleydihe is reducing
- kemledihe reduced
- kemlegendihe has reduced
- kemlerhe will reduce
- kemlerikdihe is going to reduce
- kemley edihe was reducing
- kemleseif he reduces
- kemle!reduce!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemleymeI am reducing | senkemleyseyou are reducing | olkemleydihe is reducing | bizkemleybizwe are reducing | sizkemleysizyou all are reducing | alakemleydilethey are reducing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemlemeymeI am not reducing | senkemlemeyseyou are not reducing | olkemlemeydihe is not reducing | bizkemlemeybizwe are not reducing | sizkemlemeysizyou all are not reducing | alakemlemeydilethey are not reducing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemleymemi? kemleymime?am I reducing? | senkemleymise?are you reducing? | olkemleymidi?is he reducing? | bizkemleybizmi? kemleymibiz?are we reducing? | sizkemleymisiz?are you all reducing? | alakemleymidile?are they reducing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkemlemeymemi? kemlemeymime?aren't I reducing? | senkemlemeymise?aren't you reducing? | olkemlemeymidi?isn't he reducing? | bizkemlemeybizmi? kemlemeymibiz?aren't we reducing? | sizkemlemeymisiz?aren't you all reducing? | alakemlemeymidile?aren't they reducing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemlewçenmeI usually reduce | senkemlewçenseyou usually reduce | olkemlewçendihe usually reduces | bizkemlewçenbizwe usually reduce | sizkemlewçensizyou all usually reduce | alakemlewçendilethey usually reduce |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemlemewçenmeI usually don't reduce | senkemlemewçenseyou usually don't reduce | olkemlemewçendihe usually doesn't reduce | bizkemlemewçenbizwe usually don't reduce | sizkemlemewçensizyou all usually don't reduce | alakemlemewçendilethey usually don't reduce |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemlewçenmemi? kemlewçenmime?do I usually reduce? | senkemlewçenmise?do you usually reduce? | olkemlewçenmidi?does he usually reduce? | bizkemlewçenbizmi? kemlewçenmibiz?do we usually reduce? | sizkemlewçenmisiz?do you all usually reduce? | alakemlewçenmidile?do they usually reduce? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkemlemewçenmemi? kemlemewçenmime?do I usually not reduce? | senkemlemewçenmise?do you usually not reduce? | olkemlemewçenmidi?does he usually not reduce? | bizkemlemewçenbizmi? kemlemewçenmibiz?do we usually not reduce? | sizkemlemewçenmisiz?do you all usually not reduce? | alakemlemewçenmidile?do they usually not reduce? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkemlebdihe has reduced and remains so | alakemlebdilethey have reduced and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkemlebmidi?has he reduced? | alakemlebmidile?have they reduced? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemleb turamaI keep reducing | senkemleb turasayou keep reducing | olkemleb turadıhe keeps reducing | bizkemleb turabızwe keep reducing | sizkemleb turasızyou all keep reducing | alakemleb turadılathey keep reducing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemleb turmaymaI don't keep reducing | senkemleb turmaysayou don't keep reducing | olkemleb turmaydıhe doesn't keep reducing | bizkemleb turmaybızwe don't keep reducing | sizkemleb turmaysızyou all don't keep reducing | alakemleb turmaydılathey don't keep reducing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemleb turamamı? kemleb turamıma?do I keep reducing? | senkemleb turamısa?do you keep reducing? | olkemleb turamıdı?does he keep reducing? | bizkemleb turabızmı? kemleb turamıbız?do we keep reducing? | sizkemleb turamısız?do you all keep reducing? | alakemleb turamıdıla?do they keep reducing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkemleb turmaymamı? kemleb turmaymıma?don't I keep reducing? | senkemleb turmaymısa?don't you keep reducing? | olkemleb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep reducing? | bizkemleb turmaybızmı? kemleb turmaymıbız?don't we keep reducing? | sizkemleb turmaymısız?don't you all keep reducing? | alakemleb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep reducing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemley turamaI am in the middle of reducing | senkemley turasayou are in the middle of reducing | olkemley turadıhe is in the middle of reducing | bizkemley turabızwe are in the middle of reducing | sizkemley turasızyou all are in the middle of reducing | alakemley turadılathey are in the middle of reducing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemley turmaymaI am not in the middle of reducing | senkemley turmaysayou are not in the middle of reducing | olkemley turmaydıhe is not in the middle of reducing | bizkemley turmaybızwe are not in the middle of reducing | sizkemley turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of reducing | alakemley turmaydılathey are not in the middle of reducing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemley turamamı? kemley turamıma?am I in the middle of reducing? | senkemley turamısa?are you in the middle of reducing? | olkemley turamıdı?is he in the middle of reducing? | bizkemley turabızmı? kemley turamıbız?are we in the middle of reducing? | sizkemley turamısız?are you all in the middle of reducing? | alakemley turamıdıla?are they in the middle of reducing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menkemley turmaymamı? kemley turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of reducing? | senkemley turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of reducing? | olkemley turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of reducing? | bizkemley turmaybızmı? kemley turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of reducing? | sizkemley turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of reducing? | alakemley turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of reducing? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemledimI reduced | senkemlediŋyou reduced | olkemledihe reduced | bizkemledikwe reduced | sizkemledigizyou all reduced | alakemledilethey reduced |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemlemedimI didn't reduce | senkemlemediŋyou didn't reduce | olkemlemedihe didn't reduce | bizkemlemedikwe didn't reduce | sizkemlemedigizyou all didn't reduce | alakemlemedilethey didn't reduce |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemledimmi?did I reduce? | senkemlediŋmi?did you reduce? | olkemledimi?did he reduce? | bizkemledikmi?did we reduce? | sizkemledigizmi?did you all reduce? | alakemledilemi?did they reduce? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkemlemedimmi?didn't I reduce? | senkemlemediŋmi?didn't you reduce? | olkemlemedimi?didn't he reduce? | bizkemlemedikmi?didn't we reduce? | sizkemlemedigizmi?didn't you all reduce? | alakemlemedilemi?didn't they reduce? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemlegenmeI have reduced | senkemlegenseyou have reduced | olkemlegendihe has reduced | bizkemlegenbizwe have reduced | sizkemlegensizyou all have reduced | alakemlegendilethey have reduced |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemlemegenmeI haven't reduced | senkemlemegenseyou haven't reduced | olkemlemegendihe hasn't reduced | bizkemlemegenbizwe haven't reduced | sizkemlemegensizyou all haven't reduced | alakemlemegendilethey haven't reduced |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemlegenmemi? kemlegenmime?have I reduced? | senkemlegenmise?have you reduced? | olkemlegenmidi?has he reduced? | bizkemlegenbizmi? kemlegenmibiz?have we reduced? | sizkemlegenmisiz?have you all reduced? | alakemlegenmidile?have they reduced? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkemlemegenmemi? kemlemegenmime?haven't I reduced? | senkemlemegenmise?haven't you reduced? | olkemlemegenmidi?hasn't he reduced? | bizkemlemegenbizmi? kemlemegenmibiz?haven't we reduced? | sizkemlemegenmisiz?haven't you all reduced? | alakemlemegenmidile?haven't they reduced? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkemleb turdumI kept reducing | senkemleb turduŋyou kept reducing | olkemleb turduhe kept reducing | bizkemleb turduqwe kept reducing | sizkemleb turduğuzyou all kept reducing | alakemleb turdulathey kept reducing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkemleb turmadımI didn't keep reducing | senkemleb turmadıŋyou didn't keep reducing | olkemleb turmadıhe didn't keep reducing | bizkemleb turmadıqwe didn't keep reducing | sizkemleb turmadığızyou all didn't keep reducing | alakemleb turmadılathey didn't keep reducing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemlermeI will reduce | senkemlerseyou will reduce | olkemlerhe will reduce | bizkemlerbizwe will reduce | sizkemlersizyou all will reduce | alakemlerlethey will reduce |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemlemezmeI won't reduce | senkemlemezseyou won't reduce | olkemlemezhe won't reduce | bizkemlemezbizwe won't reduce | sizkemlemezsizyou all won't reduce | alakemlemezlethey won't reduce |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemlermemi? kemlermime?will I reduce? | senkemlermise?will you reduce? | olkemlermi?will he reduce? | bizkemlerbizmi? kemlermibiz?will we reduce? | sizkemlermisiz?will you all reduce? | alakemlerlemi? kemlermile?will they reduce? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkemlemezmemi? kemlemezmime?won't I reduce? | senkemlemezmise?won't you reduce? | olkemlemezmi?won't he reduce? | bizkemlemezbizmi? kemlemezmibiz?won't we reduce? | sizkemlemezmisiz?won't you all reduce? | alakemlemezlemi? kemlemezmile?won't they reduce? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemlerikmeI am going to reduce | senkemlerikseyou are going to reduce | olkemlerikdihe is going to reduce | bizkemlerikbizwe are going to reduce | sizkemleriksizyou all are going to reduce | alakemlerikdilethey are going to reduce |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemlerik tülmeI am not going to reduce | senkemlerik tülseyou are not going to reduce | olkemlerik tüldühe is not going to reduce | bizkemlerik tülbüzwe are not going to reduce | sizkemlerik tülsüzyou all are not going to reduce | alakemlerik tüldülethey are not going to reduce |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemlerikmemi? kemlerikmime?am I going to reduce? | senkemlerikmise?are you going to reduce? | olkemlerikmidi?is he going to reduce? | bizkemlerikbizmi? kemlerikmibiz?are we going to reduce? | sizkemlerikmisiz?are you all going to reduce? | alakemlerikmidile?are they going to reduce? |
| Definite future (future II) | menkemlerik tülmüme?aren't I going to reduce? | senkemlerik tülmüse?aren't you going to reduce? | olkemlerik tülmüdü?isn't he going to reduce? | bizkemlerik tülmübüz?aren't we going to reduce? | sizkemlerik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to reduce? | alakemlerik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to reduce? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkemlegen edimkemlegenemI had reduced | senkemlegen ediŋkemlegeneŋyou had reduced | olkemlegen edikemlegenedhe had reduced | bizkemlegen edikkemlegenekwe had reduced | sizkemlegen edigizkemlegenegizyou all had reduced | alakemlegen edilekemlegenellethey had reduced |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkemlemegen edimkemlemegenemI hadn't reduced | senkemlemegen ediŋkemlemegeneŋyou hadn't reduced | olkemlemegen edikemlemegenedhe hadn't reduced | bizkemlemegen edikkemlemegenekwe hadn't reduced | sizkemlemegen edigizkemlemegenegizyou all hadn't reduced | alakemlemegen edilekemlemegenellethey hadn't reduced |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkemley edimkemleyemI was reducing | senkemley ediŋkemleyeŋyou were reducing | olkemley edikemleyedhe was reducing | bizkemley edikkemleyekwe were reducing | sizkemley edigizkemleyegizyou all were reducing | alakemley edilekemleyellethey were reducing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkemlemey edimkemlemeyemI wasn't reducing | senkemlemey ediŋkemlemeyeŋyou weren't reducing | olkemlemey edikemlemeyedhe wasn't reducing | bizkemlemey edikkemlemeyekwe weren't reducing | sizkemlemey edigizkemlemeyegizyou all weren't reducing | alakemlemey edilekemlemeyellethey weren't reducing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkemlewçen edimkemlewçenemI used to reduce | senkemlewçen ediŋkemlewçeneŋyou used to reduce | olkemlewçen edikemlewçenedhe used to reduce | bizkemlewçen edikkemlewçenekwe used to reduce | sizkemlewçen edigizkemlewçenegizyou all used to reduce | alakemlewçen edilekemlewçenellethey used to reduce |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkemlemewçen edimkemlemewçenemI didn't use to reduce | senkemlemewçen ediŋkemlemewçeneŋyou didn't use to reduce | olkemlemewçen edikemlemewçenedhe didn't use to reduce | bizkemlemewçen edikkemlemewçenekwe didn't use to reduce | sizkemlemewçen edigizkemlemewçenegizyou all didn't use to reduce | alakemlemewçen edilekemlemewçenellethey didn't use to reduce |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkemleb edihe had reduced and remained so | alakemleb edilethey had reduced and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkemleb tül edihe hadn't reduced | alakemleb tül edilethey hadn't reduced | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkemleb tura edimkemleb turaemI had kept reducing | senkemleb tura ediŋkemleb turaeŋyou had kept reducing | olkemleb tura edikemleb turaedhe had kept reducing | bizkemleb tura edikkemleb turaekwe had kept reducing | sizkemleb tura edigizkemleb turaegizyou all had kept reducing | alakemleb tura edilekemleb turaellethey had kept reducing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkemleb turmay edimkemleb turmayemI hadn't kept reducing | senkemleb turmay ediŋkemleb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept reducing | olkemleb turmay edikemleb turmayedhe hadn't kept reducing | bizkemleb turmay edikkemleb turmayekwe hadn't kept reducing | sizkemleb turmay edigizkemleb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept reducing | alakemleb turmay edilekemleb turmayellethey hadn't kept reducing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkemley tura edimkemley turaemI was in the middle of reducing | senkemley tura ediŋkemley turaeŋyou were in the middle of reducing | olkemley tura edikemley turaedhe was in the middle of reducing | bizkemley tura edikkemley turaekwe were in the middle of reducing | sizkemley tura edigizkemley turaegizyou all were in the middle of reducing | alakemley tura edilekemley turaellethey were in the middle of reducing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menkemley turmay edimkemley turmayemI wasn't in the middle of reducing | senkemley turmay ediŋkemley turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of reducing | olkemley turmay edikemley turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of reducing | bizkemley turmay edikkemley turmayekwe weren't in the middle of reducing | sizkemley turmay edigizkemley turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of reducing | alakemley turmay edilekemley turmayellethey weren't in the middle of reducing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menkemler edimkemler emI would reduce | senkemler ediŋkemler eŋyou would reduce | olkemler edikemler edhe would reduce | bizkemler edikkemler ekwe would reduce | sizkemler edigizkemler egizyou all would reduce | alakemler edilekemler ellethey would reduce |
| Conditional result (would) | menkemlemez edimkemlemez emI wouldn't reduce | senkemlemez ediŋkemlemez eŋyou wouldn't reduce | olkemlemez edikemlemez edhe wouldn't reduce | bizkemlemez edikkemlemez ekwe wouldn't reduce | sizkemlemez edigizkemlemez egizyou all wouldn't reduce | alakemlemez edilekemlemez ellethey wouldn't reduce |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkemlerik edimkemlerik emI would have reduced | senkemlerik ediŋkemlerik eŋyou would have reduced | olkemlerik edikemlerik edhe would have reduced | bizkemlerik edikkemlerik ekwe would have reduced | sizkemlerik edigizkemlerik egizyou all would have reduced | alakemlerik edilekemlerik ellethey would have reduced |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menkemlerik tül edimkemlerik tül emI wouldn't have reduced | senkemlerik tül ediŋkemlerik tül eŋyou wouldn't have reduced | olkemlerik tül edikemlerik tül edhe wouldn't have reduced | bizkemlerik tül edikkemlerik tül ekwe wouldn't have reduced | sizkemlerik tül edigizkemlerik tül egizyou all wouldn't have reduced | alakemlerik tül edilekemlerik tül ellethey wouldn't have reduced |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkemlesemif I reduce | senkemleseŋif you reduce | olkemleseif he reduces | bizkemlesekif we reduce | sizkemlesegizif you all reduce | alakemleseleif they reduce |
| Conditional | menkemlemesemif I don't reduce | senkemlemeseŋif you don't reduce | olkemlemeseif he doesn't reduce | bizkemlemesekif we don't reduce | sizkemlemesegizif you all don't reduce | alakemlemeseleif they don't reduce |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menkemley esemif I am reducing | senkemley eseŋif you are reducing | olkemley eseif he is reducing | bizkemley esekif we are reducing | sizkemley esegizif you all are reducing | alakemley eseleif they are reducing |
| Conditional, present real | menkemlemey esemif I am not reducing | senkemlemey eseŋif you are not reducing | olkemlemey eseif he is not reducing | bizkemlemey esekif we are not reducing | sizkemlemey esegizif you all are not reducing | alakemlemey eseleif they are not reducing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkemlesem edikemlesem edif only I reduced | senkemleseŋ edikemleseŋ edif only you reduced | olkemlese edikemlesedif only he reduced | bizkemlesek edikemlesek edif only we reduced | sizkemlesegiz edikemlesegiz edif only you all reduced | alakemlesele edikemleseledif only they reduced |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkemlemesem edikemlemesem edif only I didn't reduce | senkemlemeseŋ edikemlemeseŋ edif only you didn't reduce | olkemlemese edikemlemesedif only he didn't reduce | bizkemlemesek edikemlemesek edif only we didn't reduce | sizkemlemesegiz edikemlemesegiz edif only you all didn't reduce | alakemlemesele edikemlemeseledif only they didn't reduce |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkemleb tursamif I carry on reducing | senkemleb tursaŋif you carry on reducing | olkemleb tursaif he carries on reducing | bizkemleb tursaqif we carry on reducing | sizkemleb tursağızif you all carry on reducing | alakemleb tursalaif they carry on reducing |
| Durative conditional | menkemleb turmasamif I don't carry on reducing | senkemleb turmasaŋif you don't carry on reducing | olkemleb turmasaif he doesn't carry on reducing | bizkemleb turmasaqif we don't carry on reducing | sizkemleb turmasağızif you all don't carry on reducing | alakemleb turmasalaif they don't carry on reducing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkemleb tura esemif I have kept reducing | senkemleb tura eseŋif you have kept reducing | olkemleb tura eseif he has kept reducing | bizkemleb tura esekif we have kept reducing | sizkemleb tura esegizif you all have kept reducing | alakemleb tura eseleif they have kept reducing |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkemleb turmay esemif I haven't kept reducing | senkemleb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept reducing | olkemleb turmay eseif he hasn't kept reducing | bizkemleb turmay esekif we haven't kept reducing | sizkemleb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept reducing | alakemleb turmay eseleif they haven't kept reducing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menkemley tursamif I keep reducing | senkemley tursaŋif you keep reducing | olkemley tursaif he keeps reducing | bizkemley tursaqif we keep reducing | sizkemley tursağızif you all keep reducing | alakemley tursalaif they keep reducing |
| Progressive conditional | menkemlemey tursamif I keep on not reducing | senkemlemey tursaŋif you keep on not reducing | olkemlemey tursaif he keeps on not reducing | bizkemlemey tursaqif we keep on not reducing | sizkemlemey tursağızif you all keep on not reducing | alakemlemey tursalaif they keep on not reducing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkemley tura esemif I am in the middle of reducing | senkemley tura eseŋif you are in the middle of reducing | olkemley tura eseif he is in the middle of reducing | bizkemley tura esekif we are in the middle of reducing | sizkemley tura esegizif you all are in the middle of reducing | alakemley tura eseleif they are in the middle of reducing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkemlemey tura esemif I keep on not reducing | senkemlemey tura eseŋif you keep on not reducing | olkemlemey tura eseif he keeps on not reducing | bizkemlemey tura esekif we keep on not reducing | sizkemlemey tura esegizif you all keep on not reducing | alakemlemey tura eseleif they keep on not reducing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkemledim esemif I reduced | senkemlediŋ eseŋif you reduced | olkemledi eseif he reduced | bizkemledik esekif we reduced | sizkemledigiz esegizif you all reduced | alakemledile eseleif they reduced |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkemlemedim esemif I didn't reduce | senkemlemediŋ eseŋif you didn't reduce | olkemlemedi eseif he didn't reduce | bizkemlemedik esekif we didn't reduce | sizkemlemedigiz esegizif you all didn't reduce | alakemlemedile eseleif they didn't reduce |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkemlegen esemif I did reduce (indeed) | senkemlegen eseŋif you did reduce (indeed) | olkemlegen eseif he did reduce (indeed) | bizkemlegen esekif we did reduce (indeed) | sizkemlegen esegizif you all did reduce (indeed) | alakemlegen eseleif they did reduce (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkemlemegen esemif I didn't reduce (indeed) | senkemlemegen eseŋif you didn't reduce (indeed) | olkemlemegen eseif he didn't reduce (indeed) | bizkemlemegen esekif we didn't reduce (indeed) | sizkemlemegen esegizif you all didn't reduce (indeed) | alakemlemegen eseleif they didn't reduce (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkemlegen bolsamif I had reduced | senkemlegen bolsaŋif you had reduced | olkemlegen bolsaif he had reduced | bizkemlegen bolsaqif we had reduced | sizkemlegen bolsağızif you all had reduced | alakemlegen bolsalaif they had reduced |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkemlemegen bolsamif I hadn't reduced | senkemlemegen bolsaŋif you hadn't reduced | olkemlemegen bolsaif he hadn't reduced | bizkemlemegen bolsaqif we hadn't reduced | sizkemlemegen bolsağızif you all hadn't reduced | alakemlemegen bolsalaif they hadn't reduced |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkemlegen bolsam edikemlegen bolsam edif only I had reduced | senkemlegen bolsaŋ edikemlegen bolsaŋ edif only you had reduced | olkemlegen bolsa edikemlegen bolsaedif only he had reduced | bizkemlegen bolsaq edikemlegen bolsaq edif only we had reduced | sizkemlegen bolsağız edikemlegen bolsağız edif only you all had reduced | alakemlegen bolsala edikemlegen bolsalaedif only they had reduced |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkemlemegen bolsam edikemlemegen bolsam edif only I hadn't reduced | senkemlemegen bolsaŋ edikemlemegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't reduced | olkemlemegen bolsa edikemlemegen bolsaedif only he hadn't reduced | bizkemlemegen bolsaq edikemlemegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't reduced | sizkemlemegen bolsağız edikemlemegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't reduced | alakemlemegen bolsala edikemlemegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't reduced |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menkemler esemif I will reduce | senkemler eseŋif you will reduce | olkemler eseif he will reduce | bizkemler esekif we will reduce | sizkemler esegizif you all will reduce | alakemler eseleif they will reduce |
| Conditional, aorist | menkemlemez esemif I won't reduce | senkemlemez eseŋif you won't reduce | olkemlemez eseif he won't reduce | bizkemlemez esekif we won't reduce | sizkemlemez esegizif you all won't reduce | alakemlemez eseleif they won't reduce |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menkemlerik esemif I am going to reduce | senkemlerik eseŋif you are going to reduce | olkemlerik eseif he is going to reduce | bizkemlerik esekif we are going to reduce | sizkemlerik esegizif you all are going to reduce | alakemlerik eseleif they are going to reduce |
| Conditional, future | menkemlerik tül esemif I am not going to reduce | senkemlerik tül eseŋif you are not going to reduce | olkemlerik tül eseif he is not going to reduce | bizkemlerik tül esekif we are not going to reduce | sizkemlerik tül esegizif you all are not going to reduce | alakemlerik tül eseleif they are not going to reduce |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkemlerik bolsamif I were going to reduce | senkemlerik bolsaŋif you were going to reduce | olkemlerik bolsaif he were going to reduce | bizkemlerik bolsaqif we were going to reduce | sizkemlerik bolsağızif you all were going to reduce | alakemlerik bolsalaif they were going to reduce |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkemlemezlik bolsamif I were not going to reduce | senkemlemezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to reduce | olkemlemezlik bolsaif he were not going to reduce | bizkemlemezlik bolsaqif we were not going to reduce | sizkemlemezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to reduce | alakemlemezlik bolsalaif they were not going to reduce |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kemlediŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkemley bolurmaI must be reducing | senkemley bolursayou must be reducing | olkemley bolurhe must be reducing | bizkemley bolurbuzwe must be reducing | sizkemley bolursuzyou all must be reducing | alakemley bolurlathey must be reducing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkemlemey bolurmaI must not be reducing | senkemlemey bolursayou must not be reducing | olkemlemey bolurhe must not be reducing | bizkemlemey bolurbuzwe must not be reducing | sizkemlemey bolursuzyou all must not be reducing | alakemlemey bolurlathey must not be reducing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkemley tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of reducing | senkemley tura bolursayou must be in the middle of reducing | olkemley tura bolurhe must be in the middle of reducing | bizkemley tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of reducing | sizkemley tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of reducing | alakemley tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of reducing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkemlemey tura bolurmaI must keep on not reducing | senkemlemey tura bolursayou must keep on not reducing | olkemlemey tura bolurhe must keep on not reducing | bizkemlemey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not reducing | sizkemlemey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not reducing | alakemlemey tura bolurlathey must keep on not reducing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkemlegen bolurmaI must have reduced | senkemlegen bolursayou must have reduced | olkemlegen bolurhe must have reduced | bizkemlegen bolurbuzwe must have reduced | sizkemlegen bolursuzyou all must have reduced | alakemlegen bolurlathey must have reduced |
| Inference (must have) | menkemlemegen bolurmaI must not have reduced | senkemlemegen bolursayou must not have reduced | olkemlemegen bolurhe must not have reduced | bizkemlemegen bolurbuzwe must not have reduced | sizkemlemegen bolursuzyou all must not have reduced | alakemlemegen bolurlathey must not have reduced |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkemlerik bolurmaI must be going to reduce | senkemlerik bolursayou must be going to reduce | olkemlerik bolurhe must be going to reduce | bizkemlerik bolurbuzwe must be going to reduce | sizkemlerik bolursuzyou all must be going to reduce | alakemlerik bolurlathey must be going to reduce |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkemlemezlik bolurmaI must not be going to reduce | senkemlemezlik bolursayou must not be going to reduce | olkemlemezlik bolurhe must not be going to reduce | bizkemlemezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to reduce | sizkemlemezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to reduce | alakemlemezlik bolurlathey must not be going to reduce |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menkemleyimlet me reduce | senkemle!reduce! | olkemlesinlet him reduce | bizkemleyiklet's reduce | sizkemlegiz!reduce, you all! | alakemlesinlelet them reduce |
| Commands & suggestions | menkemlemeyimlet me not reduce | senkemleme!don't reduce! | olkemlemesinlet him not reduce | bizkemlemeyiklet's not reduce | sizkemlemegiz!don't reduce, you all! | alakemlemesinlelet them not reduce |
| Commands & suggestions | menkemleyimmi?shall I reduce? | olkemlesinmi?should he reduce? | bizkemleyikmi?shall we reduce? | alakemlesinlemi?should they reduce? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkemlemeyimmi?shall I not reduce? | olkemlemesinmi?should he not reduce? | bizkemlemeyikmi?shall we not reduce? | alakemlemesinlemi?should they not reduce? | ||
| Requests | senkemleçi2kemleçinplease reduce | olkemlesinçido let him reduce | sizkemleçigizplease reduce (plural/polite) | alakemlesinleçido let them reduce | ||
| Requests | senkemlemeçi2kemlemeçinplease don't reduce | olkemlemesinçido let him not reduce | sizkemlemeçigizplease don't reduce (plural/polite) | alakemlemesinleçido let them not reduce | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkemleginkemlegimay you reduce | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkemlemeginkemlemegimay you not reduce | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkemlegey edim kemlege edimwould that I reduced | senkemlegey ediŋ kemlege ediŋwould that you reduced | olkemlegey edi kemlege ediwould that he reduced | bizkemlegey edik kemlege edikwould that we reduced | sizkemlegey edigiz kemlege edigizwould that you all reduced | alakemlegey edile kemlege edilewould that they reduced |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkemlemegey edim kemlemege edimwould that I did not reduce | senkemlemegey ediŋ kemlemege ediŋwould that you did not reduce | olkemlemegey edi kemlemege ediwould that he did not reduce | bizkemlemegey edik kemlemege edikwould that we did not reduce | sizkemlemegey edigiz kemlemege edigizwould that you all did not reduce | alakemlemegey edile kemlemege edilewould that they did not reduce |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemlemege qoyayımkemleme qoyayımlet me allow someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoy!kemleme qoy!let someone reduce! | olkemlemege qoysunkemleme qoysunlet him allow someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoyayıqkemleme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoyuğuz!kemleme qoyuğuz!let someone reduce, you all! | alakemlemege qoysunlakemleme qoysunlalet them allow someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemlemege qoymayımkemleme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoyma!kemleme qoyma!don't let someone reduce! | olkemlemege qoymasınkemleme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoymayıqkemleme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoymağız!kemleme qoymağız!don't let someone reduce, you all! | alakemlemege qoymasınlakemleme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemlemege qoyayımmı?kemleme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoysunmu?kemleme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoyayıqmı?kemleme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoysunlamı?kemleme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to reduce? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkemlemege qoymayımmı?kemleme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoymasınmı?kemleme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoymayıqmı?kemleme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoymasınlamı?kemleme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to reduce? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkemlemege qoyamakemleme qoyamaI allow someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoyasakemleme qoyasayou allow someone to reduce | olkemlemege qoyadıkemleme qoyadıhe allows someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoyabızkemleme qoyabızwe allow someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoyasızkemleme qoyasızyou all allow someone to reduce | alakemlemege qoyadılakemleme qoyadılathey allow someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemlemege qoymaymakemleme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoymaysakemleme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to reduce | olkemlemege qoymaydıkemleme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoymaybızkemleme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoymaysızkemleme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to reduce | alakemlemege qoymaydılakemleme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemlemege qoyamamı?kemleme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to reduce? | senkemlemege qoyamısa?kemleme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoyamıdı?kemleme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoyabızmı?kemleme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to reduce? | sizkemlemege qoyamısız?kemleme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoyamıdıla?kemleme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to reduce? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkemlemege qoymaymamı?kemleme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to reduce? | senkemlemege qoymaymısa?kemleme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoymaymıdı?kemleme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoymaybızmı?kemleme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to reduce? | sizkemlemege qoymaymısız?kemleme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoymaymıdıla?kemleme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to reduce? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemlemege qoydumkemleme qoydumI allowed someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoyduŋkemleme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to reduce | olkemlemege qoydukemleme qoyduhe allowed someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoyduqkemleme qoyduqwe allowed someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoyduğuzkemleme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to reduce | alakemlemege qoydulakemleme qoydulathey allowed someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemlemege qoymadımkemleme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to reduce | senkemlemege qoymadıŋkemleme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to reduce | olkemlemege qoymadıkemleme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to reduce | bizkemlemege qoymadıqkemleme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to reduce | sizkemlemege qoymadığızkemleme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to reduce | alakemlemege qoymadılakemleme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to reduce |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemlemege qoydummu?kemleme qoydummu?did I allow someone to reduce? | senkemlemege qoyduŋmu?kemleme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoydumu?kemleme qoydumu?did he allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoyduqmu?kemleme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to reduce? | sizkemlemege qoyduğuzmu?kemleme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoydulamı?kemleme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to reduce? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkemlemege qoymadımmı?kemleme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to reduce? | senkemlemege qoymadıŋmı?kemleme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to reduce? | olkemlemege qoymadımı?kemleme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to reduce? | bizkemlemege qoymadıqmı?kemleme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to reduce? | sizkemlemege qoymadığızmı?kemleme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to reduce? | alakemlemege qoymadılamı?kemleme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to reduce? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkemleyalamaI can reduce | senkemleyalasayou can reduce | olkemleyaladıhe can reduce | bizkemleyalabızwe can reduce | sizkemleyalasızyou all can reduce | alakemleyaladılathey can reduce |
| Ability — present | menkemleyalmaymaI can't reduce | senkemleyalmaysayou can't reduce | olkemleyalmaydıhe can't reduce | bizkemleyalmaybızwe can't reduce | sizkemleyalmaysızyou all can't reduce | alakemleyalmaydılathey can't reduce |
| Ability — present | menkemleyalamamı? kemleyalamıma?can I reduce? | senkemleyalamısa?can you reduce? | olkemleyalamıdı?can he reduce? | bizkemleyalabızmı? kemleyalamıbız?can we reduce? | sizkemleyalamısız?can you all reduce? | alakemleyalamıdıla?can they reduce? |
| Ability — present | menkemleyalmaymamı? kemleyalmaymıma?can't I reduce? | senkemleyalmaymısa?can't you reduce? | olkemleyalmaymıdı?can't he reduce? | bizkemleyalmaybızmı? kemleyalmaymıbız?can't we reduce? | sizkemleyalmaymısız?can't you all reduce? | alakemleyalmaymıdıla?can't they reduce? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkemleyalsamif I can reduce | senkemleyalsaŋif you can reduce | olkemleyalsaif he can reduce | bizkemleyalsaqif we can reduce | sizkemleyalsağızif you all can reduce | alakemleyalsalaif they can reduce |
| Ability — if I can… | menkemleyalmasamif I can't reduce | senkemleyalmasaŋif you can't reduce | olkemleyalmasaif he can't reduce | bizkemleyalmasaqif we can't reduce | sizkemleyalmasağızif you all can't reduce | alakemleyalmasalaif they can't reduce |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkemleyaldımI was able to reduce | senkemleyaldıŋyou were able to reduce | olkemleyaldıhe was able to reduce | bizkemleyaldıqwe were able to reduce | sizkemleyaldığızyou all were able to reduce | alakemleyaldılathey were able to reduce |
| Ability — simple past | menkemleyalmadımI could not reduce | senkemleyalmadıŋyou could not reduce | olkemleyalmadıhe could not reduce | bizkemleyalmadıqwe could not reduce | sizkemleyalmadığızyou all could not reduce | alakemleyalmadılathey could not reduce |
| Ability — simple past | menkemleyaldımmı?was I able to reduce? | senkemleyaldıŋmı?were you able to reduce? | olkemleyaldımı?was he able to reduce? | bizkemleyaldıqmı?were we able to reduce? | sizkemleyaldığızmı?were you all able to reduce? | alakemleyaldılamı?were they able to reduce? |
| Ability — simple past | menkemleyalmadımmı?couldn't I reduce? | senkemleyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you reduce? | olkemleyalmadımı?couldn't he reduce? | bizkemleyalmadıqmı?couldn't we reduce? | sizkemleyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all reduce? | alakemleyalmadılamı?couldn't they reduce? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemleyalğanmaI have been able to reduce | senkemleyalğansayou have been able to reduce | olkemleyalğandıhe has been able to reduce | bizkemleyalğanbızwe have been able to reduce | sizkemleyalğansızyou all have been able to reduce | alakemleyalğandılathey have been able to reduce |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemleyalmağanmaI haven't been able to reduce | senkemleyalmağansayou haven't been able to reduce | olkemleyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to reduce | bizkemleyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to reduce | sizkemleyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to reduce | alakemleyalmağandılathey haven't been able to reduce |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemleyalğanmamı? kemleyalğanmıma?have I been able to reduce? | senkemleyalğanmısa?have you been able to reduce? | olkemleyalğanmıdı?has he been able to reduce? | bizkemleyalğanbızmı? kemleyalğanmıbız?have we been able to reduce? | sizkemleyalğanmısız?have you all been able to reduce? | alakemleyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to reduce? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkemleyalmağanmamı? kemleyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to reduce? | senkemleyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to reduce? | olkemleyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to reduce? | bizkemleyalmağanbızmı? kemleyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to reduce? | sizkemleyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to reduce? | alakemleyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to reduce? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkemleyalğan edimkemleyalğanemI had been able to reduce | senkemleyalğan ediŋkemleyalğaneŋyou had been able to reduce | olkemleyalğan edikemleyalğanedhe had been able to reduce | bizkemleyalğan edikkemleyalğanekwe had been able to reduce | sizkemleyalğan edigizkemleyalğanegizyou all had been able to reduce | alakemleyalğan edilekemleyalğanellethey had been able to reduce |
| Ability — past perfect | menkemleyalmağan edimkemleyalmağanemI hadn't been able to reduce | senkemleyalmağan ediŋkemleyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to reduce | olkemleyalmağan edikemleyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to reduce | bizkemleyalmağan edikkemleyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to reduce | sizkemleyalmağan edigizkemleyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to reduce | alakemleyalmağan edilekemleyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to reduce |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkemleyala edimkemleyalaemI could reduce | senkemleyala ediŋkemleyalaeŋyou could reduce | olkemleyala edikemleyalaedhe could reduce | bizkemleyala edikkemleyalaekwe could reduce | sizkemleyala edigizkemleyalaegizyou all could reduce | alakemleyala edilekemleyalaellethey could reduce |
| Ability — past background | menkemleyalmay edimkemleyalmayemI could not reduce | senkemleyalmay ediŋkemleyalmayeŋyou could not reduce | olkemleyalmay edikemleyalmayedhe could not reduce | bizkemleyalmay edikkemleyalmayekwe could not reduce | sizkemleyalmay edigizkemleyalmayegizyou all could not reduce | alakemleyalmay edilekemleyalmayellethey could not reduce |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkemleyalırmaI will be able to reduce | senkemleyalırsayou will be able to reduce | olkemleyalırhe will be able to reduce | bizkemleyalırbızwe will be able to reduce | sizkemleyalırsızyou all will be able to reduce | alakemleyalırlathey will be able to reduce |
| Ability — future I | menkemleyalmazmaI won't be able to reduce | senkemleyalmazsayou won't be able to reduce | olkemleyalmazhe won't be able to reduce | bizkemleyalmazbızwe won't be able to reduce | sizkemleyalmazsızyou all won't be able to reduce | alakemleyalmazlathey won't be able to reduce |
| Ability — future I | menkemleyalırmamı? kemleyalırmıma?will I be able to reduce? | senkemleyalırmısa?will you be able to reduce? | olkemleyalırmı?will he be able to reduce? | bizkemleyalırbızmı? kemleyalırmıbız?will we be able to reduce? | sizkemleyalırmısız?will you all be able to reduce? | alakemleyalırlamı? kemleyalırmıla?will they be able to reduce? |
| Ability — future I | menkemleyalmazmamı? kemleyalmazmıma?won't I be able to reduce? | senkemleyalmazmısa?won't you be able to reduce? | olkemleyalmazmı?won't he be able to reduce? | bizkemleyalmazbızmı? kemleyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to reduce? | sizkemleyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to reduce? | alakemleyalmazlamı? kemleyalmazmıla?won't they be able to reduce? |
| Ability — future II | menkemleyallıqmaI am going to be able to reduce | senkemleyallıqsayou are going to be able to reduce | olkemleyallıqdıhe is going to be able to reduce | bizkemleyallıqbızwe are going to be able to reduce | sizkemleyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to reduce | alakemleyallıqdılathey are going to be able to reduce |
| Ability — future II | menkemleyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to reduce | senkemleyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to reduce | olkemleyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to reduce | bizkemleyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to reduce | sizkemleyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to reduce | alakemleyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to reduce |
| Ability — future II | menkemleyallıqmamı? kemleyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to reduce? | senkemleyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to reduce? | olkemleyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to reduce? | bizkemleyallıqbızmı? kemleyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to reduce? | sizkemleyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to reduce? | alakemleyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to reduce? |
| Ability — future II | menkemleyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to reduce? | senkemleyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to reduce? | olkemleyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to reduce? | bizkemleyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to reduce? | sizkemleyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to reduce? | alakemleyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to reduce? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkemleyalır edimkemleyalır emI would be able to reduce | senkemleyalır ediŋkemleyalır eŋyou would be able to reduce | olkemleyalır edikemleyalır edhe would be able to reduce | bizkemleyalır edikkemleyalır ekwe would be able to reduce | sizkemleyalır edigizkemleyalır egizyou all would be able to reduce | alakemleyalır edilekemleyalır ellethey would be able to reduce |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkemleyalmaz edimkemleyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to reduce | senkemleyalmaz ediŋkemleyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to reduce | olkemleyalmaz edikemleyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to reduce | bizkemleyalmaz edikkemleyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to reduce | sizkemleyalmaz edigizkemleyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to reduce | alakemleyalmaz edilekemleyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to reduce |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkemleyalğınkemleyalğımay you be able to reduce | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkemleyalmağınkemleyalmağımay you not be able to reduce | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menkemlerge izleymeI want to reduce | senkemlerge izleyseyou want to reduce | olkemlerge izleydihe wants to reduce | bizkemlerge izleybizwe want to reduce | sizkemlerge izleysizyou all want to reduce | alakemlerge izleydilethey want to reduce |
| want to | menkemlerge izlemeymeI do not want to reduce | senkemlerge izlemeyseyou do not want to reduce | olkemlerge izlemeydihe does not want to reduce | bizkemlerge izlemeybizwe do not want to reduce | sizkemlerge izlemeysizyou all do not want to reduce | alakemlerge izlemeydilethey do not want to reduce |
| would like to | menkemlerge süemeI would like to reduce | senkemlerge süeseyou would like to reduce | olkemlerge süedihe would like to reduce | bizkemlerge süebizwe would like to reduce | sizkemlerge süesizyou all would like to reduce | alakemlerge süedilethey would like to reduce |
| would like to | menkemlerge süymeymeI would not like to reduce | senkemlerge süymeyseyou would not like to reduce | olkemlerge süymeydihe would not like to reduce | bizkemlerge süymeybizwe would not like to reduce | sizkemlerge süymeysizyou all would not like to reduce | alakemlerge süymeydilethey would not like to reduce |
| hope to | menkemlerge umutlanamaI hope to reduce | senkemlerge umutlanasayou hope to reduce | olkemlerge umutlanadıhe hopes to reduce | bizkemlerge umutlanabızwe hope to reduce | sizkemlerge umutlanasızyou all hope to reduce | alakemlerge umutlanadılathey hope to reduce |
| hope to | menkemlerge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to reduce | senkemlerge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to reduce | olkemlerge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to reduce | bizkemlerge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to reduce | sizkemlerge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to reduce | alakemlerge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to reduce |
| be about to | menkemlerge deb turamaI am about to reduce | senkemlerge deb turasayou are about to reduce | olkemlerge deb turadıhe is about to reduce | bizkemlerge deb turabızwe are about to reduce | sizkemlerge deb turasızyou all are about to reduce | alakemlerge deb turadılathey are about to reduce |
| be about to | menkemlerge deb turmaymaI am not about to reduce | senkemlerge deb turmaysayou are not about to reduce | olkemlerge deb turmaydıhe is not about to reduce | bizkemlerge deb turmaybızwe are not about to reduce | sizkemlerge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to reduce | alakemlerge deb turmaydılathey are not about to reduce |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menkemlerge kerekmeI need to reduce | senkemlerge kerekseyou need to reduce | olkemlerge kerekdihe needs to reduce | bizkemlerge kerekbizwe need to reduce | sizkemlerge kereksizyou all need to reduce | alakemlerge kerekdilethey need to reduce |
| need to | menkemlerge kerek tülmeI do not need to reduce | senkemlerge kerek tülseyou do not need to reduce | olkemlerge kerek tüldühe does not need to reduce | bizkemlerge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to reduce | sizkemlerge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to reduce | alakemlerge kerek tüldülethey do not need to reduce |
| have to | menmenŋe kemlerge tüşediI have to reduce | sensenŋe kemlerge tüşediyou have to reduce | olaŋa kemlerge tüşedihe has to reduce | bizbizge kemlerge tüşediwe have to reduce | sizsizge kemlerge tüşediyou all have to reduce | alaalağa kemlerge tüşedithey have to reduce |
| have to | menmenŋe kemlerge tüşmeydiI do not have to reduce | sensenŋe kemlerge tüşmeydiyou do not have to reduce | olaŋa kemlerge tüşmeydihe does not have to reduce | bizbizge kemlerge tüşmeydiwe do not have to reduce | sizsizge kemlerge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to reduce | alaalağa kemlerge tüşmeydithey do not have to reduce |
| be obliged to | menkemlerge borçlumaI am obliged to reduce | senkemlerge borçlusayou are obliged to reduce | olkemlerge borçluduhe is obliged to reduce | bizkemlerge borçlubuzwe are obliged to reduce | sizkemlerge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to reduce | alakemlerge borçludulathey are obliged to reduce |
| be obliged to | menkemlerge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to reduce | senkemlerge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to reduce | olkemlerge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to reduce | bizkemlerge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to reduce | sizkemlerge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to reduce | alakemlerge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to reduce |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menkemlerge madarım bardıI have a way to reduce | senkemlerge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to reduce | olkemlerge madarı bardıhe has a way to reduce | bizkemlerge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to reduce | sizkemlerge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to reduce | alakemlerge madarları bardıthey have a way to reduce |
| have a way to | menkemlerge madarım joqduI have no way to reduce | senkemlerge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to reduce | olkemlerge madarı joqduhe has no way to reduce | bizkemlerge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to reduce | sizkemlerge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to reduce | alakemlerge madarları joqduthey have no way to reduce |
| be free to | menkemlerge erkinligim bardıI am free to reduce | senkemlerge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to reduce | olkemlerge erkinligi bardıhe is free to reduce | bizkemlerge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to reduce | sizkemlerge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to reduce | alakemlerge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to reduce |
| be free to | menkemlerge erkinligim joqduI am not free to reduce | senkemlerge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to reduce | olkemlerge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to reduce | bizkemlerge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to reduce | sizkemlerge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to reduce | alakemlerge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to reduce |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for me to reduce | sensenŋe kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for you to reduce | olaŋa kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for him to reduce | bizbizge kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for us to reduce | sizsizge kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for you all to reduce | alaalağa kemlerge bolluqduit is possible for them to reduce |
| be possible to | menmenŋe kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to reduce | sensenŋe kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to reduce | olaŋa kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to reduce | bizbizge kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to reduce | sizsizge kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to reduce | alaalağa kemlerge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to reduce |
| be ready to | menkemlerge hazırmaI am ready to reduce | senkemlerge hazırsayou are ready to reduce | olkemlerge hazırdıhe is ready to reduce | bizkemlerge hazırbızwe are ready to reduce | sizkemlerge hazırsızyou all are ready to reduce | alakemlerge hazırdılathey are ready to reduce |
| be ready to | menkemlerge hazır tülmeI am not ready to reduce | senkemlerge hazır tülseyou are not ready to reduce | olkemlerge hazır tüldühe is not ready to reduce | bizkemlerge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to reduce | sizkemlerge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to reduce | alakemlerge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to reduce |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menkemlerge küreşemeI am trying to reduce | senkemlerge küreşeseyou are trying to reduce | olkemlerge küreşedihe is trying to reduce | bizkemlerge küreşebizwe are trying to reduce | sizkemlerge küreşesizyou all are trying to reduce | alakemlerge küreşedilethey are trying to reduce |
| try to | menkemlerge küreşmeymeI am not trying to reduce | senkemlerge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to reduce | olkemlerge küreşmeydihe is not trying to reduce | bizkemlerge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to reduce | sizkemlerge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to reduce | alakemlerge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to reduce |
| agree to | menkemlerge unaymaI agree to reduce | senkemlerge unaysayou agree to reduce | olkemlerge unaydıhe agrees to reduce | bizkemlerge unaybızwe agree to reduce | sizkemlerge unaysızyou all agree to reduce | alakemlerge unaydılathey agree to reduce |
| agree to | menkemlerge unamaymaI refuse to reduce | senkemlerge unamaysayou refuse to reduce | olkemlerge unamaydıhe refuses to reduce | bizkemlerge unamaybızwe refuse to reduce | sizkemlerge unamaysızyou all refuse to reduce | alakemlerge unamaydılathey refuse to reduce |
| hurry to | menkemlerge aşığamaI am in a hurry to reduce | senkemlerge aşığasayou are in a hurry to reduce | olkemlerge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to reduce | bizkemlerge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to reduce | sizkemlerge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to reduce | alakemlerge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to reduce |
| hurry to | menkemlerge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to reduce | senkemlerge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to reduce | olkemlerge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to reduce | bizkemlerge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to reduce | sizkemlerge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to reduce | alakemlerge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to reduce |
| be afraid to | menkemlerge qorqamaI am afraid to reduce | senkemlerge qorqasayou are afraid to reduce | olkemlerge qorqadıhe is afraid to reduce | bizkemlerge qorqabızwe are afraid to reduce | sizkemlerge qorqasızyou all are afraid to reduce | alakemlerge qorqadılathey are afraid to reduce |
| be afraid to | menkemlerge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to reduce | senkemlerge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to reduce | olkemlerge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to reduce | bizkemlerge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to reduce | sizkemlerge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to reduce | alakemlerge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to reduce |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menkemley bolmazmaI can't be reducing | senkemley bolmazsayou can't be reducing | olkemley bolmazhe can't be reducing | bizkemley bolmazbızwe can't be reducing | sizkemley bolmazsızyou all can't be reducing | alakemley bolmazlathey can't be reducing |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkemlemey bolmazmaI must be reducing (emphatic) | senkemlemey bolmazsayou must be reducing (emphatic) | olkemlemey bolmazhe must be reducing (emphatic) | bizkemlemey bolmazbızwe must be reducing (emphatic) | sizkemlemey bolmazsızyou all must be reducing (emphatic) | alakemlemey bolmazlathey must be reducing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menkemley turmasamif I don't keep reducing | senkemley turmasaŋif you don't keep reducing | olkemley turmasaif he doesn't keep reducing | bizkemley turmasaqif we don't keep reducing | sizkemley turmasağızif you all don't keep reducing | alakemley turmasalaif they don't keep reducing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menkemley tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of reducing | senkemley tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of reducing | olkemley tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of reducing | bizkemley tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of reducing | sizkemley tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of reducing | alakemley tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of reducing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkemlemey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not reducing (emphatic) | senkemlemey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not reducing (emphatic) | olkemlemey tura bolmazhe must keep on not reducing (emphatic) | bizkemlemey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not reducing (emphatic) | sizkemlemey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not reducing (emphatic) | alakemlemey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not reducing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkemlemey turamaI keep on not reducing | senkemlemey turasayou keep on not reducing | olkemlemey turadıhe keeps on not reducing | bizkemlemey turabızwe keep on not reducing | sizkemlemey turasızyou all keep on not reducing | alakemlemey turadılathey keep on not reducing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkemlemey turmaymaI am not keeping on not reducing | senkemlemey turmaysayou are not keeping on not reducing | olkemlemey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not reducing | bizkemlemey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not reducing | sizkemlemey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not reducing | alakemlemey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not reducing |
| Progressive — double negation | menkemlemey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not reducing? | senkemlemey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not reducing? | olkemlemey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not reducing? | bizkemlemey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not reducing? | sizkemlemey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not reducing? | alakemlemey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not reducing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkemlegen bolmazmaI can't have reduced | senkemlegen bolmazsayou can't have reduced | olkemlegen bolmazhe can't have reduced | bizkemlegen bolmazbızwe can't have reduced | sizkemlegen bolmazsızyou all can't have reduced | alakemlegen bolmazlathey can't have reduced |
| Inference — double negation | menkemlemegen bolmazmaI must have reduced (emphatic) | senkemlemegen bolmazsayou must have reduced (emphatic) | olkemlemegen bolmazhe must have reduced (emphatic) | bizkemlemegen bolmazbızwe must have reduced (emphatic) | sizkemlemegen bolmazsızyou all must have reduced (emphatic) | alakemlemegen bolmazlathey must have reduced (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkemlegen bolmasamif it weren't that I had reduced | senkemlegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had reduced | olkemlegen bolmasaif it weren't that he had reduced | bizkemlegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had reduced | sizkemlegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had reduced | alakemlegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had reduced |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkemlemegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't reduced | senkemlemegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't reduced | olkemlemegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't reduced | bizkemlemegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't reduced | sizkemlemegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't reduced | alakemlemegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't reduced |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menkemlerik bolmazmaI can't be going to reduce | senkemlerik bolmazsayou can't be going to reduce | olkemlerik bolmazhe can't be going to reduce | bizkemlerik bolmazbızwe can't be going to reduce | sizkemlerik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to reduce | alakemlerik bolmazlathey can't be going to reduce |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkemlemezlik bolmazmaI must be going to reduce (emphatic) | senkemlemezlik bolmazsayou must be going to reduce (emphatic) | olkemlemezlik bolmazhe must be going to reduce (emphatic) | bizkemlemezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to reduce (emphatic) | sizkemlemezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to reduce (emphatic) | alakemlemezlik bolmazlathey must be going to reduce (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menkemlerik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to reduce | senkemlerik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to reduce | olkemlerik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to reduce | bizkemlerik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to reduce | sizkemlerik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to reduce | alakemlerik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to reduce |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkemlemezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to reduce | senkemlemezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to reduce | olkemlemezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to reduce | bizkemlemezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to reduce | sizkemlemezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to reduce | alakemlemezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to reduce |