saylarğa
/sajlarʁa/
1. choose, pick out, select, make a choice
- igisin saylarğa — to choose the best one
- ustalıq saylarğa — to choose a profession
- sürüwden eki qoy sayladıq — we chose two sheep from the flock
- sen atnı saylaysa — you choose the horse
- almalanı saylab al — pick out the apples
2. elect (by vote) — Suyunchev and Urusbiev 1965 gives ayırırğa as the Balkar word for this meaning.
- deputatha saylarğa — to elect as a deputy
- Soslannı tamadalıqğa sayladıq — we elected Soslan as leader
- jaŋıdan saylarğa — to re-elect
- saylamay qoyarğa — to fail to elect
- kandidatlanı saylarğa barayıq — let's go to elect the candidates
3. wind, reel, wind up (thread, yarn, rope)
- halını sayla — wind the thread
- halını saylarğa — to wind the thread
- qatın halını saylaydı — the woman is winding the thread
- çille halını saylaybız — we are winding the silk thread
- içegileni saylarğa — to wind up the entrails
4. be choosy, pick and choose, be fussy
- aşarıq saylarğa — to be fussy about food
- saylab tururğa — to keep being fussy
- saylab küreşme — don't be so choosy
- aşarıq saylağan adam — a person who is fussy about food
- asırı saylağandan qatın alalmay turadı — he is so choosy he still can't take a wife
- asırı saylağandan qatın almağandı — he did not take a wife, so choosy was he
5. pick out for oneself, have one's eye on (someone or something)
- kesiŋe börk sayla — pick out a hat for yourself
- qız saylarğa — to have one's eye on a girl
- kelin saylarğa — to pick out a bride
- kesime tükende çuruqla saylab keleme — I picked out shoes for myself in the shop
Expressions
- çegilerin saylarğa — kill someone
- tayaq burunu bla saylarğa — hand-pick the best
Conjugation
Common forms
- saylaydıhe is choosing
- sayladıhe chose
- saylağandıhe has chosen
- saylarhe will choose
- saylarıqdıhe is going to choose
- saylay edihe was choosing
- saylasaif he chooses
- sayla!choose!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensaylaymaI am choosing | sensaylaysayou are choosing | olsaylaydıhe is choosing | bizsaylaybızwe are choosing | sizsaylaysızyou all are choosing | alasaylaydılathey are choosing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensaylamaymaI am not choosing | sensaylamaysayou are not choosing | olsaylamaydıhe is not choosing | bizsaylamaybızwe are not choosing | sizsaylamaysızyou all are not choosing | alasaylamaydılathey are not choosing |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensaylaymamı? saylaymıma?am I choosing? | sensaylaymısa?are you choosing? | olsaylaymıdı?is he choosing? | bizsaylaybızmı? saylaymıbız?are we choosing? | sizsaylaymısız?are you all choosing? | alasaylaymıdıla?are they choosing? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensaylamaymamı? saylamaymıma?aren't I choosing? | sensaylamaymısa?aren't you choosing? | olsaylamaymıdı?isn't he choosing? | bizsaylamaybızmı? saylamaymıbız?aren't we choosing? | sizsaylamaymısız?aren't you all choosing? | alasaylamaymıdıla?aren't they choosing? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensaylawçanmaI usually choose | sensaylawçansayou usually choose | olsaylawçandıhe usually chooses | bizsaylawçanbızwe usually choose | sizsaylawçansızyou all usually choose | alasaylawçandılathey usually choose |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensaylamawçanmaI usually don't choose | sensaylamawçansayou usually don't choose | olsaylamawçandıhe usually doesn't choose | bizsaylamawçanbızwe usually don't choose | sizsaylamawçansızyou all usually don't choose | alasaylamawçandılathey usually don't choose |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensaylawçanmamı? saylawçanmıma?do I usually choose? | sensaylawçanmısa?do you usually choose? | olsaylawçanmıdı?does he usually choose? | bizsaylawçanbızmı? saylawçanmıbız?do we usually choose? | sizsaylawçanmısız?do you all usually choose? | alasaylawçanmıdıla?do they usually choose? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensaylamawçanmamı? saylamawçanmıma?do I usually not choose? | sensaylamawçanmısa?do you usually not choose? | olsaylamawçanmıdı?does he usually not choose? | bizsaylamawçanbızmı? saylamawçanmıbız?do we usually not choose? | sizsaylamawçanmısız?do you all usually not choose? | alasaylamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not choose? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsaylabdıhe has chosen and remains so | alasaylabdılathey have chosen and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsaylabmıdı?has he chosen? | alasaylabmıdıla?have they chosen? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensaylab turamaI keep choosing | sensaylab turasayou keep choosing | olsaylab turadıhe keeps choosing | bizsaylab turabızwe keep choosing | sizsaylab turasızyou all keep choosing | alasaylab turadılathey keep choosing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensaylab turmaymaI don't keep choosing | sensaylab turmaysayou don't keep choosing | olsaylab turmaydıhe doesn't keep choosing | bizsaylab turmaybızwe don't keep choosing | sizsaylab turmaysızyou all don't keep choosing | alasaylab turmaydılathey don't keep choosing |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensaylab turamamı? saylab turamıma?do I keep choosing? | sensaylab turamısa?do you keep choosing? | olsaylab turamıdı?does he keep choosing? | bizsaylab turabızmı? saylab turamıbız?do we keep choosing? | sizsaylab turamısız?do you all keep choosing? | alasaylab turamıdıla?do they keep choosing? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensaylab turmaymamı? saylab turmaymıma?don't I keep choosing? | sensaylab turmaymısa?don't you keep choosing? | olsaylab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep choosing? | bizsaylab turmaybızmı? saylab turmaymıbız?don't we keep choosing? | sizsaylab turmaymısız?don't you all keep choosing? | alasaylab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep choosing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensaylay turamaI am in the middle of choosing | sensaylay turasayou are in the middle of choosing | olsaylay turadıhe is in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay turabızwe are in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay turasızyou all are in the middle of choosing | alasaylay turadılathey are in the middle of choosing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensaylay turmaymaI am not in the middle of choosing | sensaylay turmaysayou are not in the middle of choosing | olsaylay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of choosing | alasaylay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of choosing |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensaylay turamamı? saylay turamıma?am I in the middle of choosing? | sensaylay turamısa?are you in the middle of choosing? | olsaylay turamıdı?is he in the middle of choosing? | bizsaylay turabızmı? saylay turamıbız?are we in the middle of choosing? | sizsaylay turamısız?are you all in the middle of choosing? | alasaylay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of choosing? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensaylay turmaymamı? saylay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of choosing? | sensaylay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of choosing? | olsaylay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of choosing? | bizsaylay turmaybızmı? saylay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of choosing? | sizsaylay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of choosing? | alasaylay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of choosing? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensayladımI chose | sensayladıŋyou chose | olsayladıhe chose | bizsayladıqwe chose | sizsayladığızyou all chose | alasayladılathey chose |
| Simple past (definite) | mensaylamadımI didn't choose | sensaylamadıŋyou didn't choose | olsaylamadıhe didn't choose | bizsaylamadıqwe didn't choose | sizsaylamadığızyou all didn't choose | alasaylamadılathey didn't choose |
| Simple past (definite) | mensayladımmı?did I choose? | sensayladıŋmı?did you choose? | olsayladımı?did he choose? | bizsayladıqmı?did we choose? | sizsayladığızmı?did you all choose? | alasayladılamı?did they choose? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensaylamadımmı?didn't I choose? | sensaylamadıŋmı?didn't you choose? | olsaylamadımı?didn't he choose? | bizsaylamadıqmı?didn't we choose? | sizsaylamadığızmı?didn't you all choose? | alasaylamadılamı?didn't they choose? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensaylağanmaI have chosen | sensaylağansayou have chosen | olsaylağandıhe has chosen | bizsaylağanbızwe have chosen | sizsaylağansızyou all have chosen | alasaylağandılathey have chosen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensaylamağanmaI haven't chosen | sensaylamağansayou haven't chosen | olsaylamağandıhe hasn't chosen | bizsaylamağanbızwe haven't chosen | sizsaylamağansızyou all haven't chosen | alasaylamağandılathey haven't chosen |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensaylağanmamı? saylağanmıma?have I chosen? | sensaylağanmısa?have you chosen? | olsaylağanmıdı?has he chosen? | bizsaylağanbızmı? saylağanmıbız?have we chosen? | sizsaylağanmısız?have you all chosen? | alasaylağanmıdıla?have they chosen? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensaylamağanmamı? saylamağanmıma?haven't I chosen? | sensaylamağanmısa?haven't you chosen? | olsaylamağanmıdı?hasn't he chosen? | bizsaylamağanbızmı? saylamağanmıbız?haven't we chosen? | sizsaylamağanmısız?haven't you all chosen? | alasaylamağanmıdıla?haven't they chosen? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensaylab turdumI kept choosing | sensaylab turduŋyou kept choosing | olsaylab turduhe kept choosing | bizsaylab turduqwe kept choosing | sizsaylab turduğuzyou all kept choosing | alasaylab turdulathey kept choosing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensaylab turmadımI didn't keep choosing | sensaylab turmadıŋyou didn't keep choosing | olsaylab turmadıhe didn't keep choosing | bizsaylab turmadıqwe didn't keep choosing | sizsaylab turmadığızyou all didn't keep choosing | alasaylab turmadılathey didn't keep choosing |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensaylarmaI will choose | sensaylarsayou will choose | olsaylarhe will choose | bizsaylarbızwe will choose | sizsaylarsızyou all will choose | alasaylarlathey will choose |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensaylamazmaI won't choose | sensaylamazsayou won't choose | olsaylamazhe won't choose | bizsaylamazbızwe won't choose | sizsaylamazsızyou all won't choose | alasaylamazlathey won't choose |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensaylarmamı? saylarmıma?will I choose? | sensaylarmısa?will you choose? | olsaylarmı?will he choose? | bizsaylarbızmı? saylarmıbız?will we choose? | sizsaylarmısız?will you all choose? | alasaylarlamı? saylarmıla?will they choose? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensaylamazmamı? saylamazmıma?won't I choose? | sensaylamazmısa?won't you choose? | olsaylamazmı?won't he choose? | bizsaylamazbızmı? saylamazmıbız?won't we choose? | sizsaylamazmısız?won't you all choose? | alasaylamazlamı? saylamazmıla?won't they choose? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensaylarıqmaI am going to choose | sensaylarıqsayou are going to choose | olsaylarıqdıhe is going to choose | bizsaylarıqbızwe are going to choose | sizsaylarıqsızyou all are going to choose | alasaylarıqdılathey are going to choose |
| Definite future (future II) | mensaylarıq tülmeI am not going to choose | sensaylarıq tülseyou are not going to choose | olsaylarıq tüldühe is not going to choose | bizsaylarıq tülbüzwe are not going to choose | sizsaylarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to choose | alasaylarıq tüldülethey are not going to choose |
| Definite future (future II) | mensaylarıqmamı? saylarıqmıma?am I going to choose? | sensaylarıqmısa?are you going to choose? | olsaylarıqmıdı?is he going to choose? | bizsaylarıqbızmı? saylarıqmıbız?are we going to choose? | sizsaylarıqmısız?are you all going to choose? | alasaylarıqmıdıla?are they going to choose? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensaylarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to choose? | sensaylarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to choose? | olsaylarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to choose? | bizsaylarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to choose? | sizsaylarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to choose? | alasaylarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to choose? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensaylağan edimsaylağanemI had chosen | sensaylağan ediŋsaylağaneŋyou had chosen | olsaylağan edisaylağanedhe had chosen | bizsaylağan ediksaylağanekwe had chosen | sizsaylağan edigizsaylağanegizyou all had chosen | alasaylağan edilesaylağanellethey had chosen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensaylamağan edimsaylamağanemI hadn't chosen | sensaylamağan ediŋsaylamağaneŋyou hadn't chosen | olsaylamağan edisaylamağanedhe hadn't chosen | bizsaylamağan ediksaylamağanekwe hadn't chosen | sizsaylamağan edigizsaylamağanegizyou all hadn't chosen | alasaylamağan edilesaylamağanellethey hadn't chosen |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensaylay edimsaylayemI was choosing | sensaylay ediŋsaylayeŋyou were choosing | olsaylay edisaylayedhe was choosing | bizsaylay ediksaylayekwe were choosing | sizsaylay edigizsaylayegizyou all were choosing | alasaylay edilesaylayellethey were choosing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensaylamay edimsaylamayemI wasn't choosing | sensaylamay ediŋsaylamayeŋyou weren't choosing | olsaylamay edisaylamayedhe wasn't choosing | bizsaylamay ediksaylamayekwe weren't choosing | sizsaylamay edigizsaylamayegizyou all weren't choosing | alasaylamay edilesaylamayellethey weren't choosing |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensaylawçan edimsaylawçanemI used to choose | sensaylawçan ediŋsaylawçaneŋyou used to choose | olsaylawçan edisaylawçanedhe used to choose | bizsaylawçan ediksaylawçanekwe used to choose | sizsaylawçan edigizsaylawçanegizyou all used to choose | alasaylawçan edilesaylawçanellethey used to choose |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensaylamawçan edimsaylamawçanemI didn't use to choose | sensaylamawçan ediŋsaylamawçaneŋyou didn't use to choose | olsaylamawçan edisaylamawçanedhe didn't use to choose | bizsaylamawçan ediksaylamawçanekwe didn't use to choose | sizsaylamawçan edigizsaylamawçanegizyou all didn't use to choose | alasaylamawçan edilesaylamawçanellethey didn't use to choose |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsaylab edihe had chosen and remained so | alasaylab edilethey had chosen and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsaylab tül edihe hadn't chosen | alasaylab tül edilethey hadn't chosen | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensaylab tura edimsaylab turaemI had kept choosing | sensaylab tura ediŋsaylab turaeŋyou had kept choosing | olsaylab tura edisaylab turaedhe had kept choosing | bizsaylab tura ediksaylab turaekwe had kept choosing | sizsaylab tura edigizsaylab turaegizyou all had kept choosing | alasaylab tura edilesaylab turaellethey had kept choosing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensaylab turmay edimsaylab turmayemI hadn't kept choosing | sensaylab turmay ediŋsaylab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept choosing | olsaylab turmay edisaylab turmayedhe hadn't kept choosing | bizsaylab turmay ediksaylab turmayekwe hadn't kept choosing | sizsaylab turmay edigizsaylab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept choosing | alasaylab turmay edilesaylab turmayellethey hadn't kept choosing |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensaylay tura edimsaylay turaemI was in the middle of choosing | sensaylay tura ediŋsaylay turaeŋyou were in the middle of choosing | olsaylay tura edisaylay turaedhe was in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay tura ediksaylay turaekwe were in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay tura edigizsaylay turaegizyou all were in the middle of choosing | alasaylay tura edilesaylay turaellethey were in the middle of choosing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensaylay turmay edimsaylay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of choosing | sensaylay turmay ediŋsaylay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of choosing | olsaylay turmay edisaylay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay turmay ediksaylay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay turmay edigizsaylay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of choosing | alasaylay turmay edilesaylay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of choosing |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensaylar edimsaylar emI would choose | sensaylar ediŋsaylar eŋyou would choose | olsaylar edisaylar edhe would choose | bizsaylar ediksaylar ekwe would choose | sizsaylar edigizsaylar egizyou all would choose | alasaylar edilesaylar ellethey would choose |
| Conditional result (would) | mensaylamaz edimsaylamaz emI wouldn't choose | sensaylamaz ediŋsaylamaz eŋyou wouldn't choose | olsaylamaz edisaylamaz edhe wouldn't choose | bizsaylamaz ediksaylamaz ekwe wouldn't choose | sizsaylamaz edigizsaylamaz egizyou all wouldn't choose | alasaylamaz edilesaylamaz ellethey wouldn't choose |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensaylarıq edimsaylarıq emI would have chosen | sensaylarıq ediŋsaylarıq eŋyou would have chosen | olsaylarıq edisaylarıq edhe would have chosen | bizsaylarıq ediksaylarıq ekwe would have chosen | sizsaylarıq edigizsaylarıq egizyou all would have chosen | alasaylarıq edilesaylarıq ellethey would have chosen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensaylarıq tül edimsaylarıq tül emI wouldn't have chosen | sensaylarıq tül ediŋsaylarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have chosen | olsaylarıq tül edisaylarıq tül edhe wouldn't have chosen | bizsaylarıq tül ediksaylarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have chosen | sizsaylarıq tül edigizsaylarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have chosen | alasaylarıq tül edilesaylarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have chosen |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensaylasamif I choose | sensaylasaŋif you choose | olsaylasaif he chooses | bizsaylasaqif we choose | sizsaylasağızif you all choose | alasaylasalaif they choose |
| Conditional | mensaylamasamif I don't choose | sensaylamasaŋif you don't choose | olsaylamasaif he doesn't choose | bizsaylamasaqif we don't choose | sizsaylamasağızif you all don't choose | alasaylamasalaif they don't choose |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensaylay esemif I am choosing | sensaylay eseŋif you are choosing | olsaylay eseif he is choosing | bizsaylay esekif we are choosing | sizsaylay esegizif you all are choosing | alasaylay eseleif they are choosing |
| Conditional, present real | mensaylamay esemif I am not choosing | sensaylamay eseŋif you are not choosing | olsaylamay eseif he is not choosing | bizsaylamay esekif we are not choosing | sizsaylamay esegizif you all are not choosing | alasaylamay eseleif they are not choosing |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensaylasam edisaylasam edif only I chose | sensaylasaŋ edisaylasaŋ edif only you chose | olsaylasa edisaylasaedif only he chose | bizsaylasaq edisaylasaq edif only we chose | sizsaylasağız edisaylasağız edif only you all chose | alasaylasala edisaylasalaedif only they chose |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensaylamasam edisaylamasam edif only I didn't choose | sensaylamasaŋ edisaylamasaŋ edif only you didn't choose | olsaylamasa edisaylamasaedif only he didn't choose | bizsaylamasaq edisaylamasaq edif only we didn't choose | sizsaylamasağız edisaylamasağız edif only you all didn't choose | alasaylamasala edisaylamasalaedif only they didn't choose |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensaylab tursamif I carry on choosing | sensaylab tursaŋif you carry on choosing | olsaylab tursaif he carries on choosing | bizsaylab tursaqif we carry on choosing | sizsaylab tursağızif you all carry on choosing | alasaylab tursalaif they carry on choosing |
| Durative conditional | mensaylab turmasamif I don't carry on choosing | sensaylab turmasaŋif you don't carry on choosing | olsaylab turmasaif he doesn't carry on choosing | bizsaylab turmasaqif we don't carry on choosing | sizsaylab turmasağızif you all don't carry on choosing | alasaylab turmasalaif they don't carry on choosing |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensaylab tura esemif I have kept choosing | sensaylab tura eseŋif you have kept choosing | olsaylab tura eseif he has kept choosing | bizsaylab tura esekif we have kept choosing | sizsaylab tura esegizif you all have kept choosing | alasaylab tura eseleif they have kept choosing |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensaylab turmay esemif I haven't kept choosing | sensaylab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept choosing | olsaylab turmay eseif he hasn't kept choosing | bizsaylab turmay esekif we haven't kept choosing | sizsaylab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept choosing | alasaylab turmay eseleif they haven't kept choosing |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensaylay tursamif I keep choosing | sensaylay tursaŋif you keep choosing | olsaylay tursaif he keeps choosing | bizsaylay tursaqif we keep choosing | sizsaylay tursağızif you all keep choosing | alasaylay tursalaif they keep choosing |
| Progressive conditional | mensaylamay tursamif I keep on not choosing | sensaylamay tursaŋif you keep on not choosing | olsaylamay tursaif he keeps on not choosing | bizsaylamay tursaqif we keep on not choosing | sizsaylamay tursağızif you all keep on not choosing | alasaylamay tursalaif they keep on not choosing |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensaylay tura esemif I am in the middle of choosing | sensaylay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of choosing | olsaylay tura eseif he is in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay tura esekif we are in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of choosing | alasaylay tura eseleif they are in the middle of choosing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensaylamay tura esemif I keep on not choosing | sensaylamay tura eseŋif you keep on not choosing | olsaylamay tura eseif he keeps on not choosing | bizsaylamay tura esekif we keep on not choosing | sizsaylamay tura esegizif you all keep on not choosing | alasaylamay tura eseleif they keep on not choosing |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensayladım esemif I chose | sensayladıŋ eseŋif you chose | olsayladı eseif he chose | bizsayladıq esekif we chose | sizsayladığız esegizif you all chose | alasayladıla eseleif they chose |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensaylamadım esemif I didn't choose | sensaylamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't choose | olsaylamadı eseif he didn't choose | bizsaylamadıq esekif we didn't choose | sizsaylamadığız esegizif you all didn't choose | alasaylamadıla eseleif they didn't choose |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensaylağan esemif I did choose (indeed) | sensaylağan eseŋif you did choose (indeed) | olsaylağan eseif he did choose (indeed) | bizsaylağan esekif we did choose (indeed) | sizsaylağan esegizif you all did choose (indeed) | alasaylağan eseleif they did choose (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensaylamağan esemif I didn't choose (indeed) | sensaylamağan eseŋif you didn't choose (indeed) | olsaylamağan eseif he didn't choose (indeed) | bizsaylamağan esekif we didn't choose (indeed) | sizsaylamağan esegizif you all didn't choose (indeed) | alasaylamağan eseleif they didn't choose (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensaylağan bolsamif I had chosen | sensaylağan bolsaŋif you had chosen | olsaylağan bolsaif he had chosen | bizsaylağan bolsaqif we had chosen | sizsaylağan bolsağızif you all had chosen | alasaylağan bolsalaif they had chosen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensaylamağan bolsamif I hadn't chosen | sensaylamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't chosen | olsaylamağan bolsaif he hadn't chosen | bizsaylamağan bolsaqif we hadn't chosen | sizsaylamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't chosen | alasaylamağan bolsalaif they hadn't chosen |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensaylağan bolsam edisaylağan bolsam edif only I had chosen | sensaylağan bolsaŋ edisaylağan bolsaŋ edif only you had chosen | olsaylağan bolsa edisaylağan bolsaedif only he had chosen | bizsaylağan bolsaq edisaylağan bolsaq edif only we had chosen | sizsaylağan bolsağız edisaylağan bolsağız edif only you all had chosen | alasaylağan bolsala edisaylağan bolsalaedif only they had chosen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensaylamağan bolsam edisaylamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't chosen | sensaylamağan bolsaŋ edisaylamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't chosen | olsaylamağan bolsa edisaylamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't chosen | bizsaylamağan bolsaq edisaylamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't chosen | sizsaylamağan bolsağız edisaylamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't chosen | alasaylamağan bolsala edisaylamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't chosen |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensaylar esemif I will choose | sensaylar eseŋif you will choose | olsaylar eseif he will choose | bizsaylar esekif we will choose | sizsaylar esegizif you all will choose | alasaylar eseleif they will choose |
| Conditional, aorist | mensaylamaz esemif I won't choose | sensaylamaz eseŋif you won't choose | olsaylamaz eseif he won't choose | bizsaylamaz esekif we won't choose | sizsaylamaz esegizif you all won't choose | alasaylamaz eseleif they won't choose |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensaylarıq esemif I am going to choose | sensaylarıq eseŋif you are going to choose | olsaylarıq eseif he is going to choose | bizsaylarıq esekif we are going to choose | sizsaylarıq esegizif you all are going to choose | alasaylarıq eseleif they are going to choose |
| Conditional, future | mensaylarıq tül esemif I am not going to choose | sensaylarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to choose | olsaylarıq tül eseif he is not going to choose | bizsaylarıq tül esekif we are not going to choose | sizsaylarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to choose | alasaylarıq tül eseleif they are not going to choose |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensaylarıq bolsamif I were going to choose | sensaylarıq bolsaŋif you were going to choose | olsaylarıq bolsaif he were going to choose | bizsaylarıq bolsaqif we were going to choose | sizsaylarıq bolsağızif you all were going to choose | alasaylarıq bolsalaif they were going to choose |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensaylamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to choose | sensaylamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to choose | olsaylamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to choose | bizsaylamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to choose | sizsaylamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to choose | alasaylamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to choose |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso sayladıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensaylay bolurmaI must be choosing | sensaylay bolursayou must be choosing | olsaylay bolurhe must be choosing | bizsaylay bolurbuzwe must be choosing | sizsaylay bolursuzyou all must be choosing | alasaylay bolurlathey must be choosing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensaylamay bolurmaI must not be choosing | sensaylamay bolursayou must not be choosing | olsaylamay bolurhe must not be choosing | bizsaylamay bolurbuzwe must not be choosing | sizsaylamay bolursuzyou all must not be choosing | alasaylamay bolurlathey must not be choosing |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensaylay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of choosing | sensaylay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of choosing | olsaylay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of choosing | alasaylay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of choosing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensaylamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not choosing | sensaylamay tura bolursayou must keep on not choosing | olsaylamay tura bolurhe must keep on not choosing | bizsaylamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not choosing | sizsaylamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not choosing | alasaylamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not choosing |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensaylağan bolurmaI must have chosen | sensaylağan bolursayou must have chosen | olsaylağan bolurhe must have chosen | bizsaylağan bolurbuzwe must have chosen | sizsaylağan bolursuzyou all must have chosen | alasaylağan bolurlathey must have chosen |
| Inference (must have) | mensaylamağan bolurmaI must not have chosen | sensaylamağan bolursayou must not have chosen | olsaylamağan bolurhe must not have chosen | bizsaylamağan bolurbuzwe must not have chosen | sizsaylamağan bolursuzyou all must not have chosen | alasaylamağan bolurlathey must not have chosen |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensaylarıq bolurmaI must be going to choose | sensaylarıq bolursayou must be going to choose | olsaylarıq bolurhe must be going to choose | bizsaylarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to choose | sizsaylarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to choose | alasaylarıq bolurlathey must be going to choose |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensaylamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to choose | sensaylamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to choose | olsaylamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to choose | bizsaylamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to choose | sizsaylamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to choose | alasaylamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to choose |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensaylayımlet me choose | sensayla!choose! | olsaylasınlet him choose | bizsaylayıqlet's choose | sizsaylağız!choose, you all! | alasaylasınlalet them choose |
| Commands & suggestions | mensaylamayımlet me not choose | sensaylama!don't choose! | olsaylamasınlet him not choose | bizsaylamayıqlet's not choose | sizsaylamağız!don't choose, you all! | alasaylamasınlalet them not choose |
| Commands & suggestions | mensaylayımmı?shall I choose? | olsaylasınmı?should he choose? | bizsaylayıqmı?shall we choose? | alasaylasınlamı?should they choose? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensaylamayımmı?shall I not choose? | olsaylamasınmı?should he not choose? | bizsaylamayıqmı?shall we not choose? | alasaylamasınlamı?should they not choose? | ||
| Requests | sensaylaçı2saylaçınplease choose | olsaylasınçıdo let him choose | sizsaylaçığızplease choose (plural/polite) | alasaylasınlaçıdo let them choose | ||
| Requests | sensaylamaçı2saylamaçınplease don't choose | olsaylamasınçıdo let him not choose | sizsaylamaçığızplease don't choose (plural/polite) | alasaylamasınlaçıdo let them not choose | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensaylağınsaylağımay you choose | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensaylamağınsaylamağımay you not choose | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensaylağay edim saylağa edimwould that I chose | sensaylağay ediŋ saylağa ediŋwould that you chose | olsaylağay edi saylağa ediwould that he chose | bizsaylağay edik saylağa edikwould that we chose | sizsaylağay edigiz saylağa edigizwould that you all chose | alasaylağay edile saylağa edilewould that they chose |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensaylamağay edim saylamağa edimwould that I did not choose | sensaylamağay ediŋ saylamağa ediŋwould that you did not choose | olsaylamağay edi saylamağa ediwould that he did not choose | bizsaylamağay edik saylamağa edikwould that we did not choose | sizsaylamağay edigiz saylamağa edigizwould that you all did not choose | alasaylamağay edile saylamağa edilewould that they did not choose |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensaylamağa qoyayımsaylama qoyayımlet me allow someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoy!saylama qoy!let someone choose! | olsaylamağa qoysunsaylama qoysunlet him allow someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoyayıqsaylama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoyuğuz!saylama qoyuğuz!let someone choose, you all! | alasaylamağa qoysunlasaylama qoysunlalet them allow someone to choose |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensaylamağa qoymayımsaylama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoyma!saylama qoyma!don't let someone choose! | olsaylamağa qoymasınsaylama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoymayıqsaylama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoymağız!saylama qoymağız!don't let someone choose, you all! | alasaylamağa qoymasınlasaylama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to choose |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensaylamağa qoyayımmı?saylama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoysunmu?saylama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoyayıqmı?saylama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoysunlamı?saylama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to choose? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensaylamağa qoymayımmı?saylama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoymasınmı?saylama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoymayıqmı?saylama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoymasınlamı?saylama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to choose? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensaylamağa qoyamasaylama qoyamaI allow someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoyasasaylama qoyasayou allow someone to choose | olsaylamağa qoyadısaylama qoyadıhe allows someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoyabızsaylama qoyabızwe allow someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoyasızsaylama qoyasızyou all allow someone to choose | alasaylamağa qoyadılasaylama qoyadılathey allow someone to choose |
| Let someone… (present) | mensaylamağa qoymaymasaylama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoymaysasaylama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to choose | olsaylamağa qoymaydısaylama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoymaybızsaylama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoymaysızsaylama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to choose | alasaylamağa qoymaydılasaylama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to choose |
| Let someone… (present) | mensaylamağa qoyamamı?saylama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to choose? | sensaylamağa qoyamısa?saylama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoyamıdı?saylama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoyabızmı?saylama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to choose? | sizsaylamağa qoyamısız?saylama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoyamıdıla?saylama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to choose? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensaylamağa qoymaymamı?saylama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to choose? | sensaylamağa qoymaymısa?saylama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoymaymıdı?saylama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoymaybızmı?saylama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to choose? | sizsaylamağa qoymaymısız?saylama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoymaymıdıla?saylama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to choose? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensaylamağa qoydumsaylama qoydumI allowed someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoyduŋsaylama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to choose | olsaylamağa qoydusaylama qoyduhe allowed someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoyduqsaylama qoyduqwe allowed someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoyduğuzsaylama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to choose | alasaylamağa qoydulasaylama qoydulathey allowed someone to choose |
| Let someone… (past) | mensaylamağa qoymadımsaylama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to choose | sensaylamağa qoymadıŋsaylama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to choose | olsaylamağa qoymadısaylama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to choose | bizsaylamağa qoymadıqsaylama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to choose | sizsaylamağa qoymadığızsaylama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to choose | alasaylamağa qoymadılasaylama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to choose |
| Let someone… (past) | mensaylamağa qoydummu?saylama qoydummu?did I allow someone to choose? | sensaylamağa qoyduŋmu?saylama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoydumu?saylama qoydumu?did he allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoyduqmu?saylama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to choose? | sizsaylamağa qoyduğuzmu?saylama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoydulamı?saylama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to choose? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensaylamağa qoymadımmı?saylama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to choose? | sensaylamağa qoymadıŋmı?saylama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to choose? | olsaylamağa qoymadımı?saylama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to choose? | bizsaylamağa qoymadıqmı?saylama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to choose? | sizsaylamağa qoymadığızmı?saylama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to choose? | alasaylamağa qoymadılamı?saylama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to choose? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
saylayalırğa be able to choose · saylayalmazğa be unable to choose
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensaylayalamaI can choose | sensaylayalasayou can choose | olsaylayaladıhe can choose | bizsaylayalabızwe can choose | sizsaylayalasızyou all can choose | alasaylayaladılathey can choose |
| Ability — present | mensaylayalmaymaI can't choose | sensaylayalmaysayou can't choose | olsaylayalmaydıhe can't choose | bizsaylayalmaybızwe can't choose | sizsaylayalmaysızyou all can't choose | alasaylayalmaydılathey can't choose |
| Ability — present | mensaylayalamamı? saylayalamıma?can I choose? | sensaylayalamısa?can you choose? | olsaylayalamıdı?can he choose? | bizsaylayalabızmı? saylayalamıbız?can we choose? | sizsaylayalamısız?can you all choose? | alasaylayalamıdıla?can they choose? |
| Ability — present | mensaylayalmaymamı? saylayalmaymıma?can't I choose? | sensaylayalmaymısa?can't you choose? | olsaylayalmaymıdı?can't he choose? | bizsaylayalmaybızmı? saylayalmaymıbız?can't we choose? | sizsaylayalmaymısız?can't you all choose? | alasaylayalmaymıdıla?can't they choose? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensaylayalsamif I can choose | sensaylayalsaŋif you can choose | olsaylayalsaif he can choose | bizsaylayalsaqif we can choose | sizsaylayalsağızif you all can choose | alasaylayalsalaif they can choose |
| Ability — if I can… | mensaylayalmasamif I can't choose | sensaylayalmasaŋif you can't choose | olsaylayalmasaif he can't choose | bizsaylayalmasaqif we can't choose | sizsaylayalmasağızif you all can't choose | alasaylayalmasalaif they can't choose |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensaylayaldımI was able to choose | sensaylayaldıŋyou were able to choose | olsaylayaldıhe was able to choose | bizsaylayaldıqwe were able to choose | sizsaylayaldığızyou all were able to choose | alasaylayaldılathey were able to choose |
| Ability — simple past | mensaylayalmadımI could not choose | sensaylayalmadıŋyou could not choose | olsaylayalmadıhe could not choose | bizsaylayalmadıqwe could not choose | sizsaylayalmadığızyou all could not choose | alasaylayalmadılathey could not choose |
| Ability — simple past | mensaylayaldımmı?was I able to choose? | sensaylayaldıŋmı?were you able to choose? | olsaylayaldımı?was he able to choose? | bizsaylayaldıqmı?were we able to choose? | sizsaylayaldığızmı?were you all able to choose? | alasaylayaldılamı?were they able to choose? |
| Ability — simple past | mensaylayalmadımmı?couldn't I choose? | sensaylayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you choose? | olsaylayalmadımı?couldn't he choose? | bizsaylayalmadıqmı?couldn't we choose? | sizsaylayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all choose? | alasaylayalmadılamı?couldn't they choose? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensaylayalğanmaI have been able to choose | sensaylayalğansayou have been able to choose | olsaylayalğandıhe has been able to choose | bizsaylayalğanbızwe have been able to choose | sizsaylayalğansızyou all have been able to choose | alasaylayalğandılathey have been able to choose |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensaylayalmağanmaI haven't been able to choose | sensaylayalmağansayou haven't been able to choose | olsaylayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to choose | bizsaylayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to choose | sizsaylayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to choose | alasaylayalmağandılathey haven't been able to choose |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensaylayalğanmamı? saylayalğanmıma?have I been able to choose? | sensaylayalğanmısa?have you been able to choose? | olsaylayalğanmıdı?has he been able to choose? | bizsaylayalğanbızmı? saylayalğanmıbız?have we been able to choose? | sizsaylayalğanmısız?have you all been able to choose? | alasaylayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to choose? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensaylayalmağanmamı? saylayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to choose? | sensaylayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to choose? | olsaylayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to choose? | bizsaylayalmağanbızmı? saylayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to choose? | sizsaylayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to choose? | alasaylayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to choose? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensaylayalğan edimsaylayalğanemI had been able to choose | sensaylayalğan ediŋsaylayalğaneŋyou had been able to choose | olsaylayalğan edisaylayalğanedhe had been able to choose | bizsaylayalğan ediksaylayalğanekwe had been able to choose | sizsaylayalğan edigizsaylayalğanegizyou all had been able to choose | alasaylayalğan edilesaylayalğanellethey had been able to choose |
| Ability — past perfect | mensaylayalmağan edimsaylayalmağanemI hadn't been able to choose | sensaylayalmağan ediŋsaylayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to choose | olsaylayalmağan edisaylayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to choose | bizsaylayalmağan ediksaylayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to choose | sizsaylayalmağan edigizsaylayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to choose | alasaylayalmağan edilesaylayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to choose |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensaylayala edimsaylayalaemI could choose | sensaylayala ediŋsaylayalaeŋyou could choose | olsaylayala edisaylayalaedhe could choose | bizsaylayala ediksaylayalaekwe could choose | sizsaylayala edigizsaylayalaegizyou all could choose | alasaylayala edilesaylayalaellethey could choose |
| Ability — past background | mensaylayalmay edimsaylayalmayemI could not choose | sensaylayalmay ediŋsaylayalmayeŋyou could not choose | olsaylayalmay edisaylayalmayedhe could not choose | bizsaylayalmay ediksaylayalmayekwe could not choose | sizsaylayalmay edigizsaylayalmayegizyou all could not choose | alasaylayalmay edilesaylayalmayellethey could not choose |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensaylayalırmaI will be able to choose | sensaylayalırsayou will be able to choose | olsaylayalırhe will be able to choose | bizsaylayalırbızwe will be able to choose | sizsaylayalırsızyou all will be able to choose | alasaylayalırlathey will be able to choose |
| Ability — future I | mensaylayalmazmaI won't be able to choose | sensaylayalmazsayou won't be able to choose | olsaylayalmazhe won't be able to choose | bizsaylayalmazbızwe won't be able to choose | sizsaylayalmazsızyou all won't be able to choose | alasaylayalmazlathey won't be able to choose |
| Ability — future I | mensaylayalırmamı? saylayalırmıma?will I be able to choose? | sensaylayalırmısa?will you be able to choose? | olsaylayalırmı?will he be able to choose? | bizsaylayalırbızmı? saylayalırmıbız?will we be able to choose? | sizsaylayalırmısız?will you all be able to choose? | alasaylayalırlamı? saylayalırmıla?will they be able to choose? |
| Ability — future I | mensaylayalmazmamı? saylayalmazmıma?won't I be able to choose? | sensaylayalmazmısa?won't you be able to choose? | olsaylayalmazmı?won't he be able to choose? | bizsaylayalmazbızmı? saylayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to choose? | sizsaylayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to choose? | alasaylayalmazlamı? saylayalmazmıla?won't they be able to choose? |
| Ability — future II | mensaylayallıqmaI am going to be able to choose | sensaylayallıqsayou are going to be able to choose | olsaylayallıqdıhe is going to be able to choose | bizsaylayallıqbızwe are going to be able to choose | sizsaylayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to choose | alasaylayallıqdılathey are going to be able to choose |
| Ability — future II | mensaylayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to choose | sensaylayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to choose | olsaylayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to choose | bizsaylayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to choose | sizsaylayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to choose | alasaylayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to choose |
| Ability — future II | mensaylayallıqmamı? saylayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to choose? | sensaylayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to choose? | olsaylayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to choose? | bizsaylayallıqbızmı? saylayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to choose? | sizsaylayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to choose? | alasaylayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to choose? |
| Ability — future II | mensaylayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to choose? | sensaylayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to choose? | olsaylayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to choose? | bizsaylayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to choose? | sizsaylayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to choose? | alasaylayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to choose? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensaylayalır edimsaylayalır emI would be able to choose | sensaylayalır ediŋsaylayalır eŋyou would be able to choose | olsaylayalır edisaylayalır edhe would be able to choose | bizsaylayalır ediksaylayalır ekwe would be able to choose | sizsaylayalır edigizsaylayalır egizyou all would be able to choose | alasaylayalır edilesaylayalır ellethey would be able to choose |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensaylayalmaz edimsaylayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to choose | sensaylayalmaz ediŋsaylayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to choose | olsaylayalmaz edisaylayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to choose | bizsaylayalmaz ediksaylayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to choose | sizsaylayalmaz edigizsaylayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to choose | alasaylayalmaz edilesaylayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to choose |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensaylayalğınsaylayalğımay you be able to choose | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensaylayalmağınsaylayalmağımay you not be able to choose | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensaylarğa izleymeI want to choose | sensaylarğa izleyseyou want to choose | olsaylarğa izleydihe wants to choose | bizsaylarğa izleybizwe want to choose | sizsaylarğa izleysizyou all want to choose | alasaylarğa izleydilethey want to choose |
| want to | mensaylarğa izlemeymeI do not want to choose | sensaylarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to choose | olsaylarğa izlemeydihe does not want to choose | bizsaylarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to choose | sizsaylarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to choose | alasaylarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to choose |
| would like to | mensaylarğa süemeI would like to choose | sensaylarğa süeseyou would like to choose | olsaylarğa süedihe would like to choose | bizsaylarğa süebizwe would like to choose | sizsaylarğa süesizyou all would like to choose | alasaylarğa süedilethey would like to choose |
| would like to | mensaylarğa süymeymeI would not like to choose | sensaylarğa süymeyseyou would not like to choose | olsaylarğa süymeydihe would not like to choose | bizsaylarğa süymeybizwe would not like to choose | sizsaylarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to choose | alasaylarğa süymeydilethey would not like to choose |
| hope to | mensaylarğa umutlanamaI hope to choose | sensaylarğa umutlanasayou hope to choose | olsaylarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to choose | bizsaylarğa umutlanabızwe hope to choose | sizsaylarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to choose | alasaylarğa umutlanadılathey hope to choose |
| hope to | mensaylarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to choose | sensaylarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to choose | olsaylarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to choose | bizsaylarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to choose | sizsaylarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to choose | alasaylarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to choose |
| be about to | mensaylarğa deb turamaI am about to choose | sensaylarğa deb turasayou are about to choose | olsaylarğa deb turadıhe is about to choose | bizsaylarğa deb turabızwe are about to choose | sizsaylarğa deb turasızyou all are about to choose | alasaylarğa deb turadılathey are about to choose |
| be about to | mensaylarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to choose | sensaylarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to choose | olsaylarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to choose | bizsaylarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to choose | sizsaylarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to choose | alasaylarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to choose |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensaylarğa kerekmeI need to choose | sensaylarğa kerekseyou need to choose | olsaylarğa kerekdihe needs to choose | bizsaylarğa kerekbizwe need to choose | sizsaylarğa kereksizyou all need to choose | alasaylarğa kerekdilethey need to choose |
| need to | mensaylarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to choose | sensaylarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to choose | olsaylarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to choose | bizsaylarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to choose | sizsaylarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to choose | alasaylarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to choose |
| have to | menmenŋe saylarğa tüşediI have to choose | sensenŋe saylarğa tüşediyou have to choose | olaŋa saylarğa tüşedihe has to choose | bizbizge saylarğa tüşediwe have to choose | sizsizge saylarğa tüşediyou all have to choose | alaalağa saylarğa tüşedithey have to choose |
| have to | menmenŋe saylarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to choose | sensenŋe saylarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to choose | olaŋa saylarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to choose | bizbizge saylarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to choose | sizsizge saylarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to choose | alaalağa saylarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to choose |
| be obliged to | mensaylarğa borçlumaI am obliged to choose | sensaylarğa borçlusayou are obliged to choose | olsaylarğa borçluduhe is obliged to choose | bizsaylarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to choose | sizsaylarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to choose | alasaylarğa borçludulathey are obliged to choose |
| be obliged to | mensaylarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to choose | sensaylarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to choose | olsaylarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to choose | bizsaylarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to choose | sizsaylarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to choose | alasaylarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to choose |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensaylarğa madarım bardıI have a way to choose | sensaylarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to choose | olsaylarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to choose | bizsaylarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to choose | sizsaylarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to choose | alasaylarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to choose |
| have a way to | mensaylarğa madarım joqduI have no way to choose | sensaylarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to choose | olsaylarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to choose | bizsaylarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to choose | sizsaylarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to choose | alasaylarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to choose |
| be free to | mensaylarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to choose | sensaylarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to choose | olsaylarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to choose | bizsaylarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to choose | sizsaylarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to choose | alasaylarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to choose |
| be free to | mensaylarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to choose | sensaylarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to choose | olsaylarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to choose | bizsaylarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to choose | sizsaylarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to choose | alasaylarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to choose |
| be possible to | menmenŋe saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to choose | sensenŋe saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to choose | olaŋa saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to choose | bizbizge saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to choose | sizsizge saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to choose | alaalağa saylarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to choose |
| be possible to | menmenŋe saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to choose | sensenŋe saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to choose | olaŋa saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to choose | bizbizge saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to choose | sizsizge saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to choose | alaalağa saylarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to choose |
| be ready to | mensaylarğa hazırmaI am ready to choose | sensaylarğa hazırsayou are ready to choose | olsaylarğa hazırdıhe is ready to choose | bizsaylarğa hazırbızwe are ready to choose | sizsaylarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to choose | alasaylarğa hazırdılathey are ready to choose |
| be ready to | mensaylarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to choose | sensaylarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to choose | olsaylarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to choose | bizsaylarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to choose | sizsaylarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to choose | alasaylarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to choose |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensaylarğa küreşemeI am trying to choose | sensaylarğa küreşeseyou are trying to choose | olsaylarğa küreşedihe is trying to choose | bizsaylarğa küreşebizwe are trying to choose | sizsaylarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to choose | alasaylarğa küreşedilethey are trying to choose |
| try to | mensaylarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to choose | sensaylarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to choose | olsaylarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to choose | bizsaylarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to choose | sizsaylarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to choose | alasaylarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to choose |
| agree to | mensaylarğa unaymaI agree to choose | sensaylarğa unaysayou agree to choose | olsaylarğa unaydıhe agrees to choose | bizsaylarğa unaybızwe agree to choose | sizsaylarğa unaysızyou all agree to choose | alasaylarğa unaydılathey agree to choose |
| agree to | mensaylarğa unamaymaI refuse to choose | sensaylarğa unamaysayou refuse to choose | olsaylarğa unamaydıhe refuses to choose | bizsaylarğa unamaybızwe refuse to choose | sizsaylarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to choose | alasaylarğa unamaydılathey refuse to choose |
| hurry to | mensaylarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to choose | sensaylarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to choose | olsaylarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to choose | bizsaylarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to choose | sizsaylarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to choose | alasaylarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to choose |
| hurry to | mensaylarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to choose | sensaylarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to choose | olsaylarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to choose | bizsaylarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to choose | sizsaylarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to choose | alasaylarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to choose |
| be afraid to | mensaylarğa qorqamaI am afraid to choose | sensaylarğa qorqasayou are afraid to choose | olsaylarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to choose | bizsaylarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to choose | sizsaylarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to choose | alasaylarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to choose |
| be afraid to | mensaylarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to choose | sensaylarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to choose | olsaylarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to choose | bizsaylarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to choose | sizsaylarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to choose | alasaylarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to choose |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensaylay bolmazmaI can't be choosing | sensaylay bolmazsayou can't be choosing | olsaylay bolmazhe can't be choosing | bizsaylay bolmazbızwe can't be choosing | sizsaylay bolmazsızyou all can't be choosing | alasaylay bolmazlathey can't be choosing |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensaylamay bolmazmaI must be choosing (emphatic) | sensaylamay bolmazsayou must be choosing (emphatic) | olsaylamay bolmazhe must be choosing (emphatic) | bizsaylamay bolmazbızwe must be choosing (emphatic) | sizsaylamay bolmazsızyou all must be choosing (emphatic) | alasaylamay bolmazlathey must be choosing (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensaylay turmasamif I don't keep choosing | sensaylay turmasaŋif you don't keep choosing | olsaylay turmasaif he doesn't keep choosing | bizsaylay turmasaqif we don't keep choosing | sizsaylay turmasağızif you all don't keep choosing | alasaylay turmasalaif they don't keep choosing |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensaylay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of choosing | sensaylay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of choosing | olsaylay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of choosing | bizsaylay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of choosing | sizsaylay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of choosing | alasaylay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of choosing |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensaylamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not choosing (emphatic) | sensaylamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not choosing (emphatic) | olsaylamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not choosing (emphatic) | bizsaylamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not choosing (emphatic) | sizsaylamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not choosing (emphatic) | alasaylamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not choosing (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensaylamay turamaI keep on not choosing | sensaylamay turasayou keep on not choosing | olsaylamay turadıhe keeps on not choosing | bizsaylamay turabızwe keep on not choosing | sizsaylamay turasızyou all keep on not choosing | alasaylamay turadılathey keep on not choosing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensaylamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not choosing | sensaylamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not choosing | olsaylamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not choosing | bizsaylamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not choosing | sizsaylamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not choosing | alasaylamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not choosing |
| Progressive — double negation | mensaylamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not choosing? | sensaylamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not choosing? | olsaylamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not choosing? | bizsaylamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not choosing? | sizsaylamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not choosing? | alasaylamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not choosing? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensaylağan bolmazmaI can't have chosen | sensaylağan bolmazsayou can't have chosen | olsaylağan bolmazhe can't have chosen | bizsaylağan bolmazbızwe can't have chosen | sizsaylağan bolmazsızyou all can't have chosen | alasaylağan bolmazlathey can't have chosen |
| Inference — double negation | mensaylamağan bolmazmaI must have chosen (emphatic) | sensaylamağan bolmazsayou must have chosen (emphatic) | olsaylamağan bolmazhe must have chosen (emphatic) | bizsaylamağan bolmazbızwe must have chosen (emphatic) | sizsaylamağan bolmazsızyou all must have chosen (emphatic) | alasaylamağan bolmazlathey must have chosen (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensaylağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had chosen | sensaylağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had chosen | olsaylağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had chosen | bizsaylağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had chosen | sizsaylağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had chosen | alasaylağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had chosen |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensaylamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't chosen | sensaylamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't chosen | olsaylamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't chosen | bizsaylamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't chosen | sizsaylamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't chosen | alasaylamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't chosen |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensaylarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to choose | sensaylarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to choose | olsaylarıq bolmazhe can't be going to choose | bizsaylarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to choose | sizsaylarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to choose | alasaylarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to choose |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensaylamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to choose (emphatic) | sensaylamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to choose (emphatic) | olsaylamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to choose (emphatic) | bizsaylamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to choose (emphatic) | sizsaylamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to choose (emphatic) | alasaylamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to choose (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensaylarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to choose | sensaylarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to choose | olsaylarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to choose | bizsaylarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to choose | sizsaylarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to choose | alasaylarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to choose |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensaylamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to choose | sensaylamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to choose | olsaylamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to choose | bizsaylamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to choose | sizsaylamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to choose | alasaylamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to choose |