sarnarğa
/sarnarʁa/
1. lament, keen, wail over the dead; weep aloud — The person mourned is in the dative: ölgenŋe sarnarğa "lament the dead".
- ölgenŋe sarnarğa — to keen over the dead
- açı sarnarğa — to wail bitterly
- sarnab başlarğa — to break into keening
- ana ölgen jaşına sarnaydı — the mother keens over her dead son
- ölgenŋe açı sarnadıla — they keened bitterly over the dead man
2. complain, bemoan, whine
- kereksizni sarnay tururğa — to pour out empty complaints
- kün sayın sarnaydı — he whines day after day
- ne üçün sarnaysa? — why are you complaining?
- qarnaşım köb sarnadı — my brother complained a lot
3. howl, wail (of wind or a blizzard) one source
- boran sarnaydı — the blizzard howls
- jel sarnaydı — the wind wails
- keçe jel sarnay edi — at night the wind was wailing
- qış boran ojaqdan köb sarnağandı — the winter blizzard has wailed long in the chimney
- qış boran uluydu, sarnab — the winter blizzard howls, wailing
Conjugation
Common forms
- sarnaydıhe is lamenting
- sarnadıhe lamented
- sarnağandıhe has lamented
- sarnarhe will lament
- sarnarıqdıhe is going to lament
- sarnay edihe was lamenting
- sarnasaif he laments
- sarna!lament!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarnaymaI am lamenting | sensarnaysayou are lamenting | olsarnaydıhe is lamenting | bizsarnaybızwe are lamenting | sizsarnaysızyou all are lamenting | alasarnaydılathey are lamenting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarnamaymaI am not lamenting | sensarnamaysayou are not lamenting | olsarnamaydıhe is not lamenting | bizsarnamaybızwe are not lamenting | sizsarnamaysızyou all are not lamenting | alasarnamaydılathey are not lamenting |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarnaymamı? sarnaymıma?am I lamenting? | sensarnaymısa?are you lamenting? | olsarnaymıdı?is he lamenting? | bizsarnaybızmı? sarnaymıbız?are we lamenting? | sizsarnaymısız?are you all lamenting? | alasarnaymıdıla?are they lamenting? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mensarnamaymamı? sarnamaymıma?aren't I lamenting? | sensarnamaymısa?aren't you lamenting? | olsarnamaymıdı?isn't he lamenting? | bizsarnamaybızmı? sarnamaymıbız?aren't we lamenting? | sizsarnamaymısız?aren't you all lamenting? | alasarnamaymıdıla?aren't they lamenting? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarnawçanmaI usually lament | sensarnawçansayou usually lament | olsarnawçandıhe usually laments | bizsarnawçanbızwe usually lament | sizsarnawçansızyou all usually lament | alasarnawçandılathey usually lament |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarnamawçanmaI usually don't lament | sensarnamawçansayou usually don't lament | olsarnamawçandıhe usually doesn't lament | bizsarnamawçanbızwe usually don't lament | sizsarnamawçansızyou all usually don't lament | alasarnamawçandılathey usually don't lament |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarnawçanmamı? sarnawçanmıma?do I usually lament? | sensarnawçanmısa?do you usually lament? | olsarnawçanmıdı?does he usually lament? | bizsarnawçanbızmı? sarnawçanmıbız?do we usually lament? | sizsarnawçanmısız?do you all usually lament? | alasarnawçanmıdıla?do they usually lament? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mensarnamawçanmamı? sarnamawçanmıma?do I usually not lament? | sensarnamawçanmısa?do you usually not lament? | olsarnamawçanmıdı?does he usually not lament? | bizsarnamawçanbızmı? sarnamawçanmıbız?do we usually not lament? | sizsarnamawçanmısız?do you all usually not lament? | alasarnamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not lament? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsarnabdıhe has lamented and remains so | alasarnabdılathey have lamented and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olsarnabmıdı?has he lamented? | alasarnabmıdıla?have they lamented? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarnab turamaI keep lamenting | sensarnab turasayou keep lamenting | olsarnab turadıhe keeps lamenting | bizsarnab turabızwe keep lamenting | sizsarnab turasızyou all keep lamenting | alasarnab turadılathey keep lamenting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarnab turmaymaI don't keep lamenting | sensarnab turmaysayou don't keep lamenting | olsarnab turmaydıhe doesn't keep lamenting | bizsarnab turmaybızwe don't keep lamenting | sizsarnab turmaysızyou all don't keep lamenting | alasarnab turmaydılathey don't keep lamenting |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarnab turamamı? sarnab turamıma?do I keep lamenting? | sensarnab turamısa?do you keep lamenting? | olsarnab turamıdı?does he keep lamenting? | bizsarnab turabızmı? sarnab turamıbız?do we keep lamenting? | sizsarnab turamısız?do you all keep lamenting? | alasarnab turamıdıla?do they keep lamenting? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mensarnab turmaymamı? sarnab turmaymıma?don't I keep lamenting? | sensarnab turmaymısa?don't you keep lamenting? | olsarnab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep lamenting? | bizsarnab turmaybızmı? sarnab turmaymıbız?don't we keep lamenting? | sizsarnab turmaymısız?don't you all keep lamenting? | alasarnab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep lamenting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarnay turamaI am in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay turasayou are in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay turadıhe is in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay turabızwe are in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay turasızyou all are in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay turadılathey are in the middle of lamenting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarnay turmaymaI am not in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay turmaysayou are not in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of lamenting |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarnay turamamı? sarnay turamıma?am I in the middle of lamenting? | sensarnay turamısa?are you in the middle of lamenting? | olsarnay turamıdı?is he in the middle of lamenting? | bizsarnay turabızmı? sarnay turamıbız?are we in the middle of lamenting? | sizsarnay turamısız?are you all in the middle of lamenting? | alasarnay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of lamenting? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mensarnay turmaymamı? sarnay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of lamenting? | sensarnay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of lamenting? | olsarnay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of lamenting? | bizsarnay turmaybızmı? sarnay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of lamenting? | sizsarnay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of lamenting? | alasarnay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of lamenting? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarnadımI lamented | sensarnadıŋyou lamented | olsarnadıhe lamented | bizsarnadıqwe lamented | sizsarnadığızyou all lamented | alasarnadılathey lamented |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarnamadımI didn't lament | sensarnamadıŋyou didn't lament | olsarnamadıhe didn't lament | bizsarnamadıqwe didn't lament | sizsarnamadığızyou all didn't lament | alasarnamadılathey didn't lament |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarnadımmı?did I lament? | sensarnadıŋmı?did you lament? | olsarnadımı?did he lament? | bizsarnadıqmı?did we lament? | sizsarnadığızmı?did you all lament? | alasarnadılamı?did they lament? |
| Simple past (definite) | mensarnamadımmı?didn't I lament? | sensarnamadıŋmı?didn't you lament? | olsarnamadımı?didn't he lament? | bizsarnamadıqmı?didn't we lament? | sizsarnamadığızmı?didn't you all lament? | alasarnamadılamı?didn't they lament? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarnağanmaI have lamented | sensarnağansayou have lamented | olsarnağandıhe has lamented | bizsarnağanbızwe have lamented | sizsarnağansızyou all have lamented | alasarnağandılathey have lamented |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarnamağanmaI haven't lamented | sensarnamağansayou haven't lamented | olsarnamağandıhe hasn't lamented | bizsarnamağanbızwe haven't lamented | sizsarnamağansızyou all haven't lamented | alasarnamağandılathey haven't lamented |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarnağanmamı? sarnağanmıma?have I lamented? | sensarnağanmısa?have you lamented? | olsarnağanmıdı?has he lamented? | bizsarnağanbızmı? sarnağanmıbız?have we lamented? | sizsarnağanmısız?have you all lamented? | alasarnağanmıdıla?have they lamented? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mensarnamağanmamı? sarnamağanmıma?haven't I lamented? | sensarnamağanmısa?haven't you lamented? | olsarnamağanmıdı?hasn't he lamented? | bizsarnamağanbızmı? sarnamağanmıbız?haven't we lamented? | sizsarnamağanmısız?haven't you all lamented? | alasarnamağanmıdıla?haven't they lamented? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensarnab turdumI kept lamenting | sensarnab turduŋyou kept lamenting | olsarnab turduhe kept lamenting | bizsarnab turduqwe kept lamenting | sizsarnab turduğuzyou all kept lamenting | alasarnab turdulathey kept lamenting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mensarnab turmadımI didn't keep lamenting | sensarnab turmadıŋyou didn't keep lamenting | olsarnab turmadıhe didn't keep lamenting | bizsarnab turmadıqwe didn't keep lamenting | sizsarnab turmadığızyou all didn't keep lamenting | alasarnab turmadılathey didn't keep lamenting |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarnarmaI will lament | sensarnarsayou will lament | olsarnarhe will lament | bizsarnarbızwe will lament | sizsarnarsızyou all will lament | alasarnarlathey will lament |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarnamazmaI won't lament | sensarnamazsayou won't lament | olsarnamazhe won't lament | bizsarnamazbızwe won't lament | sizsarnamazsızyou all won't lament | alasarnamazlathey won't lament |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarnarmamı? sarnarmıma?will I lament? | sensarnarmısa?will you lament? | olsarnarmı?will he lament? | bizsarnarbızmı? sarnarmıbız?will we lament? | sizsarnarmısız?will you all lament? | alasarnarlamı? sarnarmıla?will they lament? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mensarnamazmamı? sarnamazmıma?won't I lament? | sensarnamazmısa?won't you lament? | olsarnamazmı?won't he lament? | bizsarnamazbızmı? sarnamazmıbız?won't we lament? | sizsarnamazmısız?won't you all lament? | alasarnamazlamı? sarnamazmıla?won't they lament? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarnarıqmaI am going to lament | sensarnarıqsayou are going to lament | olsarnarıqdıhe is going to lament | bizsarnarıqbızwe are going to lament | sizsarnarıqsızyou all are going to lament | alasarnarıqdılathey are going to lament |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarnarıq tülmeI am not going to lament | sensarnarıq tülseyou are not going to lament | olsarnarıq tüldühe is not going to lament | bizsarnarıq tülbüzwe are not going to lament | sizsarnarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to lament | alasarnarıq tüldülethey are not going to lament |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarnarıqmamı? sarnarıqmıma?am I going to lament? | sensarnarıqmısa?are you going to lament? | olsarnarıqmıdı?is he going to lament? | bizsarnarıqbızmı? sarnarıqmıbız?are we going to lament? | sizsarnarıqmısız?are you all going to lament? | alasarnarıqmıdıla?are they going to lament? |
| Definite future (future II) | mensarnarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to lament? | sensarnarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to lament? | olsarnarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to lament? | bizsarnarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to lament? | sizsarnarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to lament? | alasarnarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to lament? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensarnağan edimsarnağanemI had lamented | sensarnağan ediŋsarnağaneŋyou had lamented | olsarnağan edisarnağanedhe had lamented | bizsarnağan ediksarnağanekwe had lamented | sizsarnağan edigizsarnağanegizyou all had lamented | alasarnağan edilesarnağanellethey had lamented |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mensarnamağan edimsarnamağanemI hadn't lamented | sensarnamağan ediŋsarnamağaneŋyou hadn't lamented | olsarnamağan edisarnamağanedhe hadn't lamented | bizsarnamağan ediksarnamağanekwe hadn't lamented | sizsarnamağan edigizsarnamağanegizyou all hadn't lamented | alasarnamağan edilesarnamağanellethey hadn't lamented |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensarnay edimsarnayemI was lamenting | sensarnay ediŋsarnayeŋyou were lamenting | olsarnay edisarnayedhe was lamenting | bizsarnay ediksarnayekwe were lamenting | sizsarnay edigizsarnayegizyou all were lamenting | alasarnay edilesarnayellethey were lamenting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mensarnamay edimsarnamayemI wasn't lamenting | sensarnamay ediŋsarnamayeŋyou weren't lamenting | olsarnamay edisarnamayedhe wasn't lamenting | bizsarnamay ediksarnamayekwe weren't lamenting | sizsarnamay edigizsarnamayegizyou all weren't lamenting | alasarnamay edilesarnamayellethey weren't lamenting |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mensarnawçan edimsarnawçanemI used to lament | sensarnawçan ediŋsarnawçaneŋyou used to lament | olsarnawçan edisarnawçanedhe used to lament | bizsarnawçan ediksarnawçanekwe used to lament | sizsarnawçan edigizsarnawçanegizyou all used to lament | alasarnawçan edilesarnawçanellethey used to lament |
| Habitual past (used to) | mensarnamawçan edimsarnamawçanemI didn't use to lament | sensarnamawçan ediŋsarnamawçaneŋyou didn't use to lament | olsarnamawçan edisarnamawçanedhe didn't use to lament | bizsarnamawçan ediksarnamawçanekwe didn't use to lament | sizsarnamawçan edigizsarnamawçanegizyou all didn't use to lament | alasarnamawçan edilesarnamawçanellethey didn't use to lament |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsarnab edihe had lamented and remained so | alasarnab edilethey had lamented and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olsarnab tül edihe hadn't lamented | alasarnab tül edilethey hadn't lamented | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensarnab tura edimsarnab turaemI had kept lamenting | sensarnab tura ediŋsarnab turaeŋyou had kept lamenting | olsarnab tura edisarnab turaedhe had kept lamenting | bizsarnab tura ediksarnab turaekwe had kept lamenting | sizsarnab tura edigizsarnab turaegizyou all had kept lamenting | alasarnab tura edilesarnab turaellethey had kept lamenting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mensarnab turmay edimsarnab turmayemI hadn't kept lamenting | sensarnab turmay ediŋsarnab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept lamenting | olsarnab turmay edisarnab turmayedhe hadn't kept lamenting | bizsarnab turmay ediksarnab turmayekwe hadn't kept lamenting | sizsarnab turmay edigizsarnab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept lamenting | alasarnab turmay edilesarnab turmayellethey hadn't kept lamenting |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensarnay tura edimsarnay turaemI was in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay tura ediŋsarnay turaeŋyou were in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay tura edisarnay turaedhe was in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay tura ediksarnay turaekwe were in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay tura edigizsarnay turaegizyou all were in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay tura edilesarnay turaellethey were in the middle of lamenting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mensarnay turmay edimsarnay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay turmay ediŋsarnay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay turmay edisarnay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay turmay ediksarnay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay turmay edigizsarnay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay turmay edilesarnay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of lamenting |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mensarnar edimsarnar emI would lament | sensarnar ediŋsarnar eŋyou would lament | olsarnar edisarnar edhe would lament | bizsarnar ediksarnar ekwe would lament | sizsarnar edigizsarnar egizyou all would lament | alasarnar edilesarnar ellethey would lament |
| Conditional result (would) | mensarnamaz edimsarnamaz emI wouldn't lament | sensarnamaz ediŋsarnamaz eŋyou wouldn't lament | olsarnamaz edisarnamaz edhe wouldn't lament | bizsarnamaz ediksarnamaz ekwe wouldn't lament | sizsarnamaz edigizsarnamaz egizyou all wouldn't lament | alasarnamaz edilesarnamaz ellethey wouldn't lament |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensarnarıq edimsarnarıq emI would have lamented | sensarnarıq ediŋsarnarıq eŋyou would have lamented | olsarnarıq edisarnarıq edhe would have lamented | bizsarnarıq ediksarnarıq ekwe would have lamented | sizsarnarıq edigizsarnarıq egizyou all would have lamented | alasarnarıq edilesarnarıq ellethey would have lamented |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mensarnarıq tül edimsarnarıq tül emI wouldn't have lamented | sensarnarıq tül ediŋsarnarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have lamented | olsarnarıq tül edisarnarıq tül edhe wouldn't have lamented | bizsarnarıq tül ediksarnarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have lamented | sizsarnarıq tül edigizsarnarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have lamented | alasarnarıq tül edilesarnarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have lamented |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mensarnasamif I lament | sensarnasaŋif you lament | olsarnasaif he laments | bizsarnasaqif we lament | sizsarnasağızif you all lament | alasarnasalaif they lament |
| Conditional | mensarnamasamif I don't lament | sensarnamasaŋif you don't lament | olsarnamasaif he doesn't lament | bizsarnamasaqif we don't lament | sizsarnamasağızif you all don't lament | alasarnamasalaif they don't lament |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mensarnay esemif I am lamenting | sensarnay eseŋif you are lamenting | olsarnay eseif he is lamenting | bizsarnay esekif we are lamenting | sizsarnay esegizif you all are lamenting | alasarnay eseleif they are lamenting |
| Conditional, present real | mensarnamay esemif I am not lamenting | sensarnamay eseŋif you are not lamenting | olsarnamay eseif he is not lamenting | bizsarnamay esekif we are not lamenting | sizsarnamay esegizif you all are not lamenting | alasarnamay eseleif they are not lamenting |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensarnasam edisarnasam edif only I lamented | sensarnasaŋ edisarnasaŋ edif only you lamented | olsarnasa edisarnasaedif only he lamented | bizsarnasaq edisarnasaq edif only we lamented | sizsarnasağız edisarnasağız edif only you all lamented | alasarnasala edisarnasalaedif only they lamented |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mensarnamasam edisarnamasam edif only I didn't lament | sensarnamasaŋ edisarnamasaŋ edif only you didn't lament | olsarnamasa edisarnamasaedif only he didn't lament | bizsarnamasaq edisarnamasaq edif only we didn't lament | sizsarnamasağız edisarnamasağız edif only you all didn't lament | alasarnamasala edisarnamasalaedif only they didn't lament |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mensarnab tursamif I carry on lamenting | sensarnab tursaŋif you carry on lamenting | olsarnab tursaif he carries on lamenting | bizsarnab tursaqif we carry on lamenting | sizsarnab tursağızif you all carry on lamenting | alasarnab tursalaif they carry on lamenting |
| Durative conditional | mensarnab turmasamif I don't carry on lamenting | sensarnab turmasaŋif you don't carry on lamenting | olsarnab turmasaif he doesn't carry on lamenting | bizsarnab turmasaqif we don't carry on lamenting | sizsarnab turmasağızif you all don't carry on lamenting | alasarnab turmasalaif they don't carry on lamenting |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mensarnab tura esemif I have kept lamenting | sensarnab tura eseŋif you have kept lamenting | olsarnab tura eseif he has kept lamenting | bizsarnab tura esekif we have kept lamenting | sizsarnab tura esegizif you all have kept lamenting | alasarnab tura eseleif they have kept lamenting |
| Durative conditional, present real | mensarnab turmay esemif I haven't kept lamenting | sensarnab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept lamenting | olsarnab turmay eseif he hasn't kept lamenting | bizsarnab turmay esekif we haven't kept lamenting | sizsarnab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept lamenting | alasarnab turmay eseleif they haven't kept lamenting |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mensarnay tursamif I keep lamenting | sensarnay tursaŋif you keep lamenting | olsarnay tursaif he keeps lamenting | bizsarnay tursaqif we keep lamenting | sizsarnay tursağızif you all keep lamenting | alasarnay tursalaif they keep lamenting |
| Progressive conditional | mensarnamay tursamif I keep on not lamenting | sensarnamay tursaŋif you keep on not lamenting | olsarnamay tursaif he keeps on not lamenting | bizsarnamay tursaqif we keep on not lamenting | sizsarnamay tursağızif you all keep on not lamenting | alasarnamay tursalaif they keep on not lamenting |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensarnay tura esemif I am in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay tura eseif he is in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay tura esekif we are in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay tura eseleif they are in the middle of lamenting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mensarnamay tura esemif I keep on not lamenting | sensarnamay tura eseŋif you keep on not lamenting | olsarnamay tura eseif he keeps on not lamenting | bizsarnamay tura esekif we keep on not lamenting | sizsarnamay tura esegizif you all keep on not lamenting | alasarnamay tura eseleif they keep on not lamenting |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensarnadım esemif I lamented | sensarnadıŋ eseŋif you lamented | olsarnadı eseif he lamented | bizsarnadıq esekif we lamented | sizsarnadığız esegizif you all lamented | alasarnadıla eseleif they lamented |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mensarnamadım esemif I didn't lament | sensarnamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't lament | olsarnamadı eseif he didn't lament | bizsarnamadıq esekif we didn't lament | sizsarnamadığız esegizif you all didn't lament | alasarnamadıla eseleif they didn't lament |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mensarnağan esemif I did lament (indeed) | sensarnağan eseŋif you did lament (indeed) | olsarnağan eseif he did lament (indeed) | bizsarnağan esekif we did lament (indeed) | sizsarnağan esegizif you all did lament (indeed) | alasarnağan eseleif they did lament (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mensarnamağan esemif I didn't lament (indeed) | sensarnamağan eseŋif you didn't lament (indeed) | olsarnamağan eseif he didn't lament (indeed) | bizsarnamağan esekif we didn't lament (indeed) | sizsarnamağan esegizif you all didn't lament (indeed) | alasarnamağan eseleif they didn't lament (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensarnağan bolsamif I had lamented | sensarnağan bolsaŋif you had lamented | olsarnağan bolsaif he had lamented | bizsarnağan bolsaqif we had lamented | sizsarnağan bolsağızif you all had lamented | alasarnağan bolsalaif they had lamented |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mensarnamağan bolsamif I hadn't lamented | sensarnamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't lamented | olsarnamağan bolsaif he hadn't lamented | bizsarnamağan bolsaqif we hadn't lamented | sizsarnamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't lamented | alasarnamağan bolsalaif they hadn't lamented |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensarnağan bolsam edisarnağan bolsam edif only I had lamented | sensarnağan bolsaŋ edisarnağan bolsaŋ edif only you had lamented | olsarnağan bolsa edisarnağan bolsaedif only he had lamented | bizsarnağan bolsaq edisarnağan bolsaq edif only we had lamented | sizsarnağan bolsağız edisarnağan bolsağız edif only you all had lamented | alasarnağan bolsala edisarnağan bolsalaedif only they had lamented |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mensarnamağan bolsam edisarnamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't lamented | sensarnamağan bolsaŋ edisarnamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't lamented | olsarnamağan bolsa edisarnamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't lamented | bizsarnamağan bolsaq edisarnamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't lamented | sizsarnamağan bolsağız edisarnamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't lamented | alasarnamağan bolsala edisarnamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't lamented |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mensarnar esemif I will lament | sensarnar eseŋif you will lament | olsarnar eseif he will lament | bizsarnar esekif we will lament | sizsarnar esegizif you all will lament | alasarnar eseleif they will lament |
| Conditional, aorist | mensarnamaz esemif I won't lament | sensarnamaz eseŋif you won't lament | olsarnamaz eseif he won't lament | bizsarnamaz esekif we won't lament | sizsarnamaz esegizif you all won't lament | alasarnamaz eseleif they won't lament |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mensarnarıq esemif I am going to lament | sensarnarıq eseŋif you are going to lament | olsarnarıq eseif he is going to lament | bizsarnarıq esekif we are going to lament | sizsarnarıq esegizif you all are going to lament | alasarnarıq eseleif they are going to lament |
| Conditional, future | mensarnarıq tül esemif I am not going to lament | sensarnarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to lament | olsarnarıq tül eseif he is not going to lament | bizsarnarıq tül esekif we are not going to lament | sizsarnarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to lament | alasarnarıq tül eseleif they are not going to lament |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensarnarıq bolsamif I were going to lament | sensarnarıq bolsaŋif you were going to lament | olsarnarıq bolsaif he were going to lament | bizsarnarıq bolsaqif we were going to lament | sizsarnarıq bolsağızif you all were going to lament | alasarnarıq bolsalaif they were going to lament |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mensarnamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to lament | sensarnamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to lament | olsarnamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to lament | bizsarnamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to lament | sizsarnamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to lament | alasarnamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to lament |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso sarnadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensarnay bolurmaI must be lamenting | sensarnay bolursayou must be lamenting | olsarnay bolurhe must be lamenting | bizsarnay bolurbuzwe must be lamenting | sizsarnay bolursuzyou all must be lamenting | alasarnay bolurlathey must be lamenting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mensarnamay bolurmaI must not be lamenting | sensarnamay bolursayou must not be lamenting | olsarnamay bolurhe must not be lamenting | bizsarnamay bolurbuzwe must not be lamenting | sizsarnamay bolursuzyou all must not be lamenting | alasarnamay bolurlathey must not be lamenting |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensarnay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of lamenting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mensarnamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not lamenting | sensarnamay tura bolursayou must keep on not lamenting | olsarnamay tura bolurhe must keep on not lamenting | bizsarnamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not lamenting | sizsarnamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not lamenting | alasarnamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not lamenting |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mensarnağan bolurmaI must have lamented | sensarnağan bolursayou must have lamented | olsarnağan bolurhe must have lamented | bizsarnağan bolurbuzwe must have lamented | sizsarnağan bolursuzyou all must have lamented | alasarnağan bolurlathey must have lamented |
| Inference (must have) | mensarnamağan bolurmaI must not have lamented | sensarnamağan bolursayou must not have lamented | olsarnamağan bolurhe must not have lamented | bizsarnamağan bolurbuzwe must not have lamented | sizsarnamağan bolursuzyou all must not have lamented | alasarnamağan bolurlathey must not have lamented |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensarnarıq bolurmaI must be going to lament | sensarnarıq bolursayou must be going to lament | olsarnarıq bolurhe must be going to lament | bizsarnarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to lament | sizsarnarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to lament | alasarnarıq bolurlathey must be going to lament |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mensarnamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to lament | sensarnamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to lament | olsarnamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to lament | bizsarnamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to lament | sizsarnamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to lament | alasarnamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to lament |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mensarnayımlet me lament | sensarna!lament! | olsarnasınlet him lament | bizsarnayıqlet's lament | sizsarnağız!lament, you all! | alasarnasınlalet them lament |
| Commands & suggestions | mensarnamayımlet me not lament | sensarnama!don't lament! | olsarnamasınlet him not lament | bizsarnamayıqlet's not lament | sizsarnamağız!don't lament, you all! | alasarnamasınlalet them not lament |
| Commands & suggestions | mensarnayımmı?shall I lament? | olsarnasınmı?should he lament? | bizsarnayıqmı?shall we lament? | alasarnasınlamı?should they lament? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mensarnamayımmı?shall I not lament? | olsarnamasınmı?should he not lament? | bizsarnamayıqmı?shall we not lament? | alasarnamasınlamı?should they not lament? | ||
| Requests | sensarnaçı2sarnaçınplease lament | olsarnasınçıdo let him lament | sizsarnaçığızplease lament (plural/polite) | alasarnasınlaçıdo let them lament | ||
| Requests | sensarnamaçı2sarnamaçınplease don't lament | olsarnamasınçıdo let him not lament | sizsarnamaçığızplease don't lament (plural/polite) | alasarnamasınlaçıdo let them not lament | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensarnağınsarnağımay you lament | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sensarnamağınsarnamağımay you not lament | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensarnağay edim sarnağa edimwould that I lamented | sensarnağay ediŋ sarnağa ediŋwould that you lamented | olsarnağay edi sarnağa ediwould that he lamented | bizsarnağay edik sarnağa edikwould that we lamented | sizsarnağay edigiz sarnağa edigizwould that you all lamented | alasarnağay edile sarnağa edilewould that they lamented |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mensarnamağay edim sarnamağa edimwould that I did not lament | sensarnamağay ediŋ sarnamağa ediŋwould that you did not lament | olsarnamağay edi sarnamağa ediwould that he did not lament | bizsarnamağay edik sarnamağa edikwould that we did not lament | sizsarnamağay edigiz sarnamağa edigizwould that you all did not lament | alasarnamağay edile sarnamağa edilewould that they did not lament |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarnamağa qoyayımsarnama qoyayımlet me allow someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoy!sarnama qoy!let someone lament! | olsarnamağa qoysunsarnama qoysunlet him allow someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoyayıqsarnama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoyuğuz!sarnama qoyuğuz!let someone lament, you all! | alasarnamağa qoysunlasarnama qoysunlalet them allow someone to lament |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarnamağa qoymayımsarnama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoyma!sarnama qoyma!don't let someone lament! | olsarnamağa qoymasınsarnama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoymayıqsarnama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoymağız!sarnama qoymağız!don't let someone lament, you all! | alasarnamağa qoymasınlasarnama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to lament |
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarnamağa qoyayımmı?sarnama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoysunmu?sarnama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoyayıqmı?sarnama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoysunlamı?sarnama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to lament? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mensarnamağa qoymayımmı?sarnama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoymasınmı?sarnama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoymayıqmı?sarnama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoymasınlamı?sarnama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to lament? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mensarnamağa qoyamasarnama qoyamaI allow someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoyasasarnama qoyasayou allow someone to lament | olsarnamağa qoyadısarnama qoyadıhe allows someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoyabızsarnama qoyabızwe allow someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoyasızsarnama qoyasızyou all allow someone to lament | alasarnamağa qoyadılasarnama qoyadılathey allow someone to lament |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarnamağa qoymaymasarnama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoymaysasarnama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to lament | olsarnamağa qoymaydısarnama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoymaybızsarnama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoymaysızsarnama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to lament | alasarnamağa qoymaydılasarnama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to lament |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarnamağa qoyamamı?sarnama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to lament? | sensarnamağa qoyamısa?sarnama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoyamıdı?sarnama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoyabızmı?sarnama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to lament? | sizsarnamağa qoyamısız?sarnama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoyamıdıla?sarnama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to lament? |
| Let someone… (present) | mensarnamağa qoymaymamı?sarnama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to lament? | sensarnamağa qoymaymısa?sarnama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoymaymıdı?sarnama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoymaybızmı?sarnama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to lament? | sizsarnamağa qoymaymısız?sarnama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoymaymıdıla?sarnama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to lament? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarnamağa qoydumsarnama qoydumI allowed someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoyduŋsarnama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to lament | olsarnamağa qoydusarnama qoyduhe allowed someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoyduqsarnama qoyduqwe allowed someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoyduğuzsarnama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to lament | alasarnamağa qoydulasarnama qoydulathey allowed someone to lament |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarnamağa qoymadımsarnama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to lament | sensarnamağa qoymadıŋsarnama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to lament | olsarnamağa qoymadısarnama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to lament | bizsarnamağa qoymadıqsarnama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to lament | sizsarnamağa qoymadığızsarnama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to lament | alasarnamağa qoymadılasarnama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to lament |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarnamağa qoydummu?sarnama qoydummu?did I allow someone to lament? | sensarnamağa qoyduŋmu?sarnama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoydumu?sarnama qoydumu?did he allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoyduqmu?sarnama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to lament? | sizsarnamağa qoyduğuzmu?sarnama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoydulamı?sarnama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to lament? |
| Let someone… (past) | mensarnamağa qoymadımmı?sarnama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to lament? | sensarnamağa qoymadıŋmı?sarnama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to lament? | olsarnamağa qoymadımı?sarnama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to lament? | bizsarnamağa qoymadıqmı?sarnama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to lament? | sizsarnamağa qoymadığızmı?sarnama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to lament? | alasarnamağa qoymadılamı?sarnama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to lament? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
sarnayalırğa be able to lament · sarnayalmazğa be unable to lament
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mensarnayalamaI can lament | sensarnayalasayou can lament | olsarnayaladıhe can lament | bizsarnayalabızwe can lament | sizsarnayalasızyou all can lament | alasarnayaladılathey can lament |
| Ability — present | mensarnayalmaymaI can't lament | sensarnayalmaysayou can't lament | olsarnayalmaydıhe can't lament | bizsarnayalmaybızwe can't lament | sizsarnayalmaysızyou all can't lament | alasarnayalmaydılathey can't lament |
| Ability — present | mensarnayalamamı? sarnayalamıma?can I lament? | sensarnayalamısa?can you lament? | olsarnayalamıdı?can he lament? | bizsarnayalabızmı? sarnayalamıbız?can we lament? | sizsarnayalamısız?can you all lament? | alasarnayalamıdıla?can they lament? |
| Ability — present | mensarnayalmaymamı? sarnayalmaymıma?can't I lament? | sensarnayalmaymısa?can't you lament? | olsarnayalmaymıdı?can't he lament? | bizsarnayalmaybızmı? sarnayalmaymıbız?can't we lament? | sizsarnayalmaymısız?can't you all lament? | alasarnayalmaymıdıla?can't they lament? |
| Ability — if I can… | mensarnayalsamif I can lament | sensarnayalsaŋif you can lament | olsarnayalsaif he can lament | bizsarnayalsaqif we can lament | sizsarnayalsağızif you all can lament | alasarnayalsalaif they can lament |
| Ability — if I can… | mensarnayalmasamif I can't lament | sensarnayalmasaŋif you can't lament | olsarnayalmasaif he can't lament | bizsarnayalmasaqif we can't lament | sizsarnayalmasağızif you all can't lament | alasarnayalmasalaif they can't lament |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mensarnayaldımI was able to lament | sensarnayaldıŋyou were able to lament | olsarnayaldıhe was able to lament | bizsarnayaldıqwe were able to lament | sizsarnayaldığızyou all were able to lament | alasarnayaldılathey were able to lament |
| Ability — simple past | mensarnayalmadımI could not lament | sensarnayalmadıŋyou could not lament | olsarnayalmadıhe could not lament | bizsarnayalmadıqwe could not lament | sizsarnayalmadığızyou all could not lament | alasarnayalmadılathey could not lament |
| Ability — simple past | mensarnayaldımmı?was I able to lament? | sensarnayaldıŋmı?were you able to lament? | olsarnayaldımı?was he able to lament? | bizsarnayaldıqmı?were we able to lament? | sizsarnayaldığızmı?were you all able to lament? | alasarnayaldılamı?were they able to lament? |
| Ability — simple past | mensarnayalmadımmı?couldn't I lament? | sensarnayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you lament? | olsarnayalmadımı?couldn't he lament? | bizsarnayalmadıqmı?couldn't we lament? | sizsarnayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all lament? | alasarnayalmadılamı?couldn't they lament? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarnayalğanmaI have been able to lament | sensarnayalğansayou have been able to lament | olsarnayalğandıhe has been able to lament | bizsarnayalğanbızwe have been able to lament | sizsarnayalğansızyou all have been able to lament | alasarnayalğandılathey have been able to lament |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarnayalmağanmaI haven't been able to lament | sensarnayalmağansayou haven't been able to lament | olsarnayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to lament | bizsarnayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to lament | sizsarnayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to lament | alasarnayalmağandılathey haven't been able to lament |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarnayalğanmamı? sarnayalğanmıma?have I been able to lament? | sensarnayalğanmısa?have you been able to lament? | olsarnayalğanmıdı?has he been able to lament? | bizsarnayalğanbızmı? sarnayalğanmıbız?have we been able to lament? | sizsarnayalğanmısız?have you all been able to lament? | alasarnayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to lament? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mensarnayalmağanmamı? sarnayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to lament? | sensarnayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to lament? | olsarnayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to lament? | bizsarnayalmağanbızmı? sarnayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to lament? | sizsarnayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to lament? | alasarnayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to lament? |
| Ability — past perfect | mensarnayalğan edimsarnayalğanemI had been able to lament | sensarnayalğan ediŋsarnayalğaneŋyou had been able to lament | olsarnayalğan edisarnayalğanedhe had been able to lament | bizsarnayalğan ediksarnayalğanekwe had been able to lament | sizsarnayalğan edigizsarnayalğanegizyou all had been able to lament | alasarnayalğan edilesarnayalğanellethey had been able to lament |
| Ability — past perfect | mensarnayalmağan edimsarnayalmağanemI hadn't been able to lament | sensarnayalmağan ediŋsarnayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to lament | olsarnayalmağan edisarnayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to lament | bizsarnayalmağan ediksarnayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to lament | sizsarnayalmağan edigizsarnayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to lament | alasarnayalmağan edilesarnayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to lament |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mensarnayala edimsarnayalaemI could lament | sensarnayala ediŋsarnayalaeŋyou could lament | olsarnayala edisarnayalaedhe could lament | bizsarnayala ediksarnayalaekwe could lament | sizsarnayala edigizsarnayalaegizyou all could lament | alasarnayala edilesarnayalaellethey could lament |
| Ability — past background | mensarnayalmay edimsarnayalmayemI could not lament | sensarnayalmay ediŋsarnayalmayeŋyou could not lament | olsarnayalmay edisarnayalmayedhe could not lament | bizsarnayalmay ediksarnayalmayekwe could not lament | sizsarnayalmay edigizsarnayalmayegizyou all could not lament | alasarnayalmay edilesarnayalmayellethey could not lament |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mensarnayalırmaI will be able to lament | sensarnayalırsayou will be able to lament | olsarnayalırhe will be able to lament | bizsarnayalırbızwe will be able to lament | sizsarnayalırsızyou all will be able to lament | alasarnayalırlathey will be able to lament |
| Ability — future I | mensarnayalmazmaI won't be able to lament | sensarnayalmazsayou won't be able to lament | olsarnayalmazhe won't be able to lament | bizsarnayalmazbızwe won't be able to lament | sizsarnayalmazsızyou all won't be able to lament | alasarnayalmazlathey won't be able to lament |
| Ability — future I | mensarnayalırmamı? sarnayalırmıma?will I be able to lament? | sensarnayalırmısa?will you be able to lament? | olsarnayalırmı?will he be able to lament? | bizsarnayalırbızmı? sarnayalırmıbız?will we be able to lament? | sizsarnayalırmısız?will you all be able to lament? | alasarnayalırlamı? sarnayalırmıla?will they be able to lament? |
| Ability — future I | mensarnayalmazmamı? sarnayalmazmıma?won't I be able to lament? | sensarnayalmazmısa?won't you be able to lament? | olsarnayalmazmı?won't he be able to lament? | bizsarnayalmazbızmı? sarnayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to lament? | sizsarnayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to lament? | alasarnayalmazlamı? sarnayalmazmıla?won't they be able to lament? |
| Ability — future II | mensarnayallıqmaI am going to be able to lament | sensarnayallıqsayou are going to be able to lament | olsarnayallıqdıhe is going to be able to lament | bizsarnayallıqbızwe are going to be able to lament | sizsarnayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to lament | alasarnayallıqdılathey are going to be able to lament |
| Ability — future II | mensarnayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to lament | sensarnayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to lament | olsarnayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to lament | bizsarnayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to lament | sizsarnayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to lament | alasarnayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to lament |
| Ability — future II | mensarnayallıqmamı? sarnayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to lament? | sensarnayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to lament? | olsarnayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to lament? | bizsarnayallıqbızmı? sarnayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to lament? | sizsarnayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to lament? | alasarnayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to lament? |
| Ability — future II | mensarnayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to lament? | sensarnayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to lament? | olsarnayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to lament? | bizsarnayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to lament? | sizsarnayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to lament? | alasarnayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to lament? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensarnayalır edimsarnayalır emI would be able to lament | sensarnayalır ediŋsarnayalır eŋyou would be able to lament | olsarnayalır edisarnayalır edhe would be able to lament | bizsarnayalır ediksarnayalır ekwe would be able to lament | sizsarnayalır edigizsarnayalır egizyou all would be able to lament | alasarnayalır edilesarnayalır ellethey would be able to lament |
| Ability — would be able to… | mensarnayalmaz edimsarnayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to lament | sensarnayalmaz ediŋsarnayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to lament | olsarnayalmaz edisarnayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to lament | bizsarnayalmaz ediksarnayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to lament | sizsarnayalmaz edigizsarnayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to lament | alasarnayalmaz edilesarnayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to lament |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensarnayalğınsarnayalğımay you be able to lament | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sensarnayalmağınsarnayalmağımay you not be able to lament | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mensarnarğa izleymeI want to lament | sensarnarğa izleyseyou want to lament | olsarnarğa izleydihe wants to lament | bizsarnarğa izleybizwe want to lament | sizsarnarğa izleysizyou all want to lament | alasarnarğa izleydilethey want to lament |
| want to | mensarnarğa izlemeymeI do not want to lament | sensarnarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to lament | olsarnarğa izlemeydihe does not want to lament | bizsarnarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to lament | sizsarnarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to lament | alasarnarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to lament |
| would like to | mensarnarğa süemeI would like to lament | sensarnarğa süeseyou would like to lament | olsarnarğa süedihe would like to lament | bizsarnarğa süebizwe would like to lament | sizsarnarğa süesizyou all would like to lament | alasarnarğa süedilethey would like to lament |
| would like to | mensarnarğa süymeymeI would not like to lament | sensarnarğa süymeyseyou would not like to lament | olsarnarğa süymeydihe would not like to lament | bizsarnarğa süymeybizwe would not like to lament | sizsarnarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to lament | alasarnarğa süymeydilethey would not like to lament |
| hope to | mensarnarğa umutlanamaI hope to lament | sensarnarğa umutlanasayou hope to lament | olsarnarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to lament | bizsarnarğa umutlanabızwe hope to lament | sizsarnarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to lament | alasarnarğa umutlanadılathey hope to lament |
| hope to | mensarnarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to lament | sensarnarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to lament | olsarnarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to lament | bizsarnarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to lament | sizsarnarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to lament | alasarnarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to lament |
| be about to | mensarnarğa deb turamaI am about to lament | sensarnarğa deb turasayou are about to lament | olsarnarğa deb turadıhe is about to lament | bizsarnarğa deb turabızwe are about to lament | sizsarnarğa deb turasızyou all are about to lament | alasarnarğa deb turadılathey are about to lament |
| be about to | mensarnarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to lament | sensarnarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to lament | olsarnarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to lament | bizsarnarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to lament | sizsarnarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to lament | alasarnarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to lament |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mensarnarğa kerekmeI need to lament | sensarnarğa kerekseyou need to lament | olsarnarğa kerekdihe needs to lament | bizsarnarğa kerekbizwe need to lament | sizsarnarğa kereksizyou all need to lament | alasarnarğa kerekdilethey need to lament |
| need to | mensarnarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to lament | sensarnarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to lament | olsarnarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to lament | bizsarnarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to lament | sizsarnarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to lament | alasarnarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to lament |
| have to | menmenŋe sarnarğa tüşediI have to lament | sensenŋe sarnarğa tüşediyou have to lament | olaŋa sarnarğa tüşedihe has to lament | bizbizge sarnarğa tüşediwe have to lament | sizsizge sarnarğa tüşediyou all have to lament | alaalağa sarnarğa tüşedithey have to lament |
| have to | menmenŋe sarnarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to lament | sensenŋe sarnarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to lament | olaŋa sarnarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to lament | bizbizge sarnarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to lament | sizsizge sarnarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to lament | alaalağa sarnarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to lament |
| be obliged to | mensarnarğa borçlumaI am obliged to lament | sensarnarğa borçlusayou are obliged to lament | olsarnarğa borçluduhe is obliged to lament | bizsarnarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to lament | sizsarnarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to lament | alasarnarğa borçludulathey are obliged to lament |
| be obliged to | mensarnarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to lament | sensarnarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to lament | olsarnarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to lament | bizsarnarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to lament | sizsarnarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to lament | alasarnarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to lament |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mensarnarğa madarım bardıI have a way to lament | sensarnarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to lament | olsarnarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to lament | bizsarnarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to lament | sizsarnarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to lament | alasarnarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to lament |
| have a way to | mensarnarğa madarım joqduI have no way to lament | sensarnarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to lament | olsarnarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to lament | bizsarnarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to lament | sizsarnarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to lament | alasarnarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to lament |
| be free to | mensarnarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to lament | sensarnarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to lament | olsarnarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to lament | bizsarnarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to lament | sizsarnarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to lament | alasarnarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to lament |
| be free to | mensarnarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to lament | sensarnarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to lament | olsarnarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to lament | bizsarnarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to lament | sizsarnarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to lament | alasarnarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to lament |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to lament | sensenŋe sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to lament | olaŋa sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to lament | bizbizge sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to lament | sizsizge sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to lament | alaalağa sarnarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to lament |
| be possible to | menmenŋe sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to lament | sensenŋe sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to lament | olaŋa sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to lament | bizbizge sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to lament | sizsizge sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to lament | alaalağa sarnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to lament |
| be ready to | mensarnarğa hazırmaI am ready to lament | sensarnarğa hazırsayou are ready to lament | olsarnarğa hazırdıhe is ready to lament | bizsarnarğa hazırbızwe are ready to lament | sizsarnarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to lament | alasarnarğa hazırdılathey are ready to lament |
| be ready to | mensarnarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to lament | sensarnarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to lament | olsarnarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to lament | bizsarnarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to lament | sizsarnarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to lament | alasarnarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to lament |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mensarnarğa küreşemeI am trying to lament | sensarnarğa küreşeseyou are trying to lament | olsarnarğa küreşedihe is trying to lament | bizsarnarğa küreşebizwe are trying to lament | sizsarnarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to lament | alasarnarğa küreşedilethey are trying to lament |
| try to | mensarnarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to lament | sensarnarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to lament | olsarnarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to lament | bizsarnarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to lament | sizsarnarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to lament | alasarnarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to lament |
| agree to | mensarnarğa unaymaI agree to lament | sensarnarğa unaysayou agree to lament | olsarnarğa unaydıhe agrees to lament | bizsarnarğa unaybızwe agree to lament | sizsarnarğa unaysızyou all agree to lament | alasarnarğa unaydılathey agree to lament |
| agree to | mensarnarğa unamaymaI refuse to lament | sensarnarğa unamaysayou refuse to lament | olsarnarğa unamaydıhe refuses to lament | bizsarnarğa unamaybızwe refuse to lament | sizsarnarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to lament | alasarnarğa unamaydılathey refuse to lament |
| hurry to | mensarnarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to lament | sensarnarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to lament | olsarnarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to lament | bizsarnarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to lament | sizsarnarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to lament | alasarnarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to lament |
| hurry to | mensarnarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to lament | sensarnarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to lament | olsarnarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to lament | bizsarnarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to lament | sizsarnarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to lament | alasarnarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to lament |
| be afraid to | mensarnarğa qorqamaI am afraid to lament | sensarnarğa qorqasayou are afraid to lament | olsarnarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to lament | bizsarnarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to lament | sizsarnarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to lament | alasarnarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to lament |
| be afraid to | mensarnarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to lament | sensarnarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to lament | olsarnarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to lament | bizsarnarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to lament | sizsarnarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to lament | alasarnarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to lament |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mensarnay bolmazmaI can't be lamenting | sensarnay bolmazsayou can't be lamenting | olsarnay bolmazhe can't be lamenting | bizsarnay bolmazbızwe can't be lamenting | sizsarnay bolmazsızyou all can't be lamenting | alasarnay bolmazlathey can't be lamenting |
| Inference, present — double negation | mensarnamay bolmazmaI must be lamenting (emphatic) | sensarnamay bolmazsayou must be lamenting (emphatic) | olsarnamay bolmazhe must be lamenting (emphatic) | bizsarnamay bolmazbızwe must be lamenting (emphatic) | sizsarnamay bolmazsızyou all must be lamenting (emphatic) | alasarnamay bolmazlathey must be lamenting (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mensarnay turmasamif I don't keep lamenting | sensarnay turmasaŋif you don't keep lamenting | olsarnay turmasaif he doesn't keep lamenting | bizsarnay turmasaqif we don't keep lamenting | sizsarnay turmasağızif you all don't keep lamenting | alasarnay turmasalaif they don't keep lamenting |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mensarnay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of lamenting | sensarnay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of lamenting | olsarnay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of lamenting | bizsarnay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of lamenting | sizsarnay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of lamenting | alasarnay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of lamenting |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mensarnamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) | sensarnamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) | olsarnamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) | bizsarnamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) | sizsarnamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) | alasarnamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not lamenting (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mensarnamay turamaI keep on not lamenting | sensarnamay turasayou keep on not lamenting | olsarnamay turadıhe keeps on not lamenting | bizsarnamay turabızwe keep on not lamenting | sizsarnamay turasızyou all keep on not lamenting | alasarnamay turadılathey keep on not lamenting |
| Progressive — double negation | mensarnamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not lamenting | sensarnamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not lamenting | olsarnamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not lamenting | bizsarnamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not lamenting | sizsarnamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not lamenting | alasarnamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not lamenting |
| Progressive — double negation | mensarnamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not lamenting? | sensarnamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not lamenting? | olsarnamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not lamenting? | bizsarnamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not lamenting? | sizsarnamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not lamenting? | alasarnamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not lamenting? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mensarnağan bolmazmaI can't have lamented | sensarnağan bolmazsayou can't have lamented | olsarnağan bolmazhe can't have lamented | bizsarnağan bolmazbızwe can't have lamented | sizsarnağan bolmazsızyou all can't have lamented | alasarnağan bolmazlathey can't have lamented |
| Inference — double negation | mensarnamağan bolmazmaI must have lamented (emphatic) | sensarnamağan bolmazsayou must have lamented (emphatic) | olsarnamağan bolmazhe must have lamented (emphatic) | bizsarnamağan bolmazbızwe must have lamented (emphatic) | sizsarnamağan bolmazsızyou all must have lamented (emphatic) | alasarnamağan bolmazlathey must have lamented (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mensarnağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had lamented | sensarnağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had lamented | olsarnağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had lamented | bizsarnağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had lamented | sizsarnağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had lamented | alasarnağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had lamented |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mensarnamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't lamented | sensarnamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't lamented | olsarnamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't lamented | bizsarnamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't lamented | sizsarnamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't lamented | alasarnamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't lamented |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mensarnarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to lament | sensarnarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to lament | olsarnarıq bolmazhe can't be going to lament | bizsarnarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to lament | sizsarnarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to lament | alasarnarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to lament |
| Inference, future — double negation | mensarnamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to lament (emphatic) | sensarnamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to lament (emphatic) | olsarnamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to lament (emphatic) | bizsarnamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to lament (emphatic) | sizsarnamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to lament (emphatic) | alasarnamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to lament (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mensarnarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to lament | sensarnarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to lament | olsarnarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to lament | bizsarnarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to lament | sizsarnarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to lament | alasarnarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to lament |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mensarnamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to lament | sensarnamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to lament | olsarnamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to lament | bizsarnamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to lament | sizsarnamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to lament | alasarnamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to lament |