ulurğa
/ulurʁa/
1. howl — Said of dogs, wolves and other animals, and of the wind or a storm.
- it keçe uluydu — the dog howls at night
- börüle uluydula — the wolves howl
- börüle ulub başladıla — the wolves began to howl
- börüleni uluğanın eşitemise — do you hear the wolves howling
- jel uluy edi — the wind was howling
2. wail, cry aloud, keen one source
- anala jılay, uluy edile — the mothers were weeping and wailing
- sınsıb, ulub, izlegendi — she searched, sobbing and wailing
- ol ulub qıçırdı — he cried out with a wail
- tişirıwla ulub jılaydıla — the women are wailing aloud
- anası ulub jılağandı — his mother wailed aloud
Conjugation
Common forms
- uluyduhe is howling
- uluduhe howled
- uluğandıhe has howled
- ulurhe will howl
- uluruqduhe is going to howl
- uluy edihe was howling
- ulusaif he howls
- ulu!howl!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuluymaI am howling | senuluysayou are howling | oluluyduhe is howling | bizuluybuzwe are howling | sizuluysuzyou all are howling | alauluydulathey are howling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menulumaymaI am not howling | senulumaysayou are not howling | olulumaydıhe is not howling | bizulumaybızwe are not howling | sizulumaysızyou all are not howling | alaulumaydılathey are not howling |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menuluymamı? uluymuma?am I howling? | senuluymusa?are you howling? | oluluymudu?is he howling? | bizuluybuzmu? uluymubuz?are we howling? | sizuluymusuz?are you all howling? | alauluymudula?are they howling? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menulumaymamı? ulumaymıma?aren't I howling? | senulumaymısa?aren't you howling? | olulumaymıdı?isn't he howling? | bizulumaybızmı? ulumaymıbız?aren't we howling? | sizulumaymısız?aren't you all howling? | alaulumaymıdıla?aren't they howling? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuluwçanmaI usually howl | senuluwçansayou usually howl | oluluwçandıhe usually howls | bizuluwçanbızwe usually howl | sizuluwçansızyou all usually howl | alauluwçandılathey usually howl |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menulumawçanmaI usually don't howl | senulumawçansayou usually don't howl | olulumawçandıhe usually doesn't howl | bizulumawçanbızwe usually don't howl | sizulumawçansızyou all usually don't howl | alaulumawçandılathey usually don't howl |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menuluwçanmamı? uluwçanmıma?do I usually howl? | senuluwçanmısa?do you usually howl? | oluluwçanmıdı?does he usually howl? | bizuluwçanbızmı? uluwçanmıbız?do we usually howl? | sizuluwçanmısız?do you all usually howl? | alauluwçanmıdıla?do they usually howl? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menulumawçanmamı? ulumawçanmıma?do I usually not howl? | senulumawçanmısa?do you usually not howl? | olulumawçanmıdı?does he usually not howl? | bizulumawçanbızmı? ulumawçanmıbız?do we usually not howl? | sizulumawçanmısız?do you all usually not howl? | alaulumawçanmıdıla?do they usually not howl? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olulubduhe has howled and remains so | alaulubdulathey have howled and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olulubmudu?has he howled? | alaulubmudula?have they howled? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menulub turamaI keep howling | senulub turasayou keep howling | olulub turadıhe keeps howling | bizulub turabızwe keep howling | sizulub turasızyou all keep howling | alaulub turadılathey keep howling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menulub turmaymaI don't keep howling | senulub turmaysayou don't keep howling | olulub turmaydıhe doesn't keep howling | bizulub turmaybızwe don't keep howling | sizulub turmaysızyou all don't keep howling | alaulub turmaydılathey don't keep howling |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menulub turamamı? ulub turamıma?do I keep howling? | senulub turamısa?do you keep howling? | olulub turamıdı?does he keep howling? | bizulub turabızmı? ulub turamıbız?do we keep howling? | sizulub turamısız?do you all keep howling? | alaulub turamıdıla?do they keep howling? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menulub turmaymamı? ulub turmaymıma?don't I keep howling? | senulub turmaymısa?don't you keep howling? | olulub turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep howling? | bizulub turmaybızmı? ulub turmaymıbız?don't we keep howling? | sizulub turmaymısız?don't you all keep howling? | alaulub turmaymıdıla?don't they keep howling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuluy turamaI am in the middle of howling | senuluy turasayou are in the middle of howling | oluluy turadıhe is in the middle of howling | bizuluy turabızwe are in the middle of howling | sizuluy turasızyou all are in the middle of howling | alauluy turadılathey are in the middle of howling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuluy turmaymaI am not in the middle of howling | senuluy turmaysayou are not in the middle of howling | oluluy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of howling | bizuluy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of howling | sizuluy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of howling | alauluy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of howling |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuluy turamamı? uluy turamıma?am I in the middle of howling? | senuluy turamısa?are you in the middle of howling? | oluluy turamıdı?is he in the middle of howling? | bizuluy turabızmı? uluy turamıbız?are we in the middle of howling? | sizuluy turamısız?are you all in the middle of howling? | alauluy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of howling? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menuluy turmaymamı? uluy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of howling? | senuluy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of howling? | oluluy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of howling? | bizuluy turmaybızmı? uluy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of howling? | sizuluy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of howling? | alauluy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of howling? |
| Simple past (definite) | menuludumI howled | senuluduŋyou howled | oluluduhe howled | bizuluduqwe howled | sizuluduğuzyou all howled | alauludulathey howled |
| Simple past (definite) | menulumadımI didn't howl | senulumadıŋyou didn't howl | olulumadıhe didn't howl | bizulumadıqwe didn't howl | sizulumadığızyou all didn't howl | alaulumadılathey didn't howl |
| Simple past (definite) | menuludummu?did I howl? | senuluduŋmu?did you howl? | oluludumu?did he howl? | bizuluduqmu?did we howl? | sizuluduğuzmu?did you all howl? | alauludulamı?did they howl? |
| Simple past (definite) | menulumadımmı?didn't I howl? | senulumadıŋmı?didn't you howl? | olulumadımı?didn't he howl? | bizulumadıqmı?didn't we howl? | sizulumadığızmı?didn't you all howl? | alaulumadılamı?didn't they howl? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuluğanmaI have howled | senuluğansayou have howled | oluluğandıhe has howled | bizuluğanbızwe have howled | sizuluğansızyou all have howled | alauluğandılathey have howled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menulumağanmaI haven't howled | senulumağansayou haven't howled | olulumağandıhe hasn't howled | bizulumağanbızwe haven't howled | sizulumağansızyou all haven't howled | alaulumağandılathey haven't howled |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menuluğanmamı? uluğanmıma?have I howled? | senuluğanmısa?have you howled? | oluluğanmıdı?has he howled? | bizuluğanbızmı? uluğanmıbız?have we howled? | sizuluğanmısız?have you all howled? | alauluğanmıdıla?have they howled? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menulumağanmamı? ulumağanmıma?haven't I howled? | senulumağanmısa?haven't you howled? | olulumağanmıdı?hasn't he howled? | bizulumağanbızmı? ulumağanmıbız?haven't we howled? | sizulumağanmısız?haven't you all howled? | alaulumağanmıdıla?haven't they howled? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menulub turdumI kept howling | senulub turduŋyou kept howling | olulub turduhe kept howling | bizulub turduqwe kept howling | sizulub turduğuzyou all kept howling | alaulub turdulathey kept howling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menulub turmadımI didn't keep howling | senulub turmadıŋyou didn't keep howling | olulub turmadıhe didn't keep howling | bizulub turmadıqwe didn't keep howling | sizulub turmadığızyou all didn't keep howling | alaulub turmadılathey didn't keep howling |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menulurmaI will howl | senulursayou will howl | olulurhe will howl | bizulurbuzwe will howl | sizulursuzyou all will howl | alaulurlathey will howl |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menulumazmaI won't howl | senulumazsayou won't howl | olulumazhe won't howl | bizulumazbızwe won't howl | sizulumazsızyou all won't howl | alaulumazlathey won't howl |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menulurmamı? ulurmuma?will I howl? | senulurmusa?will you howl? | olulurmu?will he howl? | bizulurbuzmu? ulurmubuz?will we howl? | sizulurmusuz?will you all howl? | alaulurlamı? ulurmula?will they howl? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menulumazmamı? ulumazmıma?won't I howl? | senulumazmısa?won't you howl? | olulumazmı?won't he howl? | bizulumazbızmı? ulumazmıbız?won't we howl? | sizulumazmısız?won't you all howl? | alaulumazlamı? ulumazmıla?won't they howl? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuluruqmaI am going to howl | senuluruqsayou are going to howl | oluluruqduhe is going to howl | bizuluruqbuzwe are going to howl | sizuluruqsuzyou all are going to howl | alauluruqdulathey are going to howl |
| Definite future (future II) | menuluruq tülmeI am not going to howl | senuluruq tülseyou are not going to howl | oluluruq tüldühe is not going to howl | bizuluruq tülbüzwe are not going to howl | sizuluruq tülsüzyou all are not going to howl | alauluruq tüldülethey are not going to howl |
| Definite future (future II) | menuluruqmamı? uluruqmuma?am I going to howl? | senuluruqmusa?are you going to howl? | oluluruqmudu?is he going to howl? | bizuluruqbuzmu? uluruqmubuz?are we going to howl? | sizuluruqmusuz?are you all going to howl? | alauluruqmudula?are they going to howl? |
| Definite future (future II) | menuluruq tülmüme?aren't I going to howl? | senuluruq tülmüse?aren't you going to howl? | oluluruq tülmüdü?isn't he going to howl? | bizuluruq tülmübüz?aren't we going to howl? | sizuluruq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to howl? | alauluruq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to howl? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menuluğan edimuluğanemI had howled | senuluğan ediŋuluğaneŋyou had howled | oluluğan ediuluğanedhe had howled | bizuluğan edikuluğanekwe had howled | sizuluğan edigizuluğanegizyou all had howled | alauluğan edileuluğanellethey had howled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menulumağan edimulumağanemI hadn't howled | senulumağan ediŋulumağaneŋyou hadn't howled | olulumağan ediulumağanedhe hadn't howled | bizulumağan edikulumağanekwe hadn't howled | sizulumağan edigizulumağanegizyou all hadn't howled | alaulumağan edileulumağanellethey hadn't howled |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menuluy edimuluyemI was howling | senuluy ediŋuluyeŋyou were howling | oluluy ediuluyedhe was howling | bizuluy edikuluyekwe were howling | sizuluy edigizuluyegizyou all were howling | alauluy edileuluyellethey were howling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menulumay edimulumayemI wasn't howling | senulumay ediŋulumayeŋyou weren't howling | olulumay ediulumayedhe wasn't howling | bizulumay edikulumayekwe weren't howling | sizulumay edigizulumayegizyou all weren't howling | alaulumay edileulumayellethey weren't howling |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menuluwçan edimuluwçanemI used to howl | senuluwçan ediŋuluwçaneŋyou used to howl | oluluwçan ediuluwçanedhe used to howl | bizuluwçan edikuluwçanekwe used to howl | sizuluwçan edigizuluwçanegizyou all used to howl | alauluwçan edileuluwçanellethey used to howl |
| Habitual past (used to) | menulumawçan edimulumawçanemI didn't use to howl | senulumawçan ediŋulumawçaneŋyou didn't use to howl | olulumawçan ediulumawçanedhe didn't use to howl | bizulumawçan edikulumawçanekwe didn't use to howl | sizulumawçan edigizulumawçanegizyou all didn't use to howl | alaulumawçan edileulumawçanellethey didn't use to howl |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olulub edihe had howled and remained so | alaulub edilethey had howled and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olulub tül edihe hadn't howled | alaulub tül edilethey hadn't howled | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menulub tura edimulub turaemI had kept howling | senulub tura ediŋulub turaeŋyou had kept howling | olulub tura ediulub turaedhe had kept howling | bizulub tura edikulub turaekwe had kept howling | sizulub tura edigizulub turaegizyou all had kept howling | alaulub tura edileulub turaellethey had kept howling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menulub turmay edimulub turmayemI hadn't kept howling | senulub turmay ediŋulub turmayeŋyou hadn't kept howling | olulub turmay ediulub turmayedhe hadn't kept howling | bizulub turmay edikulub turmayekwe hadn't kept howling | sizulub turmay edigizulub turmayegizyou all hadn't kept howling | alaulub turmay edileulub turmayellethey hadn't kept howling |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuluy tura edimuluy turaemI was in the middle of howling | senuluy tura ediŋuluy turaeŋyou were in the middle of howling | oluluy tura ediuluy turaedhe was in the middle of howling | bizuluy tura edikuluy turaekwe were in the middle of howling | sizuluy tura edigizuluy turaegizyou all were in the middle of howling | alauluy tura edileuluy turaellethey were in the middle of howling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menuluy turmay edimuluy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of howling | senuluy turmay ediŋuluy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of howling | oluluy turmay ediuluy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of howling | bizuluy turmay edikuluy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of howling | sizuluy turmay edigizuluy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of howling | alauluy turmay edileuluy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of howling |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menulur edimulur emI would howl | senulur ediŋulur eŋyou would howl | olulur ediulur edhe would howl | bizulur edikulur ekwe would howl | sizulur edigizulur egizyou all would howl | alaulur edileulur ellethey would howl |
| Conditional result (would) | menulumaz edimulumaz emI wouldn't howl | senulumaz ediŋulumaz eŋyou wouldn't howl | olulumaz ediulumaz edhe wouldn't howl | bizulumaz edikulumaz ekwe wouldn't howl | sizulumaz edigizulumaz egizyou all wouldn't howl | alaulumaz edileulumaz ellethey wouldn't howl |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuluruq edimuluruq emI would have howled | senuluruq ediŋuluruq eŋyou would have howled | oluluruq ediuluruq edhe would have howled | bizuluruq edikuluruq ekwe would have howled | sizuluruq edigizuluruq egizyou all would have howled | alauluruq edileuluruq ellethey would have howled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menuluruq tül edimuluruq tül emI wouldn't have howled | senuluruq tül ediŋuluruq tül eŋyou wouldn't have howled | oluluruq tül ediuluruq tül edhe wouldn't have howled | bizuluruq tül edikuluruq tül ekwe wouldn't have howled | sizuluruq tül edigizuluruq tül egizyou all wouldn't have howled | alauluruq tül edileuluruq tül ellethey wouldn't have howled |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menulusamif I howl | senulusaŋif you howl | olulusaif he howls | bizulusaqif we howl | sizulusağızif you all howl | alaulusalaif they howl |
| Conditional | menulumasamif I don't howl | senulumasaŋif you don't howl | olulumasaif he doesn't howl | bizulumasaqif we don't howl | sizulumasağızif you all don't howl | alaulumasalaif they don't howl |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menuluy esemif I am howling | senuluy eseŋif you are howling | oluluy eseif he is howling | bizuluy esekif we are howling | sizuluy esegizif you all are howling | alauluy eseleif they are howling |
| Conditional, present real | menulumay esemif I am not howling | senulumay eseŋif you are not howling | olulumay eseif he is not howling | bizulumay esekif we are not howling | sizulumay esegizif you all are not howling | alaulumay eseleif they are not howling |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menulusam ediulusam edif only I howled | senulusaŋ ediulusaŋ edif only you howled | olulusa ediulusaedif only he howled | bizulusaq ediulusaq edif only we howled | sizulusağız ediulusağız edif only you all howled | alaulusala ediulusalaedif only they howled |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menulumasam ediulumasam edif only I didn't howl | senulumasaŋ ediulumasaŋ edif only you didn't howl | olulumasa ediulumasaedif only he didn't howl | bizulumasaq ediulumasaq edif only we didn't howl | sizulumasağız ediulumasağız edif only you all didn't howl | alaulumasala ediulumasalaedif only they didn't howl |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menulub tursamif I carry on howling | senulub tursaŋif you carry on howling | olulub tursaif he carries on howling | bizulub tursaqif we carry on howling | sizulub tursağızif you all carry on howling | alaulub tursalaif they carry on howling |
| Durative conditional | menulub turmasamif I don't carry on howling | senulub turmasaŋif you don't carry on howling | olulub turmasaif he doesn't carry on howling | bizulub turmasaqif we don't carry on howling | sizulub turmasağızif you all don't carry on howling | alaulub turmasalaif they don't carry on howling |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menulub tura esemif I have kept howling | senulub tura eseŋif you have kept howling | olulub tura eseif he has kept howling | bizulub tura esekif we have kept howling | sizulub tura esegizif you all have kept howling | alaulub tura eseleif they have kept howling |
| Durative conditional, present real | menulub turmay esemif I haven't kept howling | senulub turmay eseŋif you haven't kept howling | olulub turmay eseif he hasn't kept howling | bizulub turmay esekif we haven't kept howling | sizulub turmay esegizif you all haven't kept howling | alaulub turmay eseleif they haven't kept howling |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menuluy tursamif I keep howling | senuluy tursaŋif you keep howling | oluluy tursaif he keeps howling | bizuluy tursaqif we keep howling | sizuluy tursağızif you all keep howling | alauluy tursalaif they keep howling |
| Progressive conditional | menulumay tursamif I keep on not howling | senulumay tursaŋif you keep on not howling | olulumay tursaif he keeps on not howling | bizulumay tursaqif we keep on not howling | sizulumay tursağızif you all keep on not howling | alaulumay tursalaif they keep on not howling |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menuluy tura esemif I am in the middle of howling | senuluy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of howling | oluluy tura eseif he is in the middle of howling | bizuluy tura esekif we are in the middle of howling | sizuluy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of howling | alauluy tura eseleif they are in the middle of howling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menulumay tura esemif I keep on not howling | senulumay tura eseŋif you keep on not howling | olulumay tura eseif he keeps on not howling | bizulumay tura esekif we keep on not howling | sizulumay tura esegizif you all keep on not howling | alaulumay tura eseleif they keep on not howling |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menuludum esemif I howled | senuluduŋ eseŋif you howled | oluludu eseif he howled | bizuluduq esekif we howled | sizuluduğuz esegizif you all howled | alauludula eseleif they howled |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menulumadım esemif I didn't howl | senulumadıŋ eseŋif you didn't howl | olulumadı eseif he didn't howl | bizulumadıq esekif we didn't howl | sizulumadığız esegizif you all didn't howl | alaulumadıla eseleif they didn't howl |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menuluğan esemif I did howl (indeed) | senuluğan eseŋif you did howl (indeed) | oluluğan eseif he did howl (indeed) | bizuluğan esekif we did howl (indeed) | sizuluğan esegizif you all did howl (indeed) | alauluğan eseleif they did howl (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menulumağan esemif I didn't howl (indeed) | senulumağan eseŋif you didn't howl (indeed) | olulumağan eseif he didn't howl (indeed) | bizulumağan esekif we didn't howl (indeed) | sizulumağan esegizif you all didn't howl (indeed) | alaulumağan eseleif they didn't howl (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menuluğan bolsamif I had howled | senuluğan bolsaŋif you had howled | oluluğan bolsaif he had howled | bizuluğan bolsaqif we had howled | sizuluğan bolsağızif you all had howled | alauluğan bolsalaif they had howled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menulumağan bolsamif I hadn't howled | senulumağan bolsaŋif you hadn't howled | olulumağan bolsaif he hadn't howled | bizulumağan bolsaqif we hadn't howled | sizulumağan bolsağızif you all hadn't howled | alaulumağan bolsalaif they hadn't howled |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menuluğan bolsam ediuluğan bolsam edif only I had howled | senuluğan bolsaŋ ediuluğan bolsaŋ edif only you had howled | oluluğan bolsa ediuluğan bolsaedif only he had howled | bizuluğan bolsaq ediuluğan bolsaq edif only we had howled | sizuluğan bolsağız ediuluğan bolsağız edif only you all had howled | alauluğan bolsala ediuluğan bolsalaedif only they had howled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menulumağan bolsam ediulumağan bolsam edif only I hadn't howled | senulumağan bolsaŋ ediulumağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't howled | olulumağan bolsa ediulumağan bolsaedif only he hadn't howled | bizulumağan bolsaq ediulumağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't howled | sizulumağan bolsağız ediulumağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't howled | alaulumağan bolsala ediulumağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't howled |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menulur esemif I will howl | senulur eseŋif you will howl | olulur eseif he will howl | bizulur esekif we will howl | sizulur esegizif you all will howl | alaulur eseleif they will howl |
| Conditional, aorist | menulumaz esemif I won't howl | senulumaz eseŋif you won't howl | olulumaz eseif he won't howl | bizulumaz esekif we won't howl | sizulumaz esegizif you all won't howl | alaulumaz eseleif they won't howl |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menuluruq esemif I am going to howl | senuluruq eseŋif you are going to howl | oluluruq eseif he is going to howl | bizuluruq esekif we are going to howl | sizuluruq esegizif you all are going to howl | alauluruq eseleif they are going to howl |
| Conditional, future | menuluruq tül esemif I am not going to howl | senuluruq tül eseŋif you are not going to howl | oluluruq tül eseif he is not going to howl | bizuluruq tül esekif we are not going to howl | sizuluruq tül esegizif you all are not going to howl | alauluruq tül eseleif they are not going to howl |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menuluruq bolsamif I were going to howl | senuluruq bolsaŋif you were going to howl | oluluruq bolsaif he were going to howl | bizuluruq bolsaqif we were going to howl | sizuluruq bolsağızif you all were going to howl | alauluruq bolsalaif they were going to howl |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menulumazlıq bolsamif I were not going to howl | senulumazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to howl | olulumazlıq bolsaif he were not going to howl | bizulumazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to howl | sizulumazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to howl | alaulumazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to howl |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso uluduŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menuluy bolurmaI must be howling | senuluy bolursayou must be howling | oluluy bolurhe must be howling | bizuluy bolurbuzwe must be howling | sizuluy bolursuzyou all must be howling | alauluy bolurlathey must be howling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menulumay bolurmaI must not be howling | senulumay bolursayou must not be howling | olulumay bolurhe must not be howling | bizulumay bolurbuzwe must not be howling | sizulumay bolursuzyou all must not be howling | alaulumay bolurlathey must not be howling |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menuluy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of howling | senuluy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of howling | oluluy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of howling | bizuluy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of howling | sizuluy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of howling | alauluy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of howling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menulumay tura bolurmaI must keep on not howling | senulumay tura bolursayou must keep on not howling | olulumay tura bolurhe must keep on not howling | bizulumay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not howling | sizulumay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not howling | alaulumay tura bolurlathey must keep on not howling |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menuluğan bolurmaI must have howled | senuluğan bolursayou must have howled | oluluğan bolurhe must have howled | bizuluğan bolurbuzwe must have howled | sizuluğan bolursuzyou all must have howled | alauluğan bolurlathey must have howled |
| Inference (must have) | menulumağan bolurmaI must not have howled | senulumağan bolursayou must not have howled | olulumağan bolurhe must not have howled | bizulumağan bolurbuzwe must not have howled | sizulumağan bolursuzyou all must not have howled | alaulumağan bolurlathey must not have howled |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menuluruq bolurmaI must be going to howl | senuluruq bolursayou must be going to howl | oluluruq bolurhe must be going to howl | bizuluruq bolurbuzwe must be going to howl | sizuluruq bolursuzyou all must be going to howl | alauluruq bolurlathey must be going to howl |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menulumazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to howl | senulumazlıq bolursayou must not be going to howl | olulumazlıq bolurhe must not be going to howl | bizulumazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to howl | sizulumazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to howl | alaulumazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to howl |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menuluyumlet me howl | senulu!howl! | olulusunlet him howl | bizuluyuqlet's howl | sizuluğuz!howl, you all! | alaulusunlalet them howl |
| Commands & suggestions | menulumayımlet me not howl | senuluma!don't howl! | olulumasınlet him not howl | bizulumayıqlet's not howl | sizulumağız!don't howl, you all! | alaulumasınlalet them not howl |
| Commands & suggestions | menuluyummu?shall I howl? | olulusunmu?should he howl? | bizuluyuqmu?shall we howl? | alaulusunlamı?should they howl? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menulumayımmı?shall I not howl? | olulumasınmı?should he not howl? | bizulumayıqmı?shall we not howl? | alaulumasınlamı?should they not howl? | ||
| Requests | senuluçu2uluçunplease howl | olulusunçudo let him howl | sizuluçuğuzplease howl (plural/polite) | alaulusunlaçıdo let them howl | ||
| Requests | senulumaçı2ulumaçınplease don't howl | olulumasınçıdo let him not howl | sizulumaçığızplease don't howl (plural/polite) | alaulumasınlaçıdo let them not howl | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senuluğunuluğumay you howl | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senulumağınulumağımay you not howl | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menuluğay edim uluğa edimwould that I howled | senuluğay ediŋ uluğa ediŋwould that you howled | oluluğay edi uluğa ediwould that he howled | bizuluğay edik uluğa edikwould that we howled | sizuluğay edigiz uluğa edigizwould that you all howled | alauluğay edile uluğa edilewould that they howled |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menulumağay edim ulumağa edimwould that I did not howl | senulumağay ediŋ ulumağa ediŋwould that you did not howl | olulumağay edi ulumağa ediwould that he did not howl | bizulumağay edik ulumağa edikwould that we did not howl | sizulumağay edigiz ulumağa edigizwould that you all did not howl | alaulumağay edile ulumağa edilewould that they did not howl |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menulumağa qoyayımuluma qoyayımlet me allow someone to howl | senulumağa qoy!uluma qoy!let someone howl! | olulumağa qoysunuluma qoysunlet him allow someone to howl | bizulumağa qoyayıquluma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to howl | sizulumağa qoyuğuz!uluma qoyuğuz!let someone howl, you all! | alaulumağa qoysunlauluma qoysunlalet them allow someone to howl |
| Let someone… (commands) | menulumağa qoymayımuluma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to howl | senulumağa qoyma!uluma qoyma!don't let someone howl! | olulumağa qoymasınuluma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to howl | bizulumağa qoymayıquluma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to howl | sizulumağa qoymağız!uluma qoymağız!don't let someone howl, you all! | alaulumağa qoymasınlauluma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to howl |
| Let someone… (commands) | menulumağa qoyayımmı?uluma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoysunmu?uluma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoyayıqmı?uluma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoysunlamı?uluma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to howl? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menulumağa qoymayımmı?uluma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoymasınmı?uluma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoymayıqmı?uluma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoymasınlamı?uluma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to howl? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menulumağa qoyamauluma qoyamaI allow someone to howl | senulumağa qoyasauluma qoyasayou allow someone to howl | olulumağa qoyadıuluma qoyadıhe allows someone to howl | bizulumağa qoyabızuluma qoyabızwe allow someone to howl | sizulumağa qoyasızuluma qoyasızyou all allow someone to howl | alaulumağa qoyadılauluma qoyadılathey allow someone to howl |
| Let someone… (present) | menulumağa qoymaymauluma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to howl | senulumağa qoymaysauluma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to howl | olulumağa qoymaydıuluma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to howl | bizulumağa qoymaybızuluma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to howl | sizulumağa qoymaysızuluma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to howl | alaulumağa qoymaydılauluma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to howl |
| Let someone… (present) | menulumağa qoyamamı?uluma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to howl? | senulumağa qoyamısa?uluma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoyamıdı?uluma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoyabızmı?uluma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to howl? | sizulumağa qoyamısız?uluma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoyamıdıla?uluma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to howl? |
| Let someone… (present) | menulumağa qoymaymamı?uluma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to howl? | senulumağa qoymaymısa?uluma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoymaymıdı?uluma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoymaybızmı?uluma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to howl? | sizulumağa qoymaymısız?uluma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoymaymıdıla?uluma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to howl? |
| Let someone… (past) | menulumağa qoydumuluma qoydumI allowed someone to howl | senulumağa qoyduŋuluma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to howl | olulumağa qoyduuluma qoyduhe allowed someone to howl | bizulumağa qoyduquluma qoyduqwe allowed someone to howl | sizulumağa qoyduğuzuluma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to howl | alaulumağa qoydulauluma qoydulathey allowed someone to howl |
| Let someone… (past) | menulumağa qoymadımuluma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to howl | senulumağa qoymadıŋuluma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to howl | olulumağa qoymadıuluma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to howl | bizulumağa qoymadıquluma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to howl | sizulumağa qoymadığızuluma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to howl | alaulumağa qoymadılauluma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to howl |
| Let someone… (past) | menulumağa qoydummu?uluma qoydummu?did I allow someone to howl? | senulumağa qoyduŋmu?uluma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoydumu?uluma qoydumu?did he allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoyduqmu?uluma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to howl? | sizulumağa qoyduğuzmu?uluma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoydulamı?uluma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to howl? |
| Let someone… (past) | menulumağa qoymadımmı?uluma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to howl? | senulumağa qoymadıŋmı?uluma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to howl? | olulumağa qoymadımı?uluma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to howl? | bizulumağa qoymadıqmı?uluma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to howl? | sizulumağa qoymadığızmı?uluma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to howl? | alaulumağa qoymadılamı?uluma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to howl? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
uluyalırğa be able to howl · uluyalmazğa be unable to howl
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menuluyalamaI can howl | senuluyalasayou can howl | oluluyaladıhe can howl | bizuluyalabızwe can howl | sizuluyalasızyou all can howl | alauluyaladılathey can howl |
| Ability — present | menuluyalmaymaI can't howl | senuluyalmaysayou can't howl | oluluyalmaydıhe can't howl | bizuluyalmaybızwe can't howl | sizuluyalmaysızyou all can't howl | alauluyalmaydılathey can't howl |
| Ability — present | menuluyalamamı? uluyalamıma?can I howl? | senuluyalamısa?can you howl? | oluluyalamıdı?can he howl? | bizuluyalabızmı? uluyalamıbız?can we howl? | sizuluyalamısız?can you all howl? | alauluyalamıdıla?can they howl? |
| Ability — present | menuluyalmaymamı? uluyalmaymıma?can't I howl? | senuluyalmaymısa?can't you howl? | oluluyalmaymıdı?can't he howl? | bizuluyalmaybızmı? uluyalmaymıbız?can't we howl? | sizuluyalmaymısız?can't you all howl? | alauluyalmaymıdıla?can't they howl? |
| Ability — if I can… | menuluyalsamif I can howl | senuluyalsaŋif you can howl | oluluyalsaif he can howl | bizuluyalsaqif we can howl | sizuluyalsağızif you all can howl | alauluyalsalaif they can howl |
| Ability — if I can… | menuluyalmasamif I can't howl | senuluyalmasaŋif you can't howl | oluluyalmasaif he can't howl | bizuluyalmasaqif we can't howl | sizuluyalmasağızif you all can't howl | alauluyalmasalaif they can't howl |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menuluyaldımI was able to howl | senuluyaldıŋyou were able to howl | oluluyaldıhe was able to howl | bizuluyaldıqwe were able to howl | sizuluyaldığızyou all were able to howl | alauluyaldılathey were able to howl |
| Ability — simple past | menuluyalmadımI could not howl | senuluyalmadıŋyou could not howl | oluluyalmadıhe could not howl | bizuluyalmadıqwe could not howl | sizuluyalmadığızyou all could not howl | alauluyalmadılathey could not howl |
| Ability — simple past | menuluyaldımmı?was I able to howl? | senuluyaldıŋmı?were you able to howl? | oluluyaldımı?was he able to howl? | bizuluyaldıqmı?were we able to howl? | sizuluyaldığızmı?were you all able to howl? | alauluyaldılamı?were they able to howl? |
| Ability — simple past | menuluyalmadımmı?couldn't I howl? | senuluyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you howl? | oluluyalmadımı?couldn't he howl? | bizuluyalmadıqmı?couldn't we howl? | sizuluyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all howl? | alauluyalmadılamı?couldn't they howl? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuluyalğanmaI have been able to howl | senuluyalğansayou have been able to howl | oluluyalğandıhe has been able to howl | bizuluyalğanbızwe have been able to howl | sizuluyalğansızyou all have been able to howl | alauluyalğandılathey have been able to howl |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuluyalmağanmaI haven't been able to howl | senuluyalmağansayou haven't been able to howl | oluluyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to howl | bizuluyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to howl | sizuluyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to howl | alauluyalmağandılathey haven't been able to howl |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuluyalğanmamı? uluyalğanmıma?have I been able to howl? | senuluyalğanmısa?have you been able to howl? | oluluyalğanmıdı?has he been able to howl? | bizuluyalğanbızmı? uluyalğanmıbız?have we been able to howl? | sizuluyalğanmısız?have you all been able to howl? | alauluyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to howl? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menuluyalmağanmamı? uluyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to howl? | senuluyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to howl? | oluluyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to howl? | bizuluyalmağanbızmı? uluyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to howl? | sizuluyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to howl? | alauluyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to howl? |
| Ability — past perfect | menuluyalğan edimuluyalğanemI had been able to howl | senuluyalğan ediŋuluyalğaneŋyou had been able to howl | oluluyalğan ediuluyalğanedhe had been able to howl | bizuluyalğan edikuluyalğanekwe had been able to howl | sizuluyalğan edigizuluyalğanegizyou all had been able to howl | alauluyalğan edileuluyalğanellethey had been able to howl |
| Ability — past perfect | menuluyalmağan edimuluyalmağanemI hadn't been able to howl | senuluyalmağan ediŋuluyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to howl | oluluyalmağan ediuluyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to howl | bizuluyalmağan edikuluyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to howl | sizuluyalmağan edigizuluyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to howl | alauluyalmağan edileuluyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to howl |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menuluyala edimuluyalaemI could howl | senuluyala ediŋuluyalaeŋyou could howl | oluluyala ediuluyalaedhe could howl | bizuluyala edikuluyalaekwe could howl | sizuluyala edigizuluyalaegizyou all could howl | alauluyala edileuluyalaellethey could howl |
| Ability — past background | menuluyalmay edimuluyalmayemI could not howl | senuluyalmay ediŋuluyalmayeŋyou could not howl | oluluyalmay ediuluyalmayedhe could not howl | bizuluyalmay edikuluyalmayekwe could not howl | sizuluyalmay edigizuluyalmayegizyou all could not howl | alauluyalmay edileuluyalmayellethey could not howl |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menuluyalırmaI will be able to howl | senuluyalırsayou will be able to howl | oluluyalırhe will be able to howl | bizuluyalırbızwe will be able to howl | sizuluyalırsızyou all will be able to howl | alauluyalırlathey will be able to howl |
| Ability — future I | menuluyalmazmaI won't be able to howl | senuluyalmazsayou won't be able to howl | oluluyalmazhe won't be able to howl | bizuluyalmazbızwe won't be able to howl | sizuluyalmazsızyou all won't be able to howl | alauluyalmazlathey won't be able to howl |
| Ability — future I | menuluyalırmamı? uluyalırmıma?will I be able to howl? | senuluyalırmısa?will you be able to howl? | oluluyalırmı?will he be able to howl? | bizuluyalırbızmı? uluyalırmıbız?will we be able to howl? | sizuluyalırmısız?will you all be able to howl? | alauluyalırlamı? uluyalırmıla?will they be able to howl? |
| Ability — future I | menuluyalmazmamı? uluyalmazmıma?won't I be able to howl? | senuluyalmazmısa?won't you be able to howl? | oluluyalmazmı?won't he be able to howl? | bizuluyalmazbızmı? uluyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to howl? | sizuluyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to howl? | alauluyalmazlamı? uluyalmazmıla?won't they be able to howl? |
| Ability — future II | menuluyallıqmaI am going to be able to howl | senuluyallıqsayou are going to be able to howl | oluluyallıqdıhe is going to be able to howl | bizuluyallıqbızwe are going to be able to howl | sizuluyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to howl | alauluyallıqdılathey are going to be able to howl |
| Ability — future II | menuluyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to howl | senuluyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to howl | oluluyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to howl | bizuluyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to howl | sizuluyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to howl | alauluyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to howl |
| Ability — future II | menuluyallıqmamı? uluyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to howl? | senuluyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to howl? | oluluyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to howl? | bizuluyallıqbızmı? uluyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to howl? | sizuluyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to howl? | alauluyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to howl? |
| Ability — future II | menuluyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to howl? | senuluyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to howl? | oluluyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to howl? | bizuluyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to howl? | sizuluyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to howl? | alauluyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to howl? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuluyalır edimuluyalır emI would be able to howl | senuluyalır ediŋuluyalır eŋyou would be able to howl | oluluyalır ediuluyalır edhe would be able to howl | bizuluyalır edikuluyalır ekwe would be able to howl | sizuluyalır edigizuluyalır egizyou all would be able to howl | alauluyalır edileuluyalır ellethey would be able to howl |
| Ability — would be able to… | menuluyalmaz edimuluyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to howl | senuluyalmaz ediŋuluyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to howl | oluluyalmaz ediuluyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to howl | bizuluyalmaz edikuluyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to howl | sizuluyalmaz edigizuluyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to howl | alauluyalmaz edileuluyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to howl |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuluyalğınuluyalğımay you be able to howl | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senuluyalmağınuluyalmağımay you not be able to howl | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menulurğa izleymeI want to howl | senulurğa izleyseyou want to howl | olulurğa izleydihe wants to howl | bizulurğa izleybizwe want to howl | sizulurğa izleysizyou all want to howl | alaulurğa izleydilethey want to howl |
| want to | menulurğa izlemeymeI do not want to howl | senulurğa izlemeyseyou do not want to howl | olulurğa izlemeydihe does not want to howl | bizulurğa izlemeybizwe do not want to howl | sizulurğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to howl | alaulurğa izlemeydilethey do not want to howl |
| would like to | menulurğa süemeI would like to howl | senulurğa süeseyou would like to howl | olulurğa süedihe would like to howl | bizulurğa süebizwe would like to howl | sizulurğa süesizyou all would like to howl | alaulurğa süedilethey would like to howl |
| would like to | menulurğa süymeymeI would not like to howl | senulurğa süymeyseyou would not like to howl | olulurğa süymeydihe would not like to howl | bizulurğa süymeybizwe would not like to howl | sizulurğa süymeysizyou all would not like to howl | alaulurğa süymeydilethey would not like to howl |
| hope to | menulurğa umutlanamaI hope to howl | senulurğa umutlanasayou hope to howl | olulurğa umutlanadıhe hopes to howl | bizulurğa umutlanabızwe hope to howl | sizulurğa umutlanasızyou all hope to howl | alaulurğa umutlanadılathey hope to howl |
| hope to | menulurğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to howl | senulurğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to howl | olulurğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to howl | bizulurğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to howl | sizulurğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to howl | alaulurğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to howl |
| be about to | menulurğa deb turamaI am about to howl | senulurğa deb turasayou are about to howl | olulurğa deb turadıhe is about to howl | bizulurğa deb turabızwe are about to howl | sizulurğa deb turasızyou all are about to howl | alaulurğa deb turadılathey are about to howl |
| be about to | menulurğa deb turmaymaI am not about to howl | senulurğa deb turmaysayou are not about to howl | olulurğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to howl | bizulurğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to howl | sizulurğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to howl | alaulurğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to howl |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menulurğa kerekmeI need to howl | senulurğa kerekseyou need to howl | olulurğa kerekdihe needs to howl | bizulurğa kerekbizwe need to howl | sizulurğa kereksizyou all need to howl | alaulurğa kerekdilethey need to howl |
| need to | menulurğa kerek tülmeI do not need to howl | senulurğa kerek tülseyou do not need to howl | olulurğa kerek tüldühe does not need to howl | bizulurğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to howl | sizulurğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to howl | alaulurğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to howl |
| have to | menmenŋe ulurğa tüşediI have to howl | sensenŋe ulurğa tüşediyou have to howl | olaŋa ulurğa tüşedihe has to howl | bizbizge ulurğa tüşediwe have to howl | sizsizge ulurğa tüşediyou all have to howl | alaalağa ulurğa tüşedithey have to howl |
| have to | menmenŋe ulurğa tüşmeydiI do not have to howl | sensenŋe ulurğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to howl | olaŋa ulurğa tüşmeydihe does not have to howl | bizbizge ulurğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to howl | sizsizge ulurğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to howl | alaalağa ulurğa tüşmeydithey do not have to howl |
| be obliged to | menulurğa borçlumaI am obliged to howl | senulurğa borçlusayou are obliged to howl | olulurğa borçluduhe is obliged to howl | bizulurğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to howl | sizulurğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to howl | alaulurğa borçludulathey are obliged to howl |
| be obliged to | menulurğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to howl | senulurğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to howl | olulurğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to howl | bizulurğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to howl | sizulurğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to howl | alaulurğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to howl |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menulurğa madarım bardıI have a way to howl | senulurğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to howl | olulurğa madarı bardıhe has a way to howl | bizulurğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to howl | sizulurğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to howl | alaulurğa madarları bardıthey have a way to howl |
| have a way to | menulurğa madarım joqduI have no way to howl | senulurğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to howl | olulurğa madarı joqduhe has no way to howl | bizulurğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to howl | sizulurğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to howl | alaulurğa madarları joqduthey have no way to howl |
| be free to | menulurğa erkinligim bardıI am free to howl | senulurğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to howl | olulurğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to howl | bizulurğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to howl | sizulurğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to howl | alaulurğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to howl |
| be free to | menulurğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to howl | senulurğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to howl | olulurğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to howl | bizulurğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to howl | sizulurğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to howl | alaulurğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to howl |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for me to howl | sensenŋe ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you to howl | olaŋa ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for him to howl | bizbizge ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for us to howl | sizsizge ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to howl | alaalağa ulurğa bolluqduit is possible for them to howl |
| be possible to | menmenŋe ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to howl | sensenŋe ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to howl | olaŋa ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to howl | bizbizge ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to howl | sizsizge ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to howl | alaalağa ulurğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to howl |
| be ready to | menulurğa hazırmaI am ready to howl | senulurğa hazırsayou are ready to howl | olulurğa hazırdıhe is ready to howl | bizulurğa hazırbızwe are ready to howl | sizulurğa hazırsızyou all are ready to howl | alaulurğa hazırdılathey are ready to howl |
| be ready to | menulurğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to howl | senulurğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to howl | olulurğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to howl | bizulurğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to howl | sizulurğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to howl | alaulurğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to howl |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menulurğa küreşemeI am trying to howl | senulurğa küreşeseyou are trying to howl | olulurğa küreşedihe is trying to howl | bizulurğa küreşebizwe are trying to howl | sizulurğa küreşesizyou all are trying to howl | alaulurğa küreşedilethey are trying to howl |
| try to | menulurğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to howl | senulurğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to howl | olulurğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to howl | bizulurğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to howl | sizulurğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to howl | alaulurğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to howl |
| agree to | menulurğa unaymaI agree to howl | senulurğa unaysayou agree to howl | olulurğa unaydıhe agrees to howl | bizulurğa unaybızwe agree to howl | sizulurğa unaysızyou all agree to howl | alaulurğa unaydılathey agree to howl |
| agree to | menulurğa unamaymaI refuse to howl | senulurğa unamaysayou refuse to howl | olulurğa unamaydıhe refuses to howl | bizulurğa unamaybızwe refuse to howl | sizulurğa unamaysızyou all refuse to howl | alaulurğa unamaydılathey refuse to howl |
| hurry to | menulurğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to howl | senulurğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to howl | olulurğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to howl | bizulurğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to howl | sizulurğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to howl | alaulurğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to howl |
| hurry to | menulurğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to howl | senulurğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to howl | olulurğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to howl | bizulurğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to howl | sizulurğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to howl | alaulurğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to howl |
| be afraid to | menulurğa qorqamaI am afraid to howl | senulurğa qorqasayou are afraid to howl | olulurğa qorqadıhe is afraid to howl | bizulurğa qorqabızwe are afraid to howl | sizulurğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to howl | alaulurğa qorqadılathey are afraid to howl |
| be afraid to | menulurğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to howl | senulurğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to howl | olulurğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to howl | bizulurğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to howl | sizulurğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to howl | alaulurğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to howl |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menuluy bolmazmaI can't be howling | senuluy bolmazsayou can't be howling | oluluy bolmazhe can't be howling | bizuluy bolmazbızwe can't be howling | sizuluy bolmazsızyou all can't be howling | alauluy bolmazlathey can't be howling |
| Inference, present — double negation | menulumay bolmazmaI must be howling (emphatic) | senulumay bolmazsayou must be howling (emphatic) | olulumay bolmazhe must be howling (emphatic) | bizulumay bolmazbızwe must be howling (emphatic) | sizulumay bolmazsızyou all must be howling (emphatic) | alaulumay bolmazlathey must be howling (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menuluy turmasamif I don't keep howling | senuluy turmasaŋif you don't keep howling | oluluy turmasaif he doesn't keep howling | bizuluy turmasaqif we don't keep howling | sizuluy turmasağızif you all don't keep howling | alauluy turmasalaif they don't keep howling |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menuluy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of howling | senuluy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of howling | oluluy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of howling | bizuluy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of howling | sizuluy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of howling | alauluy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of howling |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menulumay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not howling (emphatic) | senulumay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not howling (emphatic) | olulumay tura bolmazhe must keep on not howling (emphatic) | bizulumay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not howling (emphatic) | sizulumay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not howling (emphatic) | alaulumay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not howling (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menulumay turamaI keep on not howling | senulumay turasayou keep on not howling | olulumay turadıhe keeps on not howling | bizulumay turabızwe keep on not howling | sizulumay turasızyou all keep on not howling | alaulumay turadılathey keep on not howling |
| Progressive — double negation | menulumay turmaymaI am not keeping on not howling | senulumay turmaysayou are not keeping on not howling | olulumay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not howling | bizulumay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not howling | sizulumay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not howling | alaulumay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not howling |
| Progressive — double negation | menulumay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not howling? | senulumay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not howling? | olulumay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not howling? | bizulumay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not howling? | sizulumay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not howling? | alaulumay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not howling? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menuluğan bolmazmaI can't have howled | senuluğan bolmazsayou can't have howled | oluluğan bolmazhe can't have howled | bizuluğan bolmazbızwe can't have howled | sizuluğan bolmazsızyou all can't have howled | alauluğan bolmazlathey can't have howled |
| Inference — double negation | menulumağan bolmazmaI must have howled (emphatic) | senulumağan bolmazsayou must have howled (emphatic) | olulumağan bolmazhe must have howled (emphatic) | bizulumağan bolmazbızwe must have howled (emphatic) | sizulumağan bolmazsızyou all must have howled (emphatic) | alaulumağan bolmazlathey must have howled (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menuluğan bolmasamif it weren't that I had howled | senuluğan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had howled | oluluğan bolmasaif it weren't that he had howled | bizuluğan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had howled | sizuluğan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had howled | alauluğan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had howled |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menulumağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't howled | senulumağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't howled | olulumağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't howled | bizulumağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't howled | sizulumağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't howled | alaulumağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't howled |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menuluruq bolmazmaI can't be going to howl | senuluruq bolmazsayou can't be going to howl | oluluruq bolmazhe can't be going to howl | bizuluruq bolmazbızwe can't be going to howl | sizuluruq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to howl | alauluruq bolmazlathey can't be going to howl |
| Inference, future — double negation | menulumazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to howl (emphatic) | senulumazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to howl (emphatic) | olulumazlıq bolmazhe must be going to howl (emphatic) | bizulumazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to howl (emphatic) | sizulumazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to howl (emphatic) | alaulumazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to howl (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menuluruq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to howl | senuluruq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to howl | oluluruq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to howl | bizuluruq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to howl | sizuluruq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to howl | alauluruq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to howl |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menulumazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to howl | senulumazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to howl | olulumazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to howl | bizulumazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to howl | sizulumazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to howl | alaulumazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to howl |