qaşırğa
/qaʃɯrʁa/
scratch, scrape (especially to relieve an itch)
- it kesin qaşıydı — the dog is scratching itself
- men qolumu qaşıyma — I am scratching my hand
- ol arqasın qaşıdı — he scratched his back
- bir birin qaşıydıla — they scratch each other
- başıŋı qaşırğa — to scratch your head
- jelkeŋi qaşırğa — to scratch the back of your neck
Expressions
- başın qaşırğa zaman tapmazğa — be swamped
- eski tırnaq arqa qaşırğa jarar — respect your elders
- jelkesin qaşırğa — regret it; be at a loss
Conjugation
Common forms
- qaşıydıhe is scratching
- qaşıdıhe scratched
- qaşığandıhe has scratched
- qaşırhe will scratch
- qaşırıqdıhe is going to scratch
- qaşıy edihe was scratching
- qaşısaif he scratches
- qaşı!scratch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaşıymaI am scratching | senqaşıysayou are scratching | olqaşıydıhe is scratching | bizqaşıybızwe are scratching | sizqaşıysızyou all are scratching | alaqaşıydılathey are scratching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaşımaymaI am not scratching | senqaşımaysayou are not scratching | olqaşımaydıhe is not scratching | bizqaşımaybızwe are not scratching | sizqaşımaysızyou all are not scratching | alaqaşımaydılathey are not scratching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaşıymamı? qaşıymıma?am I scratching? | senqaşıymısa?are you scratching? | olqaşıymıdı?is he scratching? | bizqaşıybızmı? qaşıymıbız?are we scratching? | sizqaşıymısız?are you all scratching? | alaqaşıymıdıla?are they scratching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menqaşımaymamı? qaşımaymıma?aren't I scratching? | senqaşımaymısa?aren't you scratching? | olqaşımaymıdı?isn't he scratching? | bizqaşımaybızmı? qaşımaymıbız?aren't we scratching? | sizqaşımaymısız?aren't you all scratching? | alaqaşımaymıdıla?aren't they scratching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaşıwçanmaI usually scratch | senqaşıwçansayou usually scratch | olqaşıwçandıhe usually scratches | bizqaşıwçanbızwe usually scratch | sizqaşıwçansızyou all usually scratch | alaqaşıwçandılathey usually scratch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaşımawçanmaI usually don't scratch | senqaşımawçansayou usually don't scratch | olqaşımawçandıhe usually doesn't scratch | bizqaşımawçanbızwe usually don't scratch | sizqaşımawçansızyou all usually don't scratch | alaqaşımawçandılathey usually don't scratch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaşıwçanmamı? qaşıwçanmıma?do I usually scratch? | senqaşıwçanmısa?do you usually scratch? | olqaşıwçanmıdı?does he usually scratch? | bizqaşıwçanbızmı? qaşıwçanmıbız?do we usually scratch? | sizqaşıwçanmısız?do you all usually scratch? | alaqaşıwçanmıdıla?do they usually scratch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menqaşımawçanmamı? qaşımawçanmıma?do I usually not scratch? | senqaşımawçanmısa?do you usually not scratch? | olqaşımawçanmıdı?does he usually not scratch? | bizqaşımawçanbızmı? qaşımawçanmıbız?do we usually not scratch? | sizqaşımawçanmısız?do you all usually not scratch? | alaqaşımawçanmıdıla?do they usually not scratch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqaşıbdıhe has scratched and remains so | alaqaşıbdılathey have scratched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olqaşıbmıdı?has he scratched? | alaqaşıbmıdıla?have they scratched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqaşıb turamaI keep scratching | senqaşıb turasayou keep scratching | olqaşıb turadıhe keeps scratching | bizqaşıb turabızwe keep scratching | sizqaşıb turasızyou all keep scratching | alaqaşıb turadılathey keep scratching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqaşıb turmaymaI don't keep scratching | senqaşıb turmaysayou don't keep scratching | olqaşıb turmaydıhe doesn't keep scratching | bizqaşıb turmaybızwe don't keep scratching | sizqaşıb turmaysızyou all don't keep scratching | alaqaşıb turmaydılathey don't keep scratching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqaşıb turamamı? qaşıb turamıma?do I keep scratching? | senqaşıb turamısa?do you keep scratching? | olqaşıb turamıdı?does he keep scratching? | bizqaşıb turabızmı? qaşıb turamıbız?do we keep scratching? | sizqaşıb turamısız?do you all keep scratching? | alaqaşıb turamıdıla?do they keep scratching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menqaşıb turmaymamı? qaşıb turmaymıma?don't I keep scratching? | senqaşıb turmaymısa?don't you keep scratching? | olqaşıb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep scratching? | bizqaşıb turmaybızmı? qaşıb turmaymıbız?don't we keep scratching? | sizqaşıb turmaymısız?don't you all keep scratching? | alaqaşıb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep scratching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaşıy turamaI am in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy turasayou are in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy turadıhe is in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy turabızwe are in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy turasızyou all are in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy turadılathey are in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaşıy turmaymaI am not in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy turmaysayou are not in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy turmaydıhe is not in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy turmaybızwe are not in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy turmaydılathey are not in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaşıy turamamı? qaşıy turamıma?am I in the middle of scratching? | senqaşıy turamısa?are you in the middle of scratching? | olqaşıy turamıdı?is he in the middle of scratching? | bizqaşıy turabızmı? qaşıy turamıbız?are we in the middle of scratching? | sizqaşıy turamısız?are you all in the middle of scratching? | alaqaşıy turamıdıla?are they in the middle of scratching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menqaşıy turmaymamı? qaşıy turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of scratching? | senqaşıy turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of scratching? | olqaşıy turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of scratching? | bizqaşıy turmaybızmı? qaşıy turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of scratching? | sizqaşıy turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of scratching? | alaqaşıy turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of scratching? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaşıdımI scratched | senqaşıdıŋyou scratched | olqaşıdıhe scratched | bizqaşıdıqwe scratched | sizqaşıdığızyou all scratched | alaqaşıdılathey scratched |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaşımadımI didn't scratch | senqaşımadıŋyou didn't scratch | olqaşımadıhe didn't scratch | bizqaşımadıqwe didn't scratch | sizqaşımadığızyou all didn't scratch | alaqaşımadılathey didn't scratch |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaşıdımmı?did I scratch? | senqaşıdıŋmı?did you scratch? | olqaşıdımı?did he scratch? | bizqaşıdıqmı?did we scratch? | sizqaşıdığızmı?did you all scratch? | alaqaşıdılamı?did they scratch? |
| Simple past (definite) | menqaşımadımmı?didn't I scratch? | senqaşımadıŋmı?didn't you scratch? | olqaşımadımı?didn't he scratch? | bizqaşımadıqmı?didn't we scratch? | sizqaşımadığızmı?didn't you all scratch? | alaqaşımadılamı?didn't they scratch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaşığanmaI have scratched | senqaşığansayou have scratched | olqaşığandıhe has scratched | bizqaşığanbızwe have scratched | sizqaşığansızyou all have scratched | alaqaşığandılathey have scratched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaşımağanmaI haven't scratched | senqaşımağansayou haven't scratched | olqaşımağandıhe hasn't scratched | bizqaşımağanbızwe haven't scratched | sizqaşımağansızyou all haven't scratched | alaqaşımağandılathey haven't scratched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaşığanmamı? qaşığanmıma?have I scratched? | senqaşığanmısa?have you scratched? | olqaşığanmıdı?has he scratched? | bizqaşığanbızmı? qaşığanmıbız?have we scratched? | sizqaşığanmısız?have you all scratched? | alaqaşığanmıdıla?have they scratched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menqaşımağanmamı? qaşımağanmıma?haven't I scratched? | senqaşımağanmısa?haven't you scratched? | olqaşımağanmıdı?hasn't he scratched? | bizqaşımağanbızmı? qaşımağanmıbız?haven't we scratched? | sizqaşımağanmısız?haven't you all scratched? | alaqaşımağanmıdıla?haven't they scratched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqaşıb turdumI kept scratching | senqaşıb turduŋyou kept scratching | olqaşıb turduhe kept scratching | bizqaşıb turduqwe kept scratching | sizqaşıb turduğuzyou all kept scratching | alaqaşıb turdulathey kept scratching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menqaşıb turmadımI didn't keep scratching | senqaşıb turmadıŋyou didn't keep scratching | olqaşıb turmadıhe didn't keep scratching | bizqaşıb turmadıqwe didn't keep scratching | sizqaşıb turmadığızyou all didn't keep scratching | alaqaşıb turmadılathey didn't keep scratching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaşırmaI will scratch | senqaşırsayou will scratch | olqaşırhe will scratch | bizqaşırbızwe will scratch | sizqaşırsızyou all will scratch | alaqaşırlathey will scratch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaşımazmaI won't scratch | senqaşımazsayou won't scratch | olqaşımazhe won't scratch | bizqaşımazbızwe won't scratch | sizqaşımazsızyou all won't scratch | alaqaşımazlathey won't scratch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaşırmamı? qaşırmıma?will I scratch? | senqaşırmısa?will you scratch? | olqaşırmı?will he scratch? | bizqaşırbızmı? qaşırmıbız?will we scratch? | sizqaşırmısız?will you all scratch? | alaqaşırlamı? qaşırmıla?will they scratch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menqaşımazmamı? qaşımazmıma?won't I scratch? | senqaşımazmısa?won't you scratch? | olqaşımazmı?won't he scratch? | bizqaşımazbızmı? qaşımazmıbız?won't we scratch? | sizqaşımazmısız?won't you all scratch? | alaqaşımazlamı? qaşımazmıla?won't they scratch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqaşırıqmaI am going to scratch | senqaşırıqsayou are going to scratch | olqaşırıqdıhe is going to scratch | bizqaşırıqbızwe are going to scratch | sizqaşırıqsızyou all are going to scratch | alaqaşırıqdılathey are going to scratch |
| Definite future (future II) | menqaşırıq tülmeI am not going to scratch | senqaşırıq tülseyou are not going to scratch | olqaşırıq tüldühe is not going to scratch | bizqaşırıq tülbüzwe are not going to scratch | sizqaşırıq tülsüzyou all are not going to scratch | alaqaşırıq tüldülethey are not going to scratch |
| Definite future (future II) | menqaşırıqmamı? qaşırıqmıma?am I going to scratch? | senqaşırıqmısa?are you going to scratch? | olqaşırıqmıdı?is he going to scratch? | bizqaşırıqbızmı? qaşırıqmıbız?are we going to scratch? | sizqaşırıqmısız?are you all going to scratch? | alaqaşırıqmıdıla?are they going to scratch? |
| Definite future (future II) | menqaşırıq tülmüme?aren't I going to scratch? | senqaşırıq tülmüse?aren't you going to scratch? | olqaşırıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to scratch? | bizqaşırıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to scratch? | sizqaşırıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to scratch? | alaqaşırıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to scratch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqaşığan edimqaşığanemI had scratched | senqaşığan ediŋqaşığaneŋyou had scratched | olqaşığan ediqaşığanedhe had scratched | bizqaşığan edikqaşığanekwe had scratched | sizqaşığan edigizqaşığanegizyou all had scratched | alaqaşığan edileqaşığanellethey had scratched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menqaşımağan edimqaşımağanemI hadn't scratched | senqaşımağan ediŋqaşımağaneŋyou hadn't scratched | olqaşımağan ediqaşımağanedhe hadn't scratched | bizqaşımağan edikqaşımağanekwe hadn't scratched | sizqaşımağan edigizqaşımağanegizyou all hadn't scratched | alaqaşımağan edileqaşımağanellethey hadn't scratched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqaşıy edimqaşıyemI was scratching | senqaşıy ediŋqaşıyeŋyou were scratching | olqaşıy ediqaşıyedhe was scratching | bizqaşıy edikqaşıyekwe were scratching | sizqaşıy edigizqaşıyegizyou all were scratching | alaqaşıy edileqaşıyellethey were scratching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menqaşımay edimqaşımayemI wasn't scratching | senqaşımay ediŋqaşımayeŋyou weren't scratching | olqaşımay ediqaşımayedhe wasn't scratching | bizqaşımay edikqaşımayekwe weren't scratching | sizqaşımay edigizqaşımayegizyou all weren't scratching | alaqaşımay edileqaşımayellethey weren't scratching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menqaşıwçan edimqaşıwçanemI used to scratch | senqaşıwçan ediŋqaşıwçaneŋyou used to scratch | olqaşıwçan ediqaşıwçanedhe used to scratch | bizqaşıwçan edikqaşıwçanekwe used to scratch | sizqaşıwçan edigizqaşıwçanegizyou all used to scratch | alaqaşıwçan edileqaşıwçanellethey used to scratch |
| Habitual past (used to) | menqaşımawçan edimqaşımawçanemI didn't use to scratch | senqaşımawçan ediŋqaşımawçaneŋyou didn't use to scratch | olqaşımawçan ediqaşımawçanedhe didn't use to scratch | bizqaşımawçan edikqaşımawçanekwe didn't use to scratch | sizqaşımawçan edigizqaşımawçanegizyou all didn't use to scratch | alaqaşımawçan edileqaşımawçanellethey didn't use to scratch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqaşıb edihe had scratched and remained so | alaqaşıb edilethey had scratched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olqaşıb tül edihe hadn't scratched | alaqaşıb tül edilethey hadn't scratched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqaşıb tura edimqaşıb turaemI had kept scratching | senqaşıb tura ediŋqaşıb turaeŋyou had kept scratching | olqaşıb tura ediqaşıb turaedhe had kept scratching | bizqaşıb tura edikqaşıb turaekwe had kept scratching | sizqaşıb tura edigizqaşıb turaegizyou all had kept scratching | alaqaşıb tura edileqaşıb turaellethey had kept scratching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menqaşıb turmay edimqaşıb turmayemI hadn't kept scratching | senqaşıb turmay ediŋqaşıb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept scratching | olqaşıb turmay ediqaşıb turmayedhe hadn't kept scratching | bizqaşıb turmay edikqaşıb turmayekwe hadn't kept scratching | sizqaşıb turmay edigizqaşıb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept scratching | alaqaşıb turmay edileqaşıb turmayellethey hadn't kept scratching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaşıy tura edimqaşıy turaemI was in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy tura ediŋqaşıy turaeŋyou were in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy tura ediqaşıy turaedhe was in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy tura edikqaşıy turaekwe were in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy tura edigizqaşıy turaegizyou all were in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy tura edileqaşıy turaellethey were in the middle of scratching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menqaşıy turmay edimqaşıy turmayemI wasn't in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy turmay ediŋqaşıy turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy turmay ediqaşıy turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy turmay edikqaşıy turmayekwe weren't in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy turmay edigizqaşıy turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy turmay edileqaşıy turmayellethey weren't in the middle of scratching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menqaşır edimqaşır emI would scratch | senqaşır ediŋqaşır eŋyou would scratch | olqaşır ediqaşır edhe would scratch | bizqaşır edikqaşır ekwe would scratch | sizqaşır edigizqaşır egizyou all would scratch | alaqaşır edileqaşır ellethey would scratch |
| Conditional result (would) | menqaşımaz edimqaşımaz emI wouldn't scratch | senqaşımaz ediŋqaşımaz eŋyou wouldn't scratch | olqaşımaz ediqaşımaz edhe wouldn't scratch | bizqaşımaz edikqaşımaz ekwe wouldn't scratch | sizqaşımaz edigizqaşımaz egizyou all wouldn't scratch | alaqaşımaz edileqaşımaz ellethey wouldn't scratch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqaşırıq edimqaşırıq emI would have scratched | senqaşırıq ediŋqaşırıq eŋyou would have scratched | olqaşırıq ediqaşırıq edhe would have scratched | bizqaşırıq edikqaşırıq ekwe would have scratched | sizqaşırıq edigizqaşırıq egizyou all would have scratched | alaqaşırıq edileqaşırıq ellethey would have scratched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menqaşırıq tül edimqaşırıq tül emI wouldn't have scratched | senqaşırıq tül ediŋqaşırıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have scratched | olqaşırıq tül ediqaşırıq tül edhe wouldn't have scratched | bizqaşırıq tül edikqaşırıq tül ekwe wouldn't have scratched | sizqaşırıq tül edigizqaşırıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have scratched | alaqaşırıq tül edileqaşırıq tül ellethey wouldn't have scratched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menqaşısamif I scratch | senqaşısaŋif you scratch | olqaşısaif he scratches | bizqaşısaqif we scratch | sizqaşısağızif you all scratch | alaqaşısalaif they scratch |
| Conditional | menqaşımasamif I don't scratch | senqaşımasaŋif you don't scratch | olqaşımasaif he doesn't scratch | bizqaşımasaqif we don't scratch | sizqaşımasağızif you all don't scratch | alaqaşımasalaif they don't scratch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menqaşıy esemif I am scratching | senqaşıy eseŋif you are scratching | olqaşıy eseif he is scratching | bizqaşıy esekif we are scratching | sizqaşıy esegizif you all are scratching | alaqaşıy eseleif they are scratching |
| Conditional, present real | menqaşımay esemif I am not scratching | senqaşımay eseŋif you are not scratching | olqaşımay eseif he is not scratching | bizqaşımay esekif we are not scratching | sizqaşımay esegizif you all are not scratching | alaqaşımay eseleif they are not scratching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqaşısam ediqaşısam edif only I scratched | senqaşısaŋ ediqaşısaŋ edif only you scratched | olqaşısa ediqaşısaedif only he scratched | bizqaşısaq ediqaşısaq edif only we scratched | sizqaşısağız ediqaşısağız edif only you all scratched | alaqaşısala ediqaşısalaedif only they scratched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menqaşımasam ediqaşımasam edif only I didn't scratch | senqaşımasaŋ ediqaşımasaŋ edif only you didn't scratch | olqaşımasa ediqaşımasaedif only he didn't scratch | bizqaşımasaq ediqaşımasaq edif only we didn't scratch | sizqaşımasağız ediqaşımasağız edif only you all didn't scratch | alaqaşımasala ediqaşımasalaedif only they didn't scratch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menqaşıb tursamif I carry on scratching | senqaşıb tursaŋif you carry on scratching | olqaşıb tursaif he carries on scratching | bizqaşıb tursaqif we carry on scratching | sizqaşıb tursağızif you all carry on scratching | alaqaşıb tursalaif they carry on scratching |
| Durative conditional | menqaşıb turmasamif I don't carry on scratching | senqaşıb turmasaŋif you don't carry on scratching | olqaşıb turmasaif he doesn't carry on scratching | bizqaşıb turmasaqif we don't carry on scratching | sizqaşıb turmasağızif you all don't carry on scratching | alaqaşıb turmasalaif they don't carry on scratching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menqaşıb tura esemif I have kept scratching | senqaşıb tura eseŋif you have kept scratching | olqaşıb tura eseif he has kept scratching | bizqaşıb tura esekif we have kept scratching | sizqaşıb tura esegizif you all have kept scratching | alaqaşıb tura eseleif they have kept scratching |
| Durative conditional, present real | menqaşıb turmay esemif I haven't kept scratching | senqaşıb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept scratching | olqaşıb turmay eseif he hasn't kept scratching | bizqaşıb turmay esekif we haven't kept scratching | sizqaşıb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept scratching | alaqaşıb turmay eseleif they haven't kept scratching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menqaşıy tursamif I keep scratching | senqaşıy tursaŋif you keep scratching | olqaşıy tursaif he keeps scratching | bizqaşıy tursaqif we keep scratching | sizqaşıy tursağızif you all keep scratching | alaqaşıy tursalaif they keep scratching |
| Progressive conditional | menqaşımay tursamif I keep on not scratching | senqaşımay tursaŋif you keep on not scratching | olqaşımay tursaif he keeps on not scratching | bizqaşımay tursaqif we keep on not scratching | sizqaşımay tursağızif you all keep on not scratching | alaqaşımay tursalaif they keep on not scratching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqaşıy tura esemif I am in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy tura eseŋif you are in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy tura eseif he is in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy tura esekif we are in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy tura esegizif you all are in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy tura eseleif they are in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menqaşımay tura esemif I keep on not scratching | senqaşımay tura eseŋif you keep on not scratching | olqaşımay tura eseif he keeps on not scratching | bizqaşımay tura esekif we keep on not scratching | sizqaşımay tura esegizif you all keep on not scratching | alaqaşımay tura eseleif they keep on not scratching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaşıdım esemif I scratched | senqaşıdıŋ eseŋif you scratched | olqaşıdı eseif he scratched | bizqaşıdıq esekif we scratched | sizqaşıdığız esegizif you all scratched | alaqaşıdıla eseleif they scratched |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menqaşımadım esemif I didn't scratch | senqaşımadıŋ eseŋif you didn't scratch | olqaşımadı eseif he didn't scratch | bizqaşımadıq esekif we didn't scratch | sizqaşımadığız esegizif you all didn't scratch | alaqaşımadıla eseleif they didn't scratch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menqaşığan esemif I did scratch (indeed) | senqaşığan eseŋif you did scratch (indeed) | olqaşığan eseif he did scratch (indeed) | bizqaşığan esekif we did scratch (indeed) | sizqaşığan esegizif you all did scratch (indeed) | alaqaşığan eseleif they did scratch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menqaşımağan esemif I didn't scratch (indeed) | senqaşımağan eseŋif you didn't scratch (indeed) | olqaşımağan eseif he didn't scratch (indeed) | bizqaşımağan esekif we didn't scratch (indeed) | sizqaşımağan esegizif you all didn't scratch (indeed) | alaqaşımağan eseleif they didn't scratch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqaşığan bolsamif I had scratched | senqaşığan bolsaŋif you had scratched | olqaşığan bolsaif he had scratched | bizqaşığan bolsaqif we had scratched | sizqaşığan bolsağızif you all had scratched | alaqaşığan bolsalaif they had scratched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menqaşımağan bolsamif I hadn't scratched | senqaşımağan bolsaŋif you hadn't scratched | olqaşımağan bolsaif he hadn't scratched | bizqaşımağan bolsaqif we hadn't scratched | sizqaşımağan bolsağızif you all hadn't scratched | alaqaşımağan bolsalaif they hadn't scratched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqaşığan bolsam ediqaşığan bolsam edif only I had scratched | senqaşığan bolsaŋ ediqaşığan bolsaŋ edif only you had scratched | olqaşığan bolsa ediqaşığan bolsaedif only he had scratched | bizqaşığan bolsaq ediqaşığan bolsaq edif only we had scratched | sizqaşığan bolsağız ediqaşığan bolsağız edif only you all had scratched | alaqaşığan bolsala ediqaşığan bolsalaedif only they had scratched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menqaşımağan bolsam ediqaşımağan bolsam edif only I hadn't scratched | senqaşımağan bolsaŋ ediqaşımağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't scratched | olqaşımağan bolsa ediqaşımağan bolsaedif only he hadn't scratched | bizqaşımağan bolsaq ediqaşımağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't scratched | sizqaşımağan bolsağız ediqaşımağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't scratched | alaqaşımağan bolsala ediqaşımağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't scratched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menqaşır esemif I will scratch | senqaşır eseŋif you will scratch | olqaşır eseif he will scratch | bizqaşır esekif we will scratch | sizqaşır esegizif you all will scratch | alaqaşır eseleif they will scratch |
| Conditional, aorist | menqaşımaz esemif I won't scratch | senqaşımaz eseŋif you won't scratch | olqaşımaz eseif he won't scratch | bizqaşımaz esekif we won't scratch | sizqaşımaz esegizif you all won't scratch | alaqaşımaz eseleif they won't scratch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menqaşırıq esemif I am going to scratch | senqaşırıq eseŋif you are going to scratch | olqaşırıq eseif he is going to scratch | bizqaşırıq esekif we are going to scratch | sizqaşırıq esegizif you all are going to scratch | alaqaşırıq eseleif they are going to scratch |
| Conditional, future | menqaşırıq tül esemif I am not going to scratch | senqaşırıq tül eseŋif you are not going to scratch | olqaşırıq tül eseif he is not going to scratch | bizqaşırıq tül esekif we are not going to scratch | sizqaşırıq tül esegizif you all are not going to scratch | alaqaşırıq tül eseleif they are not going to scratch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqaşırıq bolsamif I were going to scratch | senqaşırıq bolsaŋif you were going to scratch | olqaşırıq bolsaif he were going to scratch | bizqaşırıq bolsaqif we were going to scratch | sizqaşırıq bolsağızif you all were going to scratch | alaqaşırıq bolsalaif they were going to scratch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menqaşımazlıq bolsamif I were not going to scratch | senqaşımazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to scratch | olqaşımazlıq bolsaif he were not going to scratch | bizqaşımazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to scratch | sizqaşımazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to scratch | alaqaşımazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to scratch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso qaşıdıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqaşıy bolurmaI must be scratching | senqaşıy bolursayou must be scratching | olqaşıy bolurhe must be scratching | bizqaşıy bolurbuzwe must be scratching | sizqaşıy bolursuzyou all must be scratching | alaqaşıy bolurlathey must be scratching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menqaşımay bolurmaI must not be scratching | senqaşımay bolursayou must not be scratching | olqaşımay bolurhe must not be scratching | bizqaşımay bolurbuzwe must not be scratching | sizqaşımay bolursuzyou all must not be scratching | alaqaşımay bolurlathey must not be scratching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqaşıy tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy tura bolursayou must be in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy tura bolurhe must be in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of scratching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menqaşımay tura bolurmaI must keep on not scratching | senqaşımay tura bolursayou must keep on not scratching | olqaşımay tura bolurhe must keep on not scratching | bizqaşımay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not scratching | sizqaşımay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not scratching | alaqaşımay tura bolurlathey must keep on not scratching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menqaşığan bolurmaI must have scratched | senqaşığan bolursayou must have scratched | olqaşığan bolurhe must have scratched | bizqaşığan bolurbuzwe must have scratched | sizqaşığan bolursuzyou all must have scratched | alaqaşığan bolurlathey must have scratched |
| Inference (must have) | menqaşımağan bolurmaI must not have scratched | senqaşımağan bolursayou must not have scratched | olqaşımağan bolurhe must not have scratched | bizqaşımağan bolurbuzwe must not have scratched | sizqaşımağan bolursuzyou all must not have scratched | alaqaşımağan bolurlathey must not have scratched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqaşırıq bolurmaI must be going to scratch | senqaşırıq bolursayou must be going to scratch | olqaşırıq bolurhe must be going to scratch | bizqaşırıq bolurbuzwe must be going to scratch | sizqaşırıq bolursuzyou all must be going to scratch | alaqaşırıq bolurlathey must be going to scratch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menqaşımazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to scratch | senqaşımazlıq bolursayou must not be going to scratch | olqaşımazlıq bolurhe must not be going to scratch | bizqaşımazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to scratch | sizqaşımazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to scratch | alaqaşımazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to scratch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menqaşıyımlet me scratch | senqaşı!scratch! | olqaşısınlet him scratch | bizqaşıyıqlet's scratch | sizqaşığız!scratch, you all! | alaqaşısınlalet them scratch |
| Commands & suggestions | menqaşımayımlet me not scratch | senqaşıma!don't scratch! | olqaşımasınlet him not scratch | bizqaşımayıqlet's not scratch | sizqaşımağız!don't scratch, you all! | alaqaşımasınlalet them not scratch |
| Commands & suggestions | menqaşıyımmı?shall I scratch? | olqaşısınmı?should he scratch? | bizqaşıyıqmı?shall we scratch? | alaqaşısınlamı?should they scratch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menqaşımayımmı?shall I not scratch? | olqaşımasınmı?should he not scratch? | bizqaşımayıqmı?shall we not scratch? | alaqaşımasınlamı?should they not scratch? | ||
| Requests | senqaşıçı2qaşıçınplease scratch | olqaşısınçıdo let him scratch | sizqaşıçığızplease scratch (plural/polite) | alaqaşısınlaçıdo let them scratch | ||
| Requests | senqaşımaçı2qaşımaçınplease don't scratch | olqaşımasınçıdo let him not scratch | sizqaşımaçığızplease don't scratch (plural/polite) | alaqaşımasınlaçıdo let them not scratch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqaşığınqaşığımay you scratch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senqaşımağınqaşımağımay you not scratch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqaşığay edim qaşığa edimwould that I scratched | senqaşığay ediŋ qaşığa ediŋwould that you scratched | olqaşığay edi qaşığa ediwould that he scratched | bizqaşığay edik qaşığa edikwould that we scratched | sizqaşığay edigiz qaşığa edigizwould that you all scratched | alaqaşığay edile qaşığa edilewould that they scratched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menqaşımağay edim qaşımağa edimwould that I did not scratch | senqaşımağay ediŋ qaşımağa ediŋwould that you did not scratch | olqaşımağay edi qaşımağa ediwould that he did not scratch | bizqaşımağay edik qaşımağa edikwould that we did not scratch | sizqaşımağay edigiz qaşımağa edigizwould that you all did not scratch | alaqaşımağay edile qaşımağa edilewould that they did not scratch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaşımağa qoyayımqaşıma qoyayımlet me allow someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoy!qaşıma qoy!let someone scratch! | olqaşımağa qoysunqaşıma qoysunlet him allow someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoyayıqqaşıma qoyayıqlet's allow someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoyuğuz!qaşıma qoyuğuz!let someone scratch, you all! | alaqaşımağa qoysunlaqaşıma qoysunlalet them allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaşımağa qoymayımqaşıma qoymayımlet me not allow someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoyma!qaşıma qoyma!don't let someone scratch! | olqaşımağa qoymasınqaşıma qoymasınlet him not allow someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoymayıqqaşıma qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoymağız!qaşıma qoymağız!don't let someone scratch, you all! | alaqaşımağa qoymasınlaqaşıma qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaşımağa qoyayımmı?qaşıma qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoysunmu?qaşıma qoysunmu?should he allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoyayıqmı?qaşıma qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoysunlamı?qaşıma qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to scratch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menqaşımağa qoymayımmı?qaşıma qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoymasınmı?qaşıma qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoymayıqmı?qaşıma qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoymasınlamı?qaşıma qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to scratch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menqaşımağa qoyamaqaşıma qoyamaI allow someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoyasaqaşıma qoyasayou allow someone to scratch | olqaşımağa qoyadıqaşıma qoyadıhe allows someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoyabızqaşıma qoyabızwe allow someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoyasızqaşıma qoyasızyou all allow someone to scratch | alaqaşımağa qoyadılaqaşıma qoyadılathey allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaşımağa qoymaymaqaşıma qoymaymaI don't allow someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoymaysaqaşıma qoymaysayou don't allow someone to scratch | olqaşımağa qoymaydıqaşıma qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoymaybızqaşıma qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoymaysızqaşıma qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to scratch | alaqaşımağa qoymaydılaqaşıma qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaşımağa qoyamamı?qaşıma qoyamamı?do I allow someone to scratch? | senqaşımağa qoyamısa?qaşıma qoyamısa?do you allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoyamıdı?qaşıma qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoyabızmı?qaşıma qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to scratch? | sizqaşımağa qoyamısız?qaşıma qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoyamıdıla?qaşıma qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (present) | menqaşımağa qoymaymamı?qaşıma qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to scratch? | senqaşımağa qoymaymısa?qaşıma qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoymaymıdı?qaşıma qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoymaybızmı?qaşıma qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to scratch? | sizqaşımağa qoymaymısız?qaşıma qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoymaymıdıla?qaşıma qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaşımağa qoydumqaşıma qoydumI allowed someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoyduŋqaşıma qoyduŋyou allowed someone to scratch | olqaşımağa qoyduqaşıma qoyduhe allowed someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoyduqqaşıma qoyduqwe allowed someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoyduğuzqaşıma qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to scratch | alaqaşımağa qoydulaqaşıma qoydulathey allowed someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaşımağa qoymadımqaşıma qoymadımI didn't allow someone to scratch | senqaşımağa qoymadıŋqaşıma qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to scratch | olqaşımağa qoymadıqaşıma qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to scratch | bizqaşımağa qoymadıqqaşıma qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to scratch | sizqaşımağa qoymadığızqaşıma qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to scratch | alaqaşımağa qoymadılaqaşıma qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaşımağa qoydummu?qaşıma qoydummu?did I allow someone to scratch? | senqaşımağa qoyduŋmu?qaşıma qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoydumu?qaşıma qoydumu?did he allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoyduqmu?qaşıma qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to scratch? | sizqaşımağa qoyduğuzmu?qaşıma qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoydulamı?qaşıma qoydulamı?did they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (past) | menqaşımağa qoymadımmı?qaşıma qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to scratch? | senqaşımağa qoymadıŋmı?qaşıma qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to scratch? | olqaşımağa qoymadımı?qaşıma qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to scratch? | bizqaşımağa qoymadıqmı?qaşıma qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to scratch? | sizqaşımağa qoymadığızmı?qaşıma qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to scratch? | alaqaşımağa qoymadılamı?qaşıma qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to scratch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
qaşıyalırğa be able to scratch · qaşıyalmazğa be unable to scratch
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menqaşıyalamaI can scratch | senqaşıyalasayou can scratch | olqaşıyaladıhe can scratch | bizqaşıyalabızwe can scratch | sizqaşıyalasızyou all can scratch | alaqaşıyaladılathey can scratch |
| Ability — present | menqaşıyalmaymaI can't scratch | senqaşıyalmaysayou can't scratch | olqaşıyalmaydıhe can't scratch | bizqaşıyalmaybızwe can't scratch | sizqaşıyalmaysızyou all can't scratch | alaqaşıyalmaydılathey can't scratch |
| Ability — present | menqaşıyalamamı? qaşıyalamıma?can I scratch? | senqaşıyalamısa?can you scratch? | olqaşıyalamıdı?can he scratch? | bizqaşıyalabızmı? qaşıyalamıbız?can we scratch? | sizqaşıyalamısız?can you all scratch? | alaqaşıyalamıdıla?can they scratch? |
| Ability — present | menqaşıyalmaymamı? qaşıyalmaymıma?can't I scratch? | senqaşıyalmaymısa?can't you scratch? | olqaşıyalmaymıdı?can't he scratch? | bizqaşıyalmaybızmı? qaşıyalmaymıbız?can't we scratch? | sizqaşıyalmaymısız?can't you all scratch? | alaqaşıyalmaymıdıla?can't they scratch? |
| Ability — if I can… | menqaşıyalsamif I can scratch | senqaşıyalsaŋif you can scratch | olqaşıyalsaif he can scratch | bizqaşıyalsaqif we can scratch | sizqaşıyalsağızif you all can scratch | alaqaşıyalsalaif they can scratch |
| Ability — if I can… | menqaşıyalmasamif I can't scratch | senqaşıyalmasaŋif you can't scratch | olqaşıyalmasaif he can't scratch | bizqaşıyalmasaqif we can't scratch | sizqaşıyalmasağızif you all can't scratch | alaqaşıyalmasalaif they can't scratch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menqaşıyaldımI was able to scratch | senqaşıyaldıŋyou were able to scratch | olqaşıyaldıhe was able to scratch | bizqaşıyaldıqwe were able to scratch | sizqaşıyaldığızyou all were able to scratch | alaqaşıyaldılathey were able to scratch |
| Ability — simple past | menqaşıyalmadımI could not scratch | senqaşıyalmadıŋyou could not scratch | olqaşıyalmadıhe could not scratch | bizqaşıyalmadıqwe could not scratch | sizqaşıyalmadığızyou all could not scratch | alaqaşıyalmadılathey could not scratch |
| Ability — simple past | menqaşıyaldımmı?was I able to scratch? | senqaşıyaldıŋmı?were you able to scratch? | olqaşıyaldımı?was he able to scratch? | bizqaşıyaldıqmı?were we able to scratch? | sizqaşıyaldığızmı?were you all able to scratch? | alaqaşıyaldılamı?were they able to scratch? |
| Ability — simple past | menqaşıyalmadımmı?couldn't I scratch? | senqaşıyalmadıŋmı?couldn't you scratch? | olqaşıyalmadımı?couldn't he scratch? | bizqaşıyalmadıqmı?couldn't we scratch? | sizqaşıyalmadığızmı?couldn't you all scratch? | alaqaşıyalmadılamı?couldn't they scratch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqaşıyalğanmaI have been able to scratch | senqaşıyalğansayou have been able to scratch | olqaşıyalğandıhe has been able to scratch | bizqaşıyalğanbızwe have been able to scratch | sizqaşıyalğansızyou all have been able to scratch | alaqaşıyalğandılathey have been able to scratch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqaşıyalmağanmaI haven't been able to scratch | senqaşıyalmağansayou haven't been able to scratch | olqaşıyalmağandıhe hasn't been able to scratch | bizqaşıyalmağanbızwe haven't been able to scratch | sizqaşıyalmağansızyou all haven't been able to scratch | alaqaşıyalmağandılathey haven't been able to scratch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqaşıyalğanmamı? qaşıyalğanmıma?have I been able to scratch? | senqaşıyalğanmısa?have you been able to scratch? | olqaşıyalğanmıdı?has he been able to scratch? | bizqaşıyalğanbızmı? qaşıyalğanmıbız?have we been able to scratch? | sizqaşıyalğanmısız?have you all been able to scratch? | alaqaşıyalğanmıdıla?have they been able to scratch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menqaşıyalmağanmamı? qaşıyalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to scratch? | senqaşıyalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to scratch? | olqaşıyalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to scratch? | bizqaşıyalmağanbızmı? qaşıyalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to scratch? | sizqaşıyalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to scratch? | alaqaşıyalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to scratch? |
| Ability — past perfect | menqaşıyalğan edimqaşıyalğanemI had been able to scratch | senqaşıyalğan ediŋqaşıyalğaneŋyou had been able to scratch | olqaşıyalğan ediqaşıyalğanedhe had been able to scratch | bizqaşıyalğan edikqaşıyalğanekwe had been able to scratch | sizqaşıyalğan edigizqaşıyalğanegizyou all had been able to scratch | alaqaşıyalğan edileqaşıyalğanellethey had been able to scratch |
| Ability — past perfect | menqaşıyalmağan edimqaşıyalmağanemI hadn't been able to scratch | senqaşıyalmağan ediŋqaşıyalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to scratch | olqaşıyalmağan ediqaşıyalmağanedhe hadn't been able to scratch | bizqaşıyalmağan edikqaşıyalmağanekwe hadn't been able to scratch | sizqaşıyalmağan edigizqaşıyalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to scratch | alaqaşıyalmağan edileqaşıyalmağanellethey hadn't been able to scratch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menqaşıyala edimqaşıyalaemI could scratch | senqaşıyala ediŋqaşıyalaeŋyou could scratch | olqaşıyala ediqaşıyalaedhe could scratch | bizqaşıyala edikqaşıyalaekwe could scratch | sizqaşıyala edigizqaşıyalaegizyou all could scratch | alaqaşıyala edileqaşıyalaellethey could scratch |
| Ability — past background | menqaşıyalmay edimqaşıyalmayemI could not scratch | senqaşıyalmay ediŋqaşıyalmayeŋyou could not scratch | olqaşıyalmay ediqaşıyalmayedhe could not scratch | bizqaşıyalmay edikqaşıyalmayekwe could not scratch | sizqaşıyalmay edigizqaşıyalmayegizyou all could not scratch | alaqaşıyalmay edileqaşıyalmayellethey could not scratch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menqaşıyalırmaI will be able to scratch | senqaşıyalırsayou will be able to scratch | olqaşıyalırhe will be able to scratch | bizqaşıyalırbızwe will be able to scratch | sizqaşıyalırsızyou all will be able to scratch | alaqaşıyalırlathey will be able to scratch |
| Ability — future I | menqaşıyalmazmaI won't be able to scratch | senqaşıyalmazsayou won't be able to scratch | olqaşıyalmazhe won't be able to scratch | bizqaşıyalmazbızwe won't be able to scratch | sizqaşıyalmazsızyou all won't be able to scratch | alaqaşıyalmazlathey won't be able to scratch |
| Ability — future I | menqaşıyalırmamı? qaşıyalırmıma?will I be able to scratch? | senqaşıyalırmısa?will you be able to scratch? | olqaşıyalırmı?will he be able to scratch? | bizqaşıyalırbızmı? qaşıyalırmıbız?will we be able to scratch? | sizqaşıyalırmısız?will you all be able to scratch? | alaqaşıyalırlamı? qaşıyalırmıla?will they be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future I | menqaşıyalmazmamı? qaşıyalmazmıma?won't I be able to scratch? | senqaşıyalmazmısa?won't you be able to scratch? | olqaşıyalmazmı?won't he be able to scratch? | bizqaşıyalmazbızmı? qaşıyalmazmıbız?won't we be able to scratch? | sizqaşıyalmazmısız?won't you all be able to scratch? | alaqaşıyalmazlamı? qaşıyalmazmıla?won't they be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future II | menqaşıyallıqmaI am going to be able to scratch | senqaşıyallıqsayou are going to be able to scratch | olqaşıyallıqdıhe is going to be able to scratch | bizqaşıyallıqbızwe are going to be able to scratch | sizqaşıyallıqsızyou all are going to be able to scratch | alaqaşıyallıqdılathey are going to be able to scratch |
| Ability — future II | menqaşıyallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to scratch | senqaşıyallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to scratch | olqaşıyallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to scratch | bizqaşıyallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to scratch | sizqaşıyallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to scratch | alaqaşıyallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to scratch |
| Ability — future II | menqaşıyallıqmamı? qaşıyallıqmıma?am I going to be able to scratch? | senqaşıyallıqmısa?are you going to be able to scratch? | olqaşıyallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to scratch? | bizqaşıyallıqbızmı? qaşıyallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to scratch? | sizqaşıyallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to scratch? | alaqaşıyallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future II | menqaşıyallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to scratch? | senqaşıyallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to scratch? | olqaşıyallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to scratch? | bizqaşıyallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to scratch? | sizqaşıyallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to scratch? | alaqaşıyallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to scratch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqaşıyalır edimqaşıyalır emI would be able to scratch | senqaşıyalır ediŋqaşıyalır eŋyou would be able to scratch | olqaşıyalır ediqaşıyalır edhe would be able to scratch | bizqaşıyalır edikqaşıyalır ekwe would be able to scratch | sizqaşıyalır edigizqaşıyalır egizyou all would be able to scratch | alaqaşıyalır edileqaşıyalır ellethey would be able to scratch |
| Ability — would be able to… | menqaşıyalmaz edimqaşıyalmaz emI wouldn't be able to scratch | senqaşıyalmaz ediŋqaşıyalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to scratch | olqaşıyalmaz ediqaşıyalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to scratch | bizqaşıyalmaz edikqaşıyalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to scratch | sizqaşıyalmaz edigizqaşıyalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to scratch | alaqaşıyalmaz edileqaşıyalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to scratch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqaşıyalğınqaşıyalğımay you be able to scratch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senqaşıyalmağınqaşıyalmağımay you not be able to scratch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menqaşırğa izleymeI want to scratch | senqaşırğa izleyseyou want to scratch | olqaşırğa izleydihe wants to scratch | bizqaşırğa izleybizwe want to scratch | sizqaşırğa izleysizyou all want to scratch | alaqaşırğa izleydilethey want to scratch |
| want to | menqaşırğa izlemeymeI do not want to scratch | senqaşırğa izlemeyseyou do not want to scratch | olqaşırğa izlemeydihe does not want to scratch | bizqaşırğa izlemeybizwe do not want to scratch | sizqaşırğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to scratch | alaqaşırğa izlemeydilethey do not want to scratch |
| would like to | menqaşırğa süemeI would like to scratch | senqaşırğa süeseyou would like to scratch | olqaşırğa süedihe would like to scratch | bizqaşırğa süebizwe would like to scratch | sizqaşırğa süesizyou all would like to scratch | alaqaşırğa süedilethey would like to scratch |
| would like to | menqaşırğa süymeymeI would not like to scratch | senqaşırğa süymeyseyou would not like to scratch | olqaşırğa süymeydihe would not like to scratch | bizqaşırğa süymeybizwe would not like to scratch | sizqaşırğa süymeysizyou all would not like to scratch | alaqaşırğa süymeydilethey would not like to scratch |
| hope to | menqaşırğa umutlanamaI hope to scratch | senqaşırğa umutlanasayou hope to scratch | olqaşırğa umutlanadıhe hopes to scratch | bizqaşırğa umutlanabızwe hope to scratch | sizqaşırğa umutlanasızyou all hope to scratch | alaqaşırğa umutlanadılathey hope to scratch |
| hope to | menqaşırğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to scratch | senqaşırğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to scratch | olqaşırğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to scratch | bizqaşırğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to scratch | sizqaşırğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to scratch | alaqaşırğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to scratch |
| be about to | menqaşırğa deb turamaI am about to scratch | senqaşırğa deb turasayou are about to scratch | olqaşırğa deb turadıhe is about to scratch | bizqaşırğa deb turabızwe are about to scratch | sizqaşırğa deb turasızyou all are about to scratch | alaqaşırğa deb turadılathey are about to scratch |
| be about to | menqaşırğa deb turmaymaI am not about to scratch | senqaşırğa deb turmaysayou are not about to scratch | olqaşırğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to scratch | bizqaşırğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to scratch | sizqaşırğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to scratch | alaqaşırğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to scratch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menqaşırğa kerekmeI need to scratch | senqaşırğa kerekseyou need to scratch | olqaşırğa kerekdihe needs to scratch | bizqaşırğa kerekbizwe need to scratch | sizqaşırğa kereksizyou all need to scratch | alaqaşırğa kerekdilethey need to scratch |
| need to | menqaşırğa kerek tülmeI do not need to scratch | senqaşırğa kerek tülseyou do not need to scratch | olqaşırğa kerek tüldühe does not need to scratch | bizqaşırğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to scratch | sizqaşırğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to scratch | alaqaşırğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to scratch |
| have to | menmenŋe qaşırğa tüşediI have to scratch | sensenŋe qaşırğa tüşediyou have to scratch | olaŋa qaşırğa tüşedihe has to scratch | bizbizge qaşırğa tüşediwe have to scratch | sizsizge qaşırğa tüşediyou all have to scratch | alaalağa qaşırğa tüşedithey have to scratch |
| have to | menmenŋe qaşırğa tüşmeydiI do not have to scratch | sensenŋe qaşırğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to scratch | olaŋa qaşırğa tüşmeydihe does not have to scratch | bizbizge qaşırğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to scratch | sizsizge qaşırğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to scratch | alaalağa qaşırğa tüşmeydithey do not have to scratch |
| be obliged to | menqaşırğa borçlumaI am obliged to scratch | senqaşırğa borçlusayou are obliged to scratch | olqaşırğa borçluduhe is obliged to scratch | bizqaşırğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to scratch | sizqaşırğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to scratch | alaqaşırğa borçludulathey are obliged to scratch |
| be obliged to | menqaşırğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to scratch | senqaşırğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to scratch | olqaşırğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to scratch | bizqaşırğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to scratch | sizqaşırğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to scratch | alaqaşırğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to scratch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menqaşırğa madarım bardıI have a way to scratch | senqaşırğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to scratch | olqaşırğa madarı bardıhe has a way to scratch | bizqaşırğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to scratch | sizqaşırğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to scratch | alaqaşırğa madarları bardıthey have a way to scratch |
| have a way to | menqaşırğa madarım joqduI have no way to scratch | senqaşırğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to scratch | olqaşırğa madarı joqduhe has no way to scratch | bizqaşırğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to scratch | sizqaşırğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to scratch | alaqaşırğa madarları joqduthey have no way to scratch |
| be free to | menqaşırğa erkinligim bardıI am free to scratch | senqaşırğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to scratch | olqaşırğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to scratch | bizqaşırğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to scratch | sizqaşırğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to scratch | alaqaşırğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to scratch |
| be free to | menqaşırğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to scratch | senqaşırğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to scratch | olqaşırğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to scratch | bizqaşırğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to scratch | sizqaşırğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to scratch | alaqaşırğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to scratch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for me to scratch | sensenŋe qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for you to scratch | olaŋa qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for him to scratch | bizbizge qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for us to scratch | sizsizge qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to scratch | alaalağa qaşırğa bolluqduit is possible for them to scratch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to scratch | sensenŋe qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to scratch | olaŋa qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to scratch | bizbizge qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to scratch | sizsizge qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to scratch | alaalağa qaşırğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to scratch |
| be ready to | menqaşırğa hazırmaI am ready to scratch | senqaşırğa hazırsayou are ready to scratch | olqaşırğa hazırdıhe is ready to scratch | bizqaşırğa hazırbızwe are ready to scratch | sizqaşırğa hazırsızyou all are ready to scratch | alaqaşırğa hazırdılathey are ready to scratch |
| be ready to | menqaşırğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to scratch | senqaşırğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to scratch | olqaşırğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to scratch | bizqaşırğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to scratch | sizqaşırğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to scratch | alaqaşırğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to scratch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menqaşırğa küreşemeI am trying to scratch | senqaşırğa küreşeseyou are trying to scratch | olqaşırğa küreşedihe is trying to scratch | bizqaşırğa küreşebizwe are trying to scratch | sizqaşırğa küreşesizyou all are trying to scratch | alaqaşırğa küreşedilethey are trying to scratch |
| try to | menqaşırğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to scratch | senqaşırğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to scratch | olqaşırğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to scratch | bizqaşırğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to scratch | sizqaşırğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to scratch | alaqaşırğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to scratch |
| agree to | menqaşırğa unaymaI agree to scratch | senqaşırğa unaysayou agree to scratch | olqaşırğa unaydıhe agrees to scratch | bizqaşırğa unaybızwe agree to scratch | sizqaşırğa unaysızyou all agree to scratch | alaqaşırğa unaydılathey agree to scratch |
| agree to | menqaşırğa unamaymaI refuse to scratch | senqaşırğa unamaysayou refuse to scratch | olqaşırğa unamaydıhe refuses to scratch | bizqaşırğa unamaybızwe refuse to scratch | sizqaşırğa unamaysızyou all refuse to scratch | alaqaşırğa unamaydılathey refuse to scratch |
| hurry to | menqaşırğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to scratch | senqaşırğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to scratch | olqaşırğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to scratch | bizqaşırğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to scratch | sizqaşırğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to scratch | alaqaşırğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to scratch |
| hurry to | menqaşırğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to scratch | senqaşırğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to scratch | olqaşırğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to scratch | bizqaşırğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to scratch | sizqaşırğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to scratch | alaqaşırğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to scratch |
| be afraid to | menqaşırğa qorqamaI am afraid to scratch | senqaşırğa qorqasayou are afraid to scratch | olqaşırğa qorqadıhe is afraid to scratch | bizqaşırğa qorqabızwe are afraid to scratch | sizqaşırğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to scratch | alaqaşırğa qorqadılathey are afraid to scratch |
| be afraid to | menqaşırğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to scratch | senqaşırğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to scratch | olqaşırğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to scratch | bizqaşırğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to scratch | sizqaşırğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to scratch | alaqaşırğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to scratch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menqaşıy bolmazmaI can't be scratching | senqaşıy bolmazsayou can't be scratching | olqaşıy bolmazhe can't be scratching | bizqaşıy bolmazbızwe can't be scratching | sizqaşıy bolmazsızyou all can't be scratching | alaqaşıy bolmazlathey can't be scratching |
| Inference, present — double negation | menqaşımay bolmazmaI must be scratching (emphatic) | senqaşımay bolmazsayou must be scratching (emphatic) | olqaşımay bolmazhe must be scratching (emphatic) | bizqaşımay bolmazbızwe must be scratching (emphatic) | sizqaşımay bolmazsızyou all must be scratching (emphatic) | alaqaşımay bolmazlathey must be scratching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menqaşıy turmasamif I don't keep scratching | senqaşıy turmasaŋif you don't keep scratching | olqaşıy turmasaif he doesn't keep scratching | bizqaşıy turmasaqif we don't keep scratching | sizqaşıy turmasağızif you all don't keep scratching | alaqaşıy turmasalaif they don't keep scratching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menqaşıy tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of scratching | senqaşıy tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of scratching | olqaşıy tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of scratching | bizqaşıy tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of scratching | sizqaşıy tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of scratching | alaqaşıy tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of scratching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menqaşımay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | senqaşımay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | olqaşımay tura bolmazhe must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | bizqaşımay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | sizqaşımay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | alaqaşımay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not scratching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menqaşımay turamaI keep on not scratching | senqaşımay turasayou keep on not scratching | olqaşımay turadıhe keeps on not scratching | bizqaşımay turabızwe keep on not scratching | sizqaşımay turasızyou all keep on not scratching | alaqaşımay turadılathey keep on not scratching |
| Progressive — double negation | menqaşımay turmaymaI am not keeping on not scratching | senqaşımay turmaysayou are not keeping on not scratching | olqaşımay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not scratching | bizqaşımay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not scratching | sizqaşımay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not scratching | alaqaşımay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not scratching |
| Progressive — double negation | menqaşımay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not scratching? | senqaşımay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not scratching? | olqaşımay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not scratching? | bizqaşımay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not scratching? | sizqaşımay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not scratching? | alaqaşımay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not scratching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menqaşığan bolmazmaI can't have scratched | senqaşığan bolmazsayou can't have scratched | olqaşığan bolmazhe can't have scratched | bizqaşığan bolmazbızwe can't have scratched | sizqaşığan bolmazsızyou all can't have scratched | alaqaşığan bolmazlathey can't have scratched |
| Inference — double negation | menqaşımağan bolmazmaI must have scratched (emphatic) | senqaşımağan bolmazsayou must have scratched (emphatic) | olqaşımağan bolmazhe must have scratched (emphatic) | bizqaşımağan bolmazbızwe must have scratched (emphatic) | sizqaşımağan bolmazsızyou all must have scratched (emphatic) | alaqaşımağan bolmazlathey must have scratched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menqaşığan bolmasamif it weren't that I had scratched | senqaşığan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had scratched | olqaşığan bolmasaif it weren't that he had scratched | bizqaşığan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had scratched | sizqaşığan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had scratched | alaqaşığan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had scratched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menqaşımağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't scratched | senqaşımağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't scratched | olqaşımağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't scratched | bizqaşımağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't scratched | sizqaşımağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't scratched | alaqaşımağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't scratched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menqaşırıq bolmazmaI can't be going to scratch | senqaşırıq bolmazsayou can't be going to scratch | olqaşırıq bolmazhe can't be going to scratch | bizqaşırıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to scratch | sizqaşırıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to scratch | alaqaşırıq bolmazlathey can't be going to scratch |
| Inference, future — double negation | menqaşımazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to scratch (emphatic) | senqaşımazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to scratch (emphatic) | olqaşımazlıq bolmazhe must be going to scratch (emphatic) | bizqaşımazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to scratch (emphatic) | sizqaşımazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to scratch (emphatic) | alaqaşımazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to scratch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menqaşırıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to scratch | senqaşırıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to scratch | olqaşırıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to scratch | bizqaşırıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to scratch | sizqaşırıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to scratch | alaqaşırıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to scratch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menqaşımazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to scratch | senqaşımazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to scratch | olqaşımazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to scratch | bizqaşımazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to scratch | sizqaşımazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to scratch | alaqaşımazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to scratch |