tırnarğa
/tɯrnarʁa/
1. scratch, claw at, scrape
- kiştik tırnaydı — the cat scratches
- kiştik qolumu tırnadı — the cat scratched my hand
- kiştik jaşçıqnı qolların tırnadı — the cat scratched the little boy's hands
- betin tırnarğa — to scratch his face
- kesiŋi tırnarğa — to scratch yourself
- bolğanın tırnarğa — to scratch it all over
- sen nek tırnaysa? — why are you scratching?
2. pilfer, snatch, grab for oneself
- urlağan etedi, tırnağan etedi — he steals, he pilfers
- urlab, tırnab keçinŋenle da bardıla — there are also those who get by stealing and pilfering
- işlegen jerinden urlab, tırnab — stealing and pilfering from where he works
3. scribble, write badly — Used dismissively of someone's writing: ol bir nazmu kibik tırnadı means he scribbled something like a poem.
- ol bir nazmu kibik tırnadı — he scribbled something like a poem
- sen tırna nazmularıŋı — you go scribble your poems
- bir zatlanı tırnaydı — he is scribbling some things
Expressions
- jer tırnarğa — struggle helplessly
- jüregi qan tırnarğa — be in anguish
- on barmağı bla jer tırnab — toiling hard
Conjugation
Common forms
- tırnaydıhe is scratching
- tırnadıhe scratched
- tırnağandıhe has scratched
- tırnarhe will scratch
- tırnarıqdıhe is going to scratch
- tırnay edihe was scratching
- tırnasaif he scratches
- tırna!scratch!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentırnaymaI am scratching | sentırnaysayou are scratching | oltırnaydıhe is scratching | biztırnaybızwe are scratching | siztırnaysızyou all are scratching | alatırnaydılathey are scratching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentırnamaymaI am not scratching | sentırnamaysayou are not scratching | oltırnamaydıhe is not scratching | biztırnamaybızwe are not scratching | siztırnamaysızyou all are not scratching | alatırnamaydılathey are not scratching |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentırnaymamı? tırnaymıma?am I scratching? | sentırnaymısa?are you scratching? | oltırnaymıdı?is he scratching? | biztırnaybızmı? tırnaymıbız?are we scratching? | siztırnaymısız?are you all scratching? | alatırnaymıdıla?are they scratching? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | mentırnamaymamı? tırnamaymıma?aren't I scratching? | sentırnamaymısa?aren't you scratching? | oltırnamaymıdı?isn't he scratching? | biztırnamaybızmı? tırnamaymıbız?aren't we scratching? | siztırnamaymısız?aren't you all scratching? | alatırnamaymıdıla?aren't they scratching? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentırnawçanmaI usually scratch | sentırnawçansayou usually scratch | oltırnawçandıhe usually scratches | biztırnawçanbızwe usually scratch | siztırnawçansızyou all usually scratch | alatırnawçandılathey usually scratch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentırnamawçanmaI usually don't scratch | sentırnamawçansayou usually don't scratch | oltırnamawçandıhe usually doesn't scratch | biztırnamawçanbızwe usually don't scratch | siztırnamawçansızyou all usually don't scratch | alatırnamawçandılathey usually don't scratch |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentırnawçanmamı? tırnawçanmıma?do I usually scratch? | sentırnawçanmısa?do you usually scratch? | oltırnawçanmıdı?does he usually scratch? | biztırnawçanbızmı? tırnawçanmıbız?do we usually scratch? | siztırnawçanmısız?do you all usually scratch? | alatırnawçanmıdıla?do they usually scratch? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | mentırnamawçanmamı? tırnamawçanmıma?do I usually not scratch? | sentırnamawçanmısa?do you usually not scratch? | oltırnamawçanmıdı?does he usually not scratch? | biztırnamawçanbızmı? tırnamawçanmıbız?do we usually not scratch? | siztırnamawçanmısız?do you all usually not scratch? | alatırnamawçanmıdıla?do they usually not scratch? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltırnabdıhe has scratched and remains so | alatırnabdılathey have scratched and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | oltırnabmıdı?has he scratched? | alatırnabmıdıla?have they scratched? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentırnab turamaI keep scratching | sentırnab turasayou keep scratching | oltırnab turadıhe keeps scratching | biztırnab turabızwe keep scratching | siztırnab turasızyou all keep scratching | alatırnab turadılathey keep scratching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentırnab turmaymaI don't keep scratching | sentırnab turmaysayou don't keep scratching | oltırnab turmaydıhe doesn't keep scratching | biztırnab turmaybızwe don't keep scratching | siztırnab turmaysızyou all don't keep scratching | alatırnab turmaydılathey don't keep scratching |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentırnab turamamı? tırnab turamıma?do I keep scratching? | sentırnab turamısa?do you keep scratching? | oltırnab turamıdı?does he keep scratching? | biztırnab turabızmı? tırnab turamıbız?do we keep scratching? | siztırnab turamısız?do you all keep scratching? | alatırnab turamıdıla?do they keep scratching? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | mentırnab turmaymamı? tırnab turmaymıma?don't I keep scratching? | sentırnab turmaymısa?don't you keep scratching? | oltırnab turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep scratching? | biztırnab turmaybızmı? tırnab turmaymıbız?don't we keep scratching? | siztırnab turmaymısız?don't you all keep scratching? | alatırnab turmaymıdıla?don't they keep scratching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentırnay turamaI am in the middle of scratching | sentırnay turasayou are in the middle of scratching | oltırnay turadıhe is in the middle of scratching | biztırnay turabızwe are in the middle of scratching | siztırnay turasızyou all are in the middle of scratching | alatırnay turadılathey are in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentırnay turmaymaI am not in the middle of scratching | sentırnay turmaysayou are not in the middle of scratching | oltırnay turmaydıhe is not in the middle of scratching | biztırnay turmaybızwe are not in the middle of scratching | siztırnay turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of scratching | alatırnay turmaydılathey are not in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentırnay turamamı? tırnay turamıma?am I in the middle of scratching? | sentırnay turamısa?are you in the middle of scratching? | oltırnay turamıdı?is he in the middle of scratching? | biztırnay turabızmı? tırnay turamıbız?are we in the middle of scratching? | siztırnay turamısız?are you all in the middle of scratching? | alatırnay turamıdıla?are they in the middle of scratching? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | mentırnay turmaymamı? tırnay turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of scratching? | sentırnay turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of scratching? | oltırnay turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of scratching? | biztırnay turmaybızmı? tırnay turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of scratching? | siztırnay turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of scratching? | alatırnay turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of scratching? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentırnadımI scratched | sentırnadıŋyou scratched | oltırnadıhe scratched | biztırnadıqwe scratched | siztırnadığızyou all scratched | alatırnadılathey scratched |
| Simple past (definite) | mentırnamadımI didn't scratch | sentırnamadıŋyou didn't scratch | oltırnamadıhe didn't scratch | biztırnamadıqwe didn't scratch | siztırnamadığızyou all didn't scratch | alatırnamadılathey didn't scratch |
| Simple past (definite) | mentırnadımmı?did I scratch? | sentırnadıŋmı?did you scratch? | oltırnadımı?did he scratch? | biztırnadıqmı?did we scratch? | siztırnadığızmı?did you all scratch? | alatırnadılamı?did they scratch? |
| Simple past (definite) | mentırnamadımmı?didn't I scratch? | sentırnamadıŋmı?didn't you scratch? | oltırnamadımı?didn't he scratch? | biztırnamadıqmı?didn't we scratch? | siztırnamadığızmı?didn't you all scratch? | alatırnamadılamı?didn't they scratch? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentırnağanmaI have scratched | sentırnağansayou have scratched | oltırnağandıhe has scratched | biztırnağanbızwe have scratched | siztırnağansızyou all have scratched | alatırnağandılathey have scratched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentırnamağanmaI haven't scratched | sentırnamağansayou haven't scratched | oltırnamağandıhe hasn't scratched | biztırnamağanbızwe haven't scratched | siztırnamağansızyou all haven't scratched | alatırnamağandılathey haven't scratched |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentırnağanmamı? tırnağanmıma?have I scratched? | sentırnağanmısa?have you scratched? | oltırnağanmıdı?has he scratched? | biztırnağanbızmı? tırnağanmıbız?have we scratched? | siztırnağanmısız?have you all scratched? | alatırnağanmıdıla?have they scratched? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | mentırnamağanmamı? tırnamağanmıma?haven't I scratched? | sentırnamağanmısa?haven't you scratched? | oltırnamağanmıdı?hasn't he scratched? | biztırnamağanbızmı? tırnamağanmıbız?haven't we scratched? | siztırnamağanmısız?haven't you all scratched? | alatırnamağanmıdıla?haven't they scratched? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentırnab turdumI kept scratching | sentırnab turduŋyou kept scratching | oltırnab turduhe kept scratching | biztırnab turduqwe kept scratching | siztırnab turduğuzyou all kept scratching | alatırnab turdulathey kept scratching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | mentırnab turmadımI didn't keep scratching | sentırnab turmadıŋyou didn't keep scratching | oltırnab turmadıhe didn't keep scratching | biztırnab turmadıqwe didn't keep scratching | siztırnab turmadığızyou all didn't keep scratching | alatırnab turmadılathey didn't keep scratching |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentırnarmaI will scratch | sentırnarsayou will scratch | oltırnarhe will scratch | biztırnarbızwe will scratch | siztırnarsızyou all will scratch | alatırnarlathey will scratch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentırnamazmaI won't scratch | sentırnamazsayou won't scratch | oltırnamazhe won't scratch | biztırnamazbızwe won't scratch | siztırnamazsızyou all won't scratch | alatırnamazlathey won't scratch |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentırnarmamı? tırnarmıma?will I scratch? | sentırnarmısa?will you scratch? | oltırnarmı?will he scratch? | biztırnarbızmı? tırnarmıbız?will we scratch? | siztırnarmısız?will you all scratch? | alatırnarlamı? tırnarmıla?will they scratch? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | mentırnamazmamı? tırnamazmıma?won't I scratch? | sentırnamazmısa?won't you scratch? | oltırnamazmı?won't he scratch? | biztırnamazbızmı? tırnamazmıbız?won't we scratch? | siztırnamazmısız?won't you all scratch? | alatırnamazlamı? tırnamazmıla?won't they scratch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentırnarıqmaI am going to scratch | sentırnarıqsayou are going to scratch | oltırnarıqdıhe is going to scratch | biztırnarıqbızwe are going to scratch | siztırnarıqsızyou all are going to scratch | alatırnarıqdılathey are going to scratch |
| Definite future (future II) | mentırnarıq tülmeI am not going to scratch | sentırnarıq tülseyou are not going to scratch | oltırnarıq tüldühe is not going to scratch | biztırnarıq tülbüzwe are not going to scratch | siztırnarıq tülsüzyou all are not going to scratch | alatırnarıq tüldülethey are not going to scratch |
| Definite future (future II) | mentırnarıqmamı? tırnarıqmıma?am I going to scratch? | sentırnarıqmısa?are you going to scratch? | oltırnarıqmıdı?is he going to scratch? | biztırnarıqbızmı? tırnarıqmıbız?are we going to scratch? | siztırnarıqmısız?are you all going to scratch? | alatırnarıqmıdıla?are they going to scratch? |
| Definite future (future II) | mentırnarıq tülmüme?aren't I going to scratch? | sentırnarıq tülmüse?aren't you going to scratch? | oltırnarıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to scratch? | biztırnarıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to scratch? | siztırnarıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to scratch? | alatırnarıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to scratch? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentırnağan edimtırnağanemI had scratched | sentırnağan ediŋtırnağaneŋyou had scratched | oltırnağan editırnağanedhe had scratched | biztırnağan ediktırnağanekwe had scratched | siztırnağan edigiztırnağanegizyou all had scratched | alatırnağan ediletırnağanellethey had scratched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | mentırnamağan edimtırnamağanemI hadn't scratched | sentırnamağan ediŋtırnamağaneŋyou hadn't scratched | oltırnamağan editırnamağanedhe hadn't scratched | biztırnamağan ediktırnamağanekwe hadn't scratched | siztırnamağan edigiztırnamağanegizyou all hadn't scratched | alatırnamağan ediletırnamağanellethey hadn't scratched |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentırnay edimtırnayemI was scratching | sentırnay ediŋtırnayeŋyou were scratching | oltırnay editırnayedhe was scratching | biztırnay ediktırnayekwe were scratching | siztırnay edigiztırnayegizyou all were scratching | alatırnay ediletırnayellethey were scratching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | mentırnamay edimtırnamayemI wasn't scratching | sentırnamay ediŋtırnamayeŋyou weren't scratching | oltırnamay editırnamayedhe wasn't scratching | biztırnamay ediktırnamayekwe weren't scratching | siztırnamay edigiztırnamayegizyou all weren't scratching | alatırnamay ediletırnamayellethey weren't scratching |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | mentırnawçan edimtırnawçanemI used to scratch | sentırnawçan ediŋtırnawçaneŋyou used to scratch | oltırnawçan editırnawçanedhe used to scratch | biztırnawçan ediktırnawçanekwe used to scratch | siztırnawçan edigiztırnawçanegizyou all used to scratch | alatırnawçan ediletırnawçanellethey used to scratch |
| Habitual past (used to) | mentırnamawçan edimtırnamawçanemI didn't use to scratch | sentırnamawçan ediŋtırnamawçaneŋyou didn't use to scratch | oltırnamawçan editırnamawçanedhe didn't use to scratch | biztırnamawçan ediktırnamawçanekwe didn't use to scratch | siztırnamawçan edigiztırnamawçanegizyou all didn't use to scratch | alatırnamawçan ediletırnamawçanellethey didn't use to scratch |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltırnab edihe had scratched and remained so | alatırnab edilethey had scratched and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | oltırnab tül edihe hadn't scratched | alatırnab tül edilethey hadn't scratched | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentırnab tura edimtırnab turaemI had kept scratching | sentırnab tura ediŋtırnab turaeŋyou had kept scratching | oltırnab tura editırnab turaedhe had kept scratching | biztırnab tura ediktırnab turaekwe had kept scratching | siztırnab tura edigiztırnab turaegizyou all had kept scratching | alatırnab tura ediletırnab turaellethey had kept scratching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | mentırnab turmay edimtırnab turmayemI hadn't kept scratching | sentırnab turmay ediŋtırnab turmayeŋyou hadn't kept scratching | oltırnab turmay editırnab turmayedhe hadn't kept scratching | biztırnab turmay ediktırnab turmayekwe hadn't kept scratching | siztırnab turmay edigiztırnab turmayegizyou all hadn't kept scratching | alatırnab turmay ediletırnab turmayellethey hadn't kept scratching |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentırnay tura edimtırnay turaemI was in the middle of scratching | sentırnay tura ediŋtırnay turaeŋyou were in the middle of scratching | oltırnay tura editırnay turaedhe was in the middle of scratching | biztırnay tura ediktırnay turaekwe were in the middle of scratching | siztırnay tura edigiztırnay turaegizyou all were in the middle of scratching | alatırnay tura ediletırnay turaellethey were in the middle of scratching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | mentırnay turmay edimtırnay turmayemI wasn't in the middle of scratching | sentırnay turmay ediŋtırnay turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of scratching | oltırnay turmay editırnay turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of scratching | biztırnay turmay ediktırnay turmayekwe weren't in the middle of scratching | siztırnay turmay edigiztırnay turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of scratching | alatırnay turmay ediletırnay turmayellethey weren't in the middle of scratching |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | mentırnar edimtırnar emI would scratch | sentırnar ediŋtırnar eŋyou would scratch | oltırnar editırnar edhe would scratch | biztırnar ediktırnar ekwe would scratch | siztırnar edigiztırnar egizyou all would scratch | alatırnar ediletırnar ellethey would scratch |
| Conditional result (would) | mentırnamaz edimtırnamaz emI wouldn't scratch | sentırnamaz ediŋtırnamaz eŋyou wouldn't scratch | oltırnamaz editırnamaz edhe wouldn't scratch | biztırnamaz ediktırnamaz ekwe wouldn't scratch | siztırnamaz edigiztırnamaz egizyou all wouldn't scratch | alatırnamaz ediletırnamaz ellethey wouldn't scratch |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentırnarıq edimtırnarıq emI would have scratched | sentırnarıq ediŋtırnarıq eŋyou would have scratched | oltırnarıq editırnarıq edhe would have scratched | biztırnarıq ediktırnarıq ekwe would have scratched | siztırnarıq edigiztırnarıq egizyou all would have scratched | alatırnarıq ediletırnarıq ellethey would have scratched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | mentırnarıq tül edimtırnarıq tül emI wouldn't have scratched | sentırnarıq tül ediŋtırnarıq tül eŋyou wouldn't have scratched | oltırnarıq tül editırnarıq tül edhe wouldn't have scratched | biztırnarıq tül ediktırnarıq tül ekwe wouldn't have scratched | siztırnarıq tül edigiztırnarıq tül egizyou all wouldn't have scratched | alatırnarıq tül ediletırnarıq tül ellethey wouldn't have scratched |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | mentırnasamif I scratch | sentırnasaŋif you scratch | oltırnasaif he scratches | biztırnasaqif we scratch | siztırnasağızif you all scratch | alatırnasalaif they scratch |
| Conditional | mentırnamasamif I don't scratch | sentırnamasaŋif you don't scratch | oltırnamasaif he doesn't scratch | biztırnamasaqif we don't scratch | siztırnamasağızif you all don't scratch | alatırnamasalaif they don't scratch |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | mentırnay esemif I am scratching | sentırnay eseŋif you are scratching | oltırnay eseif he is scratching | biztırnay esekif we are scratching | siztırnay esegizif you all are scratching | alatırnay eseleif they are scratching |
| Conditional, present real | mentırnamay esemif I am not scratching | sentırnamay eseŋif you are not scratching | oltırnamay eseif he is not scratching | biztırnamay esekif we are not scratching | siztırnamay esegizif you all are not scratching | alatırnamay eseleif they are not scratching |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentırnasam editırnasam edif only I scratched | sentırnasaŋ editırnasaŋ edif only you scratched | oltırnasa editırnasaedif only he scratched | biztırnasaq editırnasaq edif only we scratched | siztırnasağız editırnasağız edif only you all scratched | alatırnasala editırnasalaedif only they scratched |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | mentırnamasam editırnamasam edif only I didn't scratch | sentırnamasaŋ editırnamasaŋ edif only you didn't scratch | oltırnamasa editırnamasaedif only he didn't scratch | biztırnamasaq editırnamasaq edif only we didn't scratch | siztırnamasağız editırnamasağız edif only you all didn't scratch | alatırnamasala editırnamasalaedif only they didn't scratch |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | mentırnab tursamif I carry on scratching | sentırnab tursaŋif you carry on scratching | oltırnab tursaif he carries on scratching | biztırnab tursaqif we carry on scratching | siztırnab tursağızif you all carry on scratching | alatırnab tursalaif they carry on scratching |
| Durative conditional | mentırnab turmasamif I don't carry on scratching | sentırnab turmasaŋif you don't carry on scratching | oltırnab turmasaif he doesn't carry on scratching | biztırnab turmasaqif we don't carry on scratching | siztırnab turmasağızif you all don't carry on scratching | alatırnab turmasalaif they don't carry on scratching |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | mentırnab tura esemif I have kept scratching | sentırnab tura eseŋif you have kept scratching | oltırnab tura eseif he has kept scratching | biztırnab tura esekif we have kept scratching | siztırnab tura esegizif you all have kept scratching | alatırnab tura eseleif they have kept scratching |
| Durative conditional, present real | mentırnab turmay esemif I haven't kept scratching | sentırnab turmay eseŋif you haven't kept scratching | oltırnab turmay eseif he hasn't kept scratching | biztırnab turmay esekif we haven't kept scratching | siztırnab turmay esegizif you all haven't kept scratching | alatırnab turmay eseleif they haven't kept scratching |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | mentırnay tursamif I keep scratching | sentırnay tursaŋif you keep scratching | oltırnay tursaif he keeps scratching | biztırnay tursaqif we keep scratching | siztırnay tursağızif you all keep scratching | alatırnay tursalaif they keep scratching |
| Progressive conditional | mentırnamay tursamif I keep on not scratching | sentırnamay tursaŋif you keep on not scratching | oltırnamay tursaif he keeps on not scratching | biztırnamay tursaqif we keep on not scratching | siztırnamay tursağızif you all keep on not scratching | alatırnamay tursalaif they keep on not scratching |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentırnay tura esemif I am in the middle of scratching | sentırnay tura eseŋif you are in the middle of scratching | oltırnay tura eseif he is in the middle of scratching | biztırnay tura esekif we are in the middle of scratching | siztırnay tura esegizif you all are in the middle of scratching | alatırnay tura eseleif they are in the middle of scratching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | mentırnamay tura esemif I keep on not scratching | sentırnamay tura eseŋif you keep on not scratching | oltırnamay tura eseif he keeps on not scratching | biztırnamay tura esekif we keep on not scratching | siztırnamay tura esegizif you all keep on not scratching | alatırnamay tura eseleif they keep on not scratching |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentırnadım esemif I scratched | sentırnadıŋ eseŋif you scratched | oltırnadı eseif he scratched | biztırnadıq esekif we scratched | siztırnadığız esegizif you all scratched | alatırnadıla eseleif they scratched |
| Conditional, definite past1 | mentırnamadım esemif I didn't scratch | sentırnamadıŋ eseŋif you didn't scratch | oltırnamadı eseif he didn't scratch | biztırnamadıq esekif we didn't scratch | siztırnamadığız esegizif you all didn't scratch | alatırnamadıla eseleif they didn't scratch |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | mentırnağan esemif I did scratch (indeed) | sentırnağan eseŋif you did scratch (indeed) | oltırnağan eseif he did scratch (indeed) | biztırnağan esekif we did scratch (indeed) | siztırnağan esegizif you all did scratch (indeed) | alatırnağan eseleif they did scratch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | mentırnamağan esemif I didn't scratch (indeed) | sentırnamağan eseŋif you didn't scratch (indeed) | oltırnamağan eseif he didn't scratch (indeed) | biztırnamağan esekif we didn't scratch (indeed) | siztırnamağan esegizif you all didn't scratch (indeed) | alatırnamağan eseleif they didn't scratch (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentırnağan bolsamif I had scratched | sentırnağan bolsaŋif you had scratched | oltırnağan bolsaif he had scratched | biztırnağan bolsaqif we had scratched | siztırnağan bolsağızif you all had scratched | alatırnağan bolsalaif they had scratched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | mentırnamağan bolsamif I hadn't scratched | sentırnamağan bolsaŋif you hadn't scratched | oltırnamağan bolsaif he hadn't scratched | biztırnamağan bolsaqif we hadn't scratched | siztırnamağan bolsağızif you all hadn't scratched | alatırnamağan bolsalaif they hadn't scratched |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentırnağan bolsam editırnağan bolsam edif only I had scratched | sentırnağan bolsaŋ editırnağan bolsaŋ edif only you had scratched | oltırnağan bolsa editırnağan bolsaedif only he had scratched | biztırnağan bolsaq editırnağan bolsaq edif only we had scratched | siztırnağan bolsağız editırnağan bolsağız edif only you all had scratched | alatırnağan bolsala editırnağan bolsalaedif only they had scratched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | mentırnamağan bolsam editırnamağan bolsam edif only I hadn't scratched | sentırnamağan bolsaŋ editırnamağan bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't scratched | oltırnamağan bolsa editırnamağan bolsaedif only he hadn't scratched | biztırnamağan bolsaq editırnamağan bolsaq edif only we hadn't scratched | siztırnamağan bolsağız editırnamağan bolsağız edif only you all hadn't scratched | alatırnamağan bolsala editırnamağan bolsalaedif only they hadn't scratched |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | mentırnar esemif I will scratch | sentırnar eseŋif you will scratch | oltırnar eseif he will scratch | biztırnar esekif we will scratch | siztırnar esegizif you all will scratch | alatırnar eseleif they will scratch |
| Conditional, aorist | mentırnamaz esemif I won't scratch | sentırnamaz eseŋif you won't scratch | oltırnamaz eseif he won't scratch | biztırnamaz esekif we won't scratch | siztırnamaz esegizif you all won't scratch | alatırnamaz eseleif they won't scratch |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | mentırnarıq esemif I am going to scratch | sentırnarıq eseŋif you are going to scratch | oltırnarıq eseif he is going to scratch | biztırnarıq esekif we are going to scratch | siztırnarıq esegizif you all are going to scratch | alatırnarıq eseleif they are going to scratch |
| Conditional, future | mentırnarıq tül esemif I am not going to scratch | sentırnarıq tül eseŋif you are not going to scratch | oltırnarıq tül eseif he is not going to scratch | biztırnarıq tül esekif we are not going to scratch | siztırnarıq tül esegizif you all are not going to scratch | alatırnarıq tül eseleif they are not going to scratch |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentırnarıq bolsamif I were going to scratch | sentırnarıq bolsaŋif you were going to scratch | oltırnarıq bolsaif he were going to scratch | biztırnarıq bolsaqif we were going to scratch | siztırnarıq bolsağızif you all were going to scratch | alatırnarıq bolsalaif they were going to scratch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | mentırnamazlıq bolsamif I were not going to scratch | sentırnamazlıq bolsaŋif you were not going to scratch | oltırnamazlıq bolsaif he were not going to scratch | biztırnamazlıq bolsaqif we were not going to scratch | siztırnamazlıq bolsağızif you all were not going to scratch | alatırnamazlıq bolsalaif they were not going to scratch |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso tırnadıŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentırnay bolurmaI must be scratching | sentırnay bolursayou must be scratching | oltırnay bolurhe must be scratching | biztırnay bolurbuzwe must be scratching | siztırnay bolursuzyou all must be scratching | alatırnay bolurlathey must be scratching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | mentırnamay bolurmaI must not be scratching | sentırnamay bolursayou must not be scratching | oltırnamay bolurhe must not be scratching | biztırnamay bolurbuzwe must not be scratching | siztırnamay bolursuzyou all must not be scratching | alatırnamay bolurlathey must not be scratching |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentırnay tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of scratching | sentırnay tura bolursayou must be in the middle of scratching | oltırnay tura bolurhe must be in the middle of scratching | biztırnay tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of scratching | siztırnay tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of scratching | alatırnay tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of scratching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | mentırnamay tura bolurmaI must keep on not scratching | sentırnamay tura bolursayou must keep on not scratching | oltırnamay tura bolurhe must keep on not scratching | biztırnamay tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not scratching | siztırnamay tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not scratching | alatırnamay tura bolurlathey must keep on not scratching |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | mentırnağan bolurmaI must have scratched | sentırnağan bolursayou must have scratched | oltırnağan bolurhe must have scratched | biztırnağan bolurbuzwe must have scratched | siztırnağan bolursuzyou all must have scratched | alatırnağan bolurlathey must have scratched |
| Inference (must have) | mentırnamağan bolurmaI must not have scratched | sentırnamağan bolursayou must not have scratched | oltırnamağan bolurhe must not have scratched | biztırnamağan bolurbuzwe must not have scratched | siztırnamağan bolursuzyou all must not have scratched | alatırnamağan bolurlathey must not have scratched |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentırnarıq bolurmaI must be going to scratch | sentırnarıq bolursayou must be going to scratch | oltırnarıq bolurhe must be going to scratch | biztırnarıq bolurbuzwe must be going to scratch | siztırnarıq bolursuzyou all must be going to scratch | alatırnarıq bolurlathey must be going to scratch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | mentırnamazlıq bolurmaI must not be going to scratch | sentırnamazlıq bolursayou must not be going to scratch | oltırnamazlıq bolurhe must not be going to scratch | biztırnamazlıq bolurbuzwe must not be going to scratch | siztırnamazlıq bolursuzyou all must not be going to scratch | alatırnamazlıq bolurlathey must not be going to scratch |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | mentırnayımlet me scratch | sentırna!scratch! | oltırnasınlet him scratch | biztırnayıqlet's scratch | siztırnağız!scratch, you all! | alatırnasınlalet them scratch |
| Commands & suggestions | mentırnamayımlet me not scratch | sentırnama!don't scratch! | oltırnamasınlet him not scratch | biztırnamayıqlet's not scratch | siztırnamağız!don't scratch, you all! | alatırnamasınlalet them not scratch |
| Commands & suggestions | mentırnayımmı?shall I scratch? | oltırnasınmı?should he scratch? | biztırnayıqmı?shall we scratch? | alatırnasınlamı?should they scratch? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | mentırnamayımmı?shall I not scratch? | oltırnamasınmı?should he not scratch? | biztırnamayıqmı?shall we not scratch? | alatırnamasınlamı?should they not scratch? | ||
| Requests | sentırnaçı2tırnaçınplease scratch | oltırnasınçıdo let him scratch | siztırnaçığızplease scratch (plural/polite) | alatırnasınlaçıdo let them scratch | ||
| Requests | sentırnamaçı2tırnamaçınplease don't scratch | oltırnamasınçıdo let him not scratch | siztırnamaçığızplease don't scratch (plural/polite) | alatırnamasınlaçıdo let them not scratch | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentırnağıntırnağımay you scratch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | sentırnamağıntırnamağımay you not scratch | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentırnağay edim tırnağa edimwould that I scratched | sentırnağay ediŋ tırnağa ediŋwould that you scratched | oltırnağay edi tırnağa ediwould that he scratched | biztırnağay edik tırnağa edikwould that we scratched | siztırnağay edigiz tırnağa edigizwould that you all scratched | alatırnağay edile tırnağa edilewould that they scratched |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | mentırnamağay edim tırnamağa edimwould that I did not scratch | sentırnamağay ediŋ tırnamağa ediŋwould that you did not scratch | oltırnamağay edi tırnamağa ediwould that he did not scratch | biztırnamağay edik tırnamağa edikwould that we did not scratch | siztırnamağay edigiz tırnamağa edigizwould that you all did not scratch | alatırnamağay edile tırnamağa edilewould that they did not scratch |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentırnamağa qoyayımtırnama qoyayımlet me allow someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoy!tırnama qoy!let someone scratch! | oltırnamağa qoysuntırnama qoysunlet him allow someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoyayıqtırnama qoyayıqlet's allow someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoyuğuz!tırnama qoyuğuz!let someone scratch, you all! | alatırnamağa qoysunlatırnama qoysunlalet them allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentırnamağa qoymayımtırnama qoymayımlet me not allow someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoyma!tırnama qoyma!don't let someone scratch! | oltırnamağa qoymasıntırnama qoymasınlet him not allow someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoymayıqtırnama qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoymağız!tırnama qoymağız!don't let someone scratch, you all! | alatırnamağa qoymasınlatırnama qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (commands) | mentırnamağa qoyayımmı?tırnama qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoysunmu?tırnama qoysunmu?should he allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoyayıqmı?tırnama qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoysunlamı?tırnama qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to scratch? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | mentırnamağa qoymayımmı?tırnama qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoymasınmı?tırnama qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoymayıqmı?tırnama qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoymasınlamı?tırnama qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to scratch? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | mentırnamağa qoyamatırnama qoyamaI allow someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoyasatırnama qoyasayou allow someone to scratch | oltırnamağa qoyadıtırnama qoyadıhe allows someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoyabıztırnama qoyabızwe allow someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoyasıztırnama qoyasızyou all allow someone to scratch | alatırnamağa qoyadılatırnama qoyadılathey allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (present) | mentırnamağa qoymaymatırnama qoymaymaI don't allow someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoymaysatırnama qoymaysayou don't allow someone to scratch | oltırnamağa qoymaydıtırnama qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoymaybıztırnama qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoymaysıztırnama qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to scratch | alatırnamağa qoymaydılatırnama qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (present) | mentırnamağa qoyamamı?tırnama qoyamamı?do I allow someone to scratch? | sentırnamağa qoyamısa?tırnama qoyamısa?do you allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoyamıdı?tırnama qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoyabızmı?tırnama qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to scratch? | siztırnamağa qoyamısız?tırnama qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoyamıdıla?tırnama qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (present) | mentırnamağa qoymaymamı?tırnama qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to scratch? | sentırnamağa qoymaymısa?tırnama qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoymaymıdı?tırnama qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoymaybızmı?tırnama qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to scratch? | siztırnamağa qoymaymısız?tırnama qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoymaymıdıla?tırnama qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentırnamağa qoydumtırnama qoydumI allowed someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoyduŋtırnama qoyduŋyou allowed someone to scratch | oltırnamağa qoydutırnama qoyduhe allowed someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoyduqtırnama qoyduqwe allowed someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoyduğuztırnama qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to scratch | alatırnamağa qoydulatırnama qoydulathey allowed someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (past) | mentırnamağa qoymadımtırnama qoymadımI didn't allow someone to scratch | sentırnamağa qoymadıŋtırnama qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to scratch | oltırnamağa qoymadıtırnama qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to scratch | biztırnamağa qoymadıqtırnama qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to scratch | siztırnamağa qoymadığıztırnama qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to scratch | alatırnamağa qoymadılatırnama qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to scratch |
| Let someone… (past) | mentırnamağa qoydummu?tırnama qoydummu?did I allow someone to scratch? | sentırnamağa qoyduŋmu?tırnama qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoydumu?tırnama qoydumu?did he allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoyduqmu?tırnama qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to scratch? | siztırnamağa qoyduğuzmu?tırnama qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoydulamı?tırnama qoydulamı?did they allow someone to scratch? |
| Let someone… (past) | mentırnamağa qoymadımmı?tırnama qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to scratch? | sentırnamağa qoymadıŋmı?tırnama qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to scratch? | oltırnamağa qoymadımı?tırnama qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to scratch? | biztırnamağa qoymadıqmı?tırnama qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to scratch? | siztırnamağa qoymadığızmı?tırnama qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to scratch? | alatırnamağa qoymadılamı?tırnama qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to scratch? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
tırnayalırğa be able to scratch · tırnayalmazğa be unable to scratch
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | mentırnayalamaI can scratch | sentırnayalasayou can scratch | oltırnayaladıhe can scratch | biztırnayalabızwe can scratch | siztırnayalasızyou all can scratch | alatırnayaladılathey can scratch |
| Ability — present | mentırnayalmaymaI can't scratch | sentırnayalmaysayou can't scratch | oltırnayalmaydıhe can't scratch | biztırnayalmaybızwe can't scratch | siztırnayalmaysızyou all can't scratch | alatırnayalmaydılathey can't scratch |
| Ability — present | mentırnayalamamı? tırnayalamıma?can I scratch? | sentırnayalamısa?can you scratch? | oltırnayalamıdı?can he scratch? | biztırnayalabızmı? tırnayalamıbız?can we scratch? | siztırnayalamısız?can you all scratch? | alatırnayalamıdıla?can they scratch? |
| Ability — present | mentırnayalmaymamı? tırnayalmaymıma?can't I scratch? | sentırnayalmaymısa?can't you scratch? | oltırnayalmaymıdı?can't he scratch? | biztırnayalmaybızmı? tırnayalmaymıbız?can't we scratch? | siztırnayalmaymısız?can't you all scratch? | alatırnayalmaymıdıla?can't they scratch? |
| Ability — if I can… | mentırnayalsamif I can scratch | sentırnayalsaŋif you can scratch | oltırnayalsaif he can scratch | biztırnayalsaqif we can scratch | siztırnayalsağızif you all can scratch | alatırnayalsalaif they can scratch |
| Ability — if I can… | mentırnayalmasamif I can't scratch | sentırnayalmasaŋif you can't scratch | oltırnayalmasaif he can't scratch | biztırnayalmasaqif we can't scratch | siztırnayalmasağızif you all can't scratch | alatırnayalmasalaif they can't scratch |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | mentırnayaldımI was able to scratch | sentırnayaldıŋyou were able to scratch | oltırnayaldıhe was able to scratch | biztırnayaldıqwe were able to scratch | siztırnayaldığızyou all were able to scratch | alatırnayaldılathey were able to scratch |
| Ability — simple past | mentırnayalmadımI could not scratch | sentırnayalmadıŋyou could not scratch | oltırnayalmadıhe could not scratch | biztırnayalmadıqwe could not scratch | siztırnayalmadığızyou all could not scratch | alatırnayalmadılathey could not scratch |
| Ability — simple past | mentırnayaldımmı?was I able to scratch? | sentırnayaldıŋmı?were you able to scratch? | oltırnayaldımı?was he able to scratch? | biztırnayaldıqmı?were we able to scratch? | siztırnayaldığızmı?were you all able to scratch? | alatırnayaldılamı?were they able to scratch? |
| Ability — simple past | mentırnayalmadımmı?couldn't I scratch? | sentırnayalmadıŋmı?couldn't you scratch? | oltırnayalmadımı?couldn't he scratch? | biztırnayalmadıqmı?couldn't we scratch? | siztırnayalmadığızmı?couldn't you all scratch? | alatırnayalmadılamı?couldn't they scratch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentırnayalğanmaI have been able to scratch | sentırnayalğansayou have been able to scratch | oltırnayalğandıhe has been able to scratch | biztırnayalğanbızwe have been able to scratch | siztırnayalğansızyou all have been able to scratch | alatırnayalğandılathey have been able to scratch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentırnayalmağanmaI haven't been able to scratch | sentırnayalmağansayou haven't been able to scratch | oltırnayalmağandıhe hasn't been able to scratch | biztırnayalmağanbızwe haven't been able to scratch | siztırnayalmağansızyou all haven't been able to scratch | alatırnayalmağandılathey haven't been able to scratch |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentırnayalğanmamı? tırnayalğanmıma?have I been able to scratch? | sentırnayalğanmısa?have you been able to scratch? | oltırnayalğanmıdı?has he been able to scratch? | biztırnayalğanbızmı? tırnayalğanmıbız?have we been able to scratch? | siztırnayalğanmısız?have you all been able to scratch? | alatırnayalğanmıdıla?have they been able to scratch? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | mentırnayalmağanmamı? tırnayalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to scratch? | sentırnayalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to scratch? | oltırnayalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to scratch? | biztırnayalmağanbızmı? tırnayalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to scratch? | siztırnayalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to scratch? | alatırnayalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to scratch? |
| Ability — past perfect | mentırnayalğan edimtırnayalğanemI had been able to scratch | sentırnayalğan ediŋtırnayalğaneŋyou had been able to scratch | oltırnayalğan editırnayalğanedhe had been able to scratch | biztırnayalğan ediktırnayalğanekwe had been able to scratch | siztırnayalğan edigiztırnayalğanegizyou all had been able to scratch | alatırnayalğan ediletırnayalğanellethey had been able to scratch |
| Ability — past perfect | mentırnayalmağan edimtırnayalmağanemI hadn't been able to scratch | sentırnayalmağan ediŋtırnayalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to scratch | oltırnayalmağan editırnayalmağanedhe hadn't been able to scratch | biztırnayalmağan ediktırnayalmağanekwe hadn't been able to scratch | siztırnayalmağan edigiztırnayalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to scratch | alatırnayalmağan ediletırnayalmağanellethey hadn't been able to scratch |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | mentırnayala edimtırnayalaemI could scratch | sentırnayala ediŋtırnayalaeŋyou could scratch | oltırnayala editırnayalaedhe could scratch | biztırnayala ediktırnayalaekwe could scratch | siztırnayala edigiztırnayalaegizyou all could scratch | alatırnayala ediletırnayalaellethey could scratch |
| Ability — past background | mentırnayalmay edimtırnayalmayemI could not scratch | sentırnayalmay ediŋtırnayalmayeŋyou could not scratch | oltırnayalmay editırnayalmayedhe could not scratch | biztırnayalmay ediktırnayalmayekwe could not scratch | siztırnayalmay edigiztırnayalmayegizyou all could not scratch | alatırnayalmay ediletırnayalmayellethey could not scratch |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | mentırnayalırmaI will be able to scratch | sentırnayalırsayou will be able to scratch | oltırnayalırhe will be able to scratch | biztırnayalırbızwe will be able to scratch | siztırnayalırsızyou all will be able to scratch | alatırnayalırlathey will be able to scratch |
| Ability — future I | mentırnayalmazmaI won't be able to scratch | sentırnayalmazsayou won't be able to scratch | oltırnayalmazhe won't be able to scratch | biztırnayalmazbızwe won't be able to scratch | siztırnayalmazsızyou all won't be able to scratch | alatırnayalmazlathey won't be able to scratch |
| Ability — future I | mentırnayalırmamı? tırnayalırmıma?will I be able to scratch? | sentırnayalırmısa?will you be able to scratch? | oltırnayalırmı?will he be able to scratch? | biztırnayalırbızmı? tırnayalırmıbız?will we be able to scratch? | siztırnayalırmısız?will you all be able to scratch? | alatırnayalırlamı? tırnayalırmıla?will they be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future I | mentırnayalmazmamı? tırnayalmazmıma?won't I be able to scratch? | sentırnayalmazmısa?won't you be able to scratch? | oltırnayalmazmı?won't he be able to scratch? | biztırnayalmazbızmı? tırnayalmazmıbız?won't we be able to scratch? | siztırnayalmazmısız?won't you all be able to scratch? | alatırnayalmazlamı? tırnayalmazmıla?won't they be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future II | mentırnayallıqmaI am going to be able to scratch | sentırnayallıqsayou are going to be able to scratch | oltırnayallıqdıhe is going to be able to scratch | biztırnayallıqbızwe are going to be able to scratch | siztırnayallıqsızyou all are going to be able to scratch | alatırnayallıqdılathey are going to be able to scratch |
| Ability — future II | mentırnayallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to scratch | sentırnayallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to scratch | oltırnayallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to scratch | biztırnayallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to scratch | siztırnayallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to scratch | alatırnayallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to scratch |
| Ability — future II | mentırnayallıqmamı? tırnayallıqmıma?am I going to be able to scratch? | sentırnayallıqmısa?are you going to be able to scratch? | oltırnayallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to scratch? | biztırnayallıqbızmı? tırnayallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to scratch? | siztırnayallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to scratch? | alatırnayallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to scratch? |
| Ability — future II | mentırnayallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to scratch? | sentırnayallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to scratch? | oltırnayallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to scratch? | biztırnayallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to scratch? | siztırnayallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to scratch? | alatırnayallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to scratch? |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentırnayalır edimtırnayalır emI would be able to scratch | sentırnayalır ediŋtırnayalır eŋyou would be able to scratch | oltırnayalır editırnayalır edhe would be able to scratch | biztırnayalır ediktırnayalır ekwe would be able to scratch | siztırnayalır edigiztırnayalır egizyou all would be able to scratch | alatırnayalır ediletırnayalır ellethey would be able to scratch |
| Ability — would be able to… | mentırnayalmaz edimtırnayalmaz emI wouldn't be able to scratch | sentırnayalmaz ediŋtırnayalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to scratch | oltırnayalmaz editırnayalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to scratch | biztırnayalmaz ediktırnayalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to scratch | siztırnayalmaz edigiztırnayalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to scratch | alatırnayalmaz ediletırnayalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to scratch |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentırnayalğıntırnayalğımay you be able to scratch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | sentırnayalmağıntırnayalmağımay you not be able to scratch | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | mentırnarğa izleymeI want to scratch | sentırnarğa izleyseyou want to scratch | oltırnarğa izleydihe wants to scratch | biztırnarğa izleybizwe want to scratch | siztırnarğa izleysizyou all want to scratch | alatırnarğa izleydilethey want to scratch |
| want to | mentırnarğa izlemeymeI do not want to scratch | sentırnarğa izlemeyseyou do not want to scratch | oltırnarğa izlemeydihe does not want to scratch | biztırnarğa izlemeybizwe do not want to scratch | siztırnarğa izlemeysizyou all do not want to scratch | alatırnarğa izlemeydilethey do not want to scratch |
| would like to | mentırnarğa süemeI would like to scratch | sentırnarğa süeseyou would like to scratch | oltırnarğa süedihe would like to scratch | biztırnarğa süebizwe would like to scratch | siztırnarğa süesizyou all would like to scratch | alatırnarğa süedilethey would like to scratch |
| would like to | mentırnarğa süymeymeI would not like to scratch | sentırnarğa süymeyseyou would not like to scratch | oltırnarğa süymeydihe would not like to scratch | biztırnarğa süymeybizwe would not like to scratch | siztırnarğa süymeysizyou all would not like to scratch | alatırnarğa süymeydilethey would not like to scratch |
| hope to | mentırnarğa umutlanamaI hope to scratch | sentırnarğa umutlanasayou hope to scratch | oltırnarğa umutlanadıhe hopes to scratch | biztırnarğa umutlanabızwe hope to scratch | siztırnarğa umutlanasızyou all hope to scratch | alatırnarğa umutlanadılathey hope to scratch |
| hope to | mentırnarğa umutlanmaymaI do not hope to scratch | sentırnarğa umutlanmaysayou do not hope to scratch | oltırnarğa umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to scratch | biztırnarğa umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to scratch | siztırnarğa umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to scratch | alatırnarğa umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to scratch |
| be about to | mentırnarğa deb turamaI am about to scratch | sentırnarğa deb turasayou are about to scratch | oltırnarğa deb turadıhe is about to scratch | biztırnarğa deb turabızwe are about to scratch | siztırnarğa deb turasızyou all are about to scratch | alatırnarğa deb turadılathey are about to scratch |
| be about to | mentırnarğa deb turmaymaI am not about to scratch | sentırnarğa deb turmaysayou are not about to scratch | oltırnarğa deb turmaydıhe is not about to scratch | biztırnarğa deb turmaybızwe are not about to scratch | siztırnarğa deb turmaysızyou all are not about to scratch | alatırnarğa deb turmaydılathey are not about to scratch |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | mentırnarğa kerekmeI need to scratch | sentırnarğa kerekseyou need to scratch | oltırnarğa kerekdihe needs to scratch | biztırnarğa kerekbizwe need to scratch | siztırnarğa kereksizyou all need to scratch | alatırnarğa kerekdilethey need to scratch |
| need to | mentırnarğa kerek tülmeI do not need to scratch | sentırnarğa kerek tülseyou do not need to scratch | oltırnarğa kerek tüldühe does not need to scratch | biztırnarğa kerek tülbüzwe do not need to scratch | siztırnarğa kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to scratch | alatırnarğa kerek tüldülethey do not need to scratch |
| have to | menmenŋe tırnarğa tüşediI have to scratch | sensenŋe tırnarğa tüşediyou have to scratch | olaŋa tırnarğa tüşedihe has to scratch | bizbizge tırnarğa tüşediwe have to scratch | sizsizge tırnarğa tüşediyou all have to scratch | alaalağa tırnarğa tüşedithey have to scratch |
| have to | menmenŋe tırnarğa tüşmeydiI do not have to scratch | sensenŋe tırnarğa tüşmeydiyou do not have to scratch | olaŋa tırnarğa tüşmeydihe does not have to scratch | bizbizge tırnarğa tüşmeydiwe do not have to scratch | sizsizge tırnarğa tüşmeydiyou all do not have to scratch | alaalağa tırnarğa tüşmeydithey do not have to scratch |
| be obliged to | mentırnarğa borçlumaI am obliged to scratch | sentırnarğa borçlusayou are obliged to scratch | oltırnarğa borçluduhe is obliged to scratch | biztırnarğa borçlubuzwe are obliged to scratch | siztırnarğa borçlusuzyou all are obliged to scratch | alatırnarğa borçludulathey are obliged to scratch |
| be obliged to | mentırnarğa borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to scratch | sentırnarğa borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to scratch | oltırnarğa borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to scratch | biztırnarğa borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to scratch | siztırnarğa borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to scratch | alatırnarğa borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to scratch |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | mentırnarğa madarım bardıI have a way to scratch | sentırnarğa madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to scratch | oltırnarğa madarı bardıhe has a way to scratch | biztırnarğa madarıbız bardıwe have a way to scratch | siztırnarğa madarığız bardıyou all have a way to scratch | alatırnarğa madarları bardıthey have a way to scratch |
| have a way to | mentırnarğa madarım joqduI have no way to scratch | sentırnarğa madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to scratch | oltırnarğa madarı joqduhe has no way to scratch | biztırnarğa madarıbız joqduwe have no way to scratch | siztırnarğa madarığız joqduyou all have no way to scratch | alatırnarğa madarları joqduthey have no way to scratch |
| be free to | mentırnarğa erkinligim bardıI am free to scratch | sentırnarğa erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to scratch | oltırnarğa erkinligi bardıhe is free to scratch | biztırnarğa erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to scratch | siztırnarğa erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to scratch | alatırnarğa erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to scratch |
| be free to | mentırnarğa erkinligim joqduI am not free to scratch | sentırnarğa erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to scratch | oltırnarğa erkinligi joqduhe is not free to scratch | biztırnarğa erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to scratch | siztırnarğa erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to scratch | alatırnarğa erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to scratch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for me to scratch | sensenŋe tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you to scratch | olaŋa tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for him to scratch | bizbizge tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for us to scratch | sizsizge tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for you all to scratch | alaalağa tırnarğa bolluqduit is possible for them to scratch |
| be possible to | menmenŋe tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to scratch | sensenŋe tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to scratch | olaŋa tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to scratch | bizbizge tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to scratch | sizsizge tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to scratch | alaalağa tırnarğa bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to scratch |
| be ready to | mentırnarğa hazırmaI am ready to scratch | sentırnarğa hazırsayou are ready to scratch | oltırnarğa hazırdıhe is ready to scratch | biztırnarğa hazırbızwe are ready to scratch | siztırnarğa hazırsızyou all are ready to scratch | alatırnarğa hazırdılathey are ready to scratch |
| be ready to | mentırnarğa hazır tülmeI am not ready to scratch | sentırnarğa hazır tülseyou are not ready to scratch | oltırnarğa hazır tüldühe is not ready to scratch | biztırnarğa hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to scratch | siztırnarğa hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to scratch | alatırnarğa hazır tüldülethey are not ready to scratch |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | mentırnarğa küreşemeI am trying to scratch | sentırnarğa küreşeseyou are trying to scratch | oltırnarğa küreşedihe is trying to scratch | biztırnarğa küreşebizwe are trying to scratch | siztırnarğa küreşesizyou all are trying to scratch | alatırnarğa küreşedilethey are trying to scratch |
| try to | mentırnarğa küreşmeymeI am not trying to scratch | sentırnarğa küreşmeyseyou are not trying to scratch | oltırnarğa küreşmeydihe is not trying to scratch | biztırnarğa küreşmeybizwe are not trying to scratch | siztırnarğa küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to scratch | alatırnarğa küreşmeydilethey are not trying to scratch |
| agree to | mentırnarğa unaymaI agree to scratch | sentırnarğa unaysayou agree to scratch | oltırnarğa unaydıhe agrees to scratch | biztırnarğa unaybızwe agree to scratch | siztırnarğa unaysızyou all agree to scratch | alatırnarğa unaydılathey agree to scratch |
| agree to | mentırnarğa unamaymaI refuse to scratch | sentırnarğa unamaysayou refuse to scratch | oltırnarğa unamaydıhe refuses to scratch | biztırnarğa unamaybızwe refuse to scratch | siztırnarğa unamaysızyou all refuse to scratch | alatırnarğa unamaydılathey refuse to scratch |
| hurry to | mentırnarğa aşığamaI am in a hurry to scratch | sentırnarğa aşığasayou are in a hurry to scratch | oltırnarğa aşığadıhe is in a hurry to scratch | biztırnarğa aşığabızwe are in a hurry to scratch | siztırnarğa aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to scratch | alatırnarğa aşığadılathey are in a hurry to scratch |
| hurry to | mentırnarğa aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to scratch | sentırnarğa aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to scratch | oltırnarğa aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to scratch | biztırnarğa aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to scratch | siztırnarğa aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to scratch | alatırnarğa aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to scratch |
| be afraid to | mentırnarğa qorqamaI am afraid to scratch | sentırnarğa qorqasayou are afraid to scratch | oltırnarğa qorqadıhe is afraid to scratch | biztırnarğa qorqabızwe are afraid to scratch | siztırnarğa qorqasızyou all are afraid to scratch | alatırnarğa qorqadılathey are afraid to scratch |
| be afraid to | mentırnarğa qorqmaymaI am not afraid to scratch | sentırnarğa qorqmaysayou are not afraid to scratch | oltırnarğa qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to scratch | biztırnarğa qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to scratch | siztırnarğa qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to scratch | alatırnarğa qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to scratch |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | mentırnay bolmazmaI can't be scratching | sentırnay bolmazsayou can't be scratching | oltırnay bolmazhe can't be scratching | biztırnay bolmazbızwe can't be scratching | siztırnay bolmazsızyou all can't be scratching | alatırnay bolmazlathey can't be scratching |
| Inference, present — double negation | mentırnamay bolmazmaI must be scratching (emphatic) | sentırnamay bolmazsayou must be scratching (emphatic) | oltırnamay bolmazhe must be scratching (emphatic) | biztırnamay bolmazbızwe must be scratching (emphatic) | siztırnamay bolmazsızyou all must be scratching (emphatic) | alatırnamay bolmazlathey must be scratching (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | mentırnay turmasamif I don't keep scratching | sentırnay turmasaŋif you don't keep scratching | oltırnay turmasaif he doesn't keep scratching | biztırnay turmasaqif we don't keep scratching | siztırnay turmasağızif you all don't keep scratching | alatırnay turmasalaif they don't keep scratching |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | mentırnay tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of scratching | sentırnay tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of scratching | oltırnay tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of scratching | biztırnay tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of scratching | siztırnay tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of scratching | alatırnay tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of scratching |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | mentırnamay tura bolmazmaI must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | sentırnamay tura bolmazsayou must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | oltırnamay tura bolmazhe must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | biztırnamay tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | siztırnamay tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not scratching (emphatic) | alatırnamay tura bolmazlathey must keep on not scratching (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | mentırnamay turamaI keep on not scratching | sentırnamay turasayou keep on not scratching | oltırnamay turadıhe keeps on not scratching | biztırnamay turabızwe keep on not scratching | siztırnamay turasızyou all keep on not scratching | alatırnamay turadılathey keep on not scratching |
| Progressive — double negation | mentırnamay turmaymaI am not keeping on not scratching | sentırnamay turmaysayou are not keeping on not scratching | oltırnamay turmaydıhe is not keeping on not scratching | biztırnamay turmaybızwe are not keeping on not scratching | siztırnamay turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not scratching | alatırnamay turmaydılathey are not keeping on not scratching |
| Progressive — double negation | mentırnamay turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not scratching? | sentırnamay turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not scratching? | oltırnamay turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not scratching? | biztırnamay turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not scratching? | siztırnamay turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not scratching? | alatırnamay turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not scratching? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | mentırnağan bolmazmaI can't have scratched | sentırnağan bolmazsayou can't have scratched | oltırnağan bolmazhe can't have scratched | biztırnağan bolmazbızwe can't have scratched | siztırnağan bolmazsızyou all can't have scratched | alatırnağan bolmazlathey can't have scratched |
| Inference — double negation | mentırnamağan bolmazmaI must have scratched (emphatic) | sentırnamağan bolmazsayou must have scratched (emphatic) | oltırnamağan bolmazhe must have scratched (emphatic) | biztırnamağan bolmazbızwe must have scratched (emphatic) | siztırnamağan bolmazsızyou all must have scratched (emphatic) | alatırnamağan bolmazlathey must have scratched (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | mentırnağan bolmasamif it weren't that I had scratched | sentırnağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had scratched | oltırnağan bolmasaif it weren't that he had scratched | biztırnağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we had scratched | siztırnağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had scratched | alatırnağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they had scratched |
| Counterfactual — double negation | mentırnamağan bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't scratched | sentırnamağan bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't scratched | oltırnamağan bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't scratched | biztırnamağan bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't scratched | siztırnamağan bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't scratched | alatırnamağan bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't scratched |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | mentırnarıq bolmazmaI can't be going to scratch | sentırnarıq bolmazsayou can't be going to scratch | oltırnarıq bolmazhe can't be going to scratch | biztırnarıq bolmazbızwe can't be going to scratch | siztırnarıq bolmazsızyou all can't be going to scratch | alatırnarıq bolmazlathey can't be going to scratch |
| Inference, future — double negation | mentırnamazlıq bolmazmaI must be going to scratch (emphatic) | sentırnamazlıq bolmazsayou must be going to scratch (emphatic) | oltırnamazlıq bolmazhe must be going to scratch (emphatic) | biztırnamazlıq bolmazbızwe must be going to scratch (emphatic) | siztırnamazlıq bolmazsızyou all must be going to scratch (emphatic) | alatırnamazlıq bolmazlathey must be going to scratch (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | mentırnarıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to scratch | sentırnarıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to scratch | oltırnarıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to scratch | biztırnarıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to scratch | siztırnarıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to scratch | alatırnarıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to scratch |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | mentırnamazlıq bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to scratch | sentırnamazlıq bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to scratch | oltırnamazlıq bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to scratch | biztırnamazlıq bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to scratch | siztırnamazlıq bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to scratch | alatırnamazlıq bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to scratch |