küterge
/kyterɡe/
1. herd, graze, pasture (livestock)
- mal küterge — to graze the livestock
- mal kütgen jer — a place where livestock is grazed
- jaş mallanı kütedi — the boy is grazing the livestock
- qoy küterge, sanarğa üyretedi — teaches him to herd and count sheep
- kütgen qoyuŋ miŋ bolsun — may the sheep you graze be a thousand
2. keep (livestock, poultry) one source
- ol eki iynek kütedi — he keeps two cows
- qoy kütgen üyür — a household that keeps sheep
- tawuq küterge — to keep hens
- mal kütmegen bayınmaz — one who keeps no livestock won't get rich
3. wait for someone one source
- qonaqnı küterge — to wait for the guest
- meni kütüb turadı — he is waiting for me
- mında kimni kütese? — who are you waiting for here?
- keçe bla anı kütdük — we waited for him during the night
4. watch over, look after, keep an eye on
- sabiyni küterge — to watch over the child
- kütüb aylanırğa — to go about keeping an eye on someone
- anam meni kütüb jürüydü — my mother goes about keeping an eye on me
5. seek out, try to find one source
- jolnu küterge — to seek out the road
- ne zatnı kütese? — what are you seeking?
- biz söz kütdük — we sought words
- kütüb tabdı — he sought it out and found it
Expressions
- kütüb aylanmazğa — not be responsible
Conjugation
Common forms
- kütedihe is herding
- kütdühe herded
- kütgendihe has herded
- küterhe will herd
- küterikdihe is going to herd
- küte edihe was herding
- kütseif he herds
- küt!herd!
Simple tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütemeI am herding | senküteseyou are herding | olkütedihe is herding | bizkütebizwe are herding | sizkütesizyou all are herding | alakütedilethey are herding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütmeymeI am not herding | senkütmeyseyou are not herding | olkütmeydihe is not herding | bizkütmeybizwe are not herding | sizkütmeysizyou all are not herding | alakütmeydilethey are not herding |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütememi? kütemime?am I herding? | senkütemise?are you herding? | olkütemidi?is he herding? | bizkütebizmi? kütemibiz?are we herding? | sizkütemisiz?are you all herding? | alakütemidile?are they herding? |
| Present (simple & continuous) | menkütmeymemi? kütmeymime?aren't I herding? | senkütmeymise?aren't you herding? | olkütmeymidi?isn't he herding? | bizkütmeybizmi? kütmeymibiz?aren't we herding? | sizkütmeymisiz?aren't you all herding? | alakütmeymidile?aren't they herding? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütüwçenmeI usually herd | senkütüwçenseyou usually herd | olkütüwçendihe usually herds | bizkütüwçenbizwe usually herd | sizkütüwçensizyou all usually herd | alakütüwçendilethey usually herd |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütmewçenmeI usually don't herd | senkütmewçenseyou usually don't herd | olkütmewçendihe usually doesn't herd | bizkütmewçenbizwe usually don't herd | sizkütmewçensizyou all usually don't herd | alakütmewçendilethey usually don't herd |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütüwçenmemi? kütüwçenmime?do I usually herd? | senkütüwçenmise?do you usually herd? | olkütüwçenmidi?does he usually herd? | bizkütüwçenbizmi? kütüwçenmibiz?do we usually herd? | sizkütüwçenmisiz?do you all usually herd? | alakütüwçenmidile?do they usually herd? |
| Habitual (usually, tends to) | menkütmewçenmemi? kütmewçenmime?do I usually not herd? | senkütmewçenmise?do you usually not herd? | olkütmewçenmidi?does he usually not herd? | bizkütmewçenbizmi? kütmewçenmibiz?do we usually not herd? | sizkütmewçenmisiz?do you all usually not herd? | alakütmewçenmidile?do they usually not herd? |
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkütübdühe has herded and remains so | alakütübdülethey have herded and remain so | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | olkütübmüdü?has he herded? | alakütübmüdüle?have they herded? | ||||
| Resultative (has become and stays) | ||||||
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütüb turamaI keep herding | senkütüb turasayou keep herding | olkütüb turadıhe keeps herding | bizkütüb turabızwe keep herding | sizkütüb turasızyou all keep herding | alakütüb turadılathey keep herding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütüb turmaymaI don't keep herding | senkütüb turmaysayou don't keep herding | olkütüb turmaydıhe doesn't keep herding | bizkütüb turmaybızwe don't keep herding | sizkütüb turmaysızyou all don't keep herding | alakütüb turmaydılathey don't keep herding |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütüb turamamı? kütüb turamıma?do I keep herding? | senkütüb turamısa?do you keep herding? | olkütüb turamıdı?does he keep herding? | bizkütüb turabızmı? kütüb turamıbız?do we keep herding? | sizkütüb turamısız?do you all keep herding? | alakütüb turamıdıla?do they keep herding? |
| Durative (keeps doing) | menkütüb turmaymamı? kütüb turmaymıma?don't I keep herding? | senkütüb turmaymısa?don't you keep herding? | olkütüb turmaymıdı?doesn't he keep herding? | bizkütüb turmaybızmı? kütüb turmaymıbız?don't we keep herding? | sizkütüb turmaymısız?don't you all keep herding? | alakütüb turmaymıdıla?don't they keep herding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküte turamaI am in the middle of herding | senküte turasayou are in the middle of herding | olküte turadıhe is in the middle of herding | bizküte turabızwe are in the middle of herding | sizküte turasızyou all are in the middle of herding | alaküte turadılathey are in the middle of herding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküte turmaymaI am not in the middle of herding | senküte turmaysayou are not in the middle of herding | olküte turmaydıhe is not in the middle of herding | bizküte turmaybızwe are not in the middle of herding | sizküte turmaysızyou all are not in the middle of herding | alaküte turmaydılathey are not in the middle of herding |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküte turamamı? küte turamıma?am I in the middle of herding? | senküte turamısa?are you in the middle of herding? | olküte turamıdı?is he in the middle of herding? | bizküte turabızmı? küte turamıbız?are we in the middle of herding? | sizküte turamısız?are you all in the middle of herding? | alaküte turamıdıla?are they in the middle of herding? |
| Progressive (in the middle of) | menküte turmaymamı? küte turmaymıma?aren't I in the middle of herding? | senküte turmaymısa?aren't you in the middle of herding? | olküte turmaymıdı?isn't he in the middle of herding? | bizküte turmaybızmı? küte turmaymıbız?aren't we in the middle of herding? | sizküte turmaymısız?aren't you all in the middle of herding? | alaküte turmaymıdıla?aren't they in the middle of herding? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütdümI herded | senkütdüŋyou herded | olkütdühe herded | bizkütdükwe herded | sizkütdügüzyou all herded | alakütdülethey herded |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütmedimI didn't herd | senkütmediŋyou didn't herd | olkütmedihe didn't herd | bizkütmedikwe didn't herd | sizkütmedigizyou all didn't herd | alakütmedilethey didn't herd |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütdümmü?did I herd? | senkütdüŋmü?did you herd? | olkütdümü?did he herd? | bizkütdükmü?did we herd? | sizkütdügüzmü?did you all herd? | alakütdülemi?did they herd? |
| Simple past (definite) | menkütmedimmi?didn't I herd? | senkütmediŋmi?didn't you herd? | olkütmedimi?didn't he herd? | bizkütmedikmi?didn't we herd? | sizkütmedigizmi?didn't you all herd? | alakütmedilemi?didn't they herd? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütgenmeI have herded | senkütgenseyou have herded | olkütgendihe has herded | bizkütgenbizwe have herded | sizkütgensizyou all have herded | alakütgendilethey have herded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütmegenmeI haven't herded | senkütmegenseyou haven't herded | olkütmegendihe hasn't herded | bizkütmegenbizwe haven't herded | sizkütmegensizyou all haven't herded | alakütmegendilethey haven't herded |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütgenmemi? kütgenmime?have I herded? | senkütgenmise?have you herded? | olkütgenmidi?has he herded? | bizkütgenbizmi? kütgenmibiz?have we herded? | sizkütgenmisiz?have you all herded? | alakütgenmidile?have they herded? |
| Perfect (past indefinite) | menkütmegenmemi? kütmegenmime?haven't I herded? | senkütmegenmise?haven't you herded? | olkütmegenmidi?hasn't he herded? | bizkütmegenbizmi? kütmegenmibiz?haven't we herded? | sizkütmegenmisiz?haven't you all herded? | alakütmegenmidile?haven't they herded? |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkütüb turdumI kept herding | senkütüb turduŋyou kept herding | olkütüb turduhe kept herding | bizkütüb turduqwe kept herding | sizkütüb turduğuzyou all kept herding | alakütüb turdulathey kept herding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | menkütüb turmadımI didn't keep herding | senkütüb turmadıŋyou didn't keep herding | olkütüb turmadıhe didn't keep herding | bizkütüb turmadıqwe didn't keep herding | sizkütüb turmadığızyou all didn't keep herding | alakütüb turmadılathey didn't keep herding |
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Durative, definite past (kept doing) | ||||||
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütermeI will herd | senküterseyou will herd | olküterhe will herd | bizküterbizwe will herd | sizkütersizyou all will herd | alaküterlethey will herd |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütmezmeI won't herd | senkütmezseyou won't herd | olkütmezhe won't herd | bizkütmezbizwe won't herd | sizkütmezsizyou all won't herd | alakütmezlethey won't herd |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütermemi? kütermime?will I herd? | senkütermise?will you herd? | olkütermi?will he herd? | bizküterbizmi? kütermibiz?will we herd? | sizkütermisiz?will you all herd? | alaküterlemi? kütermile?will they herd? |
| Indefinite future (future I) | menkütmezmemi? kütmezmime?won't I herd? | senkütmezmise?won't you herd? | olkütmezmi?won't he herd? | bizkütmezbizmi? kütmezmibiz?won't we herd? | sizkütmezmisiz?won't you all herd? | alakütmezlemi? kütmezmile?won't they herd? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküterikmeI am going to herd | senküterikseyou are going to herd | olküterikdihe is going to herd | bizküterikbizwe are going to herd | sizküteriksizyou all are going to herd | alaküterikdilethey are going to herd |
| Definite future (future II) | menküterik tülmeI am not going to herd | senküterik tülseyou are not going to herd | olküterik tüldühe is not going to herd | bizküterik tülbüzwe are not going to herd | sizküterik tülsüzyou all are not going to herd | alaküterik tüldülethey are not going to herd |
| Definite future (future II) | menküterikmemi? küterikmime?am I going to herd? | senküterikmise?are you going to herd? | olküterikmidi?is he going to herd? | bizküterikbizmi? küterikmibiz?are we going to herd? | sizküterikmisiz?are you all going to herd? | alaküterikmidile?are they going to herd? |
| Definite future (future II) | menküterik tülmüme?aren't I going to herd? | senküterik tülmüse?aren't you going to herd? | olküterik tülmüdü?isn't he going to herd? | bizküterik tülmübüz?aren't we going to herd? | sizküterik tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to herd? | alaküterik tülmüdüle?aren't they going to herd? |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Past compound tenses
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkütgen edimkütgenemI had herded | senkütgen ediŋkütgeneŋyou had herded | olkütgen edikütgenedhe had herded | bizkütgen edikkütgenekwe had herded | sizkütgen edigizkütgenegizyou all had herded | alakütgen edilekütgenellethey had herded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | menkütmegen edimkütmegenemI hadn't herded | senkütmegen ediŋkütmegeneŋyou hadn't herded | olkütmegen edikütmegenedhe hadn't herded | bizkütmegen edikkütmegenekwe hadn't herded | sizkütmegen edigizkütmegenegizyou all hadn't herded | alakütmegen edilekütmegenellethey hadn't herded |
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past perfect (pluperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menküte edimkütemI was herding | senküte ediŋküteŋyou were herding | olküte edikütedhe was herding | bizküte edikkütekwe were herding | sizküte edigizkütegizyou all were herding | alaküte edilekütellethey were herding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | menkütmey edimkütmeyemI wasn't herding | senkütmey ediŋkütmeyeŋyou weren't herding | olkütmey edikütmeyedhe wasn't herding | bizkütmey edikkütmeyekwe weren't herding | sizkütmey edigizkütmeyegizyou all weren't herding | alakütmey edilekütmeyellethey weren't herding |
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Past continuous (imperfect) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | menkütüwçen edimkütüwçenemI used to herd | senkütüwçen ediŋkütüwçeneŋyou used to herd | olkütüwçen edikütüwçenedhe used to herd | bizkütüwçen edikkütüwçenekwe used to herd | sizkütüwçen edigizkütüwçenegizyou all used to herd | alakütüwçen edilekütüwçenellethey used to herd |
| Habitual past (used to) | menkütmewçen edimkütmewçenemI didn't use to herd | senkütmewçen ediŋkütmewçeneŋyou didn't use to herd | olkütmewçen edikütmewçenedhe didn't use to herd | bizkütmewçen edikkütmewçenekwe didn't use to herd | sizkütmewçen edigizkütmewçenegizyou all didn't use to herd | alakütmewçen edilekütmewçenellethey didn't use to herd |
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Habitual past (used to) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkütüb edihe had herded and remained so | alakütüb edilethey had herded and remained so | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | olkütüb tül edihe hadn't herded | alakütüb tül edilethey hadn't herded | ||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Resultative past (had become and stayed) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkütüb tura edimkütüb turaemI had kept herding | senkütüb tura ediŋkütüb turaeŋyou had kept herding | olkütüb tura edikütüb turaedhe had kept herding | bizkütüb tura edikkütüb turaekwe had kept herding | sizkütüb tura edigizkütüb turaegizyou all had kept herding | alakütüb tura edilekütüb turaellethey had kept herding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | menkütüb turmay edimkütüb turmayemI hadn't kept herding | senkütüb turmay ediŋkütüb turmayeŋyou hadn't kept herding | olkütüb turmay edikütüb turmayedhe hadn't kept herding | bizkütüb turmay edikkütüb turmayekwe hadn't kept herding | sizkütüb turmay edigizkütüb turmayegizyou all hadn't kept herding | alakütüb turmay edilekütüb turmayellethey hadn't kept herding |
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past durative (had kept doing) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküte tura edimküte turaemI was in the middle of herding | senküte tura ediŋküte turaeŋyou were in the middle of herding | olküte tura ediküte turaedhe was in the middle of herding | bizküte tura edikküte turaekwe were in the middle of herding | sizküte tura edigizküte turaegizyou all were in the middle of herding | alaküte tura edileküte turaellethey were in the middle of herding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | menküte turmay edimküte turmayemI wasn't in the middle of herding | senküte turmay ediŋküte turmayeŋyou weren't in the middle of herding | olküte turmay ediküte turmayedhe wasn't in the middle of herding | bizküte turmay edikküte turmayekwe weren't in the middle of herding | sizküte turmay edigizküte turmayegizyou all weren't in the middle of herding | alaküte turmay edileküte turmayellethey weren't in the middle of herding |
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Past progressive (was in the middle of) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | menküter edimküter emI would herd | senküter ediŋküter eŋyou would herd | olküter ediküter edhe would herd | bizküter edikküter ekwe would herd | sizküter edigizküter egizyou all would herd | alaküter edileküter ellethey would herd |
| Conditional result (would) | menkütmez edimkütmez emI wouldn't herd | senkütmez ediŋkütmez eŋyou wouldn't herd | olkütmez edikütmez edhe wouldn't herd | bizkütmez edikkütmez ekwe wouldn't herd | sizkütmez edigizkütmez egizyou all wouldn't herd | alakütmez edilekütmez ellethey wouldn't herd |
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Conditional result (would) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküterik edimküterik emI would have herded | senküterik ediŋküterik eŋyou would have herded | olküterik ediküterik edhe would have herded | bizküterik edikküterik ekwe would have herded | sizküterik edigizküterik egizyou all would have herded | alaküterik edileküterik ellethey would have herded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | menküterik tül edimküterik tül emI wouldn't have herded | senküterik tül ediŋküterik tül eŋyou wouldn't have herded | olküterik tül ediküterik tül edhe wouldn't have herded | bizküterik tül edikküterik tül ekwe wouldn't have herded | sizküterik tül edigizküterik tül egizyou all wouldn't have herded | alaküterik tül edileküterik tül ellethey wouldn't have herded |
| Past conditional result (would have) | ||||||
| Past conditional result (would have) |
Conditional
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Conditional | menkütsemif I herd | senkütseŋif you herd | olkütseif he herds | bizkütsekif we herd | sizkütsegizif you all herd | alakütseleif they herd |
| Conditional | menkütmesemif I don't herd | senkütmeseŋif you don't herd | olkütmeseif he doesn't herd | bizkütmesekif we don't herd | sizkütmesegizif you all don't herd | alakütmeseleif they don't herd |
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | menküte esemif I am herding | senküte eseŋif you are herding | olküte eseif he is herding | bizküte esekif we are herding | sizküte esegizif you all are herding | alaküte eseleif they are herding |
| Conditional, present real | menkütmey esemif I am not herding | senkütmey eseŋif you are not herding | olkütmey eseif he is not herding | bizkütmey esekif we are not herding | sizkütmey esegizif you all are not herding | alakütmey eseleif they are not herding |
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, present real | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkütsem edikütsem edif only I herded | senkütseŋ edikütseŋ edif only you herded | olkütse edikütsedif only he herded | bizkütsek edikütsek edif only we herded | sizkütsegiz edikütsegiz edif only you all herded | alakütsele edikütseledif only they herded |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | menkütmesem edikütmesem edif only I didn't herd | senkütmeseŋ edikütmeseŋ edif only you didn't herd | olkütmese edikütmesedif only he didn't herd | bizkütmesek edikütmesek edif only we didn't herd | sizkütmesegiz edikütmesegiz edif only you all didn't herd | alakütmesele edikütmeseledif only they didn't herd |
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Wish, present/future (if only) | ||||||
| Durative conditional | menkütüb tursamif I carry on herding | senkütüb tursaŋif you carry on herding | olkütüb tursaif he carries on herding | bizkütüb tursaqif we carry on herding | sizkütüb tursağızif you all carry on herding | alakütüb tursalaif they carry on herding |
| Durative conditional | menkütüb turmasamif I don't carry on herding | senkütüb turmasaŋif you don't carry on herding | olkütüb turmasaif he doesn't carry on herding | bizkütüb turmasaqif we don't carry on herding | sizkütüb turmasağızif you all don't carry on herding | alakütüb turmasalaif they don't carry on herding |
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | menkütüb tura esemif I have kept herding | senkütüb tura eseŋif you have kept herding | olkütüb tura eseif he has kept herding | bizkütüb tura esekif we have kept herding | sizkütüb tura esegizif you all have kept herding | alakütüb tura eseleif they have kept herding |
| Durative conditional, present real | menkütüb turmay esemif I haven't kept herding | senkütüb turmay eseŋif you haven't kept herding | olkütüb turmay eseif he hasn't kept herding | bizkütüb turmay esekif we haven't kept herding | sizkütüb turmay esegizif you all haven't kept herding | alakütüb turmay eseleif they haven't kept herding |
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Durative conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | menküte tursamif I keep herding | senküte tursaŋif you keep herding | olküte tursaif he keeps herding | bizküte tursaqif we keep herding | sizküte tursağızif you all keep herding | alaküte tursalaif they keep herding |
| Progressive conditional | menkütmey tursamif I keep on not herding | senkütmey tursaŋif you keep on not herding | olkütmey tursaif he keeps on not herding | bizkütmey tursaqif we keep on not herding | sizkütmey tursağızif you all keep on not herding | alakütmey tursalaif they keep on not herding |
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | menküte tura esemif I am in the middle of herding | senküte tura eseŋif you are in the middle of herding | olküte tura eseif he is in the middle of herding | bizküte tura esekif we are in the middle of herding | sizküte tura esegizif you all are in the middle of herding | alaküte tura eseleif they are in the middle of herding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | menkütmey tura esemif I keep on not herding | senkütmey tura eseŋif you keep on not herding | olkütmey tura eseif he keeps on not herding | bizkütmey tura esekif we keep on not herding | sizkütmey tura esegizif you all keep on not herding | alakütmey tura eseleif they keep on not herding |
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Progressive conditional, present real | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkütdüm esemif I herded | senkütdüŋ eseŋif you herded | olkütdü eseif he herded | bizkütdük esekif we herded | sizkütdügüz esegizif you all herded | alakütdüle eseleif they herded |
| Conditional, definite past1 | menkütmedim esemif I didn't herd | senkütmediŋ eseŋif you didn't herd | olkütmedi eseif he didn't herd | bizkütmedik esekif we didn't herd | sizkütmedigiz esegizif you all didn't herd | alakütmedile eseleif they didn't herd |
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, definite past | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | menkütgen esemif I did herd (indeed) | senkütgen eseŋif you did herd (indeed) | olkütgen eseif he did herd (indeed) | bizkütgen esekif we did herd (indeed) | sizkütgen esegizif you all did herd (indeed) | alakütgen eseleif they did herd (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | menkütmegen esemif I didn't herd (indeed) | senkütmegen eseŋif you didn't herd (indeed) | olkütmegen eseif he didn't herd (indeed) | bizkütmegen esekif we didn't herd (indeed) | sizkütmegen esegizif you all didn't herd (indeed) | alakütmegen eseleif they didn't herd (indeed) |
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, past real | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkütgen bolsamif I had herded | senkütgen bolsaŋif you had herded | olkütgen bolsaif he had herded | bizkütgen bolsaqif we had herded | sizkütgen bolsağızif you all had herded | alakütgen bolsalaif they had herded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | menkütmegen bolsamif I hadn't herded | senkütmegen bolsaŋif you hadn't herded | olkütmegen bolsaif he hadn't herded | bizkütmegen bolsaqif we hadn't herded | sizkütmegen bolsağızif you all hadn't herded | alakütmegen bolsalaif they hadn't herded |
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkütgen bolsam edikütgen bolsam edif only I had herded | senkütgen bolsaŋ edikütgen bolsaŋ edif only you had herded | olkütgen bolsa edikütgen bolsaedif only he had herded | bizkütgen bolsaq edikütgen bolsaq edif only we had herded | sizkütgen bolsağız edikütgen bolsağız edif only you all had herded | alakütgen bolsala edikütgen bolsalaedif only they had herded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | menkütmegen bolsam edikütmegen bolsam edif only I hadn't herded | senkütmegen bolsaŋ edikütmegen bolsaŋ edif only you hadn't herded | olkütmegen bolsa edikütmegen bolsaedif only he hadn't herded | bizkütmegen bolsaq edikütmegen bolsaq edif only we hadn't herded | sizkütmegen bolsağız edikütmegen bolsağız edif only you all hadn't herded | alakütmegen bolsala edikütmegen bolsalaedif only they hadn't herded |
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Wish, past (if only I had) | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | menküter esemif I will herd | senküter eseŋif you will herd | olküter eseif he will herd | bizküter esekif we will herd | sizküter esegizif you all will herd | alaküter eseleif they will herd |
| Conditional, aorist | menkütmez esemif I won't herd | senkütmez eseŋif you won't herd | olkütmez eseif he won't herd | bizkütmez esekif we won't herd | sizkütmez esegizif you all won't herd | alakütmez eseleif they won't herd |
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, aorist | ||||||
| Conditional, future | menküterik esemif I am going to herd | senküterik eseŋif you are going to herd | olküterik eseif he is going to herd | bizküterik esekif we are going to herd | sizküterik esegizif you all are going to herd | alaküterik eseleif they are going to herd |
| Conditional, future | menküterik tül esemif I am not going to herd | senküterik tül eseŋif you are not going to herd | olküterik tül eseif he is not going to herd | bizküterik tül esekif we are not going to herd | sizküterik tül esegizif you all are not going to herd | alaküterik tül eseleif they are not going to herd |
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menküterik bolsamif I were going to herd | senküterik bolsaŋif you were going to herd | olküterik bolsaif he were going to herd | bizküterik bolsaqif we were going to herd | sizküterik bolsağızif you all were going to herd | alaküterik bolsalaif they were going to herd |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | menkütmezlik bolsamif I were not going to herd | senkütmezlik bolsaŋif you were not going to herd | olkütmezlik bolsaif he were not going to herd | bizkütmezlik bolsaqif we were not going to herd | sizkütmezlik bolsağızif you all were not going to herd | alakütmezlik bolsalaif they were not going to herd |
| Conditional, counterfactual future | ||||||
| Conditional, counterfactual future |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
- Conditional, definite pastalso kütdüŋ ese: the person on the verb only (Байрамкулов and Урусбиев 1967 § 110)
Inferential
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menküte bolurmaI must be herding | senküte bolursayou must be herding | olküte bolurhe must be herding | bizküte bolurbuzwe must be herding | sizküte bolursuzyou all must be herding | alaküte bolurlathey must be herding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | menkütmey bolurmaI must not be herding | senkütmey bolursayou must not be herding | olkütmey bolurhe must not be herding | bizkütmey bolurbuzwe must not be herding | sizkütmey bolursuzyou all must not be herding | alakütmey bolurlathey must not be herding |
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, present (must be doing) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menküte tura bolurmaI must be in the middle of herding | senküte tura bolursayou must be in the middle of herding | olküte tura bolurhe must be in the middle of herding | bizküte tura bolurbuzwe must be in the middle of herding | sizküte tura bolursuzyou all must be in the middle of herding | alaküte tura bolurlathey must be in the middle of herding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | menkütmey tura bolurmaI must keep on not herding | senkütmey tura bolursayou must keep on not herding | olkütmey tura bolurhe must keep on not herding | bizkütmey tura bolurbuzwe must keep on not herding | sizkütmey tura bolursuzyou all must keep on not herding | alakütmey tura bolurlathey must keep on not herding |
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference, progressive (must be in the middle of) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | menkütgen bolurmaI must have herded | senkütgen bolursayou must have herded | olkütgen bolurhe must have herded | bizkütgen bolurbuzwe must have herded | sizkütgen bolursuzyou all must have herded | alakütgen bolurlathey must have herded |
| Inference (must have) | menkütmegen bolurmaI must not have herded | senkütmegen bolursayou must not have herded | olkütmegen bolurhe must not have herded | bizkütmegen bolurbuzwe must not have herded | sizkütmegen bolursuzyou all must not have herded | alakütmegen bolurlathey must not have herded |
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference (must have) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menküterik bolurmaI must be going to herd | senküterik bolursayou must be going to herd | olküterik bolurhe must be going to herd | bizküterik bolurbuzwe must be going to herd | sizküterik bolursuzyou all must be going to herd | alaküterik bolurlathey must be going to herd |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | menkütmezlik bolurmaI must not be going to herd | senkütmezlik bolursayou must not be going to herd | olkütmezlik bolurhe must not be going to herd | bizkütmezlik bolurbuzwe must not be going to herd | sizkütmezlik bolursuzyou all must not be going to herd | alakütmezlik bolurlathey must not be going to herd |
| Inference, future (must be going to) | ||||||
| Inference, future (must be going to) |
Emphatic forms: see Emphatic and rare forms
Commands, requests and wishes
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Commands & suggestions | menküteyimlet me herd | senküt!herd! | olkütsünlet him herd | bizküteyiklet's herd | sizkütügüz!herd, you all! | alakütsünlelet them herd |
| Commands & suggestions | menkütmeyimlet me not herd | senkütme!don't herd! | olkütmesinlet him not herd | bizkütmeyiklet's not herd | sizkütmegiz!don't herd, you all! | alakütmesinlelet them not herd |
| Commands & suggestions | menküteyimmi?shall I herd? | olkütsünmü?should he herd? | bizküteyikmi?shall we herd? | alakütsünlemi?should they herd? | ||
| Commands & suggestions | menkütmeyimmi?shall I not herd? | olkütmesinmi?should he not herd? | bizkütmeyikmi?shall we not herd? | alakütmesinlemi?should they not herd? | ||
| Requests | senkütçü2kütçünplease herd | olkütsünçüdo let him herd | sizkütçügüzplease herd (plural/polite) | alakütsünleçido let them herd | ||
| Requests | senkütmeçi2kütmeçinplease don't herd | olkütmesinçido let him not herd | sizkütmeçigizplease don't herd (plural/polite) | alakütmesinleçido let them not herd | ||
| Requests | ||||||
| Requests | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkütgünkütgümay you herd | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | senkütmeginkütmegimay you not herd | |||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Blessings & curses — may you… | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkütgey edim kütge edimwould that I herded | senkütgey ediŋ kütge ediŋwould that you herded | olkütgey edi kütge ediwould that he herded | bizkütgey edik kütge edikwould that we herded | sizkütgey edigiz kütge edigizwould that you all herded | alakütgey edile kütge edilewould that they herded |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | menkütmegey edim kütmege edimwould that I did not herd | senkütmegey ediŋ kütmege ediŋwould that you did not herd | olkütmegey edi kütmege ediwould that he did not herd | bizkütmegey edik kütmege edikwould that we did not herd | sizkütmegey edigiz kütmege edigizwould that you all did not herd | alakütmegey edile kütmege edilewould that they did not herd |
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Optative wish (-ğay + edi) | ||||||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütmege qoyayımkütme qoyayımlet me allow someone to herd | senkütmege qoy!kütme qoy!let someone herd! | olkütmege qoysunkütme qoysunlet him allow someone to herd | bizkütmege qoyayıqkütme qoyayıqlet's allow someone to herd | sizkütmege qoyuğuz!kütme qoyuğuz!let someone herd, you all! | alakütmege qoysunlakütme qoysunlalet them allow someone to herd |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütmege qoymayımkütme qoymayımlet me not allow someone to herd | senkütmege qoyma!kütme qoyma!don't let someone herd! | olkütmege qoymasınkütme qoymasınlet him not allow someone to herd | bizkütmege qoymayıqkütme qoymayıqlet's not allow someone to herd | sizkütmege qoymağız!kütme qoymağız!don't let someone herd, you all! | alakütmege qoymasınlakütme qoymasınlalet them not allow someone to herd |
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütmege qoyayımmı?kütme qoyayımmı?shall I allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoysunmu?kütme qoysunmu?should he allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoyayıqmı?kütme qoyayıqmı?shall we allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoysunlamı?kütme qoysunlamı?should they allow someone to herd? | ||
| Let someone… (commands) | menkütmege qoymayımmı?kütme qoymayımmı?shall I not allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoymasınmı?kütme qoymasınmı?should he not allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoymayıqmı?kütme qoymayıqmı?shall we not allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoymasınlamı?kütme qoymasınlamı?should they not allow someone to herd? | ||
| Let someone… (present) | menkütmege qoyamakütme qoyamaI allow someone to herd | senkütmege qoyasakütme qoyasayou allow someone to herd | olkütmege qoyadıkütme qoyadıhe allows someone to herd | bizkütmege qoyabızkütme qoyabızwe allow someone to herd | sizkütmege qoyasızkütme qoyasızyou all allow someone to herd | alakütmege qoyadılakütme qoyadılathey allow someone to herd |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütmege qoymaymakütme qoymaymaI don't allow someone to herd | senkütmege qoymaysakütme qoymaysayou don't allow someone to herd | olkütmege qoymaydıkütme qoymaydıhe doesn't allow someone to herd | bizkütmege qoymaybızkütme qoymaybızwe don't allow someone to herd | sizkütmege qoymaysızkütme qoymaysızyou all don't allow someone to herd | alakütmege qoymaydılakütme qoymaydılathey don't allow someone to herd |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütmege qoyamamı?kütme qoyamamı?do I allow someone to herd? | senkütmege qoyamısa?kütme qoyamısa?do you allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoyamıdı?kütme qoyamıdı?does he allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoyabızmı?kütme qoyabızmı?do we allow someone to herd? | sizkütmege qoyamısız?kütme qoyamısız?do you all allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoyamıdıla?kütme qoyamıdıla?do they allow someone to herd? |
| Let someone… (present) | menkütmege qoymaymamı?kütme qoymaymamı?don't I allow someone to herd? | senkütmege qoymaymısa?kütme qoymaymısa?don't you allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoymaymıdı?kütme qoymaymıdı?doesn't he allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoymaybızmı?kütme qoymaybızmı?don't we allow someone to herd? | sizkütmege qoymaymısız?kütme qoymaymısız?don't you all allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoymaymıdıla?kütme qoymaymıdıla?don't they allow someone to herd? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütmege qoydumkütme qoydumI allowed someone to herd | senkütmege qoyduŋkütme qoyduŋyou allowed someone to herd | olkütmege qoydukütme qoyduhe allowed someone to herd | bizkütmege qoyduqkütme qoyduqwe allowed someone to herd | sizkütmege qoyduğuzkütme qoyduğuzyou all allowed someone to herd | alakütmege qoydulakütme qoydulathey allowed someone to herd |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütmege qoymadımkütme qoymadımI didn't allow someone to herd | senkütmege qoymadıŋkütme qoymadıŋyou didn't allow someone to herd | olkütmege qoymadıkütme qoymadıhe didn't allow someone to herd | bizkütmege qoymadıqkütme qoymadıqwe didn't allow someone to herd | sizkütmege qoymadığızkütme qoymadığızyou all didn't allow someone to herd | alakütmege qoymadılakütme qoymadılathey didn't allow someone to herd |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütmege qoydummu?kütme qoydummu?did I allow someone to herd? | senkütmege qoyduŋmu?kütme qoyduŋmu?did you allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoydumu?kütme qoydumu?did he allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoyduqmu?kütme qoyduqmu?did we allow someone to herd? | sizkütmege qoyduğuzmu?kütme qoyduğuzmu?did you all allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoydulamı?kütme qoydulamı?did they allow someone to herd? |
| Let someone… (past) | menkütmege qoymadımmı?kütme qoymadımmı?didn't I allow someone to herd? | senkütmege qoymadıŋmı?kütme qoymadıŋmı?didn't you allow someone to herd? | olkütmege qoymadımı?kütme qoymadımı?didn't he allow someone to herd? | bizkütmege qoymadıqmı?kütme qoymadıqmı?didn't we allow someone to herd? | sizkütmege qoymadığızmı?kütme qoymadığızmı?didn't you all allow someone to herd? | alakütmege qoymadılamı?kütme qoymadılamı?didn't they allow someone to herd? |
- RequestsSpoken variant: singular requests can add a final nasal consonant, with the same request meaning.
Ability
kütalırğa be able to herd · kütalmazğa be unable to herd
| Tense | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ability — present | menkütalamaI can herd | senkütalasayou can herd | olkütaladıhe can herd | bizkütalabızwe can herd | sizkütalasızyou all can herd | alakütaladılathey can herd |
| Ability — present | menkütalmaymaI can't herd | senkütalmaysayou can't herd | olkütalmaydıhe can't herd | bizkütalmaybızwe can't herd | sizkütalmaysızyou all can't herd | alakütalmaydılathey can't herd |
| Ability — present | menkütalamamı? kütalamıma?can I herd? | senkütalamısa?can you herd? | olkütalamıdı?can he herd? | bizkütalabızmı? kütalamıbız?can we herd? | sizkütalamısız?can you all herd? | alakütalamıdıla?can they herd? |
| Ability — present | menkütalmaymamı? kütalmaymıma?can't I herd? | senkütalmaymısa?can't you herd? | olkütalmaymıdı?can't he herd? | bizkütalmaybızmı? kütalmaymıbız?can't we herd? | sizkütalmaymısız?can't you all herd? | alakütalmaymıdıla?can't they herd? |
| Ability — if I can… | menkütalsamif I can herd | senkütalsaŋif you can herd | olkütalsaif he can herd | bizkütalsaqif we can herd | sizkütalsağızif you all can herd | alakütalsalaif they can herd |
| Ability — if I can… | menkütalmasamif I can't herd | senkütalmasaŋif you can't herd | olkütalmasaif he can't herd | bizkütalmasaqif we can't herd | sizkütalmasağızif you all can't herd | alakütalmasalaif they can't herd |
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — if I can… | ||||||
| Ability — simple past | menkütaldımI was able to herd | senkütaldıŋyou were able to herd | olkütaldıhe was able to herd | bizkütaldıqwe were able to herd | sizkütaldığızyou all were able to herd | alakütaldılathey were able to herd |
| Ability — simple past | menkütalmadımI could not herd | senkütalmadıŋyou could not herd | olkütalmadıhe could not herd | bizkütalmadıqwe could not herd | sizkütalmadığızyou all could not herd | alakütalmadılathey could not herd |
| Ability — simple past | menkütaldımmı?was I able to herd? | senkütaldıŋmı?were you able to herd? | olkütaldımı?was he able to herd? | bizkütaldıqmı?were we able to herd? | sizkütaldığızmı?were you all able to herd? | alakütaldılamı?were they able to herd? |
| Ability — simple past | menkütalmadımmı?couldn't I herd? | senkütalmadıŋmı?couldn't you herd? | olkütalmadımı?couldn't he herd? | bizkütalmadıqmı?couldn't we herd? | sizkütalmadığızmı?couldn't you all herd? | alakütalmadılamı?couldn't they herd? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütalğanmaI have been able to herd | senkütalğansayou have been able to herd | olkütalğandıhe has been able to herd | bizkütalğanbızwe have been able to herd | sizkütalğansızyou all have been able to herd | alakütalğandılathey have been able to herd |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütalmağanmaI haven't been able to herd | senkütalmağansayou haven't been able to herd | olkütalmağandıhe hasn't been able to herd | bizkütalmağanbızwe haven't been able to herd | sizkütalmağansızyou all haven't been able to herd | alakütalmağandılathey haven't been able to herd |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütalğanmamı? kütalğanmıma?have I been able to herd? | senkütalğanmısa?have you been able to herd? | olkütalğanmıdı?has he been able to herd? | bizkütalğanbızmı? kütalğanmıbız?have we been able to herd? | sizkütalğanmısız?have you all been able to herd? | alakütalğanmıdıla?have they been able to herd? |
| Ability — perfect / -ğan past | menkütalmağanmamı? kütalmağanmıma?haven't I been able to herd? | senkütalmağanmısa?haven't you been able to herd? | olkütalmağanmıdı?hasn't he been able to herd? | bizkütalmağanbızmı? kütalmağanmıbız?haven't we been able to herd? | sizkütalmağanmısız?haven't you all been able to herd? | alakütalmağanmıdıla?haven't they been able to herd? |
| Ability — past perfect | menkütalğan edimkütalğanemI had been able to herd | senkütalğan ediŋkütalğaneŋyou had been able to herd | olkütalğan edikütalğanedhe had been able to herd | bizkütalğan edikkütalğanekwe had been able to herd | sizkütalğan edigizkütalğanegizyou all had been able to herd | alakütalğan edilekütalğanellethey had been able to herd |
| Ability — past perfect | menkütalmağan edimkütalmağanemI hadn't been able to herd | senkütalmağan ediŋkütalmağaneŋyou hadn't been able to herd | olkütalmağan edikütalmağanedhe hadn't been able to herd | bizkütalmağan edikkütalmağanekwe hadn't been able to herd | sizkütalmağan edigizkütalmağanegizyou all hadn't been able to herd | alakütalmağan edilekütalmağanellethey hadn't been able to herd |
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past perfect | ||||||
| Ability — past background | menkütala edimkütalaemI could herd | senkütala ediŋkütalaeŋyou could herd | olkütala edikütalaedhe could herd | bizkütala edikkütalaekwe could herd | sizkütala edigizkütalaegizyou all could herd | alakütala edilekütalaellethey could herd |
| Ability — past background | menkütalmay edimkütalmayemI could not herd | senkütalmay ediŋkütalmayeŋyou could not herd | olkütalmay edikütalmayedhe could not herd | bizkütalmay edikkütalmayekwe could not herd | sizkütalmay edigizkütalmayegizyou all could not herd | alakütalmay edilekütalmayellethey could not herd |
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — past background | ||||||
| Ability — future I | menkütalırmaI will be able to herd | senkütalırsayou will be able to herd | olkütalırhe will be able to herd | bizkütalırbızwe will be able to herd | sizkütalırsızyou all will be able to herd | alakütalırlathey will be able to herd |
| Ability — future I | menkütalmazmaI won't be able to herd | senkütalmazsayou won't be able to herd | olkütalmazhe won't be able to herd | bizkütalmazbızwe won't be able to herd | sizkütalmazsızyou all won't be able to herd | alakütalmazlathey won't be able to herd |
| Ability — future I | menkütalırmamı? kütalırmıma?will I be able to herd? | senkütalırmısa?will you be able to herd? | olkütalırmı?will he be able to herd? | bizkütalırbızmı? kütalırmıbız?will we be able to herd? | sizkütalırmısız?will you all be able to herd? | alakütalırlamı? kütalırmıla?will they be able to herd? |
| Ability — future I | menkütalmazmamı? kütalmazmıma?won't I be able to herd? | senkütalmazmısa?won't you be able to herd? | olkütalmazmı?won't he be able to herd? | bizkütalmazbızmı? kütalmazmıbız?won't we be able to herd? | sizkütalmazmısız?won't you all be able to herd? | alakütalmazlamı? kütalmazmıla?won't they be able to herd? |
| Ability — future II | menkütallıqmaI am going to be able to herd | senkütallıqsayou are going to be able to herd | olkütallıqdıhe is going to be able to herd | bizkütallıqbızwe are going to be able to herd | sizkütallıqsızyou all are going to be able to herd | alakütallıqdılathey are going to be able to herd |
| Ability — future II | menkütallıq tülmeI am not going to be able to herd | senkütallıq tülseyou are not going to be able to herd | olkütallıq tüldühe is not going to be able to herd | bizkütallıq tülbüzwe are not going to be able to herd | sizkütallıq tülsüzyou all are not going to be able to herd | alakütallıq tüldülethey are not going to be able to herd |
| Ability — future II | menkütallıqmamı? kütallıqmıma?am I going to be able to herd? | senkütallıqmısa?are you going to be able to herd? | olkütallıqmıdı?is he going to be able to herd? | bizkütallıqbızmı? kütallıqmıbız?are we going to be able to herd? | sizkütallıqmısız?are you all going to be able to herd? | alakütallıqmıdıla?are they going to be able to herd? |
| Ability — future II | menkütallıq tülmüme?aren't I going to be able to herd? | senkütallıq tülmüse?aren't you going to be able to herd? | olkütallıq tülmüdü?isn't he going to be able to herd? | bizkütallıq tülmübüz?aren't we going to be able to herd? | sizkütallıq tülmüsüz?aren't you all going to be able to herd? | alakütallıq tülmüdüle?aren't they going to be able to herd? |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkütalır edimkütalır emI would be able to herd | senkütalır ediŋkütalır eŋyou would be able to herd | olkütalır edikütalır edhe would be able to herd | bizkütalır edikkütalır ekwe would be able to herd | sizkütalır edigizkütalır egizyou all would be able to herd | alakütalır edilekütalır ellethey would be able to herd |
| Ability — would be able to… | menkütalmaz edimkütalmaz emI wouldn't be able to herd | senkütalmaz ediŋkütalmaz eŋyou wouldn't be able to herd | olkütalmaz edikütalmaz edhe wouldn't be able to herd | bizkütalmaz edikkütalmaz ekwe wouldn't be able to herd | sizkütalmaz edigizkütalmaz egizyou all wouldn't be able to herd | alakütalmaz edilekütalmaz ellethey wouldn't be able to herd |
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Ability — would be able to… | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkütalğınkütalğımay you be able to herd | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | senkütalmağınkütalmağımay you not be able to herd | |||||
| Second-person optative — ability | ||||||
| Second-person optative — ability |
With another word
| Frame | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wanting and intending | ||||||
| want to | menküterge izleymeI want to herd | senküterge izleyseyou want to herd | olküterge izleydihe wants to herd | bizküterge izleybizwe want to herd | sizküterge izleysizyou all want to herd | alaküterge izleydilethey want to herd |
| want to | menküterge izlemeymeI do not want to herd | senküterge izlemeyseyou do not want to herd | olküterge izlemeydihe does not want to herd | bizküterge izlemeybizwe do not want to herd | sizküterge izlemeysizyou all do not want to herd | alaküterge izlemeydilethey do not want to herd |
| would like to | menküterge süemeI would like to herd | senküterge süeseyou would like to herd | olküterge süedihe would like to herd | bizküterge süebizwe would like to herd | sizküterge süesizyou all would like to herd | alaküterge süedilethey would like to herd |
| would like to | menküterge süymeymeI would not like to herd | senküterge süymeyseyou would not like to herd | olküterge süymeydihe would not like to herd | bizküterge süymeybizwe would not like to herd | sizküterge süymeysizyou all would not like to herd | alaküterge süymeydilethey would not like to herd |
| hope to | menküterge umutlanamaI hope to herd | senküterge umutlanasayou hope to herd | olküterge umutlanadıhe hopes to herd | bizküterge umutlanabızwe hope to herd | sizküterge umutlanasızyou all hope to herd | alaküterge umutlanadılathey hope to herd |
| hope to | menküterge umutlanmaymaI do not hope to herd | senküterge umutlanmaysayou do not hope to herd | olküterge umutlanmaydıhe does not hope to herd | bizküterge umutlanmaybızwe do not hope to herd | sizküterge umutlanmaysızyou all do not hope to herd | alaküterge umutlanmaydılathey do not hope to herd |
| be about to | menküterge deb turamaI am about to herd | senküterge deb turasayou are about to herd | olküterge deb turadıhe is about to herd | bizküterge deb turabızwe are about to herd | sizküterge deb turasızyou all are about to herd | alaküterge deb turadılathey are about to herd |
| be about to | menküterge deb turmaymaI am not about to herd | senküterge deb turmaysayou are not about to herd | olküterge deb turmaydıhe is not about to herd | bizküterge deb turmaybızwe are not about to herd | sizküterge deb turmaysızyou all are not about to herd | alaküterge deb turmaydılathey are not about to herd |
| Need and obligation | ||||||
| need to | menküterge kerekmeI need to herd | senküterge kerekseyou need to herd | olküterge kerekdihe needs to herd | bizküterge kerekbizwe need to herd | sizküterge kereksizyou all need to herd | alaküterge kerekdilethey need to herd |
| need to | menküterge kerek tülmeI do not need to herd | senküterge kerek tülseyou do not need to herd | olküterge kerek tüldühe does not need to herd | bizküterge kerek tülbüzwe do not need to herd | sizküterge kerek tülsüzyou all do not need to herd | alaküterge kerek tüldülethey do not need to herd |
| have to | menmenŋe küterge tüşediI have to herd | sensenŋe küterge tüşediyou have to herd | olaŋa küterge tüşedihe has to herd | bizbizge küterge tüşediwe have to herd | sizsizge küterge tüşediyou all have to herd | alaalağa küterge tüşedithey have to herd |
| have to | menmenŋe küterge tüşmeydiI do not have to herd | sensenŋe küterge tüşmeydiyou do not have to herd | olaŋa küterge tüşmeydihe does not have to herd | bizbizge küterge tüşmeydiwe do not have to herd | sizsizge küterge tüşmeydiyou all do not have to herd | alaalağa küterge tüşmeydithey do not have to herd |
| be obliged to | menküterge borçlumaI am obliged to herd | senküterge borçlusayou are obliged to herd | olküterge borçluduhe is obliged to herd | bizküterge borçlubuzwe are obliged to herd | sizküterge borçlusuzyou all are obliged to herd | alaküterge borçludulathey are obliged to herd |
| be obliged to | menküterge borçlu tülmeI am not obliged to herd | senküterge borçlu tülseyou are not obliged to herd | olküterge borçlu tüldühe is not obliged to herd | bizküterge borçlu tülbüzwe are not obliged to herd | sizküterge borçlu tülsüzyou all are not obliged to herd | alaküterge borçlu tüldülethey are not obliged to herd |
| Possibility and permission | ||||||
| have a way to | menküterge madarım bardıI have a way to herd | senküterge madarıŋ bardıyou have a way to herd | olküterge madarı bardıhe has a way to herd | bizküterge madarıbız bardıwe have a way to herd | sizküterge madarığız bardıyou all have a way to herd | alaküterge madarları bardıthey have a way to herd |
| have a way to | menküterge madarım joqduI have no way to herd | senküterge madarıŋ joqduyou have no way to herd | olküterge madarı joqduhe has no way to herd | bizküterge madarıbız joqduwe have no way to herd | sizküterge madarığız joqduyou all have no way to herd | alaküterge madarları joqduthey have no way to herd |
| be free to | menküterge erkinligim bardıI am free to herd | senküterge erkinligiŋ bardıyou are free to herd | olküterge erkinligi bardıhe is free to herd | bizküterge erkinligibiz bardıwe are free to herd | sizküterge erkinligigiz bardıyou all are free to herd | alaküterge erkinlikleri bardıthey are free to herd |
| be free to | menküterge erkinligim joqduI am not free to herd | senküterge erkinligiŋ joqduyou are not free to herd | olküterge erkinligi joqduhe is not free to herd | bizküterge erkinligibiz joqduwe are not free to herd | sizküterge erkinligigiz joqduyou all are not free to herd | alaküterge erkinlikleri joqduthey are not free to herd |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küterge bolluqduit is possible for me to herd | sensenŋe küterge bolluqduit is possible for you to herd | olaŋa küterge bolluqduit is possible for him to herd | bizbizge küterge bolluqduit is possible for us to herd | sizsizge küterge bolluqduit is possible for you all to herd | alaalağa küterge bolluqduit is possible for them to herd |
| be possible to | menmenŋe küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for me to herd | sensenŋe küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you to herd | olaŋa küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for him to herd | bizbizge küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for us to herd | sizsizge küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for you all to herd | alaalağa küterge bolluq tüldüit is not possible for them to herd |
| be ready to | menküterge hazırmaI am ready to herd | senküterge hazırsayou are ready to herd | olküterge hazırdıhe is ready to herd | bizküterge hazırbızwe are ready to herd | sizküterge hazırsızyou all are ready to herd | alaküterge hazırdılathey are ready to herd |
| be ready to | menküterge hazır tülmeI am not ready to herd | senküterge hazır tülseyou are not ready to herd | olküterge hazır tüldühe is not ready to herd | bizküterge hazır tülbüzwe are not ready to herd | sizküterge hazır tülsüzyou all are not ready to herd | alaküterge hazır tüldülethey are not ready to herd |
| Trying, agreeing, hurrying, fearing | ||||||
| try to | menküterge küreşemeI am trying to herd | senküterge küreşeseyou are trying to herd | olküterge küreşedihe is trying to herd | bizküterge küreşebizwe are trying to herd | sizküterge küreşesizyou all are trying to herd | alaküterge küreşedilethey are trying to herd |
| try to | menküterge küreşmeymeI am not trying to herd | senküterge küreşmeyseyou are not trying to herd | olküterge küreşmeydihe is not trying to herd | bizküterge küreşmeybizwe are not trying to herd | sizküterge küreşmeysizyou all are not trying to herd | alaküterge küreşmeydilethey are not trying to herd |
| agree to | menküterge unaymaI agree to herd | senküterge unaysayou agree to herd | olküterge unaydıhe agrees to herd | bizküterge unaybızwe agree to herd | sizküterge unaysızyou all agree to herd | alaküterge unaydılathey agree to herd |
| agree to | menküterge unamaymaI refuse to herd | senküterge unamaysayou refuse to herd | olküterge unamaydıhe refuses to herd | bizküterge unamaybızwe refuse to herd | sizküterge unamaysızyou all refuse to herd | alaküterge unamaydılathey refuse to herd |
| hurry to | menküterge aşığamaI am in a hurry to herd | senküterge aşığasayou are in a hurry to herd | olküterge aşığadıhe is in a hurry to herd | bizküterge aşığabızwe are in a hurry to herd | sizküterge aşığasızyou all are in a hurry to herd | alaküterge aşığadılathey are in a hurry to herd |
| hurry to | menküterge aşıqmaymaI am in no hurry to herd | senküterge aşıqmaysayou are in no hurry to herd | olküterge aşıqmaydıhe is in no hurry to herd | bizküterge aşıqmaybızwe are in no hurry to herd | sizküterge aşıqmaysızyou all are in no hurry to herd | alaküterge aşıqmaydılathey are in no hurry to herd |
| be afraid to | menküterge qorqamaI am afraid to herd | senküterge qorqasayou are afraid to herd | olküterge qorqadıhe is afraid to herd | bizküterge qorqabızwe are afraid to herd | sizküterge qorqasızyou all are afraid to herd | alaküterge qorqadılathey are afraid to herd |
| be afraid to | menküterge qorqmaymaI am not afraid to herd | senküterge qorqmaysayou are not afraid to herd | olküterge qorqmaydıhe is not afraid to herd | bizküterge qorqmaybızwe are not afraid to herd | sizküterge qorqmaysızyou all are not afraid to herd | alaküterge qorqmaydılathey are not afraid to herd |
Emphatic and rare forms
| Form | menI | senyou | olhe/she/it | bizwe | sizyou all | alathey |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inference, present — auxiliary negated | menküte bolmazmaI can't be herding | senküte bolmazsayou can't be herding | olküte bolmazhe can't be herding | bizküte bolmazbızwe can't be herding | sizküte bolmazsızyou all can't be herding | alaküte bolmazlathey can't be herding |
| Inference, present — double negation | menkütmey bolmazmaI must be herding (emphatic) | senkütmey bolmazsayou must be herding (emphatic) | olkütmey bolmazhe must be herding (emphatic) | bizkütmey bolmazbızwe must be herding (emphatic) | sizkütmey bolmazsızyou all must be herding (emphatic) | alakütmey bolmazlathey must be herding (emphatic) |
| Progressive conditional — auxiliary negated | menküte turmasamif I don't keep herding | senküte turmasaŋif you don't keep herding | olküte turmasaif he doesn't keep herding | bizküte turmasaqif we don't keep herding | sizküte turmasağızif you all don't keep herding | alaküte turmasalaif they don't keep herding |
| Inference, progressive — auxiliary negated | menküte tura bolmazmaI can't be in the middle of herding | senküte tura bolmazsayou can't be in the middle of herding | olküte tura bolmazhe can't be in the middle of herding | bizküte tura bolmazbızwe can't be in the middle of herding | sizküte tura bolmazsızyou all can't be in the middle of herding | alaküte tura bolmazlathey can't be in the middle of herding |
| Inference, progressive — double negation | menkütmey tura bolmazmaI must keep on not herding (emphatic) | senkütmey tura bolmazsayou must keep on not herding (emphatic) | olkütmey tura bolmazhe must keep on not herding (emphatic) | bizkütmey tura bolmazbızwe must keep on not herding (emphatic) | sizkütmey tura bolmazsızyou all must keep on not herding (emphatic) | alakütmey tura bolmazlathey must keep on not herding (emphatic) |
| Progressive — verb negated | menkütmey turamaI keep on not herding | senkütmey turasayou keep on not herding | olkütmey turadıhe keeps on not herding | bizkütmey turabızwe keep on not herding | sizkütmey turasızyou all keep on not herding | alakütmey turadılathey keep on not herding |
| Progressive — double negation | menkütmey turmaymaI am not keeping on not herding | senkütmey turmaysayou are not keeping on not herding | olkütmey turmaydıhe is not keeping on not herding | bizkütmey turmaybızwe are not keeping on not herding | sizkütmey turmaysızyou all are not keeping on not herding | alakütmey turmaydılathey are not keeping on not herding |
| Progressive — double negation | menkütmey turmaymımaaren't I keeping on not herding? | senkütmey turmaymısaaren't you keeping on not herding? | olkütmey turmaymıdıisn't he keeping on not herding? | bizkütmey turmaymıbızaren't we keeping on not herding? | sizkütmey turmaymısızaren't you all keeping on not herding? | alakütmey turmaymıdılaaren't they keeping on not herding? |
| Inference — auxiliary negated | menkütgen bolmazmaI can't have herded | senkütgen bolmazsayou can't have herded | olkütgen bolmazhe can't have herded | bizkütgen bolmazbızwe can't have herded | sizkütgen bolmazsızyou all can't have herded | alakütgen bolmazlathey can't have herded |
| Inference — double negation | menkütmegen bolmazmaI must have herded (emphatic) | senkütmegen bolmazsayou must have herded (emphatic) | olkütmegen bolmazhe must have herded (emphatic) | bizkütmegen bolmazbızwe must have herded (emphatic) | sizkütmegen bolmazsızyou all must have herded (emphatic) | alakütmegen bolmazlathey must have herded (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual — auxiliary negated | menkütgen bolmasamif it weren't that I had herded | senkütgen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you had herded | olkütgen bolmasaif it weren't that he had herded | bizkütgen bolmasaqif it weren't that we had herded | sizkütgen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all had herded | alakütgen bolmasalaif it weren't that they had herded |
| Counterfactual — double negation | menkütmegen bolmasamif it weren't that I hadn't herded | senkütmegen bolmasaŋif it weren't that you hadn't herded | olkütmegen bolmasaif it weren't that he hadn't herded | bizkütmegen bolmasaqif it weren't that we hadn't herded | sizkütmegen bolmasağızif it weren't that you all hadn't herded | alakütmegen bolmasalaif it weren't that they hadn't herded |
| Inference, future — auxiliary negated | menküterik bolmazmaI can't be going to herd | senküterik bolmazsayou can't be going to herd | olküterik bolmazhe can't be going to herd | bizküterik bolmazbızwe can't be going to herd | sizküterik bolmazsızyou all can't be going to herd | alaküterik bolmazlathey can't be going to herd |
| Inference, future — double negation | menkütmezlik bolmazmaI must be going to herd (emphatic) | senkütmezlik bolmazsayou must be going to herd (emphatic) | olkütmezlik bolmazhe must be going to herd (emphatic) | bizkütmezlik bolmazbızwe must be going to herd (emphatic) | sizkütmezlik bolmazsızyou all must be going to herd (emphatic) | alakütmezlik bolmazlathey must be going to herd (emphatic) |
| Counterfactual future — auxiliary negated | menküterik bolmasamif it weren't that I were going to herd | senküterik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were going to herd | olküterik bolmasaif it weren't that he were going to herd | bizküterik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were going to herd | sizküterik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were going to herd | alaküterik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were going to herd |
| Counterfactual future — double negation | menkütmezlik bolmasamif it weren't that I were not going to herd | senkütmezlik bolmasaŋif it weren't that you were not going to herd | olkütmezlik bolmasaif it weren't that he were not going to herd | bizkütmezlik bolmasaqif it weren't that we were not going to herd | sizkütmezlik bolmasağızif it weren't that you all were not going to herd | alakütmezlik bolmasalaif it weren't that they were not going to herd |